Potential Renewable Energy Business Development and Project Development

in Thailand and Consulting Experiences

NU LECTURE WAVEPLACE
Dr.-Ing. Jiratkwin Rakwichian
Nico Group, Panya Consultant
Dr.-Ing. Boonyang Plangklang RMUTT
03 July 2010

Agenda
Climate Change and its effects
Renewable Energy Policies in America, Eu, and Thailand
Work in Renewable Energy Area
Renewable Energy (RE) Reviews
RE Case Studies (Tesco Lotus)

Back Ground Works

Why Renewable Business Grow
Renewable Project Consulting
VLS PV Solar Farm MW
Small Wind Farm 50 kW for low speed wind
CSP (Solar Trough)

Dr.-Ing. Jiratkwin Rakwichian Renewable Experiences CV

Renewable
Consultant

Background

Achievements &
Current Holding
Project

Dr.-Ing. Jiratkwin Rakwichian, (AMP)

Deputy Managing Director Ensol Company Limited, under Panya Consult Corporation Group.
B. Eng (Electrical Engineering) Kasetsart University, Thailand
Master in International Telecommunication DAAD Scholarship , University of Kassel, Germany
Ph.D.(Dr.-Ing.) in Renewable Energy Solar PV, University of Kassel, Germany
A. Project Development, Sino-Thai Engineering light weight concrete plant 700 MB ,
B. Biomass Plant from Husk Rice with ING Fund 6,000 MB,
C. Assistant Director, Orange, True Company, Strategic and Business development
D. Consultant of whole Logistic Management for Mitrphol Sugar Company
1. Solar Thermal Power Plant in NU (Solar Parabolic Trough)
2. Small Wind Farm 50 kW under the Patronage of King and DEDE by Ministry of Energy
3. Consulting DEDE directors on Renewable Energy Policy
4. Developing Very Large scale Solar PV power plant to many big company over 300 MW with
mobilize fund greater than 20,000-30,000 MB (TOTAL PV FARM CONSULTING SERVICE)
5. Guest consultant and lecturer to analysts to ING and MFC fund, Korean Fund under LG or
Green Bank like CIMB
6. PV Roof Top MQDC project consulting 250 households
7. Hybrid system for electrification for Island or Isolate area e.g. 350 kW PP Island, 50 kW Doi Mon
Lan Chiang Mai
8. Invited guest speaker as Guest Professor to Master, MBA and Ph.D. Program Naraesuan
University
9. JV with D-103, Entry 5 competition design of Thai new Parliament on PV BIPV and Wind farm
design
10. Advisor on business and technical due diligence for MFC Fund and CIMB Bank as well as
Project Financing
3

World renewable energy outlook

// Global Energy Situation and Future Trends (1)

World energy consumption and CO2 increase corresponded with population increasing.

Global temperature trend and projections

Explanation

Temperature trends and

projections. The global average
surface temperature has
increased over the 20th century
by about 0.6 degrees Celsius.
This increase in temperature is
likely to have been the largest
for any century in the last 1000
years.
It is very likely that nearly all
land areas will warm more
rapidly than the global average,
particularly those at high
northern latitudes in the cold
season.
There are very likely to be more
hot days; fewer cold days, cold
waves, and frost days; and a
reduced diurnal temperature
range.
Source: UNEP/GRID-Arendal

Green House Effect

This PowerPoint slide is used for academic use only in university or analyst lecture

World CO2 Emission Outlook

1971

91

29

33
CECD Countries
Developing Countries

1990

104

2010

133

64

100

46

FSU Eastren Europe

139

46

200

300

100 million tones of CO2 equivalent

Source : World Energy Outlook (IEA)

100

CO2 100
50

200
This PowerPoint slide is used for academic use only in university or analyst lecture

1992

2002

2005

Effect after climate change: Hurricane, Flood, Desert

10

1992

2002

2005

This PowerPoint slide is used for academic use only in university or analyst lecture

11

To move 20 M people
in Beijing
from land under the sea

before

after
Source : Dr. Wattanapong R
This PowerPoint slide is used for academic use only in university or analyst lecture

12


Million ( )

12,000

30

6,000

+ Peak Oil

2010

3,000

OIL

1,500

1850

1900

1950

Source : Dr. Wattanapong R

This PowerPoint slide is used for academic use only in university or analyst lecture

2000

2050

13

20% 2020
Sign Feb,2007

Source : Dr. Wattanapong R

14

15% 2020
Sign June, 2007

Source : Dr. Wattanapong R

This PowerPoint slide is used for academic use only in university or analyst lecture

15

EU Super Grid Project to support

Wind installation 263 GW in 2020
Solar PV 450 GW installed by 2020

Source : Dr. Wattanapong R

This PowerPoint slide is used for academic use only in university or analyst lecture

