Chapter 12 Understanding Sexuality

Multiple Choice 1. When did you become genetically male or female? A) at the moment of conception B) during the embryonic stage C) during the second trimester of development D) during the third trimester of development Answer !age %. A "#$

&or many young boys' fully mature sperm do not develop until age ((((((. A) 1" B) 1$ C) 1) D) 1* Answer !age D "#$

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+n girls' the onset of menstruation is called A) menses. B) primensis. C) menarche. D) menopause. Answer !age C "#$

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Why is it unusual for a typical woman in her fifties to become pregnant? A) ,ost women observe a decline in reproductive hormone production. B) -heir husbands are often infertile by that age. C) ,any couples no longer have regular se.ual intercourse after age *#. D) ,ost American couples have undergone voluntary sterili/ation by that age. Answer !ages A "#$' "1%

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0ne1s initial gender identity is based upon A) a preference for one gender role over another. B) a recognition of one1s biological gender. C) gender role instruction from parents. D) biological messages. Answer !age B "#2

3.

!arents most commonly introduce a gender preference to their children by A) punishing their children for behavior outside the norm. B) discussing with their children the roles they are e.pected to fill. C) controlling the e.periences to which their children are e.posed. D) giving them the broadest possible freedom to choose their interests. Answer !age C "#2

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-he process of internali/ing a mature gender image is called A) gender surveying. B) gender adoption. C) gender identity. D) genderi/ation. Answer !age B "#2

2.

-he achievement of a personally satisfying interpretation of one1s masculinity or femininity is termed A) gender preference. B) gender adoption. C) gender identification. D) gender 4ualification. Answer !ages C "#2' "#5

5.

Which of the following does 60- have an effect on the length of a woman1s menstrual cycle? A) unresolved stress B) illnesses C) ma7or life changes D) age of first se.ual encounter Answer !age D "1"

1#.

Why do the male gonads hang in a sac outside the body cavity? A) -here is no room for them in the body cavity. B) -he body cavity is too warm for proper sperm development. C) -his is the most efficient way for sperm to be e7aculated. D) -his promotes a clear separation between the se.ual and e.cretory functions of the penis. Answer !age B "#5

11.

-he function of +C89 :interstitial cell;stimulating hormone) is to A) control se.ual responsiveness. B) control physical growth during puberty. C) trigger the onset of menarche in females. D) begin the process of sperm development in males.

Answer !age 1%.

D "#5

Which of the following serves primarily to lubricate the urethra with a clear' viscous mucus? A) Cowper1s glands B) seminal vesicles C) prostate gland D) epididymis Answer !age A "1#

1".

8perm ma<e up about (((( percent of the volume of semen. A) * B) 1# C) 1* D) %# Answer !age A "1#

1).

-he female analog to the male penis is the A) uterus. B) clitoris. C) vagina. D) mons pubis. Answer !age B "11

1*.

-he female1s vagina is sensitive to se.ual stimulation for about the first (((( of its length. A) one;tenth B) one;4uarter C) one;third D) one;half Answer !age C "1%

13.

-he endometrium is the A) layer of tissue that surrounds the uterus. B) innermost surface of the vagina. C) gland that lubricates the vagina. D) inner lining of the uterus. Answer !age D "1%

1$.

+n addition to producing eggs' the ovaries also produce A) female se. hormones. B) antibacterial substances. C) nutrients for the endometrium. D) lubricant during se.ual stimulation. Answer !age A "1%

12.

Conception usually occurs in the A) ovary. B) uterus. C) vagina. D) fallopian tube. Answer !age D "1%

15.

-he brea<down of a woman1s endometrial wall and resultant discharge of blood is <nown as A) menses. B) menarche. C) oogenesis. D) metriosis. Answer !age A "1%

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=ndometriosis is A) an infection of the endometrium. B) a failure of the endometrium to detach during menstruation. C) an abnormal development of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. D) inflammation of the vaginal canal by endometrial tissue. Answer !age C "1"

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-he portion of the menstrual cycle during which the uterine lining is being sloughed off is called the (((((((( phase. A) hormonal B) menstrual C) preovulation D) postovulation Answer !age B "1"

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-he event called ovulation occurs when a A) luteini/ing hormone begins to act on a primary egg follicle. B) mature ovum is released into the fallopian tube. C) mature ovum reaches the uterus. D) sperm fertili/es an ovum.

