Year 10 Science Term 1 Revision Sheet

GENETICS 1. Complete the following table on mitosis and meiosis: Mitosis Meiosis Definition Function/Purpose Asexual or sexual reproduction? Where does it occur? Genetically different or identical? No. of cell divisions that occur No. of daughter cells produced No. of chromosomes in daughter cells 2. Define the following terms: Homozygous, Heterozygous, Phenotype, Genotype, Dominant, Recessive, Allele, Pure breeding, Chromosome, sex-linked genes. 3. In rabbits, black fur is dominant over white fur. A heterozygous black male mates with a homozygous white female to produce offspring. a. State the genotype and the phenotype of the parents b. Complete a monohybrid cross to find out the alleles of the offspring 4. In humans, free-ear lobes are dominant to attached. Two parented that are both heterozygous free are expecting a child. What are the chances that the child will have free ear lobes of attached? 5. In watermelons, the alleles for green colour (G) and short shape (S) are dominant. Striped colour and long shaped are recessesive. 6.

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A watermelon that is long and striped is crossed with a watermelon that is heterozygous for both traits. What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring? A homozygous recessive female is bred to a heterozygous male. Colour is incomplete for dominance in these gerbils. D = dark brown and d= white. What would the results of the cross be? Colour in cows is codominant. A homozygous white cow (WW) is crossed with a homozygous red cow (RR). What is the genotype of the offspring produced? If two black mice are crossed, ten black and 3 white mice result. a. Which allele is most likely dominant? b. Which allele is most likely recessive? c. What are the probable genotype of the parents? Explain how sex is determined in humans. Normal vision (N) is dominant to red-green colour blindness (n). A female who is heterozygous (XNXn) will still have normal vision because the dominant allele masks the effects of the recessive allele (she is known as a carrier). a. Show the cross of a heterozygous carrier female with a male who has normal vision. b. State if it is possible for this couple to produce a child who has red-green colour blindness c. Is it possible for a female to ever have colour blindness? Explain your answer In the pedigree, shaded in shapes represent individuals who have haemophilia. a. How many males have haemophilia? b. What are the possible genotypes of the first generation? c. What are the possible genotypes of the second offspring d. Is hameophillia a sex-linked disorder? Explain your answer.

EVOLUTION 12. Define Evolution, selective agent 13. How can fossils be used as evidence of evolution of species over time? 14. Explain the difference between convergent evolution, divergent evolution and coevolution 15. Explain how the following are mechanisms for evolution: a. Natural selection b. Genetic mutation c. Genetic drift d. Gene flow 16. Explain what geographic isolation and reproductive isolation is. 17. Contrast analogous and homologous features. 18. Why cant analogous feature be used as evidence for the theory of evolution? 19. It is said that selective breeding methods used by humans speed up evolution. Explain this statement. 20. Propose what would happen to dark and light coloured mice living on light-coloured soil 21. What is speciation and explain how it is linked to geographical and reproductive isolation. 22. Genetic drift and natural selection are both mechanisms involved with divergent evolution. Explain how they differ. 23. A study was done on proportions of different coloured mice in different coloured soils and are shown in the following table: Site Soil Colur % brown mice % yellowish mice 1 Red 82 18 2 Light Grey 52 48 3 Pale yellow 41 59 a. State any trends seen in the data. b. Propose reasons for why the mouse population varies in different coloured soils.

24. Spraying crops with pesticides has caused the development of pesticide-resistant insects. This is given as an example of natural selection at work despite humans being involved. a. Identify the agent for natural selection in this case. b. Assess whether the example would be better classified as an example of artificial selection. Justify your answer.