Discontinuity Shear Strength Marzo 2012

3/16/2012 Claudio Olalla Maran
Prof Titular. ETSICCP-UPM

1
Shear Strength of Joints and
Discontinuities
2
Outline
Shear Strength of Discontinuities
Testing
Laboratory
Field tests
Theoretical models
Patton (1966);
Barton & Choubey
Others
3
b n r
tan =
Shear Strength of Joints
4
tan
n p
c + =
Shear Strength of Joints
5
Shear Testing Machine
Hoek, 2000
6
7
8
In situ field tests
Large cuantity of material is involved
Are well appreciated
Expensive
9
In situ field tests
In a gallery:
20 50 cm
2
10
In situ field tests
Variant with
rod anchors
11
In situ field tests
12
In situ field tests
13
Theoretical models
Patton (1966)
Barton & Choubey
Landany & Archimbeault (1999)
14
Shear Strength of Saw Tooth Specimen
Patton (1966)
15
Shear Strength of Saw Tooth Specimen
Patton (1966)
( ) i
b n
+ = tan
16
( ) ; ; tan
n
=
= Joint roughness friction
= Joint contact area reduction
= Joint dilatancy component
Must be a function of:
17
Barton criterium
18
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
+ =
n
r n
JCS
JRC

10
log tan
JRC = Joint Roughness Coefficient
JCS = Joint Wall Compressive Strength
r
= Residual friction angle
19
r
= Residual friction angle
r
=
b
+ 20 - 20 (r/R)
b
= Basic friction angle
R = Sound rock Schmitd hardness
r = Joint surface Schmitd hardness
20
D
e
e
r
e

a
n
d

M
i
l
l
e
r
,

1
9
6
6
21
JCS = Joint Compression Strength
22
D
e
e
r
e

a
n
d

M
i
l
l
e
r
,

1
9
6
6
23
JCS = Joint Compression Strength
/ / / / RCS/JCS
CAMBIO DE LA
DENSIDAD
CAMBIO EN
RESISTENCIA
0 1 - 2
-5 % 2 - 3
-10 % 3 - 4
-20 % 4 - 10
24
25 Barton and Choubey, 1977)
26
Barton, 1982
27
Barton, 1982
28
JRC = 2.37 + 70.97 z
1
in cm (0.784) Tse & Cruden (1979)
JRC = 2.76 + 78.87 CLA in cm (0.768) Tse & Cruden (1979)
JRC = 32.20 + 32.47 log (z
2
) (0.986) Tse & Cruden (1979)
JRC = 37.28 + 16.58 log (SF) in mm (0.784) Tse & Cruden (1979)
JRC = 6.05 (k)
0.5
( ? ) Cunha & Muralha (1990)
JRC = 411 (R
L
- 1) in mm (0.984) Cunha & Muralha (1990)
JRC = 1195 (D -1) (0.869) Lamas (1996)
z
1
= Root mean square (rms) (Myers, 1962)
CLA = Central line average(arithmetic mean of asperities) (Myers, 1962)
z
2
= rms of 1st derivate (slope) of the asperity heights (Myers, 1962)
SF = Surface texture (Sayles & Thomas, 1977)
k = Absolute roughness (mximum - minimum) (Myers, 1962)
R
L
= Linear roughness (Total length/length of the projection) (Chermant&Coster, 1978)
D = Fractal dimensin (Lamas, 1996)
29
The tilt test is not recommended
30
Influence of Scale on JRC and JCS
0
02 . 0
0
0
JRC
n
n
L
L
JRC JRC
|
|
\
|
=
0
03 . 0
0
0
JRC
n
n
L
L
JCS JCS
|
|
\
|
=
Where:
JRC
0
, JCS
0
and L
0
refer to 10 cm lab. scale specimens
JRC
n
, JCS
n
and L
n
refer to in situ block sizes
31
Instantaneous Cohesion and Friction Angle
32
Instantaneous Cohesion and Friction
|
|
\
|
=
n
i
arctan
i n i
c tan =
(
(
+
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
+ = 1 log tan
10 ln 180
log tan
10
2
10 r
n
r
n n
JCS
JRC
JRC JCS
JRC

33
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Normal Stress, Sigma
n
S
h
e
a
r

