Numerical

Reasoning

Problem on Numbers

Problems on Numbers
Arithmetic Progression: The nth term of A.P. is given by Tn = a + (n 1)d

Sum of n terms of A.P S = n/2 *[2a+(n-1)d)]

Geometrical Progression: Tn = arn 1.

Sn = a(rn 1) / (r-1)

Basic Formulae
1. ( a+b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab 2. (a-b)2 = a2 +b2 -2ab 3. ( a+b)2 - (a b)2 = 4ab 4. (a+b)2 + (a b)2 = 2 (a2 +b2) 5. (a2 b2) = (a+b) (a-b) 6. (a+b+c)2 =a2 +b2 +c2 + 2(ab +bc+ca) 7. (a3 +b3) = ( a+b) (a2 ab +b2) 8. (a3 b3) = (a-b) (a2 +ab + b2)

Problem - 1
A 2 digit number is 3 times the sum of its digits if 45 is added to the number. Its digits are interchanged. The sum of digits of the number is?

Solution
The number is 3 times the sum of its digits 45 is added = 4 +5 = 9 So, common numbers in 3 and 9th table. 9, 18, 27, 36, 45. 27 + 45 = 72 2 + 7 = 9 or 4 + 5 = 9

Problem - 2
A number when divided by 119 leaves a remainder of 19. If it is divided by 17. It will leave a remainder of?

Solution
= 19/17 = 2 remainder

Problem - 3
A boy was asked to find the value of 3/8 of sum of money instead of multiplying the sum by 3/8 he divided it by 8/3 and then his answer by Rs.55. Find the correct answer?

Solution
8/3 3/8 = 55/24 = 55/55/24 = 24

Problem - 4
A man spends 2/5rd of his earning. 1/4th of the expenditure goes to food, 1/5th on rent, 2/5th on travel and rest on donations. If his total earning is Rs.5000, find his expenditure on donations?

Solution
5000*2/5 = 2000 Remaining amount has given as donation 2000* (1/5 + 2/5 + ) Total amount = 200*17/20 = 1700 2000 1700 = 300

Problem - 5
From a group of boys and girls 15 girls leave. There are then left, 2 boys for each girl. After this 45 boys leave, there are then left 5 girls for each boy, find the number of girls in the beginning?

Solution
15 girls leave = 2 boys for each girl 45 boys leave = 5 girls fro 1 boy Let the boys be x; Girls = x/2 +15 After the boys have left, No.of boys = x 45 and girls = 5(x-45) x/2 = 5(x-45) X = 2(5x-22) X = 10x 450 X =50 50/2 +15 =40

Problem - 6
An organization purchased 80 chairs fro Rs.9700. For chairs of better quality they paid Rs.140 each and for each of the lower grade chair they paid Rs.50 less. How many better quality chairs did the organization buy?

Solution
Better quality chairs = x; Lower quality = 80 x Price of better quality = Rs.140, Lower quality = 140-50 = 90 140*x + 90(80-x) = 9700 140x + 7200 90x = 9700 50x = 9700 7200; 50x = 2500 X = 50

Problem - 7
A labour is engaged for 30 days, on the condition that Rs.50 will be paid for everyday he works and Rs.15 will be deducted from his wages for everyday he is absent from work. At the end of 30 days he received Rs.850 in all. For how many days did he wanted?

Solution
Total wages = 30*50 = 1500 (without Absent) Wages received in 30 days = 850 (with Absent) Let the labourer work for x days Absent = 30 x 50x (30-x)15 = 850 50x -450 +15x = 850 65x = 1300 X = 1300/65 = 20 days

Problem - 8
The rent is charged at Rs.50 per day for first 3 days Rs.100 per day next 5 days, and 300 per day thereafter. Registration fee is 50 at the beginning. If a person had paid Rs.1300 for his stay how many days did he stay?

Solution
3 days = 150 + 50 = 200 5 days = 100*5 = 500 = 200 + 500 = 700 1300 700 = 600 2 days = 300*2 = 600 = 5 + 3 + 2 = 10 days

Problem - 9
In a school 20% of students are under the age of 8 years. The number of girls above the age of 8 years is 2/3 of the number of boys above the age of 8 years and amount to 48. What is the total number of students in the school?

Solution
Girls above 8 yrs = 48 Boys above 8 yrs = 48 / 2/3 80% of students above 8 yrs = 48 + 72 = 120 80 120 20 x 80x = 120*20 X = 120*20/80 = 30 Total No.of students = 120+30 = 150

Ratio and Proportion

Ratio and Proportion

Ratio : Relationship between two variables. =a:b Proportion : Relationship between two ratios. =a:b::c:d Proportion Calculation = a*d : b*c

Problem - 1
The ratio of number of boys to that of girls in a school is 3:2. If 20% boys and 25% of girls are scholarship holders, find the percentage of the school students who are not scholarship holders?

Solution
Let the total number of students be 100 Boys = 100*3/5 = 60 Girls = 100*2/5 = 40 S. holders = 60*20/100 = 12, non S. holders = 60 -12 = 48 Girls s. holders = 40*25/100 = 10, Non s. holders = 40 10 = 30 Students who do not have scholarship = 48 + 30 = 78 78/100*100 = 78%

Problem - 2
The cost of diamond varies as the square of its weight. A diamond weighing 10 decigrams costs Rs. 32000. Find the loss incurred when it breaks into two pieces whose weights are in the ratio 2:3?

Solution
1st piece = 10*2/5 = 4 2nd piece = 10*3/5 = 6 Cost of the diamond varies as square of its weight 42 : 62 102 = 100k 16k : 36k 100k 52 k = 48k(loss) 100k = 32000; k = 320 48*320 = 15360

Problem - 3
The ratio of the first and second class fares between two railway stations 4 : 1 and the ratio of the number of passengers traveling by first and second class is 1:40. If the total of Rs.1100 is collected as fare from passengers of both classes what was the amount collected from first class passengers?

Solution
Fare = 4 : 1 Passengers traveling = 1 : 40 Amount = No. pas * fare = 4*1 :10*1 = 4 : 40 = 1:10 Total amount = 1100. First class passengers amount = 1*1100/11 = 100

Problem - 4
A vessel contains a mixture of water and milk in the ratio 1:2 and another vessel contains the mixture in the ratio 3:4. Taking 1 kg each from both mixtures a new mixture is prepared. What will be the ratio of water and milk in the new mixture?

Solution
1st vessel = water = 1/3 , milk = 2/3 2nd vessel = water = 3/7, milk = 4/7 Water = 1/3 + 3/7 = 16/21 Milk = 2/3 + 4/7 = 26/21 16 : 26 = 8:13

Problem - 5
Ratio of the income of A, B, C last year 3 : 4 : 5. The ratio of their individual incomes of last year and this year are 4:5, 2:3 and 3:4 respectively. If the sum of their present income is Rs.78,800. Find the present individual income of A, B and C.

Solution
As Present Income = 5/4*3x = 15x/4 Bs Present Income = 3/2*4x = 12x/2 Cs Present Income = 4/7*5x = 20x/7 15x/4 + 6x+20x/3 = 78,800 197x/12 = 78,800 X = 945600/197 X = 4,800 As Present income = 15x/4 = 15*4800/4 = 18,000 Bs Present income = 6*x = 6*4,800 = 28,800 Cs Present income = 20x/3 = 20*4800/3 = 32,000

Problem - 6
Of the three numbers, the ratio of the first and the second is 8:9 and that of the second and third is 3:4. If the product of the first and third numbers is 2,400, then find the second number?

Solution
a:b=8:9 b:c=3:4 b : c = 3*3 : 4*3 = 9 : 12 a : b : c = 8 : 9 : 12 Product of first and third = 8k * 12k = 2400 96k2 = 2400; k2 = 2400/96 = 25 k=5 Second number = 9 * 5 = 45

Problem - 7
Annual income of A and B are in the ratio of 4 : 3 and their annual expenses are in the ratio 3 : 2. If each of them saves Rs.600 at the end of the year, what is the annual income of A?

