TEORI GRUP DAN GRUP TITIK MOLEKUL

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Mathematical Definition: Group Theory

A group is a collection of elements having certain properties that enables a wide variety of algebraic manipulations to be carried out on the collection

Because of the symmetry of molecules they can be assigned to a point group

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Steps to classify a molecule into a point group Question 1: Is the molecule one of the following recognisable groups ? NO: Go to the Question 2 YES: Octahedral point group symbol Oh Tetrahedral point group symbol Td Linear having no i C Linear having i Dh
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Steps to classify a molecule into a point group Question 1: Is the molecule one of the following recognisable groups ? NO: Go to the Question 2 YES: Octahedral point group symbol Oh Tetrahedral point group symbol Td Linear having no i C Linear having i Dh
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Steps to classify a molecule into a point group

Question 2: Does the molecule possess a rotation axis of order 2 ? YES: Go to the Question 3 NO: If no other symmetry elements point group symbol C1 If having one reflection plane point group symbol Cs If having i Ci

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Steps to classify a molecule into a point group

Question 3: Has the molecule more than one rotation axis ?

YES: Go to the Question 4 NO: If no other symmetry elements point group symbol Cn (n is the order of the principle axis) If having n h point group symbol Cnh If having n v Cnv If having an S2n axis coaxial with principal axis S2n

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Steps to classify a molecule into a point group Question 4: The molecule can be assigned a point group as follows:

No other symmetry elements present Dn Having n d bisecting the C2 axes Dnd Having one h Dnh

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Molecule
Linear?

Dh

i?

Cv i?

2 or more Cn, n>2?

Ih

C5?

Oh

Td

*
Dnh Dnd h ? nd? Dn Cnh Cnv S2n h? nv? S2n? Cn

Y N
Cs Ci

Cn?

Select Cn with highest n, nC2 perpendicular to Cn?

i?

C1

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Benzene
Linear?

Dh

i?

Cv i?

2 or more Cn, n>2?

Ih

C5?

Oh

Td

*
Benzene is D6h
Dnh Dnd h ? nd? Dn Cnh Cnv S2n h? nv? S2n? Cn

Y n=6 N
Cs Ci

Cn?

Select Cn with highest n, nC2 perpendicular to Cn?

i?

C1

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Tugas I: Symmetry and Point Groups Tentukan unsur simetri dan grup titik pada molekul a. N2F2 b. POCl3 c. S2O3= Gambarkan geometri masing-masing molekul tersebut

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