Vital Sign

Ranges Possible Symptoms Normal: around 120/80 mmHg Hypotension: below 90/60 mmHg Hypertension: above 140/90 mmHg dizzy or lightheaded fast or irregular heartbeat rapid, shallow breathing cold, clammy, pale skin weak, tired, or confused anxious or confused fatigued or sleepy severe headache severe chest pain shortness of breath

Possible Causes

Blood Pressure

low blood volume due to blood loss or dehydration severe infection or allergy certain medications body position

kidney or thyroid disease defects in blood vessels certain medications illegal drugs damaged heart tissue, heart defects sleep apnea inflammatory diseases certain medications damaged heart tissue, heart defects smoking, alcohol or caffeine fever medications or drugs

Normal: 60-100 beats per min Bradycardia: slower than 60 beats per min dizzy fainting or feeling weak shortness of breath tired or confused chest pains dizzy or lightheaded shortness of breath heart palpitations chest pain fainting

Pulse Rate Tachycardia: faster than 100 beats per min

Normal: 12 - 20 breaths per min Bradypnea: slower than 12 breaths per min cyanosis weakened breath sounds rapid heart rate restless or confused decreased level of consciousness damage to the brain narcotic medications or alcohol sleep apnea abnormal metabolic processes

Respiration Rate

Vital Sign

Ranges Tachypnea: faster than 20 breaths per min

Possible Symptoms cyanosis difficulty breathing rapid heart rate wheezing or abnormal sounds external physical signs

Possible Causes asthma COPD blood clot in the lungs infections which cause fever

Normal: between 97.8 F and 99.1 F (average 98.6 F) Hypothermia: below 97.8 F drowsiness weakness, loss of coordination pale and cold skin shivering slow breathing or heart rate headache dizziness, lightheadedness confusion or combativeness rapid, weak pulse or rapid, shallow breathing dry, hot, red skin cold exposure age chronically ill or having infection alcohol or drugs

Body Temperature

Pyrexia (fever) or hyperthermia: above 100.4 F

Pyrexia: infections immunizations autoimmune or inflammatory disorders medications Hyperthermia: unable to sweat being dehydrated medications over or underweight