Solution
Income = 4 : 3, Expenses = 3 : 2 Savings 600 each As income = 4x, expenses = 3x, savings = x i.e 600 Income = 4*600 : 3*600 A : B = 2400 : 1800 A income = 2400

Problem - 8
The property of a man was divided among his wife, son and daughter according to his will as follows. Wifes hare is equal to 6/7th of sons share and daughter share is equal of 4/7th of Sons. If the son and daughter together receives Rs.1,02,300. How much does his wife get?

Solution
Let the Sons share be x. Daughters share = x*4/7 = 4x/7 Wifes share = x* 6/7 = 6x/7 X + 4x/7 = 1,02,300 7x + 4x = 1,02,300 X = 1,02,300 /11 = 65,100 Wife Share = 65,100 *6/7 = Rs. 55, 800

Problem - 9
A pot containing 81 litres of pure milk of the milk 1/3 is replaced by the same amount of water. Again 1/3 of the mixture is replaced by the same amount of water. Find the ratio of milk to water in the new mixture?

Solution
Initial = 1/3 removed = 1/3 mixture =

Milk 81 54 36

: Water : 0 : 27 : 45

Ratio of Milk and Water = 4 : 5

Problem - 10
729 ml of mixture contains milk and water are in the ratio 7 : 2. How much more water is to be added to get a new mixture containing milk and water in the ratio of 7 : 3.

Solution
Water = 729 * 2/9 = 162 Ratio Water 2 162 3 x 2x = 3*162/2 = 243 243 161 = 81 ml water is to be added

Problem - 11
Price of a scooter and a television set are in the ratio 3 : 2. If the scooter costs Rs.600 more than the television set, then find the price of television?

Solution
Diff. in ratio = 3 2 = 1 1 ratio is 600 means, the television cost is 2 ratio so, cost of television = 1200

Problem - 12
The annual income and expenditure of man and his wife are in the ratio of 5:3 and 3:1 respectively, if they decide to save equally and find their balance is 4000. Find their income at the end of the year?

Solution
Man and Wife income = 5 : 3 = 2 (diff) Man and Wife Expenses = 3 : 1 = 2 (diff) so, both of them are saving ratio of 2 Total saving of Man and Women = 4000, individual saving 2000
So, Man income = 5000 and Women income = 3000

Problem - 13
In a class room, of the boys are above 160 cm in height and they are in 18 number. Also out of the total strength, the boys are only 2/3 and the rest are girls. Find the total number of girls in a class?

Solution
of the boys in 18 numbers means, of the boys = 6 Total number of boys = 18+6 = 24 Ratio Number 2/3 24 1/3 x 2/3*x = 24*1/3 x = 24/2 = 12 Girls

Problem - 14
Rs. 770 was divided among A, B and C such that
A receives 2/ 9th of what B and C together receive. Find As share?

Solution
A = 2/9 (B+C) B+C =9A/2 A+B+C = 770 A + 9A/2 = 770 11A = 770*2 A = 140

Problem - 15
A sporting goods store ordered an equal number of white and yellow balls. The tennis ball company delivered 45 extra white balls making the ratio of white balls to yellow balls

1/5 : 1/6. How many white tennis balls did the

store originally order for?

Solution
Let the number of yellow balls be x
(x + 45) : x = 1/5 : 1/6 Solving the above equation,

The number of white balls originally ordered

would be = 225 balls

Alligation and Mixture

Alligation and Mixture

Alligation : It is the rule that enables us to find the ratio in which two or more ingredients at the given price must be mixed to produce a mixture of a desired price.
(Quantity of cheaper / Quantity of costlier)

(C.P. of costlier) (Mean price)

= -------------------------------------(Mean price) (C.P. of cheaper)

Alligation or Mixture
Cost of Cheaper c Cost of costlier d

Cost of Mixture m

d-m

m-c

(Cheaper quantity) : (Costlier quantity) = (d m) : (m c)

Problem -1
Three glasses of size 3 lit, 4 lit and 5 lit contain mixture of milk and water in the ratio of 2:3, 3:7 and 4:11 respectively. The content of all the three glasses are poured into a single vessel. Find the ratio of milk and water in the resulting mixture.

Solution
1st Vessel
= Milk = 3*2/5 = 6/5 = Water = 3*3/5 = 9/5 2nd Vessel: = Milk = 4*3/10 = 12/10 = Water = 4*7/10 = 28/10 3rd Vessel: = Milk = 5*4/15 = 20/15 = Water = 5*11/15 = 55/15 Milk : Water = 6/5 +12/10 + 20/15 : 9/5 + 28/10 + 55/15 = 18/15 + 18/15 +20/15 : 27/15 + 42/15+55/15 = 56 : 124 (or) 14:31

Problem - 2
How many kg of tea worth Rs. 25 per kg must be blended with 30 kg tea worth Rs. 30 per kg, so that by selling the blended variety at Rs.30 per kg there should be a gain of 10%?

Solution
30*100/110 = 300/11 25 300/11
30/11 30 : 6 : 36 : 30

25/11

25 5 30kg

Problem - 3
A man buys cows for Rs. 1350 and sells one so as to lose 6% and the other so as to gain 7.5% and on the whole he neither gains nor loses. How much does each cow cost?

Solution
6
0

7.5 6 12

7.5 15 5 : 4 1350*5/9 = 750 1350 *4/9 = 600

Problem - 4
There are 65 students in a class, 39 rupees are distributed among them so that each boy gets 80p and each girl gets 30p. Find the number of boys and girls in a class.

Solution
Girls 30 60 Boys 80

20 2 : 65*2/5 = 26 65*3/5 = 39

30
3

Problem - 5
A person covers a distance 100 kms in 10 hr Partly by walking at 7 km per hour and rest by running at 12 km per hour. Find the distance covered in each part.

Solution
Speed = Distance / Time = 100 / 10 = 10 7 12 10 2 : 3 Time taken in 7 km/hr = 10 * 2/5 = 4 4*7 = 28 km Time taken in 12 km/hours = 10*3/5 = 6 12*6 = 72 km

Problem - 6
A merchant has 100 kg of salt, part of which

he sells at 7% profit and the rest at 17% profit.

He gains 10% on the whole. Find the quantity

sold at 17% profit?

Solution
7 17

10
(17-10) (10-7) 7 : 3 The quantity of 2nd kind = 3/10 of 100kg = 30kg

Problem - 7
In what ratio two varieties of tea one costing Rs. 27 per kg and the other costing Rs. 32 per kg should be blended to produce a blended variety of tea worth Rs. 30 per kg. How much should be the quantity of second variety of tea, if the first variety is 60 kg?

Solution
27 30 2 Quantity of cheaper tea Quantity of superior tea 3 = 2 3 32

Quantity of cheaper tea =2*x/5 = 60 , x=150 Quantity of superior tea = 3 * 150/5 = 90 kg

Problem - 8
A 3-gallon mixture contains one part of S and two parts of R. In order to change it to mixture

containing 25% S how much R should be added?

Solution
R : S 2 : 1 75% : 25% 3 : 1 1 gallon of R should be added.

Problem - 9
Three types of tea A,B,C costs Rs. 95/kg, Rs. 100/kg. and Rs 70/kg respectively. How many kg of each should be blended to produce 100 kg of mixture worth Rs.90/kg given that the quantities of B and C are equal?

Solution
B+C/2 85 A
95 90

5 5 Ratio is 1:1 so A = 50 ,

B + C = 50

The quantity would be 50 : 25 : 25

Problem - 10
In what proportion water must be added to spirit to gain 20% by selling it at the cost price?

Solution
Profit%=20% Let C.P =S.P= Rs.10 Then
0 25/3 CP=100/(100+P%)SP =25/3 10

5/3
The ratio is 1: 5

25/3

Problem - 11
In an examination out of 480 students 85% of the girls and 70% of the boys passed. How many boys appeared in the examination if total pass percentage was 75%

Solution
Solution: 70
75 10 5 85

Number of Boys = 480 * 10/15 Number of Boys = 320

Problem - 12
A painter mixes blue paint with white paint so that the mixture contains 10% blue paint. In a mixture of 40 litre paint how many litre of blue paint should be added, so that the mixture contains 20% of blue paint?