17

Renewable Energy in the Future

Smart Grid in USA 2012
Fast-moving Baraq Obama

Micro-Grid
-Distributed Generation
-Customer Electrification

Community Grid
-Small Power Producer
transmission
-Village Community
Electrification

National Grid
-High Capacity transmission
-Nation balance of supply & Demand
18

USA Renewable Energy Power Grid

USA Smart Grid Project

- 5,000 Kilometers of new power line
- Installation 40 million smart meters in private
home for power home exchange
- 2015 Million electric hybrid car step up commercialize
19

A dramatic rise of world renewable in 2007, developing world, EU and top six countries
Explanation

Renewable capacity reached

240 GW world wide in 2007, an
increased of 50% over 2004
The largest component of
renewable capacity is wind
power that reach estimated 95
GW, annual increased more 40%
higher in 2007 compared to 2006
The wind industries in China
and India continue to grow
Offshore wind power grew
significantly to 300 MW in
Europe and US
Grid connected solar photo voltaic grew fasted to an estimated 7.7 GWp
Solar PV market growth is centered in Germany, Japan, Spain, Italy, USA
Renewable energy, small hydro power, biomass, solar PV provide power to rural people
Developing countries as a group have more than 40% of existing renewable capacity, 70% of solar hot
water, and 45% of bio fuels production
Source: Renewable Energy Network for the 21st Century (REN21)

20

21

Annual installed capacity by region 2003-2008

The global wind industry installed dose to 120 GW in 2008

The top three installed capacity are leaded by United State (25 GW), Germany (23.9 GW) and
Spain (16.7 GW)
China is in the top rank of Asia Region at 12.2 GW by success factor of China government
policy direction, good wind potential site at many remote area, and localization of domestic
wind turbine manufacturers (more than 56%).
22

Annual PV installed capacity by Country 2000-2013

23

Thailand Energy Background : Energy Source of Power Generation

Energy Source of Power Generation

Renewable Energy
1.4%
Coal 8.2%

Natural Gas
70.0 %

Heavy Oil
1.0%
Lignite
12.6%
Hydro
4.7%
Laos 1.6%

Diesel
0.2 %

Malaysia
0.3 %

148,197

Mega kW-h/year
24


1.

2.

3.

4.



5.


25


.. 2551-2565
ESCO Fund

Target 5,608 MW
Existing 1,750 MW

CDM
BOI/

2.4%

Adder cost

Adder cost 3,858 MW

-//
-//
/

R&D
7.6%
6.4%

15.6%

19.1%

4,237 ktoe/
99,500 /
13 /

2551*

2554

2559

2551 94.45

20.3%

4.1%

19,800 ktoe/
461,800 /
42 /

Target 7,433 ktoe

Existing 3,007 Ktoe

6.2%

Target
9.0 /
Existing 1.24 /

Target
4.5 /
Existing 1.56 /

Target
0.1 ..

Target 690 mmscfd

(6,090 ktoe)
Existing 108.1 mmscfd

NGV

2565
: * .. 52

26


1. Adder Cost

: www.eppo.go.th

27

 (2)
2. (BOI)
3. ( 50 )
4. CDM
5. (ESCO Venture Capital)

ESCO Fund

Investor

Investor

Equity Investment

Investment
Committee

Investor

ESCO Venture Capital

Equipment Leasing

Investor
Investor

Carbon Credit (CDM)

1.

1,250
2.
10 ktoe
250 /

51-52 500 /

Credit Guarantee Facility

/
Technical Assistance

Fund Manager

28

 15
15 3
(2551 2554)

(proven
technologies)
NGV

(2555 2559)


,

Green City

(2560 2565)



Green City

29

(1) (RE)

RE
/, Adder Cost,
ESCO FundRE
CDM

(2)

RE

(3)

RE
RE
,

30

>50,000 MW

32 MW

-
- Solar Home/On Grid
-
-. 0.1%

56 MW

1,601 MW

154 ktoe
2.3 ktoe

-
( )
-
()

600 ktoe
224 ktoe

-
(,
, ,
, ,
)

190 MW
46 MW

1,600 MW

5.0 MW

-
-

320 MW
5 MW

-
- /

4,400 MW

700 MW

7,400 ktoe

2,781 ktoe

- (,
,
,)
- (

)
78 ktoe

1 ktoe
(
)

* 3.0 /
1.24 /
-

* 4.2 /
1.59 /
-

DME

* ( )

31

15 (REDP Master Plan 20082022)

28 .. 2552

20

(Development Framework) 3

Proven

-
2nd-Gen & Non-Food
Biofuels
-
(Green Community)

- Green Community
-
-

-
RE
- Biofuels
New
- Battery
- Geothermal

2554

2559

2565

2573

15.6%

19.1%

20.3%

25%

(R&D)

(Demonstrator)

-
(Deployment)

(Competition)

3232

Tree

Tree

1)
.,,,,
2) .

