ANSWERSHEET Questions CHAPTER 3

WB 3.1 Hormones 1. Hormones control processes in our body 2. The reproductive system is regulated by hormones 3. a. pituitary / endocrine / hormones / differently b. stimulating / sperm / testes / ova / ovaries c. sexual / testosteron / oestrogen WB 3.2 Men 1. a. Only the DNA (nucleus) is needed a. Swimming b. Machine to swiss the tail, mitochondria for respiration and food storage 2. For lower temperatures: a too high temperature causes sperm to develop in a wrong way (resulting in infertility) 3. a. To save energy (food storage limited) b. To give some extra nutrients for the swimming 4. Testis (sperm and testosteron) / epiddidymus (storage of sperm) / sperm duct (transports sperm) / seminal vesicles and prostate (swimming fluid with nutrients) / urethra (transports semen and urine) / penis (with erectile tissue) 5. See the worksheet WB 3.3 Women 1. See the worksheet 2. ovary / pituitary gland / fed / cells / follicle / oestrogen / ovum / released / ovulation / corpus luteum / progesteron 3. a. menstruation a. FSH in pituitary gland / oestrogen in follicle b. progesteron in corpus luteum 4. ovulation and menstruation stoop because hormone production stops 5. a. about 15 minutes
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WORKBOOK BIOLOGY

2 tto 2011

ANSWERSHEET

Lyceum Oudehoven

ANSWERSHEET Questions CHAPTER 3

b. break down the tissue in the follicle c. a full stop WB 3.4 Fertilisation and pregnancy 1. a. Millions of sperm cells can be present in one ejaculation
of semen, but only about thirty will come near the ovum. b. The first sperm cell contacting the ovum makes an opening in the layers surrounding the ovum and these layers immediately close for other sperm cells. c. Only the content of the head of the first sperm will pass into the ovum and both nuclei will fuse: the actual fertilisation which results in the forming of a zygote. d. This one-celled new individual undergoes many cell divisions, traveling through the oviduct towards the uterus, the lining of the uterus meanwhile thickens under the influence of progesteron. e. About five days after fertilisation implantation of the embryo occurs and the embryo starts producing a hormone to stimulate the corpus luteum to keep on producing progesteron until the placenta can take over.

2. a. Within 24 hours after ovulation and sperm survive for a maximum of 5 days b. Beginning of oviduct (fallopian tube) c. To get diploid individuals (two sets of chromosomes instead of more) 3. The ova carry food for the first stages of development of the embyro, while the sperm has to travel light 4. Non-identical twins: two ova ripen, are fertilised and settle in the womb, different DNA, separate placenta and chorion. Identical twins: one ova fertilised and splits after settling in the womb, same DNA, placenta and chorion 5. Placenta: exchange of O2/CO2 and food/waste. Amniotic fluid is shock absorbant and stores nutrients and waste.
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WORKBOOK BIOLOGY

2 tto 2011

ANSWERSHEET

Lyceum Oudehoven

ANSWERSHEET Questions CHAPTER 3

WB 3.5 Childbirth 1. The amniotic sac breaks and the fluid leaks out 2. Labour: contractions of uterus / dilation: cervix widens / expulsion: pushing out the baby 3. Placenta, chorion and amniion detach from the womb and leave the mother 4. To disconnect the baby from placenta and mother. 5. The remaining part of the umbilical cord contains blood of the baby (enough to fill a few test tubes) 6. a. Feet (bottom) first b. Oxygen supply can run low because the placenta gets detached from the womb c. Baby born with an operation, cutting through abdominal wall and uterus - for several reasons: pelvis too narrow, labour lasts too long, baby lying sideways

WB 3.6 Birth control 1. To allow the menstruation to happen 2. When other methods are not available or too expensive or you dont want to use these - but all methods have a failure percentage (safe within a marriage) 3. No: sperm can pass as well as embryos. Implantation of the embryo is hindered by triggering the lining. And coils ofen contain copper which is lethal for embryos

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WORKBOOK BIOLOGY

2 tto 2011

ANSWERSHEET

Lyceum Oudehoven