Solution
Quantity of blue paint in the mixture = 10% of 40 40*10/100 = 4 40 4 = 36 litre Let x litre blur paint can be mixed 4+x/30 = 20/80 = 4+x = 9 x=5

Problem - 13
From a 100 litre mixture containing water and milk equal proportion, 10 litres of mixture is replaced by 10 litres of water in succession twice. At the end, what is the ratio of milk and water?

Solution
Milk 10 lit(1st) 50 45 45 2nd 10 lit 40.5 Add Water 40.5 81
: : : : : :

Water 50 45 55 49.5 59.5 119

Problem - 14
In a mixture of 400 gms, 80% is copper, sliver is 20%. How much copper is to be added, so that the new mixture has 84% copper?

Solution
400*80/100 = 320 Copper 400*20/100 = 80 Sliver Percen Mixture 80 320 84 x = 320*84/80 = 336 (320+x) = (400+x) 84/100 320+x = 400+84/100 + 84x/100 16x/100 = 336 320; 16x/100 = 16; x = 100

Problem - 15
A jar full of whisky contains 50% alcohol. A part of this whisky is replaced by another containing 30% alcohol and now the percentage of alcohol was found to be 35%. Find the quantity of whisky replaced?

Solution
50 5 5 : 15 = 1 : 3 Replaced = 3/4
35 :

30 15

Partnership

Type - 1
A invest = 10000 B invest = 15000 Profit = 5000 Find their Individual Share ? A : B = 10000 : 15000 = 2 : 3 As Share = 5000*2/5 = 2000 Bs Share = 5000*3/5 = 3000 This is a first and basic step for any Partnership Problem.

Type - 2
A invest = 5000, After 3 months B joined A, with an investment of 3000 Profit at the end of the year = 3500 Find their Share ? Any thing happen after a month, like a person joining a business, or withdraw from business or withdraw some amount means given amount is for month. Cont

Type - 2
A : B = 5000 : 3000 = 5*12 : 3*9 = 60 : 27 = 20 : 9
As share = 3500*20/29 = 2413.7 Bs Share = 3500*9/29 = 1086.3

Type - 3
A invest 5000 B invest 6000 After 3 months A withdraw amount 1000, after 5 months a withdraw amount 1000 again. Profit at the end of the Year = 5000 Find their Share ? A = 5*3 + 4*5 + 3*4 = 15 +20 + 12 = 47 B = 6*12 = 72

Type - 3
As share = 5000* 47/119 = 1974.8

Bs share = 5000*72/119 = 3025.2

Type - 4
A invest twice as much as B, B invest 1/3rd of C. At the end of the year their Profit is 6000. Find their Share? A = 2B B = 1/3C C=x A : B : C = 2x/3 : x/3 : x A : B : C = 2x/3 : x/3 : 3x /3 A:B:C=3:2:6 As Share = 6000*3/11 = 1636 Bs Share = 6000*2/11 = 1091 Cs Share = 6000*6/11 = 3273

Problem - 1
A, B and C started a business in partnership by investing Rs.12000 each. After 6 months, C left and after 4 months D joined with his capital of Rs.24,000. At the end of a year, a profit of Rs.8,500 shared among all the partners. Find Bs share?

These are all the basic types remaining we will see when we solve problems.

Solution
A : B : C : D 12000 : 12000 : 12000 : 24000 1 : 1 : 1 : 2 1*12 : 1*12 : 1*6 : 2*2 12 : 12: 6 : 4 6 : 6 : 3 : 2 Bs share = 6/17*8500 = 3000

Problem - 2
A, B and C enter into partnership. A contributes one third of the capital while B contributes as much as A and C together contributed. If the profit at the end of the year amounted to Rs.840. What would be Bs share?

Solution
As share = 1/3 of the capital As share = 1/3*840 = 280 Bs share = A + C = 280 + x A + B + C = 840 280 + 280 + x + x = 840 560 + 2x = 840 2x = 840 560 X = 140 Bs share = 280+140 = 420

Problem - 3
Akilesh and Jaga enter into a partnership. Akilesh contributing Rs.8000 and Jaga contributing Rs.10000. At the end of 6 months they introduce Prakash, who contributes Rs.6000. After the lapse of 3 years, they find that he firm has made a profit of Rs.9660. Find Prakashs share?

Solution
Akilesh : Jaga : Prakash 8 : 10 : 6 4 : 5 : 3 4*36 : 5836 : 3*30 144 : 180 : 90 8 : 10 : 5 Prakashs share = 9660*5/23 = 2100

Problem - 4
Priya and Vijay enter into partnership. Priya supplies whole of the capital amounting to Rs.45,000 with the conditions that the profit are to be equally divided and that Vijay pays Priya interest on half of the capital of 10% p.a. but receives Rs.120 per month for carrying on the concern. Find their total yearly profit. When Vijays income is one half of Priyas income?

Solution
45,000 *1/2 = 22,500 22,500 *10//100 = 2250 (interest p.a) Vijay receives Rs.120 per month = 120*12 = 1440 Total profit be x Ratio of Profit sharing = 1 : 1 Priyas income = x/2+2250 Vijays income = x/2 2250 +1440 1 Priya = Vijay Priya Income = Twice of Vijay income x/2 + 2250 = 2(x/2 2250 +1440) X+4500/2 = 2(x/2 810) X+4500/2 = x 1620 = x +4500 = 2x 3240 X = 7740 Total Profit of the year = 7740+1440 = 9,180

Problem - 5
Revathy and Shiva are partners sharing profits in the ratio of 2:1. They admit Pooja into partnership giving her 1/5th share in profits which she acquires from Revathy and Shiva in the ratio of 1:2. Calculate the new profit sharing ratio?

Solution
Pooja gets her share of 1/5th of total share of Profit from Revathy and Shiva in the ratio 1 : 2 From Revathy = 1/3*1/5 = 1/15 From Shiva = 2/3*1/5 = 2/15 Total Pooja share = 1/15+2/15 = 3/15 = 1/15 Revathy share = 2/3 1/15 = 9/15 Shiva share = 1/3 2/15 = 3/15 Shares = Revathy : Shiva : Pooja = 3 : 1 : 1

Problem - 6
A and B started a partnership business investing some amount in the ratio of 3 : 5. C joined them after six months with an amount equal to that of B. In what proportion should the profit at the end of 1 year be distributed among A, B and C?

Solution
Let the investment, 3 : 5 : 5 3*12: 5*12 : 5*6 36 : 60 : 30 6 : 10 : 5

Problem - 7
If 4(As capital) = 6(Bs capital) = 10 (Cs capital) then out of a profit of rs.4650. Find Cs share?

Solution
Let the unknown value be x x/4 : x/6 : x/10 15x/60 : 10x/60 :6x/60 15 : 10 : 6 Cs share = 6/31*4650 = Rs. 900

Problem - 8
A, B, C subscribe Rs.50,000 fro business. A subscribes Rs.4000 more than B and B Rs.5000 more than C. Out of total profit of Rs.35,000. Find As share?

Solution
C = x, B = x + 5000 A = x+5000+4000 = x + 9000 x +x+5000 +x+9000 = 50000 3x+14000 = 50000 3x = 50000 14000 3x = 36000, x = 12000 C : B : A 12000 : 17000 : 21000 A = 35000*21/50 = 14,700

Problem - 9
A and B are partners in a business, A contributes of he capital for 15 months and B received 2/3 of the profit. For how long Bs money was used?

Solution
B = 2/3 A = 1/3 A : B = 1/3 : 2/3 = 1 : 2 Investment 1/4x+15 : 3/4x*y 15x/4 : 3xy/4 15x/4 : 3xy/4 : : 1 : 2 30x/4 = 3xy/4 Y = 30x/4 * 4/3x = 10 months

Problem - 10
A, B and C invests Rs.4,000, Rs.5,000 and Rs.6,000 respectively in a business and A gets 25% of profit for managing the business and the rest of the profit is divided by A, B and C in proportion to their investment. If in a year, A gets Rs.200 less than B and C together, what was the total profit for the year?