Tree

-
-
-

3) .
Tree

Tree

Tree

Tree

Tree

Tree

4) Offshore Wind farm

-


-

Offshore Potentials

3333


PV Boom PV

PV 1-2 USD/watt
PV
(Giant Solar Farm)

()
,,,,,

Solar Pricing

Proven
- Parabolic Trough Steering Engine

. R+D+D

Solar Map

Parabolic Trough

Steering Engine

3434

 (Hydro)

1. (Small-Mini
Hydro)
2.
3. (Pico-Micro
Hydro)

( 324 MW)

15

5 4
3 3
7 2 1
9 43 14
0
4
3 154 8 4
181
0 2 43 4 5 5
7
3
1
21 5
3 3 3 33 9 4 0 1
2
4
1
61 1 2902 2 23 68
4 7 1 31 2 21
1 829 24 6 222
0 78
3
5
5
3
2

4.
- R&D

91

10

5
2

13

3535


12,000,000.00
10,000,000.00
8,000,000.00
6,000,000.00
4,000,000.00
2,000,000.00

800-1,000
- 1,200-1,600
-
1,200-1,600

0.00

()

(
)

36
36

 MW.

Existing = 1,648MW
= 3,341 ktoe

(MW)
Actual/Expect

52

53

54

59

65

2,100

2,454

2,800

3,220

3,600

1,644

2,000

2,800

3,220

3,600

:

CDM PPA

High light

()

156 mw

1,931 mw

222ktoe

2,743ktoe

365 mw

92 mw

518ktoe

131ktoe

1.
37

53
2. / 37


3
5
1. .
LFG
1 MW
2. .
AD
0.6 MW
3. . .
LFG
1.5 MW
4. . .
1.5 MW
5. .

1 MW

- (
)

.
.(.) . (PPP)
key Player .

1.

2.

3.

Land-fill Gas (LFG)

(Incineration)
(AD)
Gasification
Plasma
RDF

- Parolysis

3838

5
1.. LPG

2. //
- .

.
8,800
/
100 /
25
50-100 /
37

3. LPG
4. LPG

-
5. -
- RDF

10-50 /
162

LPG

5-10 /
639
< 5 /
6,622

3939



5 .
District Subsidy 10-30%
2

1)
2)

Quick Fact
1 = 3 = 10
1/
1 0.05 ./
1 ktoe =
1.76 .. 0.55 MW
1 ktoe 90,000
1 MW 160,000

-
-

40
40


2.93 ./

- 4
-
+ 4

Demand

- 8

1.64 ./
0.63 ./
0.85 ./

FFV

- 1,681 @ ..53

- 53 7,308
- .
> 1,800 cc 22%
- Volvo Mitsu
- GM E85 53

FFV
Flexible
+
Supply-Demand

GSH E20 FFV E85

Convince . GM Line FFV rebate 3%

91 (.)
Supply-Demand
.
HUB

yield 3.5 4.5 // 11.8 15 //(.)
R&D

4141

5.91 ./
- CPO/RBD 4 1.76 ./
-
5 1.75 ./
- CPO/RBD 4 0.95 ./
/

Demand B100 1.8 ./

- B2 31.07/. 60.5%
- B5 20.29/. 39.5%

- B5 B2 1.20 /
- B5 3,484 70%
- B5= 0.55 /
B2= 0.61 /

/
Demand
CPO

Supply-Demand

(CPO)

72

400

A 9

14

100
300

B 15 C 16
D 8

10

65%

.. 53

B5 B2 B3

B100 ()

.(/
/)
HUB
yield 2.8 3.2 // (.)
R&D

. .

4242

4343

44

PV Market in the future

BIPV for Building

45

PV Market in the future: Grid Connected PV Roof Top

46

PV Market in the future: Grid Connected PV Roof Top

3.12 kW

.. (.)

3.02 kW

(.)

3.02 kW

(.)

