CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS in activated sludge process

Jiri Wanner
Prague Institute of Chemical Technology Association of Wastewater Experts

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

Separation of activated sludge in

secondary clarifiers Construction of modern secondary clarifiers Examples from Czech WWTPs Design criteria used in the Czech Rep. Membranes as alternative to gravity sedimentation

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

1. EFFLUENT QUALITY

( BOD 5 )TOT . = ( BOD 5 )SOL.+ k X

0 .7 ( X 0 / X ) k = 1 + 0 .0 4 4 X
C O D : 1 m g X 0 1 ,4 m g C O D

TKN: 6 - 8% N ORG IN X P T O T .: c a 2 % P I N X
UP TO 9 -10% IN EBPR

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

2. THICKENING OF RAS and WAS

I
V,X ST

E XE

RAS WAS XR = X W

R X = XR 1+ R
L O W X R and X w
PROBLEMS WITH X OVERLOADING OF SLUDGE HANDLING FACILITIES

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

BASIC CLARIFIER CONFIGURATIONS

CIRCULAR, RADIAL FLOW (DORR) RECTANGULAR, HORIZONTAL FLOW:
LONGITUDINAL FLOW TRANSVERSE FLOW

CIRCULAR or RECTANGULAR, VERTICAL FLOW

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

DEGASIFICATION OF ACTIVATED SLUDGE MIXED LIQUOR

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

CIRCULAR, RADIAL FLOW, according to Albertson INLET STRUCTURE EFFICIENT SLUDGE SCRAPER SCUM SKIMMER OUTLET STRUCTURE

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

FLOW DIAGRAM OF CIRCULAR CLARIFIER (IAWQ STR No.6)

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

INLET STRUCTURE
INFLUENT, ENERGY DISIPATING WELL CLARIFLOW PORTS FOR TANGENTIAL FLOW (questionable) FLOCCULATION ZONE

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

WHAT HAPPENS IN CLARIFIERS WITH FLOCCULATION ZONE

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

FLOCCULATION ZONE

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

No flocculation zone

Flocculation zone

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

Scum accumulation with tangential inflow

Unprotected weirs of effluent launder

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

FLOCCULATION ZONE

New construction of flocculation zone upper deflector preventing the

accumulation of scum lower deflector preventing the disturbances in the separation and thickening zones

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

FLOCCULATION ZONE

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

COVER

INLET

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

FOR LARGE CLARIFIERS

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

AND FOR SMALL CLARIFIERS (10.5 m total )

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

STAMFORD BAFFLE DEFLECTOR (SEE LATER)

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

OUTLET STRUCTURE
PREFERABLY PERIPHERAL LAUNDER AND WEIR LAUNDER SOMETIMES COVERED (against algae growth) SCUM BAFFLE STAMFORD BAFFLE

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

CONTROL OF ALGAE GROWTH

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

THE IMPORTANCE OF SCUM BAFFLES

WITHOUT BAFFLES: FLOATING BIOMASS ESCAPES TO THE EFFLUENT

WITH BAFFLES: CLEAR EFFLUENT PROBLEMS WITH COLLECTED SCUM

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

THE IMPORTANCE OF SCUM BAFFLES

Floating sludge

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

EFFLUENT PIPES INSTEAD OF SCUM BAFFLES

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

EFFLUENT PIPES INSTEAD OF SCUM BAFFLES

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

COLLECTION OF SCUM classical scum box - low efficiency

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

COLLECTION OF SCUM classical scum box - low efficiency

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

COLLECTION OF SCUM
classical scum box - often overloaded with scum

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

COLLECTION OF SCUM travelling scum box

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

COLLECTION OF SCUM travelling scum box

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

COLLECTION OF SCUM pneumatic systems

SCUM AIR

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

COLLECTION OF SCUM pneumatic systems

VENTILATOR

SCUM SKIMMER

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

COLLECTION OF SCUM pneumatic systems

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

COLLECTION OF SCUM pneumatic systems

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

THE ROLE OF STAMFORD BAFFLE

Turns the sludge flow back to the separation zone

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

Stamford baffle with peripheral launders

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

no need of Stamford baffle with internal launders

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

REMOVAL OF THICKENED SLUDGE

MOST COMMON TODAY

SPIRAL SCRAPERS

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

SPIRAL SCRAPERS

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

REMOVAL OF THICKENED SLUDGE combined shape of scraper

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

RECTANGULAR CLARIFIERS

inlet baffle: energy dissipation, mixed liquor distribution flocculation zone: mechanical or hydraulic mixing effluent launders at side walls

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

FLOW REGIME IN RECTANGULAR CLARIFIERS

Effl.

Infl.

Effl.

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

effluent launders at side walls

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

hydraulic removal of thickened sludge

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

SKIMMERS AND SCRAPERS ON ENDLESS CHAIN

CONTEMPORARY DESIGN AND OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS

CLARIFIER DESIGN PARAMETERS ACCORDING TO CSN 75 6401

hydraulic loading v = Q/A 1.6 m/h for Qmax; 0.7-1.2 for Q24 HRT 1.8 h solids flux NA = (Q x X)/A 6 kg/(m2.h) hydraulic loading of the effluent weir < 10 m3/(m.h) R = QR/Q < 1.5 and SVI < 150 ml/g