Solution
Total Profit = 100 25% for managing the business = 100 25 = 75% A : B : C 4000 : 5000 : 6000 4 : 5 : 6 4x : 5x : 6x = 25x 100*15x/75 = 20x A gets 4x + 25% of 20x = 4x + 20x *25/100 = 9x B = 5x, C = 6x (5x + 6x) 9x = 200 11x 9x = 200 2x = 200; x = 100 Total Profit 20x = 20*100 = 2000

Problem - 11
A and B entered into partnership with capitals in the ratio of 4 : 5. After 3 months, A withdraw of his capital and B withdraw 1/5 of his capital. The gain at the end of 10 months was Rs.760. Find the share of B?

Solution
A : B 4 : 5 4000 : 5000 As share = 4000*1/4 = 4000 1000 = 3000 Bs share = 5000*1/5 = 5000 1000 = 4000 A : B 3*4+3*7 : 5*3 +4*7 12 + 21 : 15+28 33 : 43 60*43/76 = 430

Problem - 12
Rs. 1290 is divided between A, B and C. So, that As share is 1 times Bs and Bs share is 1 times C. What is Cs share?

Solution
A : B = 1 : 1 = 3/2 : 1 = 3 : 2 B : C = 1 : 1 = 7/4 : 1 = 7 : 4 A :B :C =3*7(A) : 2*7(B) : 7*2(B) : 4*2(C) = 21 : 14 : 8 B = 1290*8/43 = Rs.240

Problem - 13
A man starts a business with a capital of Rs.90000 and employs an assistant. From the yearly profit he keeps an amount equal to 4 of his capital and pay 35% of the remainder of the profits. Find how much the assistant receives in a year, in which profit is Rs.30,000.

Solution
Investment = 90,000 4 of investment = 9/2/100*90000 = Rs.4050 Profit = 30,000 4050 = 25,950 35/100*25,950 =9082.50

Problem - 14
A and B invest in a business in the ratio 3 : 2. If
5% of the total profit goes to charity and As share is Rs. 855, what is the total profit %?

Solution
Let the total profit be Rs. 100 After paying charity As share = 3/5 *95 = 57 If As share is Rs. 57, the total profit is 100 If As share is Rs. 855, the total profit is 100 * 855/57 = Rs. 1500 The total profit = Rs. 1500

Problem - 15
A,B,C entered into a partnership by making an investment in the ratio of 3 : 5 : 7. After a year C invested another Rs. 337600 while A withdrew Rs. 45600. The ratio of investments then changed into 24: 59 : 167. How much did A invest initially?

Solution
Solution: Let the investments of A, B, and C be 3x, 5x, 7x (3x 45600) : 5x : (7x + 337600) = 24 : 59 : 167 (3x 45600)/5x = 24/59 x = 47200 Initial investment of A = 47200 * 3 = Rs. 141600

Problems on Age

Problem - 1
The age of the Father is 4 times the age of his Son. If 5 years ago, Fathers age was 7 times the age of his Son, what is the Fathers present age?

Solution
F = 4S F - 5 = 7(S - 5) 4S 5 = 7S 35 3S = 30 S = 10 Fathers age = 4* 10 = 40 years

Problem - 2

The age of Mr. Gupta is four times the age of his Son. After Ten years, the age of Mr. Gupta will be only twice the age of his Son. Find the present age of Mr. Guptas Son.

Solution
G = 4S G + 10 = 2 ( S + 10) 4S + 10 = 2S + 20 2S = 10 S=5 Sons Age = 5 years

Problem - 3
10 years ago Anus mother was 4 times older than her daughter. After 10 years, the mother will be twice as old as her daughter. Find the present age of Anu.

Solution
Ten years before: M 10 = 4(A 10 ) M 10 = 4A 40 M = 4A 40 + 10 M = 4A 30 Ten Years After: M + 10 = 2(A + 10) M + 10 = 2A + 20 M = 2A + 20 10 M = 2A + 10 4A 30 = 2A + 10 2A = 10 + 30 2A = 40: Anus Age = 20

Problem 4
The sum of the ages of A and B is 42 years. 3 years back, the ages of A was 5 times the age of B. Find the difference between the present ages of A and B?

Solution
A + B = 42 A = 42 B A 3 = 5 ( B 3) A 3 = 5B 15 42 B 3 = 5B 15 42 3 + 15 = 5B + B 54 = 6B B = 54 /6 = 9 A = 42 B; A = 42 9 = 33 Difference in their ages = 33 9 = 24 Years

Problem - 5
The sum of the ages of a son and father is 56 years. After 4 years, the age of the father will be 3 times that of the son. Find their respective ages?

Solution
F + S= 56 S = 56 F F + 4 = 3 (S + 4) F + 4 = 3 (56 F + 4) F + 4 = 168 3F + 12 4F = 168 + 12 4 4F = 176 ; F = 44 S = 56 F ; S = 56 44 = 12 Father Age = 44; Son Age = 12

Problem 6

The ratio of the ages of father and son at present is 6:1. After 5 years, the ratio will become 7:2. Find the Present age of the son.

Solution
6x + 5/x + 5 = 7/2 12x + 10 = 7x + 35 12x 7x = 35 10 5x = 25 x = 25 / 5 x = 5 years Son age = 1* 5 = 5 years

Problem - 7

The ages of Ram and Shyam differ by 16 years. Six years ago, Shyams age was thrice as that of Rams. Find their present ages?

Solution
S = R + 16 S 6 = 3(R 6) S 6 = 3R 18 R + 16 6 = 3R 18 R + 10 = 3R 18 2R = 28 ; R = 14 Shyams Age = 14 + 16 = 30.

Problem - 8

A mans age is 125% of what it was 10 years ago, 83 1/3% of what it will be after 10 years. What is his present age?

Solution
Let the age be x 125% of (x 10) = 83 1/3 % of (x +10) 125/100 * x 10 = 250/ 300 * x +10 5/4 x 10 = 5/6 x 10 5x / 4 5x / 6 = 50/6 + 50/4 5x /12 = 250/12 5x = 250 ; x = 50 years

Problem - 9
3 years ago, the average age of a family of 5 members was 17. A baby having born, the average age of the family is the same today. What is the age of the child?

Solution
Average age of 5 members = 17 Total age of 5 members = 17*5 = 85 3 years later, the age of 5 members will be = 85 + 15 = 100 100 + x / 6 = 17 100 + x = 17*6 100 + x = 102 x = 102 100 = 2 years

Problem - 10
The sum of the age of father and his son is 100 years now. 5 years ago their ages were in the ratio of 2 : 1. The ratio of the ages of father and his son after 10 years will be?

Solution
F + S = 100 5 years ago 2 : 1 5 years ago F + S = 100 10 = 90 90*2/3 = 60 : 30 Present age = 65 : 35 10 years ago = 75 : 45 =5:3

Problem - 11
Six years ago, Sushils age was triple the age of Snehal. Six years later, Sushils age will be 5/3 of the age of Snehal. What is the present age of Snehal?

Solution
Six years ago, Snehal = x; Sushil = 3x Six years later, 3x + 6+6 = 5/3(x+6+6) 9x +36 = 5x+60 4x = 60 36 X=6 Present Age of Snehal = 6+6 = 12 years

Problem - 12
Susan got married 6 years ago. Today her age is 1 times that at the time of her marriage. Her son is 1/6 as old as she today. What is the age of her son?

Solution
6 years ago Susan got married. So her sons age will be less than 6 years. Let as consider, her sons age is 5 years. Susans Age is 5*6 = 30 yrs, since the son is 1/6th of Susans age. 6 years ago her age must have been 24 yrs 24*1 = 24*5/4 = 30 yrs As it satisfies the conditions her sons age is 5 years

Problem - 13
My brother is 3 years elder to me. My father was 28 years of age when my sister was born, while my mother was 26 years of age, when I was born. If my sister was 4 years of age when my brother was born, then, what was the age of my father and mother respectively when my brother was born?