3.12 kW

(.)
47

5 KW PV Roof Top Invest Cost

Invest Cost

650,000 Baht

Energy Output

7,000 kw.h/year

Income

77,000 Baht/year

O&M

750 Baht/year

Net Income

76,250Baht/year

Payback Period

8-9 Year

Working Period

25 Year
48

PV Market in the future: Thin Film

Thin Film Technology

49

1 MW PV Solar Farm Invest Cost

Invest Cost

100,000,000 Baht

Energy Output

1,400,000 kw.h/year

Income

15,000,000 Baht/year

O&M

200,000 Baht/year

Net Income

14,800,000Baht/year

Payback Period

8-9 Year

Working Period

25 Year
50

Portfolio:Wind Turbine 3 kW Grid Tile Development in Amata Lotus

Green Store

51

Portfolio: TESCO Lotus Green Store

52

Portfolio :CO2 Emission Reduction and Renewable Energy in Private

Sector by Ensol
MISSION LOTUS on Carbon Emission

As part of Tesco International Business, Tesco

Thailand must reduce Carbon Emission average 50% by
year 2020 follow Tesco plan

TESCO Lotus, Rama I,

Install Solar PV 460 kWp,
Investment Cost: 75,165,000
baht or 15 Million RMB

TESCO Lotus, CO2 Emission

Reduction initiatives & roll out
plan roadmap

Launch green store

investment on pilot renewable
energy (small wind turbine &
Solar cooling system; Solar
trough/Vacuum roll tube roof
top)
53

Nowadays Renewable Energy Business in Thailand

Wind Turbine

PV Solar Cell

CSP
ParabolicTrough

Solar
Thermal

Technology wises

Energy Sources

Wind 3-8 m/s

Solar Radiation 5
kWh/m2-day

Solar Radiation 5
kWh/m2-day

Solar Radiation 5
kWh/m2-day

Investment

120-140 Bt/Wp

100-110 Bt/Wp

140-150 Bt/Wp

12,000 Bt/m2

Cost of electricity

8-10 Bt/ unit(kWh)

6-7 Bt/ unit(kWh)

8-10 Bt/unit(kWh)

3-5 Bt/kWh

IRR/Payback

8-10 years(sell to
grid)

6.5-7.5 years

Up 10-15 years

2 -3 years

Proven/local (small
WT 6 kW)

Proven/local

Research/import

Proven/local

Existing Vendors

54

PV 460 kW at TESCO Lotus Rama I

55

PV 460 kW at TESCO Lotus Rama I

56

Case Study Solar power for Vatican City

57

Case Study Grid-connected PV -Singapore

Savannah Condo Park

58

Case Study Sodinggen Berg Akademie Germany

59

Case Study Free-Field mounting system

60

Case Study Free-Field mounting system

61

Case Study Free-Field mounting system

62

Wind Turbine in Europe (Manchester City Football Club Go Green) 2 MW Wind

Turbine

63

Wind Turbine in Europe Project with Prof. Dr. -Ing. Jurgen Schmid (ISET)

64

Case Study Wind Turbine in Europe

65

Case Study Wind Turbine in Europe Logistics

66

Case Study Wind Turbine in Europe Installation

67

Case Study Wind Turbine in Europe Factory Fabrication

68

Wind Turbine in Europe at farm along the road to the north of Germany

69

Very Large Scale Solar PV Power Plant

.
Dr. Ing. Jiratkwin Rakwichian
12 March 2010

70

Agenda
Nowadays Renewable Energy Business in Thailand
Solar PV Power Plant
Future of PV Solar Power Plant
Potential, Configuration, Investment and project cost portion
Model and Pre Feasibility of 1 MW PV power Plant and Action Plan

Back Ground Work of Consulting and Implemented Project of Ensol and Partners
SERT Partner as International Research Institution

71

Nowadays Renewable Energy Business in Thailand

Wind Turbine

PV Solar Cell

CSP
ParabolicTrough

Solar
Thermal

Technology wises

Energy Sources

Wind 3-8 m/s

Solar Radiation 5
kWh/m2-day

Solar Radiation 5
kWh/m2-day

Solar Radiation 5
kWh/m2-day

Investment

120-140 Bt/Wp

100-110 Bt/Wp

140-150 Bt/Wp

12,000 Bt/m2

Cost of electricity

8-10 Bt/ unit(kWh)

6-7 Bt/ unit(kWh)

8-10 Bt/unit(kWh)

3-5 Bt/kWh

IRR/Payback

8-10 years(sell to
grid)

6.5-7.5 years

Up 10-15 years

2 -3 years

Proven/local (small
WT 6 kW)

Proven/local

Research/import

Proven/local

Existing Vendors

72

Photovoltaic (PV) : Solar cell Technologies

Solar Electricity Technology

Photovoltaic technology
Crystalline silicon solar cells (Thick film)

Solar thermal electricity technology

Parabolic trough concentrator

Single-crystal silicon
Power tower or Central receiver
Polycrystalline silicon
Dish engine
Thin film solar cells
Amorphous silicon
Cadmium telluride (CdTe)
Copper indium diselenide (CIS)

Concentrator solar cells

Silicon
Gallium arsenide

73

The World Largest PV Solar Power Plant Top 10 Rank

74

MO48:BruneiTSB20

PV Electricity Generation Potential

kWh/ kWp /year
In Asian selected countries
Brunei

1450 ~1700 kWh/kW

India

Strong Sun Shine !

