Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

M.Prasad Naidu MSc Medical Biochemistry, Ph.D,.

Overview

Overview (cont)

Biosynthetic Families
Metabolic Precursors a-ketoglutarate Amino Acids Glutamate Glutamine Proline Arginine

3-Phophoglycerate

Serine Glycine Cysteine

Biosynthetic Families (cont)

Metabolic Precursors Amino Acids Oxaloacetate Aspartate, Asparagine Methionine, Threonine, Lysine Pyruvate Alanine, Valine, Leucine Isoleucine

Biosynthetic Families (cont)

Metabolic Precursors Phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose 4-phosphate Amino Acids Tryptophan Phenlyalanine Tyrosine Histidine

Ribose 5-phophate

a-Ketoglutarate Family
a-Ketoglutarate Glutamate Glutamine Proline Arginine

a-Ketoglutamate to glutamate/glutamine
Glutamate + NH4+ + ATP
Glutamine synthetase

Glutamine + ADP + Pi + H+

a-Ketoglutamate + glutamine + NADPH + H+

Glutamate synthase

2 glutamate + NADP+

a-Ketoglutamate to glutamate/glutamine
Net Reaction: a-Ketoglutarate + NH4+ + NADPH + ATP

L-glutamate + NADP+ + ADP + Pi

a-Ketoglutarate Family
a-Ketoglutarate Glutamate Glutamine Proline Arginine

Synthesis of Proline

Synthesis of Proline

Synthesis of Arginine

Synthesis of Arginine

3-Phosphoglycerate Family
3-Phosphoglycerate Serine Glycine Cysteine

Synthesis of Serine and Glycine

Synthesis of Cysteine

Oxoloacetate Family
Oxaloacetate

Aspartate
Asparagine Methionine Lysine Threonine

Synthesis of Aspartate and Asparagine

Oxaloacetate

Transamination from glutamate

Aspartate
Amidation with Glutamine donating NH4+

Asparagine

Synthesis of Lysine, Methionine, and Threonine

See handout

Pyruvate Family
Pyruvate

Alanine

Valine

Leucine

Isoleucine

Synthesis of Alanine

Pyruvate

Transamination from glutamate

Alanine

Synthesis of Isoleucine, Valine,and Leucine

See handout

Phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose 4-phosphate Family

Phosphoenolpyruvate + erythrose 4-phosphate Chorismate Tryptophan Tyrosine Phenylalanine

Synthesis of Chorismate

Synthesis of Tryptophan

Synthesis of Tyrosine and Phenylalanine

Synthesis of Tyrosine and Phenylalanine (cont)

Biosynthesis of Histidine
See handout

Possible Test Questions

1) Provide the 6 metabolic precursors and the amino acids which they lead to. 2) Duplicate the Amino Acid Synthesis Overview Flow Chart. Expand the sections need to show the synthesis of Glutamate, Glutamine, Proline, Arginine, Serine, Cysteine, Glycine, and starting from Chorismate Tryptophan, Tyrosine and Phenylalanine. (40 points!!)