AP Chemistry

Chapter 16: Chemistry of Acids/Bases

Aim: Use representations to explain and predict the acid-base properties of salt solutions Acid/Base Properties of Salts For each compound below, predict the pH of its aqueous solution. Provide a compound formula for each species. Predicted pH (acidic, basic, neutral) Compound Name Compound Formula Tested pH

Ammonium chloride Lead (II) nitrate Potassium nitrate Sodium acetate Sodium bicarbonate Sodium carbonate Sodium chloride Zinc nitrate pH Testing Using the PASCO pH probes, test each pH and record the data in the table above. Look for patterns in the data Consider the cations and anions in each compound separately How do these ions behave in water? What types of ions result in an acidic pH? What types of ions result in a basic pH?

As a group, generate rules that would allow you to predict the pH of salts more accurately.

Effect of Cations and Anions on the pH of Aqueous Solutions In each case, describe the effect and provide an example. 1. An anion that is the conjugate base of a strong acid?

2. An anion that is the conjugate base of a weak acid?

3. A cation of a strong base?

4. A cation that is the conjugate acid of a weak base?

5. Other metal ions will cause a _______________ in pH. What factors affect the degree of acidity?

6. When a solution contains both the conjugate base of a weak acid and the conjugate acid of a weak base, the affect on pH depends on ____________________________________.

Sample Exercises: 1. Determine whether aqueous solutions of each of these salts are acidic, basic, or neutral: a. Ba(CH3COO)2 b. NH4I c. CH3NH3Br d. KCl e. KF f. Al(ClO4)3

2. Indicate which salt in each of the following pairs forms the more acidic (or less basic) 0.010 M solution: a. NaNO3 or Fe(NO3)3 b. KBr or KBrO c. CH3NH3Cl or BaCl2
d.

NH4NO2 or NH4NO3

3. Predict whether the salt Na2HPO4 forms an acidic solution or a basic solution when dissolved in water.(Ka of HPO4-2 = 4.2x10-13; Ka of H2PO4- = 6.2 x 10-8)