1500 ~1850 kWh/kW

1400 ~2000 kWh/kW

Philippines

Thailand

1400 ~1900 kWh/kW

Indonesia

1200 ~1850 kWh/kW

Malaysia
Japan
Germany
500

1200 ~1500 kWh/kW

1000 ~1200 kWh/kW

700 ~ 900 kWh/kW

1000
1500
Electricity Generation Potential kWh/ kWp /year

2000

75

MO48:BruneiTSB21
MO48:AsiaPVinstal

Photovoltaic
in Asia
(2006~2007)

W / capita
3.5
3.5 3.35
3.35

Brunei

Cumulative PV Installed (W per capita)

1,200,000 W
383,000

3.0
3.0

= 3.13 W/capita

2.5
2.5

MW
120
120
105
105

100

100
100

2.00
2.00

2.0
2.0

1.5
1.5

8080

1.0
1.0

70
70.3

0.73
0.73

0.57
0.57

0.5
0.5

Sri Lanka

Vietnam

Laos

10

11

12

13

10

11

12

13

14

Vietnam

Cambodia

Bangladesh

1
1.0

Philippines

Mongolia

Bangladesh

Indonesia

Korea

Thailand

Australia

00

China

8
8.0

Indonesia

1
1.3

2020

Philippines

3
3.0

6
5.5

China

Nepal

3
3.0

6
6.0

India

Cambodia

4
4.0

6
6.0

Sri Lanka

Malaysia

5
5.0

Laos

Thailand

Nepal

35
34.7

Korea

36
36

Malaysia

4040

Mongolia

0.0 0

0.21 0.21
0.18 0.17
0.17 0.15
0.21
0.21 0.18
0.15 0.10
0.09 0.08
0.08 0.06 0.04 0.04
0.02
0.06 0.04 0.04 0.02

Australia

6060

India

Cumulative PV Installed (MW)

Cumulative PV
Installed (MW)
100

Cumulative PV
Installed (W per capita)

15

Brunei
14

1.2

15

76

Yearly Average Solar Radiation in Thailand is 5 kWh/day that is

very suitable for Solar Power Plant Project

77

Basic Configuration of Solar PV Power Plant

78

Basic Conceptual Design Configuration of PV Farm 1 MW

79

Sample Master Plan Lay out Solar PV Power Plant

80

Sample Layout of Solar PV Power Plant and Structure

81

VLS PV Solar Farm in Thailand Year up to date

Source: Leonics Partner

82

PV Solar Power Plant in Thailand

Implemented Solar PV Power Plant in Thailand

83

PV-Power Farm 1.012 MWp with Solar Tracking System

In Thailand by EGAT
891.2 mc-Si + 120.8 kWp a-Si,

GTP-507 120 kW x8 units

84

Adder is additional feed in tariff that Ministry to Energy give as a plus

Energy cost when we produce power selling to PEA
Adder special
plus for Yala,
Pattani
Naratiwas
(Baht/kWh)

Given
Adder
Duration
(Years)

Old Adder
(Baht/kWh)

New Adder
(Baht/kWh)

Adder special
plus
(Baht/kWh)

- Installed Capacity <= 1 MW

0.30

0.50

1.00

1.00

- Installed Capacity >1 MW

0.30

0.30

1.00

1.00

- Installed Capacity <= 1 MW

0.30

0.50

1.00

1.00

- Installed Capacity >1 MW

0.30

0.30

1.00

1.00

Type of Power Source of Power Plant

1. Biomass

2. Biogas (from all generation source)

3. Waste (Community waste and non hazardous industrial waste)

- AD and Land fill

2.50

2.50

1.00

1.00

- (Thermal Process)

2.50

3.50

1.00

1.00

- Installed Capacity <= 50 kW

3.50

4.50

1.50

1.50

10

- Installed Capacity > 50 kW

3.50

3.50

1.50

1.50

10

- Installed Capacity 50 kW - <200 kW

0.40

0.80

1.00

1.00

- Installed Capacity <50 kW

0.80

1.50

1.00

1.00

6. Solar Energy (PV, CSP, etc.)

8.00

8.00

1.50

1.50

10

4. Wind Energy

5. Micro water Turbine

85

Energy Payment when we produce energy selling to PEA is

at 11.2 Baht/kWh

86

Project Development of PV Farm 5 MW

PV Solar Farm Power Plant
PV Capacity 5 MWe Investment= 550 MBaht
Selling Electricity Revenue= 75-80 Mbaht/year
Project Pay Back = 7 years

PV Solar Power Station &

Learning center
Rev from CSR budget for university & school
visit and research cooperation

