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EE 199
Research Proposal
Rodelyn B. Cañizares
B.S. Electrical Engineering
1.0 Introduction
2. To use microcontroller to control the operation of the lighting system and make
the system economical compare with PC interfacing.
Switch Light
Mobil
e phone
1
Relay
SMS
Microcontroller
Power supply
Mobil
e phone Searching for
2 SMS Reading Compare
control words
and saving with control
Reset
Figure 1-1 shows how the system operates. The system is based on GSM technology
for transmission of SMS from sender to receiver. Mobile phone 2 received the SMS message
sent by mobile phone 1. As the mobile phone 2 is recognized by the microcontroller, then the
received message sends to the microcontroller. The microcontroller read the message and
saves. Searching inside the SMS message for any control words available this is done by
using the appropriate program. The program will manage the SMS data and compares with
available control words. When the program find the control words inside the message, then,
the program will prepare to send the desired signals to the lighting system through relays.
The program automatically deletes the saved message, so as to prepare to receive new SMS
message.
2.0 Review of Related Literature
2.1 Lighting System
Residential houses and offices about 20 to 50 percent of total energy is consumed due
to lighting load. Most importantly, for some buildings over 90 percent of lighting energy
consumed can be an unnecessary expense through over-illumination. The cost of that lighting
can be substantial. A single 100 W light bulb used just 6 hours a day can cost over $25 per
year to use (.12/kWh). Thus lighting represents a critical component of energy use today,
especially in large office buildings where there are many alternatives for energy utilization in
lighting. There are several strategies available to minimize energy requirements in any
building:
(a) At least one wall switch-controlled lighting outlet shall be installed in every habitable
room: in bathrooms, hallways, stairways, attached garages, detached garages with electric
power, and at outdoor entrances or exits. The lighting outlet for interior stairways shall have
a wall switch at each floor level where the difference between floor levels is six steps or
more.
(b) At least one wall switch controlled lighting outlet shall be installed in an attic, under-floor
space, utility room, and basement, where these spaces are used for storage or contain
equipment requiring servicing. The switch shall be located at the point of entry to these areas,
and the lighting outlet located at or near the equipment requiring servicing.
Once you have formulated a lighting design, it is important to decide how to regulate
the system or control the lighting design to achieve the desired effect. There are many
options, from simple switches to preset multiple-zone/ multiple-scene controllers. Every
room is capable of being viewed and used in numerous ways. A multiple-scene controller
allows the same lights to be illuminated at various levels by a single control unit. Multiple
scene controllers can do this at the push of a button.
Momentary contact switches (door jam switches) are devices that turn on the light
when the door is opened. It’s the same way the light in your refrigerator operates. When the
door is shut, the light automatically goes out. This works only if the household members
remember to shut the door completely. Bi-fold doors don’t work well with momentary
contact switches because the need to be fully closed to make a good connection.
Motion sensors turn on the lights as someone enters the room or closet and keeps
them on as long as there movement or for a certain length of time, as preset in the sensor.
Some companies make motion sensors with manual override for clients who plan to spend a
great deal of time in a particular room without moving around. For instance, if there is a safe
in the master-bedroom closet and home owners occasionally review important papers or sort
of jewelry there, an override on the motion sensor in this location would be advisable.
Panic Switches are switches normally located in the master bedroom that turn on
exterior perimeter lights. No home owners want to run to the front door when there is
suspicious noise outside at night- most people don’t even want to get out of bed. This will
also allow the occupants to turn off the outside or entry lights if they are left unintentionally.
Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is a globally accepted standard for
digital cellular communication. GSM is the name of a standardization group established in
1982 to create a common European mobile telephone standard that would formulate
specifications for a pan-European mobile cellular radio system operating at 900 MHz. It is
estimated that many countries outside of Europe will join the GSM partnership.
What is a Microcontroller?
• All computers have a CPU (central processing unit) that executes programs. If you
are sitting at a desktop computer right now reading this article, the CPU in that
machine is executing a program that implements the Web browser that is displaying
this page.
• The CPU loads the program from somewhere. On your desktop machine, the browser
program is loaded from the hard disk.
• The computer has some RAM (random-access memory) where it can store
"variables."
• And the computer has some input and output devices so it can talk to people. On your
desktop machine, the keyboard and mouse are input devices and the monitor and
printer are output devices. A hard disk is an I/O device -- it handles both input and
output.
The desktop computer you are using is a "general purpose computer" that can run any of
thousands of programs. Microcontrollers are "special purpose computers." Microcontrollers
do one thing well. There are a number of other common characteristics that define
microcontrollers. If a computer matches a majority of these characteristics, then you can call
it a "microcontroller":
For example, the microcontroller inside a TV takes input from the remote control and
displays output on the TV screen. The controller controls the channel selector, the
speaker system and certain adjustments on the picture tube electronics such as tint
and brightness. The engine controller in a car takes input from sensors such as the
oxygen and knock sensors and controls things like fuel mix and spark plug timing. A
microwave oven controller takes input from a keypad, displays output on an LCD
display and controls a relay that turns the microwave generator on and off.
• A microcontroller is often small and low cost. The components are chosen to
minimize size and to be as inexpensive as possible.
• A microcontroller is often, but not always, ruggedized in some way.
On the other hand, a microcontroller embedded inside a VCR hasn't been ruggedized
at all.
The actual processor used to implement a microcontroller can vary widely. For example, the
cell phone shown on Inside a Digital Cell Phone contains a Z-80 processor. The Z-80 is an 8-
bit microprocessor developed in the 1970s and originally used in home computers of the
time. The Garmin GPS shown in How GPS Receivers Work contains a low-power version of
the Intel 80386, I am told. The 80386 was originally used in desktop computers.
In many products, such as microwave ovens, the demand on the CPU is fairly low and price
is an important consideration. In these cases, manufacturers turn to dedicated
microcontroller chips -- chips that were originally designed to be low-cost, small, low-
power, embedded CPUs. The Motorola 6811 and Intel 8051 are both good examples of such
chips. There is also a line of popular controllers called "PIC microcontrollers" created by a
company called Microchip. By today's standards, these CPUs are incredibly minimalistic; but
they are extremely inexpensive when purchased in large quantities and can often meet the
needs of a device's designer with just one chip.
A typical low-end microcontroller chip might have 1,000 bytes of ROM and 20 bytes of
RAM on the chip, along with eight I/0 pins. In large quantities, the cost of these chips can
sometimes be just pennies. You certainly are never going to run Microsoft Word on such a
chip -- Microsoft Word requires perhaps 30 megabytes of RAM and a processor that can run
millions of instructions per second. But then, you don't need Microsoft Word to control a
microwave oven, either. With a microcontroller, you have one specific task you are trying to
accomplish, and low-cost, low-power performance is what is important.
References:
2. Khiyal, Malik Sikandar Hayat Khiyal.SMS Based Wireless Home Appliance Control
System for Automating Appliances and Security.http://iisit.org/Vol6/IISITv6p887-
894Khiyal592.pdf (2009).
3. Microcontroller. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcontroller. (August 2009).
4. SMS Control Systems.(2006-2008). http://www.smscs.co.za/overview.htm
http://www.emo.org.tr/ekler/8808cfb5939be38_ek.pdf
5.Whitehead,Randall, Residential Lighting: A Practical Guide. Wiley and Sons Inc., 2004.