Solution
My brother was born 3 years before I was born and 4 years after my sister was born Fathers age when brother was born = 28 + 4 = 32 years Mothers age when brother was born = 26 3 = 23 years

Problem - 14
If 6 years are subtracted from the present age of Gagan and the reminder is divided by 18, then the present age of his grandson Aunp is obtained. If Anup is 2 years younger to Madan whose age is 5 years, then what is Gagans present age?

Solution
Anups age = 5 2 = 3 years Let Gagans age be x = x 6 / 18 = 3 x 6 = 3*18 ; x 6 = 54 x = 54 + 6 Gagans age = 60

Problem - 15
Ramus grandfather says, Ram, I am now 30 years older than your father. 15 years ago, I was 2 times as old as your father. How old is the grandfather now?

Solution
Let the fathers age be x. Grandfathers age will be 30 + x 15 years ago, X + 30 15 = 5/2 (x 15) X + 15 = 5/2 (x 15) 2x + 30 = 5x 75 105 = 3x X = 105 / 3 = 35 Grandfathers age = 35 + 30 = 65

Average

Average
Average Sum of Quantities Number of Quantities Sum of quantities = Average*Number of Quantities. Number of quantities = Sum of Quantities Average =

Problem - 1
The average age of a class of 22 students is 21 years. The average increases by 1 when the teachers age is also included. What is the age of the teacher?

Solution
Total age of the students be x x/22 = 21; x = 21*22= 462 Teachers age is also included x/23 = 22; x = 22*23 = 506 Total age of 23 people Total age of 22 people will be the age of teacher 506 462 = 44 years The age of teacher = 44

Problem - 2
The average of 7 numbers is 25. The average of first three of them is 20 while the last three is 28. What must be the remaining number?

Solution
Average of 7 numbers = 25, Sum of 7 numbers = 25* 7 = 175 Avg. of first three numbers = 20, 20* 3 = 60 Avg. of last three numbers = 28, 28*3 = 84 The 4th number = 175 (60+84) = 175 144 = 31

Problem - 3
The average age of a team of 10 people remains the same as it was 3 years ago, when a young person replaces one of the member. How much younger was he than the person whose place he took?

Solution
Let Average be x 10 members Average = 10x Average of 10 members (including new one) is same as it was 3 yrs ago. Now 10*3 = 30 years have increased, so a person of 30 years should have replaced to keep the average as same.

Problem - 4
The average age of a couple was 26 years at that time of their marriage. After 11 years of marriage the average age of the family with 3 children become 19 years. What is the average age of the Children?

Solution
Average of parents ages is 26, sum= 26*2 = 52 Parents age after 11 years = 52 +22 = 74 Average age of Family = 19, Sum = 19*5 = 95 Sum of familys age Sum of parents age = 95 74 = 21 Sum of the ages of 3 children = 21, Average Age = 21/3 = 7 yrs

Problem - 5
9 members went to a hotel for taking meals. Eight of them spent Rs. 12 each on their meals and the ninth person spent Rs. 8 more than the average expenditure of all the nine. What was the total money spent by them?

Solution
Average = x/9 Amount Spent by 8 members = 12 * 8 = 96 96 + x/9 + 8 = x 104 = x x/9 104 = 8x/9 8x = 104 *9 = 936 x = 936/8 = 117

Problem - 7
A batsman makes a score of 87 runs in the 17th inning and thus increases his average by 3. Find his average after 17th innings?

Solution
17th innings avg. = x, Runs = 17x 16th innings avg. = x -3, Runs = 16 (x -3) 16 (x-3) + 87 = 17x 16x 48 +87 = 17x X = 39

Problem - 7
There are 24 students in a class. One of them, who was 18 yrs old left the class and his place was filled up by the newcomer. If the average of the class thereby was lowered by one month, what is the age of the newcomer?

Solution
Average reduced by 1 month, 24 * 1 = 2 years So, the newcomers age is 18 -2 = 16 years

Problem - 8
The average of marks in mathematics for 5 students was found to be 50. Later, it was discovered that in the case of one student the mark 48 was misread as 84. What is the correct average?

Solution
Difference = 84 48 = 36 36 /5 = 7.2 (Increased) The corrected average = 50 7.2 = 42.8

Problem - 9
The average salary of all the workers in a factory is Rs. 8000. The average salary of 7 technicians is Rs. 12000 and the average salary of the rest is Rs. 6000. What is the total number of workers in the factory?

Solution
Members Avg. 7 12000 X 6000 6x = 7*12 X = 7812/6 = 14 Total no. of workers = 7 + 14 = 21

Problem - 10
Average salary of all the 50 employees including 5 officers of the company is Rs. 850. If the average salary of the officers is 2500, find the average salary of the remaining staff of the company.

Solution
x/50 = 850; x = 42,500 5 officers salary = 2500*5 = 12500 50 5 members = 42500 12500 45 members = 30000 Avg. salary of 45 members = 30000/45 = 667(App)

Problem - 11
Find the average of 8 consecutive odd numbers 21,23,25,27,29,31,33,35

Solution
1st number + last Number /2 = 21 + 35 /2 = 28

Problem - 12
A train covers 50% of the journey at 30 km/hr, 25% of the journey at 25 km/hr, and the remaining at 20 km/hr. Find the average speed of the train during entire journey.

Solution
Total Journey = 100 km S = Distance / Time = 100 / 5/3 + 1/1 + 5/4 = 100 * 12 /20+12+15 = 1200/47 = 25 25/47 km/hr

Problem - 13
The average of 10 numbers is 7. What will be the new average if each number is multiplied by 8?

Solution
If numbers are multiplied by 8, Average also to be multiplied by 8 = 7*8 = 56 {or} x/10 = 7 x = 10*7 = 70 = 70* 5 = 560 /10 = 56

Problem - 14
The mean marks of 10 boys in a class is 70% whereas the mean marks of 15 girls is 60%. What is the mean marks of all 25 students?

Solution
Boys = x/10 = 70 = 700 Girls = x/15 = 60 = 900 10 + 15 = 700 + 900 25 = 1600 1600/25 = 64%

Problem - 15
Of the three numbers the first is twice the second and the second is thrice the third. If the average of the three numbers is 10, what are the numbers?

Solution
A = 2x B=x C = x/3 2x + x + x/3/3 = 10 6x + 3x + x /9 = 10 6x + 3x + x = 90 10x = 90 ; x = 9. A = 18, B = 9, C = 3

Percentage

Percentage
By a certain Percent, we mean that many hundredths.

Thus, x Percent means x hundredths, written as x%

Percentage
Finding out of Hundred. If Length is increased by X% and Breadth is decreased by Y% What is the percentage Increase or Decrease in Area of the rectangle? Formula: X+Y+ XY/100 % Decrease 20% means -20

Problem -1
When 75% of the Number is added to 75%, the result is the same number. What is the number?

Solution
Percentage Number 75 x+75 100 x 100x + 7500 = 75x 25x = 7500 x = 300

Problem - 2
A tank is full of milk. Half of the milk is sold and the tank is filled with water. Again half of the mixture is sold and the tank is filled with water. This operation is repeated thrice. Find the percentage of milk in the tank after the third operation?

Solution
Milk Water 100 0 50 50(1st) 25 75 (2nd) 12.5 87.5 (3rd) After 3 operation Milk 12.5%

Problem 3
A large water-melon weighs 20kg with 96% of its weight being water. It is allowed to stand in the sun and some of the water evaporates so that now, only 95% of its weight is water. What will be its reduced weight?

Solution
20 *96/100=19.2kg of water Let the evaporated water be x 19.2-x=95%(20-x) 19.2-x=95(20-x)/100 1920-100x=1900-95x 5x=20 ;x=4 20-4=16kg.

Problem 4
The population of a city is 155625. For every1000 men, there are 1075 women. If 40% of men and 24% of women be literate, then what is the percentage of literate people in the city?