87

Model and Pre Feasibility of 1 MW PV power Plant

1. Very Large scale of PV Power Plant optimum scale should be install >= 5" Mega Watt plant to achieve economy of scale.
2. Nowadays, PV price is decreasing down more than 30%. The last updated cost of PV panel (Solar cell panel) is now 1.4-1.8 US dollar
per watt peak
3. The capital cost Investment of Solar PV Power plant project is 110-120 Baht per watt peak (Amorphous PV)
4. So if we say 1 MW PV power plant will be 110-120 Million Baht (including everything) (It says the PV panel Amorphous technology
base with cell eff. 6-7%)
,if single silicon PV, price will be higher up to 130 Million Baht
5. By practice, PV power plant for 1 kW PV install is generating power 1,400-1,500 kW-hr (Unit) per year.
So 1 MW PV power plant will generate Annual Energy Output at (conservative)
= 1,500 x 1,000 = 1,500,000 kWh (unit) per year
6. Electricity selling to PEA or EGAT plus adder is 11.2 Baht per kW-hr (unit),Revenue of selling electricity to grid per year is a
Revenue per year 1 MW PV Power Plant= 1,500,000 x 11.2= 16-17 Million Baht

7. Project will be more feasible if

A. The Adder duration should be longer than 10 years to be 15-20 years
B. Site location should be very potential with yield of solar radiation more than 5-5.5 kWh per m2 per day
C. Getting As Lowest Price of PV Cost as possible to minimize capital investment
D. Getting source of found for low interest loan

8. If the Investment cost of PV Plant decrease to 108 MB per 1 MW the Pay back period will be down to 7 years

Project Internal Rate of Return, FIRR =7 8% at Investment 108 MB per 1 MW

88

 Feasibility
1. > 5 Mega Watt
2. 30%-40%. 1.4-1.8 US dollar per watt
peak
3. Solar PV Power plant project 1 MW 110-120

4. PV power plant 1 MW 110-120 (+)
5.
1 kW 1,400-1,500 kW-hr (Unit) .

PV 1 MW
= 1,500 x 1,000 = 1,500,000 kWh (unit)
6. PEA adder = 11.2 Baht per kW-hr (unit),
1 MW PV Power Plant= 1,500,000 x 11.2 = 16-17
8. feasible assumption
A. The Adder duration should be longer than 10 years to be 15-20 years
B. Site location should be very potential with yield of solar radiation more than 5-5.5 kWh per m2 per day
C. Getting As Lowest Price of PV Cost as possible to minimize capital investment
D. Getting source of found for low interest loan
9. If the Investment cost of PV Plant decrease to 108 MB per 1 MW the Pay back period will be down to

7 years

FIRR =7 8% 108 1 MW
89

PV Farm Business after accomplished billing generate REV every minute

90

PV Farm Business after accomplished billing generate REV every minute

91

Area Requirements for Solar PV and Wind Farm

Technology

Capacity

Area Requirement
(Rai)

Wind Farm*

50 kW

1.5-2 Rais

PV Solar Farm
(Crystalline PV)

1 MW

10-13 Rais

1 MW

20-25 Rais

PV Solar Farm
(Amorphous PV)

Remark:* 1. Small Wind farm consist of 8 units of 6 kW Wind Turbine in total plant at 48 kW (approx 50kW)
2. 6 kW wind turbine has blade radius 3.25 meter, distance of each turbine = 10-12 meter
3. Small Wind farm 50 kW require area 1.5- Rais
4. Small Wind Farm 1 MW consists of 20 plants of 50 kW = 1MW require area = 20 *1.5=30 Rais
92

 MARKET
MINI-GRID.

URBAN GRID

CONNECTED

93

94

95

PROMISING

Thank you

96

Road ahead for Renewable Energy Business

Low Speed Wind Farm
.
Dr. Ing. Jiratkwin Rakwichian
Ensol Company Limited
05 January 2010

97

AGENDA
Wind Resource in Thailand and Potential Site
Wind Development Project With TESCO Green Store
Compared Wind HAWT & VAWT
Model and Pre Feasibility of 50 kW Small Wind Farm
Other Case Study

98

Wind potential in Thailand world Bank wind Map Thailand Wind

Resource Area is classified mostly in class poor to fair

99

Wind potential in Thailand by World Bank result that more than 92% of
Total Thailand Land Area has Poor Wind class that less than 6m/s

100

Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency(DEDE)