Answer !age %".

B "1)

-he best time in the menstrual cycle for -om and ,ary to try to conceive is at the A) end of the menstrual phase. B) end of the preovulation phase. C) beginning of the menstrual cycle. D) beginning of the preovulation phase. Answer !ages B "1";"1)

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-he postovulation phase of the menstrual cycle is characteri/ed by A) ovulation. B) development of the corpus luteum. C) the end of endometrial development. D) the beginning of the disintegration of the endometrium. Answer !age B "1)

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-he most li<ely cause of premenstrual syndrome :!,8) is A) environmental and psychological factors. B) structural problems within the uterus. C) changes in hormonal levels. D) low blood sugar. Answer !age C "1)

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Which of the following is 60- a symptom of premenstrual syndrome? A) tender breasts B) headaches C) fatigue D) weight loss Answer !age D "1)

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&ibrocystic breast condition' in which breast tissue becomes firm and sore' is caused by A) hormone;stimulated secretions that accumulate in connective tissue. B) precancerous lesions in the fatty tissue of the breast. C) hormone;induced restrictions to blood circulation. D) mild infections of the mammary glands. Answer !age A "1*

%2.

Which of the following is &A>8= regarding menopause? +t A) is a normal physiological process' not a disease. B) is a gradual decrease in reproductive system function. C) usually has no unpleasant side effects. D) usually occurs when women reach late forties through mid fifties. Answer !age C "1*

%5.

9ot flashes during menopause are caused by A) contraction of the vaginal wall. B) blood vessel dilation. C) vaginal dryness. D) ovulation. Answer !age B "1)

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Abdominal pain caused by muscular cramping during the menstrual cycle is called A) amenorrhea. B) dysmenorrhea. C) premenstrual dysphoric disorder. D) endometriosis. Answer !age B "1)

"1.

,asters and ?ohnson used the following terms to describe the stages of the typical se.ual response pattern in humans as A) arousal' orgasm' decline. B) e.citement' plateau' orgasm' resolution. C) responsiveness' clima.' orgasm' nonresponsiveness. D) nonspecific stimulation' stimulation' orgasm' nonspecific decline. Answer !age B "1*

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Which of the following descriptions of se.ual responsiveness is ,08- accurate? ,ost A) men re4uire visual stimuli. B) women re4uire stimulation by touching. C) people need to follow a behavioral script. D) people can be aroused by a variety of stimuli. Answer !age D "1*

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0livia is se.ually stimulated by soft caresses and fragrant scents. 9er partner needs the visual stimulation of e.plicit se.ual images. ,asters and ?ohnson would conclude that A) the couple1s behavior is normal. B) neither will achieve optimal arousal. C) this couple is se.ually incompatible.

D) Answer !age ").

this is unusual' but not a ma7or problem. A "1*

-he refractory phase is the A) period of time between initial stimulation and the beginning of physical arousal. B) time re4uired for se.ual organs to resume their normal si/e and position. C) period following orgasm during which arousal cannot occur again. D) moment at which orgasm becomes inevitable. Answer !ages C "1*;"13

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-he stage of the human se.ual response pattern in which the body returns to a pre;e.citement state is <nown as the (((((((((((((((( stage. A) orgasmic B) plateau C) recovery D) resolution Answer !age D "1$

"3.

Which of the following B=8- summari/es the comparison between the se.ual response patterns of men and women? A) -here are more similarities than differences between men1s and women1s responses. B) ,en and women respond se.ually in fundamentally different ways. C) Women are more responsive than men. D) ,en are more responsive than women. Answer !age A "13

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@asocongestion is the A) retention of blood or fluid within a particular tissue. B) abnormal retention of fluid leading to painful intercourse. C) rise in blood pressure that accompanies the se.ual response. D) slowing of circulation that occurs in connection with the se.ual response. Answer !age A "12

"2.

-he buildup of neuromuscular tension that leads to orgasm is called A) vasocongestion. B) e.citement. C) myotonia. D) erection. Answer !age C "12

"5.