Solution
Ratio of men and women=1000:1075=40:43 Number of men=40*155625/83=75000 Number of women=155625-7500=80625 Number of literate men=75000*40/100=3000 Number of literate women =80625*24/100=19350 Literate people =30000+19350=49350 Percentage of literate people =49350/155625*100=2632/83=31 59/83%

Problem 5
300 grams of sugar solution has 40% sugar in it. How much sugar should be added to make it 50% in the solution?

Solution
Grams 300 X 50x = 40*300 x = 40*300/50 = 240 300 240 =60 Kg Sugar 40% 50%

Problem - 6
A man lost 12% of his money and after spending 70% of the remainder, he has Rs. 210 left. How much did the man have at first?

Solution
Let the amount be 100 Then, 100.00 12.50 = 87.50 70% of 87.50 = 87.50 *70/100 =61.25
The remaining amount will be Rs. 26.25 Initial Final 100 26.25 X 210 26.25x = 21000; x = 21000/26.25 = 800

Problem - 7
During one year the population of a town increases by 10% and during next year it diminished by 10%. If at the end of the second year, the population was 89,100, what was the Population at the beginning of first year?

Solution
Let the population be 100 1st Year = 100 + 10 = 110 2nd Year = 110 * 10/100 = 110 -11 = 99 Percentage Population 99 89100 100 x 99x = 89100*100; x = 8910000/99 = 90000

Problem - 8
When a number is first increased by 20% and then again 20% by what percent should the increase number be reduced to get back the original number?

Solution
Let the number be 100 20% increase = 100*20/100 = 20 New Value = 120 Again increase by 20% = 120*20/100 = 24 New value = 144 Increased amount = 44/144*100 = 30 5/9%

Problem - 9
The number of students studying Arts, Commerce and Science in an institute were in the ratio 6 : 5 : 3 respectively. If the number of students in Arts, Commerce and science were increased by 10%, 30% and 15% respectively, what was the new ratio between number of students in the three streams?

Solution
A:C:S 6:5:3 6x : 5x : 3x 6x*110/100 : 5x*130/100 : 3x*115/100 6x*110 : 5x*130 : 3x*115 660 : 650 : 345 132 : 130 : 69

Problem - 10
In measuring the sides of rectangle errors of 5% and 3% in excess are made. What is the error percent in the calculated area?

Solution
Area = xy X = 5% Excess = 100* 5/100 = 105 Y = 3% Excess = 100*3/100 = 103 103*105/100 = 10815/100 = 108.15 Error Actual = 108.15 100 = 8.15% Excess

Problem - 11
In a certain examination there were 2500 candidates. Of them 20% of them were girls and rest were boys. If 5% of boys and 40% of girls failed, what was the Percentage of candidates passed?

Solution
Girls = 2500*20/100 = 500 Boys = 2500*80/100 = 2000 Students who failed were Boys = 2000*5/100 = 100 Girls = 500*40/100 = 200 Total Failed Students = 300 Total Pass students = 2500 300 = 2200 Pass Percentage = 2200/2500*100 = 88%

Problem - 12
A person saves every year 20% of his income. If his income increases every year by 10% then his saving increases by?

Solution
Every year saving, if the income is Rs. 100 = 100 *20/100 =Rs. 20 Salary increases = 110*20/100 = 22 Percentage increase (Savings) = 2/20*100 = 10%

Problem - 13
On a test containing 150 questions carrying 1 mark each, meena answered 80% of the first answers correctly. What percent of the other 75 questions does she need to answer correctly to score 60% on the entire exam?

Solution
Required correct answer = 150*60/100 = 90 Questions need to be correct. 80% of 75 questions = 60 q answered correctly. Remaining 30 questions need be correct out of 75 = 30/75*100 = 40

Problem - 14
A boy after giving away 80% of his pocket money to one companion and 6% of the remainder to another has 47 paise left with him. How much pocket money did the boy have in the beginning?

Solution
Let the amount be 100 To the first companion = 100*80/100 = 80 Remaining = 100 80 = 20 To the 2nd person = 20*6/100 = 1.20 The remaining = Rs.18.80 or 1880 paise Initial Final 100 1880 X 47 1880x = 47*100 x = 4700/1880 = 2.5

Problem - 15
The length of a rectangle is increased by 10% and breath decreased by 10%. Then the area of the new rectangle?

Solution
I D I*D /100 10 -10 10*10/100 0 1 = -1 Decrease by 1%

Profit and Loss

 Gain =(S.P.)-(C.P.)

Profit and Loss

Loss =(C.P.)-(S.P.)
Loss or gain is always reckoned on C.P.

Gain% = [(Gain*100)/C.P.]
Loss% = [(Loss*100)/C.P.]

S.P. = ((100 + Gain%)/100)C.P.

S.P. = ((100 Loss%)/100)C.P.

Problem - 1
A trade man allows two successive discount of 20% and 10%. If he gets Rs.108 for an article. What was its marked price?

Solution
I1 + I2 I1*I2/100 20 + 10 20*10 /100 = 28% Discount = 28%, 72 Percent Cost is 108 Then 100percent cost = 72 108 100 x 100*108/72 = 150

Problem - 2
A trade man bought 500 metres of electric wire at 75 paise per metre. He sold 60% of it at profit of 8%. At what gain percent should he sell the remainder so tas to gain 12% on the whole

Solution
500* 60/100 = 300 8 X 12 300 200 300 : 200 = 6 : 4 8 18 12 6 4 Remainder at 18% Profit

Problem - 3
A man purchased a box full of pencils at the rate of 7 for Rs. 9 and sold all of them at the rate of 8 for Rs. 11. in this bargains he gains Rs. 10. How many pencils did the box contains.

Solution
LCM = 7 and 8 = 56 56 pencil cost price = 8*9 = 72 56 Pencil selling price = 7*11 Profit = 77 72 = Rs. 5 for 56 pencil Rs. 5 for 56 pencil means , for Rs. 10 the pencils are 112

Problem - 4
A cloth merchant decides to sell his material at the cost price, but measures 80cm for a metre. His gain % is?

Solution
100 80 = 20 cm difference Actual = 80 20/80*100 = 25% Gain

Problem - 5
Sales of a book decrease by 2.5% when its price is hiked by 5%. What is the effect on sales?

Solution
Let the sales be 100 2.5 = 97.5 Profit = 100+5 = 105 Sales Profit 97.5 105 100 X 100x = 97.5*105 x = 97.5*105/100 = 102.375 100 102.375 = 2.375 = 2.4 profit (app)

Problem - 6
A dealer buys a table listed at Rs.1500 and gets successive discount of 20% and 10%. He spends Rs. 20 on transportation and sells it at a profit of 10%. Find the selling price of the table.

Solution
Discount = 20+10 20*10/100 = 28% Actual price = 100 28 = 72 100 1500 72 x 72*1500/100 = 1080 Transport = 1080 +20 = 1100 100 1100 110 x 1100*110/100 = 1210

Problem - 7
A fridge is listed at Rs. 4000. due to the off season, a shopkeeper announces a discount of 5%. What is the S.P?

Solution
= 4000*95/100 = 3800

Problem - 8
If the cost price of 9 pens is equal to the S.P of 11 pens. What is the gain or loss?

Solution
= 11 9 = 2 = 2/11*100 = 18 2/11% loss

Problem - 9
A machine is sold for Rs.5060 at a gain of 10% what would have been the gain or loss percent if it had been sold Rs.4370?

Solution
S.P = Rs.5060 = Gain = 10% C.P = 100/110*5060 = 4600 IF S.P = Rs.4370 and C.P = Rs.4600 Loss = 230 Loss % = 230/4600 * 100 = 5% loss

Problem - 10
A person purchased two washing machines each for Rs.9000. he sold one at a loss of 10% and other at a gain of 10%. What is his gain or loss?

Solution
Each Rs.9000. one is 10% profit and other is 10% loss. So No profit and No loss

Problem - 11
Four percent more is gained by selling an article for Rs.180, then by selling if for Rs.175. then its C.P is?