Wind Measurement Stations and Thailand Wind Map in 2001
By 57 DEDE Wind
measurement stations and
other wind measurement
stations from Thai
Meteorological Department
(TMD), Electricity Generating
Authority of Thailand(EGAT)
And Royal Thai Air Force
(RTAF) in totally 134 stations
Result:
-Good Wind Area at class 3
(6.4 m/s at 50 m) locate along
coastline of the southern pf
the Gulf of Thailand (Nakorn
Sritummarat, Songkla and
Pattani), also Northern Part at
Doi Intanon, Chaing Mai
- Fair Wind at Class 1.3 to 2.0
(4.4 m/s at 50 m) located on
west side Petchaburi,
Chumporn, Suratthani and
Northern region in
Phetchaboon,Loei and Chiang
mai

101

Wind potential in Thailand (Asia) by Stanford University

102

Highlight Wind Development MAP in Thailand currently installed capacity 1 MW

3x 5 kW Bueng
Rama 9,
Patumtani
14x (0.220kW)
Pradabod
Project
,Samutprakarn
Wind Farm Ko
Lahn 200kW
(45 x 4.5 kW)
International
Environmental
Park Sirintorn
(3 x 1kW)
Leam Prom
Thep, Phuket
(2 x 10 kW, 1 x
150 kW)
Ko TaruTaox
10 kW Wind
Turbine hybrid
PV 7.5 kWp

150 kW ko Chan
Chonburi,
Recycle
Engineering

50 kW low Speed
Wind Turbine,
Lumtakong,
Nakornratchasrima
2 x 1.25 MW EGAT
Lumtakong
Nakornratchasri ma,
underconstruction
250 kW Hua Sai
DEDE, Na korn
sri Tammarat
1.5 MW Hua Sai
DEDE, Na korn
sri Tammarat
1x250 kW + 1x 1.5
MW Lerm Ta She
Pattanee
103

Wind Potential Area in Thailand

Influence of the North-East and South-West

Monsoon in Thailand
3
1 The South-Eastern Coastal Areas: Nakhon Srithammarat,
1.
Songkla, and Pattani. Average Wind Speed at 50m Height 6.4 m/s
(300 W/m2)

22

2 The Western Mountain Ranges Areas:

2.
Phetchaburi, Kanchanaburi, and Tak. Average Wind Speed at 50m
Height 5.6 m/s (200 W/m2)
2

4
4

3
3. Over Mountain Ridges: Average Wind Speed at 50m Height 5.1
m/s (150 W/m2)
4 Another Coastal Areas: Chonburi, Rayong, Samutsakhon,
4.
Phetchaburi, Prachuapkirikhan, Chumporn, Suratthani, Satun,
Trang, Krabi, Phuket and Pangnga. Average Wind Speed at 50m
Height 4.4 m/s (100 W/m2)

Potential: Wind Speed 4.4 -6.4 m/sec

Apprx. 1,600 MW
104

Facts VS. Challenges & Key Sucsess for Wind Development in Thailand
- Wind Resource in Thailand is mostly in poor class that is the main reason of freezing wind energy
development in Thailand due to less energy production and less sound of economic sense to attract
interest and outside private wind developer to invest.
- Wind Energy Development Projects in Thailand are owned by Government Sector and grow by limitation
of promotion and R&D budget.
- Localization can develop Wind Turbine in micro to small wind turbine from range 400 W to 5 kW, higher
size like 20kW and 50 kW is in researching & developing.
- The Wind Turbine higher that 100kW are imported, working power rated might not be match to wind
speed in Thailand
Localization
Challenges & Key
Wind Expert Development

Success

Wind Association Establish and

continuous activities
International & Domestic Seminar
& Training Center
International Exchange Program
Government Incentives

Increase adder to be actual adder to

meet BEV of cost of electricity from wind
turbine
Enhance other incentive as mentioned in
Incentives Programs

Roll Out Small

Wind Turbine
to Community
and Develop
& localize
higher size of
WT

Promote technology transfer and

solid domestics manufacturing.
Local Wind Turbine exclusive and
promotion

Optimization Resource and Wind Turbine

Promote well match size and rated
power of wind turbine to average
wind speed available in Thailand.
Promote low speed small Wind
Turbine for community
Promote Wind farm Concept to
economize project
105

Case Study Wind Turbine 3 kW Grid Tile Development in Amata Lotus

Green Store

106

Wind Turbine Site Survey

107

Wind Turbine Site Survey and simulation tool

108

Comparison between HAWT & VAWT

HAWT

VAWT

- Self starting the rotor

- requires yaw mechanism
- Higher tower

- Hard to self starting the rotor

- No yaw mechanism system
- lower tower

-Very high noise

-The complexity of blade
manufacturing
- higher performance:0.35

- Lower in noise
- Simple of the blade
manufacturing
- Lower performance :0.25

Limited power output from the

weight of the rotors
-Difficult to locate at the top of
the building
- Hard to protect the blade from
lightening
- Complex system of the
construction