-he most commonly accepted view about the cause of homose.uality is that it is A) genetic. B) behavioral. C) environmental. D) still not <nown. Answer !age D "%1

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-he proportion of homose.uals in the American population is estimated to be one in A) ten. B) fifteen. C) twenty. D) twenty;five. Answer !age A "%1

)1.

Which of the following is &A>8= regarding bise.uals? -hey may A) be genuinely attracted to both genders. B) be gay' but feel the need to behave heterose.ually. C) re7ect their biological se.uality. D) be aroused physically by the same gender' but attracted emotionally to the opposite gender. Answer !age C "%1

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-he recognition of oneself as a male or female is referred to as gender A) concept. B) identity. C) recognition. D) pattern. Answer !age B "#2

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-he self;imposed avoidance of all se.ual intercourse is called A) celibacy. B) infertility. C) impotence. D) insufficiency. Answer !age A "12

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What is the current position of researchers on masturbation? +t A) usually has its roots in psychological discomfort with one1s se.uality. B) ma<es people more vulnerable to se.ual dysfunctions. C) is a necessary part of se.ual e.pression.

D) Answer !age )*.

is normal and not harmful. D "12

Which of the following is -AB= of oral;genital stimulation? +t A) has not been studied by researchers in human se.uality. B) usually indicates an abusive relationship. C) carries a ris< of disease transmission. D) is not a common se.ual practice. Answer !age C "15

)3.

Cassandra and Ashton are college students who are choosing to refrain from se.ual intercourse. What percentage of college students represents the population that is refraining from intercourse? A) *;1% percent B) 1#;%% percent C) %*;)# percent D) "2;*# percent Answer !age C "%#

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Which of the following is &A>8= regarding anal intercourse? A) -here is a greater danger of transmitting 9+@ during anal intercourse than during penis; vaginal intercourse. B) -he condom is more li<ely to tear during penis;vaginal intercourse than anal intercourse. C) Anal intercourse can be performed by both heterose.ual couples and gay men. D) =ven with a condom' disease transmission is possible during anal intercourse. Answer !age B "%#

)2.

Which of the following B=8- describes findings about the effect of aging on se.ual en7oyment? A) =n7oyment does not change with age. B) ,ost elderly people find se.uality distasteful. C) ,ost elderly people are physically unable to have intercourse. D) 8e.ual responsiveness diminishes $#;2# percent in your seventies. Answer !ages A "%#;"%1

)5.

-he B=8- description of intimacy is A) telling one1s closest secrets to another. B) any e.pression of se.uality with another. C) any close mutual behavior within a relationship. D) sharing a life;changing e.perience with another. Answer !age C "%"

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Which of the following B=8- illustrates a couple e.periencing infatuation? A) going steady B) becoming engaged C) planning their future together D) an intense attraction in another1s presence Answer !ages D "%%' "%"

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Companionate love most closely resembles A) a fairy tale romance. B) a close friendship. C) an agreement. D) a blind date. Answer !age B "%"

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Aecent statistics indicate that the median age at first marriage for women is ((((((( years old. A) %5 B) %% C) %* D) %1 Answer !age C "%$

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Which of the following is &A>8= regarding marriage? A) ,en tend to be older than women at first marriage. B) Women are waiting longer to get married and tend to be career oriented. C) -he decision not to marry by adults has doubled in the last decade. D) -he demands of marriage will have little effect on a couple1s relationship. Answer !age D "%$

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Which of the following is the B=8- estimate of the number of college students who have engaged in se.ual intercourse? A) *#;3* percent B) $*;5# percent C) 3#;$* percent D) 2*;1## percent Answer !age C "%#

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All of the following are warning signs of an unhealthy relationship =CC=!A) limitations of creativity. B) drug abuse. C) lac< of patience.

D) Answer !age *3.

e.pressing your feelings. D "%)

Although all women have the capability of being multiorgasmic' what percentage is anorgasmic? A) 1# B) %# C) "# D) )# Answer !age A "13

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0f the following' which is 60- an effective method of conflict management? A) 8et a time limit for discussing problems. B) +dentify and resolve the real issue. C) When tal<ing' use sentences that start with DEou.F D) ,utually participate in decision ma<ing. Answer !age C "%$

*2.