Solution
Let the cost price = Rs. X 4% of x = 180 175 = 4x/100 = 5 4x = 500; x = 500/4 = 125

Problem - 12
An article is sold at a profit of 20%. If it had been sold at a profit of 25%. It would have fetched Rs.35% more. The Cost Price of the article is?

Solution
Let C.P = Rs. X 125% of x 120% of x = 35 5% of x =Rs.35 = x = 35*100/5 = 700 C.P = Rs. 700

Problem - 13
A reduction of 20% in the price of orange enables a man to buy 5 oranges more for Rs. 10. The price of an orange before reduction was,

Solution
20% Rs. 10 = Rs.2 Reduced price of 5 oranges = Rs. 2 Reduced price of 1 oranges = 40 p Original price = 40/ 1- 0.20 = 400/8 = 50 Paise

Problem - 14
A man sells two horses for Rs.1475. The cost price of the first is equal to the S.P of the second. If the first is sold at 20% loss and the second at 25% gain. What is his total gain or loss? ( in rupees)

Solution
Let cost price of 1st horse = S.P of 2nd = x C.P of 2nd = S.P of 2nd * 100/125 = x*100/125 = 4x/5 S.P of 1st = C.P of 1st *80/100 = x*80/100 = 4x/5 Neither loss nor gain

Problem - 15
Rekha sold a watch at a profit of 15%. Had he bought it at 10% less and sold it for Rs. 28 less, he would have gained 20%. Find the C.P of the Watch.

Solution
C.P be Rs. X First S.P = 115% of x = 23x/20 and second C.P = 90% x = 9x/10 Second S.P = 120% of 9x/10 = 120/100 * 9x/10 = 27x/25 Given 23x/20 27x/25 = 28 = 115x 108x/100 = 28 7x/100 = 28 = x = 28*100/7 = 400 C.P = Rs.400

Probability

Probability
Probability:
P() = n() / n(s) (Addition theorem on probability: n(AUB) = n(A) + n(B) - n(AB) Mutually Exclusive: P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B) Independent Events:

P(AB) = P(A) * P(B)

Problem - 1
Four cards are drawn at random from a pack of 52 playing cards. Find the probability of getting all face cards?

Solution
n(E) = 52C4 n(S) = 12C4 = 12C4/52C4

Problem - 2
Four persons are to be chosen at random from a group of 3 men, 2 women and 4 children. Find the probability of selecting 1 man, 1 woman or 2 children?

Solution
Total 3 M + 2 W + 4 C = 9 C 4 = 126 n (E) = 3C1 * 2C1 * 4C2 = 36 36/126 = 2/7

Problem - 3
A word consists of 9 letters, 5 consonants and 4 vowels. Three letters are chosen at random. What is the probability that more than one vowels will be selected?

Solution
n(E) = 9C3 = 84 More than one Vowels. So, 2V +1C or 3 V 4C2 *5C1 + 4C3 = 34 = 34/84 = 17/42

Problem - 4
A bag contains 10 mangoes out of which 4 are rotten. Two mangoes are taken out together. If one of them was found to be good, then what is the probability that the other one is also good?

Solution
10 mangoes 4 are rotten = 6 good mangoes Getting good mangoes = 6C1/10C1 = 6/10 Getting second mango to be good = 5/9 1st and 2nd mangoes 6/10 *5/9 = 1/3

Problem - 5
Out of 13 applicants for a job there are 5 women and 8 men. It is desired to select 2 persons for the job. What is the probability that at least one of the selected person will be a woman?

Solution
n(E) = 13C2 = 78 n(S) = 1m and 1 w or 2 w = 8C1*5C1 + 5C2 = 50 = 50/78 = 25/39

Problem - 6
Two cards are drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. What is the probability that either both are black or both are queen?

Solution
P(A) = Both are Black P(B) = Both are Queen P(AnB) = Both are queen and Black P(A) = 26C2/52C2 = 325/1326 P(B) = 4C2 /52C2 = 6/1326 P(AnB) = 2C2 /52C2 = 1/1326 325/1326 + 6/1326 - 1/ 1326 = 55/221

Problem -7
A man and his wife appear in an interview for two vacancies in the same post. The probability of husbands selection is 1/7 and the probability of wifes selection is 1/5. Find the probability that only one of them is selected?

Solution
Husbands Selection = 1/7; Not getting selected = 1 1/7 = 6/7 Wifes selection = 1/5; Not getting selected = 1 1/5 = 4/5 Only one of them is selected = (Husbands Selection + Wife Not getting selected) or (Wifes selection + Husbands Not getting selected) = (1/7*4/5) + 1/5*6/7) = 2/7

Problem - 8
Four persons are chosen at random from a group of 3 men, 2 women and 4 children. What is the chance that exactly 2 of them are children?

Solution
3 + 2 + 4 = 9C4 = 126 4 members 2(M and W) + 2(boy) 5C2 + 4C2 = 60 = 60 / 126 = 10/21

Problem - 9
Prakash can hit a target 3 times in 6 shots, Priya can hit the target 2 times in 6 shots and Akhilesh can hit the target 4 times in 4 shots. What is the probability that at least 2 shots hit the target?

Solution
Prakash hitting = 3/6; not hitting = 3/6 Priya hitting = 2/6; not hitting = 4/6 Akilesh = 4/4 = 1 At least 2 shots hit target = 3/6*4/6 + 3/6*2/6 =

Problem - 10
There are two boxes A and B. A contains 3 white balls and 5 black balls and Box B contains 4 white balls and 6 black balls. One box is taken at random and what is the probability that the ball picked up may be a white one?

Solution
(Box A is selected and a ball is picked up ) or (Box B is selected and a ball is picked up) *3/8 + *4/10 = 31/80

Problem - 11
A bag contains 6 white balls and 4 black balls. Four balls are successively drawn without replacement. What is the probability that they are alternately of different colour?

Solution
Suppose the balls drawn are in the order white, black, white, black = 6/10 *4/9*5/8*3/7 = 360/5040 Suppose the balls drawn are in the order black, white, black, white = 4/10*6/9*3/8*5/7 = 360/5040 360/5040 +360/5040 = 1/7

Problem - 12
A problem in statistics is given to four students A, B, C and D. Their chances of solving it are 1/3, , 1/5 and 1/6 respectively. What is the probability that the problem will be solved?

Solution
A is not solving problem = 2/3, B is not solving problem = C not solving problem = 4/5 D not solving problem = 5/6 2/3*3/4*4/5*5/6 = 1/3 All together the probability of solving the problem = 1 -1 /3 = 2/3

Problem - 13
There are 8 questions in an examination each having only 2 answers choices Yes or No. All the questions carry equal marks. If a student marks his answer randomly, what is the probability of scoring exacting 50%?

Solution
Each questions having 2 ways of answering, 1 question = 2!........ 8 question = 2! = 2!*2!*2!*2!*2!*2!*2!*2! = 256 To get 50%, 4 questions need to be correct, 8c4 = 8*7*6*5/1*2*3*4 = 70 = 70/256 = 35/128

Problem - 14
A group consists of equal number of men and
women. Of them 10% of men and 45% of women are unemployed. If a person is randomly

selected from the group find the probability for

the selected person to be an employee.

Solution
Let the number of men is 100 and women be 100 Employed men and women = (100-10)+(100-45) = 145 Probability = 145 / 200 = 29 / 40

Problem - 15
The probability of an event A occurring is 0.5 and that of B is 0.3. If A and B are mutually exclusive events. Find the probability that neither A nor B occurs?

Solution
It is Mutually exclusive events P(A n B)=0 Probability = 1 ( P(A) + P (B) P(A n B) ) = 1 (0.5 + 0.3 0) = 0.2

Permutation and Combination

Permutation and Combination

Permutation means Arrangement

Combination means Selection

Permutation and Combination

Permutations: Each of the arrangements which can be made by taking some (or) all of a number of items is called permutations. np = n(n-1)(n-2)(n-r+1)=n!/(n-r)! r Combinations: Each of the groups or selections which can be made by taking some or all of a number of items is called a combination.
nC r

= n!/(r!)(n-r)!