S
t
r
e
n
g
t
h
,

T
a
u
29 degrees
16.9
96
0.36 MPa
Normal
Stress,
Sigma
n
Shear
Strength,
Tau
Friction
Angle,
phi'
Cohesive
Strength,
c'
MPa MPa Degrees MPa
0.36 0.99 1.65 58.82 0.39
0.72 1.54 1.42 54.91 0.51
1.44 2.48 1.21 50.49 0.73
2.88 4.07 1.03 45.85 1.11
5.76 6.78 0.87 41.07 1.76
11.52 11.34 0.73 36.22 2.91
23.04 18.97 0.61 31.33 4.95
46.07 31.53 0.50 26.40 8.67
INPUT Parameters:
dTau /
dSigma
n
Barton Shear Strength Criterion
Basic friction angle, phi
b
Joint roughness coefficient, JRC
Joint compressive strength, JCS
Minimum normal stress, Sigma
n min
34
c' (MPa) (degrees) c' (MPa) (degrees)
Basalt Clayey basaltic breccia, wide variation from clay to
basalt content
0.24 42
Bentonite seam in chalk 0.015 7.5
Thin layers 0.09 to 0.12 12 to 17
Triaxial tests 0.06 to 0.1 9 to 13
Triaxial tests 0 to 0.27 8.5 to 29
Direct shear tests 0.03 8.5
Clays Over-consolidated, slips, joints and minor shears 0 to 0.18 12 to 18.5 0 to 0.003 10,5 to 16
Triaxial tests 0.06 32
Stratification surfaces 0 19 to 25
Coal measure rocks Clay mylonite seams, 10 to 25 mm 0.012 16 0 11 to 11.5
Dolomite Altered shale bed, +/- 150 mm thick 0.04 14.5 0.02 17
Diorite, granodiorite, porphyry Clay gouge (2% clay, PI = 17%) 0 26.5
Clay filled faults 0 to 0.18 24 to 45
Sandy loam fault filling 0.05 40
Tectonic shear zone, schistose and broken
granites, disintegrated rock and gouge
0.24 42
Greywacke 1 - 2 mm clay in bedding planes 0 21
6 mm clay layer 0 13
10 - 20 mm clay fillings 0.1 13 to 14
< 1 mm clay filling 0.05 to 0.2 17 to 21
Interbedded lignite layers 0.08 38
Lignite / marl contact 0.1 10
Limestone Marlaceous joints, 20 mm thick 0 25 0 15 to 24
Lignite Layer between lignite and clay 0.014 to 0.03 15 to 17.5
Montmorillonite 0.36 14 0.08 11
Bentonite Clay 0.016 to 0.02 7.5 to 11.5
100-150 mm thick clay filling 0.03 to 0.08 32
Stratification with thin clay 0.61 to 0.74 41
Stratification with thick clay 0.38 31
Slates Finely laminated and altered 0.05 33
Quartz / kaolin / pyrolusite Remoulded triaxial tests 0.042 to 0.09 36 to 38
Shear Strength of Filled Discontinuities (Barton, 1974)
80 mm seams of bentonite clay in chalk
Peak Residual
Bentonite
Bentonitic Shale
Schists, quartzites and
siliceous schists
Rock Description
Clay Shale
Granite
Limestone
Limestone, marl and lignites
Typical values (Barton; 1974)
35
Hoek, 2000
36
Sensitivity Analysis
37
Barton, 1982
Maximun peak shear displacement
(
peak
)
peak
38
Maximun peak shear displacement
(
peak
)
peak =
= 0,01 L
0.6
Barton & Choubey (1977)
peak =
= 0,004 L
0.6
Barton (1982)
peak =
= 0,0032 L
0.61
Barton (1982)
peak =
= 0,002 L (JRC/L)
0.33
Barton (1982)
peak =
= 0,02 (L
0.51
/JRC
0.37
)(
n
/JCS)
0.32
Asadollahi & Tonon (2010)
peak =
= 0,0077 L
0.45
(
n
/JCS)
0.34
cos (JRC log (JCS/

n
)) Asadollahi & Tonon (2010)
L = Fracture sample in m
39
Barton, 1982
Dilation angle (d
n
)
Barton & Choubey (1977)
d
n
= JRC log
10
(JCS/
n
)
d
n
= asperity component
40
THATS ALL FOLKS!!
Thank you for your
attention

Discontinuity Shear Strength Marzo 2012

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3/16/2012 Claudio Olalla Maran

Prof Titular. ETSICCP-UPM

3/16/2012 Claudio Olalla Maran

cos (JRC log (JCS/

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