,ost divorces have their roots in A) bro<en promises. B) personality changes. C) abusive relationships. D) unfulfilled e.pectations. Answer !ages D "%2

*5.

What percentage of men and women in the Bnited 8tates are single? A) %*;"# percent B) "#;"* percent C) )#;)* percent D) *#;** percent Answer !age C "%*

True/False 3#. ,ale embryos develop testes about the fifteenth wee< after conception. Answer !age &alse "#$

31.

=arly menstrual cycles tend to be anovulatory. Answer !age -rue "#$

3%.

&or women' menopause mar<s the end of fertility. Answer !ages -rue "#$' "1*

3".

Gender preference is typically taught to children during the preschool years. Answer !age -rue "#2

3).

9ormone replacement therapy can help to reduce some of the symptoms of menopause. Answer !ages -rue "1)' "1*

3*.

8perm are produced in the male1s testes. Answer !age -rue "#5

33.

&ollicle;stimulating hormone :&89) is re4uired for the initial development of ova and sperm. Answer !age -rue "#5

3$.

-he clitoris is the most sensitive part of the female genitals. Answer !age -rue "11

32.

-he primary function of the uterus is to provide a stable environment for the possible implantation of a fertili/ed egg. Answer !age -rue "1%

35.

,enarche refers to the onset of the first menstruation in girls. Answer !age -rue "1%

$#.

=ndometriosis is a condition in which endometrial tissue fails to be discharged from the uterus during menstruation. Answer !age &alse "1"

$1.

Women are encouraged to cease normal activity during their menstrual cycle. Answer !age &alse "1"

$%.

-here is no <nown medical cause for !,8. Answer !age &alse "1)

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,enopause mar<s the end of ova production and menstruation. Answer !age -rue "1*

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9ot flashes are caused by changing estrogen levels. Answer !age -rue "1*

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,any physicians agree that menopause is a treatable disease. Answer !age &alse "1*

$3.

-he se.ual response patterns of men and women are very similar. Answer !age -rue "13

$$.

Women do not progress through the same se.ual response pattern as men. Answer !age &alse "13

$2.

,ost women are capable of multiple orgasms' but few men are. Answer !age -rue "13

$5.

@asocongestion is a withholding of o.ygen to certain tissues. Answer !age &alse "12

2#.

>egali/ing same;se. marriage would give gay couples access to hospital visitation rights' family leave' and other privileges currently inaccessible. Answer !age -rue "%3

21.

Genetic studies show that all homose.uals are born with their se.ual preference. Answer !ages &alse "%1;"%%

2%.

Current estimates place the proportion of homose.uals in the B.8. population at about 1# percent. Answer !age -rue "%1

2".

8e.ual abstinence and celibacy are considered synonyms. Answer !age -rue "12

2).

+n women' erotic dreams can lead to orgasm. Answer !age -rue "12

2*.

Genital foreplay serves no useful purpose. Answer !age &alse "15

23.

0ral;genital se. can result in an e.change of se.ually transmitted diseases. Answer !age -rue "15

2$.

Aesearch on the fre4uency of se.ual intercourse among college students indicates that most have engaged in se.ual intercourse. Answer !age -rue "%#

22.

When having a heated discussion with your partner' it is always helpful to bring up situations from the past to ma<e your point. Answer !age &alse "%$

25.

8e.ual en7oyment diminishes with age. Answer !age &alse "%#

5#.

!assionate love is also called infatuation. Answer -rue

!age 51.

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-he average age of first marriage in the Bnited 8tates is decreasing. Answer !age &alse "%$

5%.

0ver three;4uarters of adults in the Bnited 8tates have been married. Answer !age -rue "%$

5".

9omose.ual partnerships have many of the same characteristics and problems as heterose.ual partnerships. Answer !age -rue "%*

5).

,ost states recogni/e same;se. marriages formed in different 7urisdictions. Answer !age &alse "%3

5*.

,ost e.perts believe that divorce is largely a product of unfulfilled e.pectations. Answer !age -rue "%2

53.

