Quadratic Functions

Standards
14.0 Students solve a quadratic equation by factoring or completing the square. 19.0 Students know the quadratic formula and are familiar with its proof by completing the square. 20.0 Students use the quadratic formula to find the roots of a seconddegree polynomial and to solve quadratic equations. 21.0 Students graph quadratic functions and know that their roots are the x-intercepts. 23.0 Students apply quadratic equations to physical problems, such as the motion of an object under the force of gravity.

Chapter 10

Lesson 10.4

Lesson 10.4

Equations Quadratic in Form

Objectives: 1. Solve equations that are reducible to a quadratic equation. 2. Solve application problems using equations quadratic in form.

Equations Reducible to Quadratic

Some equations can be treated as quadratic, provided that we make a suitable substitution. Example: x4 5x2 + 4 = 0

Knowing that x4 = (x2)2, let u = x2

u2 5u + 4 = 0
Then solve for u by factoring or using the quadratic formula.

An equation is said to be in quadratic form if it is reducible to a quadratic equation through a substitution

x4 9x2 8 0
Let u = x2 u2 9u + 8 = 0

( x 2 1) 2 ( x 2 1) 2 0 Let u x 2 1
u2 u 2 = 0
2 5 1 5

x 3 x 4 0 Let u x
u2 3u 4 = 0

x x 2 0
Let u x
1 5

u 2 u 2 = 0

x6 6 x3 9 0 Let u x3
u2 + 6u + 9 = 0

z2 4 7 z 4 0 Let u 7 z
7

u2 + 4u + 4 = 0

Example: Solve: x4 5x2 + 4 = 0. Solution u 2 5u + 4 = 0 (u 1)(u 4) = 0 u 1 = 0 or u 4 = 0 u = 1 or u = 4 x2 = 1 or x = 1 or x2 = 4 x = 2

(substituting u for x2)

(substitute x2 for u, then solve for x)

The solutions are 1, 1, 2, and 2.

Solve: 3(x 5)2 + 14(x 5) 5 = 0. Solution 3u 2 + 14u 5 = 0 (substituting u for x - 5)

Use completing the square/factoring u = -5 , 1/3 (substitute x - 5 for u, then solve for x) x - 5 = -5 or x=0 x - 5 = 1/3 or x = 16/3
The solutions are 0 and -16/3.

PS 10.4 # 4

Solution u2 3u 10 = 0

Solve: t 3t 10 = 0
(substituting u for t)

PS 10.4 # 24

Use factoring (u 5) (u + 2) = 0 u = 5 , -2 (substitute t for u, then solve for x) t = 5 or t = 25 t = -2 or t=4

By checking only t = 25 satisfies the equation.

Solution Use factoring 2y -2 (y -2 + 5) = 0 2y -2 = 0 or y -2 = 0 or y = 0 y -2 + 5 = 0 or y -2 = -5 y 2 = -1/5 or

Solve: 2y

PS 10.4 # 44
-4

+ 10y

-2

=0

1 1 5 5 y i i 5 5 5 5

Homework
Problem Set 10.4 TB pp. 630-631 (Multiples of 4 numbers 4, 8, , 52); 56, 58