GAS LAWS:

#2

Charles Law

Jacques Charles
A French inventor, scientist, mathematician, and balloonist. He and the Robert brothers launched the world's first (unmanned) hydrogenfilled balloon in August 1783. In December 1783, Charles and his co-pilot NicolasLouis Robert ascended to a height of about 1,800 feet (550 m) in a manned balloon.

Charles' law, describing how gases tend to expand when heated, was formulated by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac in 1802, but he credited it to an unpublished work by Jacques Charles.

Around 1787 Charles did an experiment where he filled 5 balloons to the same volume with different gases. He then raised the temperature of the balloons to 80 C and noticed that they all increased in volume by the same amount.

Charles Law
If a given quantity of gas is held at a

constant pressure, its volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.

Charles Law
This proportionality could be written as:

or

where: V is the volume of the gas T is the temperature of the gas (measured in Kelvin). k is a constant.

 For comparing the same substance under two different sets of conditions, the law can be written as:
1 1

2 or 2

1 2= 2 1

Remember:
NOTE** Charles Law problems must have the PRESSURE CONSTANT.
Keep in mind that you must use only the Kelvin temperature scale when working with temperature in all gas law formulas!

Sample Problems
1. 600.0mL of air is at 20.0oC. What is the volume at 60.0oC?
V1=600.0mL T1=20.0oC + 273=293K V2=? T2=60.0oC +273= 333K V1 V2 = T1 T2 600.0mL V2 = 293K 333K ( 600.0mL)(333K ) =(V2)(298K) V2= 681.9.mL

Sample Problems:
2. Calculate the decrease in temperature when 2.00L at 20.0oC is cooled to 1.00L.
V1=2.00L T1=20.0oC + 273=293K V2=1.00L T2=? V1 V2 = T1 T2 2.00L 1.00L = 293K T2 ( 2.00L)(T2) =(1.00L)(293K) T2= 146.5K DT=146.5K-273K=-146.5K

Sample Problems
3. A balloon filled to a volume 7.00 x 102mL at a temperature of 20.0oC. The balloon then is cooled at constant pressure to a temperature of 1.00 x 102K. What is the final volume of this balloon?
V1=7.00 x 102mL V1 V2

T1=20.0oC+ 273=293K
V2=? T2=1.00 x 102K

T1

T2

7.00 x 102mL V2 = 293K 1.00 x 102K (1.00 x 102K)(7.00 x 102mL)=(V2)(293K)