According to the B.8. Census Bureau' the number of unmarried' opposite;gender couples living together totals over *.% million couples. Answer !age -rue "%*

5$.

Appro.imately one;half of cohabitation arrangements dissolve. Answer !age -rue "%*

Essay 52. =.plain what it means to ac4uire a gender preference' and e.plain current recommendations about the process. Answer Ac4uiring a gender preference usually occurs during childhood and' to some e.tent' it involves parental pressure to adopt the activities associated with one or the other gender. Attitudes about which activities are for boys and which are for girls are rela.ing. +t is normal for children to e.periment with their gender identity' so parents should not become unduly alarmed about the activities children engage in during this period.

!age 55.

"#2

>ist the accessory glands of the male reproductive system' and briefly describe their functions. Answer 8eminal vesicles manufacture fluid that nourishes sperm cells and provides a medium for their transport. -he prostate gland secretes a mi.ture of substances that nourishes sperm cells and ma<es the semen al<aline to resist the acidic environment of the vagina. -he Cowper1s gland secretes a substance that lubricates the urethra prior to e7aculation. !ages "#5;"1#

1##.

Briefly describe the three phases of the menstrual cycle' including their appro.imate duration. Answer 1) ,enstrual phase five to seven days;;the endometrial lining of the uterus is gradually sloughed off. %) !reovulation phase about seven days;;the release of &89 begins the process of maturing ovarian follicles. As the follicles develop' they release estrogen' which begins the process of building a new endometrial layer in the uterus. -his phase culminates in ovulation. ") !ostovulation phase the corpus luteum continues to secrete hormones to support the endometrium. +f there is no fertili/ation' the corpus luteum disintegrates' and the uterus prepares to discharge the endometrium. !ages "1";"1)

1#1.

Discuss both the advantages and the disadvantages of using hormone replacement therapy. Answer 9ormone replacement therapy is useful in treating the symptoms of menopause and also helps to reduce the li<elihood of developing osteoporosis. Aecently it has been found that 9A- increases the ris< of both breast cancer and cardiovascular problems. !age "1*

1#%.

=.plain the differences between the se.ual responses of men and women. Answer ,en e.perience a refractory period after orgasm' while women tend to be capable of multiple orgasmsH men typically achieve orgasm during se.ual intercourse far more 4uic<ly than women doH men nearly always achieve orgasm during intercourse' while a significant percentage of women do not. !ages "1*;"12

1#".

Describe how aging affects both men1s and women1s se.uality. Answer Aging generally does not diminish the capacity for se.ual e.citement' but other factors among older people' including physical health problems and a feeling of unattractiveness' tend to lead to lower interest in se.ual intercourse. !ostmenopausal women e.perience less rapid vaginal lubrication' but other sensitivities remain nearly the same. 0lder men ta<e longer to achieve erection and orgasm.

!ages 1#).

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8ummari/e the ways in which a couple can successfully communicate with one another and also manage conflict. Answer 1) %) ") )) *) 3) $) 2) 2) 5) 1#) 11) 1%) 1") 1)) !age 8how mutual respect. Aemain calm. +dentify and resolve the real issue. Be a good listener. 8ee< areas of agreement. Do not interrupt. ,utually participate in decision ma<ing. Be cooperative and specific. &ocus on the present and future;not the past. Don1t try to assign blame. 8ay what you are thin<ing and feeling. When tal<ing' use sentences that begin with D+.F Avoid using sentences that start with DEouF or DWhy.F 8et a time limit for discussing problems. Accept responsibility. Do something fun together. "%$

1#*.

Briefly summari/e what marital e.perts believe regarding the high percentage of divorces. Answer Although marriage e.perts cannot provide one clear answer to the 4uestion of why half of the marriages end in divorce' they do suggest that divorce is a reflection of unfulfilled e.pectations by one or both partners. 8ome of those e.pectations include 1) %) ") )) *) !age the belief that marriage will ease the need to deal with their own faults and that their failures can be shared with their partnerH the belief that marriage will change faults that they <now e.ist in their partnerH the belief that the high level of romance e.perienced during courtship will continued through marriageH the belief that marriage can provide them with an area for the development of personal powerH and the belief that their marital partner will be successful in meeting all their needs. "%2