Non limited power output from the

weight of itself
- High possibility to locate at the
top of the building
- Easy to protect the blade from
lightening
-Ease to build and maintenance

- Price low to medium, economized & commercialized

- Price medium to high not commercialized

109

Comparison beteween HAWT & VAWT

Suggestions:
1.Turby has high cut- in speed at 4 m/s that mean wind average in BKK is 2-4 m/s not over 4.5-5 m/s, that
mean wind turbine will stand still, not turn moving if wind is coming speed lower than 4 m/s
2.Turby has high rate power at 14 m/s not match and suitable in low spped wind in Thailand
3.If we see power curve, when wind speed is less than 4 m/s this wind turbine will not generate power at all
110

Comparison between HAWT & VAWT

Suggestions:
1.This low speed wind turbine design for low speed with cut- in speed at 2.5 m/s that mean wind
average in BKK is 2-4 m/s not over 4.5-5 m/s, that mean wind turbine will turn and generate power to grid
2.This low speed has low rated power at 8-9 m/s that match and suitable in low speed wind in Thailand
3.If we see power curve, when wind speed is only 2.5 m/s this wind turbine will turn and generate power

111

 50kW

112

Wind Turbine Grid Connection System

113

Configuration Wind Farm 50 kW Grid Connected

114

 Feasibility
1. 4-5 m/s rated power
7-8 m/s
2. plant factor

3. 140-160 ( )
6 kW 8 units in total capacity 48 kW = 6,500,000-7,000,000
4. 1 kW 2,100 2,200 kW-hr (unit) 6 kW
8 48 kW = 6 x 2,200 x 8 = 105,600 kWh (unit)
5. PEA 2.7 adder 4.5 = 7.2
48 kW = 105,600 x 7.2 = 760,320
6. 8-10

7. volume 120 8

, FIRR =6.5 7% 120 1 MW

115

Wind Turbine Pictures after Finished Installation

116

Wind Turbine Pictures after Finished Installation

117

Wind Turbine Grid Connection System

118

Wind Turbine Stand Alone System

119

Wind Farm 50 kW Hybrid System at ChiangMai

120

Concentrating Solar Power Plant (CSP)

.
Dr. Ing. Jiratkwin Rakwichian
Ensol Company Limited
17 January 2010

121

Solar Concentrating Power Technologies

Solar Trough

Medium T 350-400 C

Solar Tower

High T 900 1,000 C

Solar Dish

Low Temp 180 -200 C

122

Potential for CSP technology

123

Potential for CSP technology

124

Environmental Benefits: CO2 Equivalent (kg/MWh)

Source; DLR, Germany

125

CSP Line Concentrating Technologies

126

CSP Trough Application

127

CSP Line Concentrating Technologies

128

CSP Line Concentrating Technologies

129

CSP Line Concentrating Technologies

130

CSP Line Concentrating Technologies

131

SEG Plant in California

132

SEG Plant in California

133

SEG Plant in California FS

134

Configuration Diagram

135

SEG Plant in California Lay Out

136

Andasol Plant in Andalucia, Spain by Solar Millennium

137

First Prototype Solar Trough 8 in series NU Phitsanulok Thailand

138

First Prototype Solar Trough at NU, Thailand, Sunluck,8 in series

139

Steam generated by First Solar Trough at NU,Thailand

with T=180C, P=5 Bars

140

Solar Dish design at SERT NU Thailand 25KW

141

Conceptual Solar Trough Tri-Gen ( Electricity, Heat, Cooling)

142

Solar Trough

143

Solar Trough new design to be used in this Project

144

Pilot SolarLite Test Plant in Chonburi

145

Pilot SolarLite Test Plant in Chonburi

146

Pilot SolarLite Test Plant in Phitsanulok

147

Pre Feasibility Study CSP Line Concentrating Technologies to Lotus

148

Pre Feasibility Study

149

Solar Trough new design to be used in this Project

150

Pre Feasibility Study Solar Trough and Design for Tesco Green Store

~ 230 C

Trough 2.3 m
Width 25.75 m

151

Case Study TESCO Lotus Green Store as

Renewable Energy Consultant

152

153

Ensol Company Address

PUBLICATION BY:
ENSOL COMPANY LIMITED
ADDRESS:
408/57 Floor 14 Phaholyothin Place Building
Phaholyothin Road, Samsennai,
Phayathai
Bangkok 10400
Thailand
Telephone: +66 2 613 0521. +66 2 613 0522
Fax:
+66 2 613 0520

Email:
Websire:

ensol@ensol.co.th
http://www.ensol.co.th

Contact Person: Dr.-Ing. Jiratkwin Rakwichian

Email:
jiratkwin@gmail.com
jiratkwin_r@ensol.co.th
Mobile:
080 5998716
086 591 9010

154