Types
1. How many ways of Arrangement possible by using word SOFTWARE? SOFTWARE = 8! 2. How many ways of arrangement Possible by using word SOFTWARE, vowels should come together. SFTWR (OAE) = 6! * 3!

Types
3. How many ways of Arrangement Possible by using word SOFTWARE, vowels should not come together? SFTWR ( ARE) Not together = Total arrangement Vowels together = 8! (5! * 3!)

Types
4. How many ways of arrangement possible by using word MACHINE, so that vowels occupy only ODD places. - - - - - - - (7 places) MCHN (AIE) 4 Consonant and 3 vowels. 7 places = 4 ODD places, 3 EVEN places Vowels = 4P3 = 4! Consonant = 4P4 = 4! Total Number of arrangement = 4!*4!

Types
5. How many ways of arrangement possible by using word ARRANGEMENT Letters Repetition = 2(A) 2(R) 2 (E) 2 (N) = 11!/2!*2!*2!*2! In a given problem, any letter is repeated more than once that should be divided with total number.

Problem - 1
A committee of 5 is to be formed out of 6 gents and 4 ladies. In how many ways this can be done, when at least 2 ladies are included?

Solution
a. 2 ladies * 3 Gents 4C2 * 6 C3 = 120 b. 3 ladies * 2 Gents 4C3 * 6C2 = 60 c. 4 ladies * 1 Gent 4C4 *6C1 = 1*6 = 6 Total ways = 120 +60 +6 = 186

Problem - 2
It is required to seat 5 men and 4 women in a row so that the women occupy the even places. How many such arrangements are possible?

Solution
Total places = 9 Odd places = 5 Even places = 4 4 even places occupied by 4 women = 4P4 = 4! = 24 5 odd places occupied by 5 men = 5P4 = 5! = 120 Total ways = 120*24 = 2880 ways

Problem - 3
A set of 7 parallel lines is intersected by another set of 5 parallel lines. How many parallelograms are formed by this process?

Solution
Two parallel lines from the first set and any two from the second set will from a parallelogram. 7C2 *5C2 = 21 * 10 = 210

Problem - 4
There are n teams participating in a football championship. Every two teams played one match with each other. There were 171 matches on the whole. What is the value of n?

Solution
Total number of matches played = nC2 nC2 = 171 n(n-1)/2= 171 n2 n 342 = 0 (n+18) (n-19) = 0 n = 19

Problem - 5
In an examination, a candidate has to pass in each of the 6 subjects. In how many ways can he fail?

Solution
6C1 + 6C2 + 6C3 + 6C4+6C5+6C6 1 + 6 + 15 + 20 + 15 + 6 = 63 ways

Problem - 6
In how many ways can a pack of 52 cards be distributed to 4 players, 17 cards to each of 3 and one card to the fourth player?

Solution
17 cards can be given to 1st player = 52 C17 2nd player = 35C17 3rd player = 18C17 4th player = 1 = 52C17*35C17*18C17 = 52!/17!35! * 35!/17!*18! * 18!/17!*1! = 52!/(17!)3

Problem - 7
A foot race will be held on Saturday. How many different arrangements of medal winners are

possible if medals will be for first, second and

third place, if there are 10 runners in the race

Solution
n = 10 r=3 n P r = n!/(n-r)! = 10! / (10-3)! = 10! / 7! = 8*9*10 = 720 Number of ways is 720.

Problem - 8
To fill a number of vacancies, an employer must

hire 3 programmers from among 6 applicants,

and two managers from 4 applicants. What is

total number of ways in which she can make her

selection ?

Solution
It is selection so use combination formula Programmers and managers = 6C3 * 4C2 = 20 * 6 = 120

Total number of ways = 120 ways.

Problem - 9
A man has 7 friends. In how many ways can he invite one or more of them to a party?

Solution
In this problem, the person is going to select his friends for party, he can select one or more person, so addition = 7C1 + 7C2+7C3 +7C4 +7C5 +7C6 +7C7 = 127 Number of ways is 127

Problem - 9
Find the number of different 8 letter words
formed from the letters of the word EQUATION if each word is to start with a vowel

Solution
For the words beginning with a vowel, the first letter can be any one of the 5 vowels, the remaining 7 places can be filled by 7P7 = 5040 The number of words = 5 * 5040 = 25200

Problem - 10
In how many different ways can the letters of the
word TRAINER be arranged so that the vowels always come together?

Solution
A,I,E can be arranged in 3! Ways (5! * 3!) / 2! = 360 ways

Problem - 11
In how many different ways can the letters of the Word DETAIL be arranged so that the vowels may occupy only the odd positions?

Solution
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 3P3 = 3! = 1*2*3 = 6 3P3 = 3! = 1*2*3 = 6 = 6*6 = 36

Problem - 12
There are 5 red, 4 white and 3 blue marbles in a bag. They are taken out one by one and arranged in a row. Assuming that all the 12 marbles are drawn, find the number of different arrangements?

Solution
Total number of balls = 12 Of these 5 balls are of 1st type (red), 4 balls are the 2nd type and 3 balls are the 3rd type. Required number of arrangements = 12!/5!*4!*3! = 27720

Problem - 13
5 men and 5 women sit around a circular table, the en and women alternatively. In how many different ways can the seating arrangements be made?

Solution
5 men can be arranged in a circular table in 4 ways = 24 ways There are 5 seats available for 5 women they can be arranged in 5 ways No. of ways = 5!*4! = 2880 ways

Problem - 14
In a chess board there are 9 vertical and 9 horizontal lines. Find the number of rectangles formed in the chess board.

Solution
Solution:

9C2 * 9C2 = 1296

Problem - 15
In how many ways can a cricket team of 11 players be selected out of 16 players, If one particular player is to be excluded?

Solution
Solution: If one particular player is to be excluded, then selection is to be made of 11 players out of 15. 15C11= 15!/( 11!*4!)=1365 ways

Area and Volume

Area and Volume

Cube: Let each edge of the cube be of length a. then,
Volume = a3cubic units Surface area= 6a2 sq.units. Diagonal = 3 a units.

Area and Volume

Cylinder:

Let each of base = r and height ( or length) = h.

Volume = r2h Surface area = 2 r h sq. units

Total Surface Area = 2 r ( h+ r) units.

Area and Volume

Cone:

Let radius of base = r and height=h, then

Slant height, l = h2 +r2 units Volume = 1/3 r2h cubic units

Curved surface area = r l sq.units

Total surface area = r (l +r)

Area and Volume

Sphere:

Let the radius of the sphere be r. then, Volume = 4/3 r3 Surface area = 4 r2sq.units

Area and Volume

Circle: A= r 2 Circumference = 2 r Square: A= a 2 Perimeter = 4a Rectangle: A= l x b Perimeter= 2( l + b)

Area and Volume

Triangle:

A = 1/2*base*height
Equilateral = 3/4*(side)2 Area of the Scalene Triangle S = (a+b+c)/ 2

A = s*(s-a) * (s-b)* (s-c)

Problem - 1
A rectangular sheet of size 88 cm * 35 cm is bent to form a cylindrical shape with height 35 cm. What is the area of the base of the cylindrical shape?

Solution
The circumference of the circular region = 88 cm 2r = 88 r = 88*7/22*2 = 14 cm Area of the base = r2 = 22/7*14*14 v= 616 cm2

Problem - 2
The radius of the base of a conical tent is 7 metres. If the slant height of the tent is 15 metres, what is the area of the canvas required to make the tent?

Solution
R=7m L = 15 m Area of Canvas required = Curved Surface Area of cone rl = 22/7*7*15 = 330 sq.m

Problem - 3
Three spherical balls of radius 1 cm, 2 cm and 3 cm are melted to form a single spherical ball. In the process, the material loss was 25%. What would be the radius of the new ball?

Solution
Vol. of sphere = 4/3 r3 Vol. of 3 small spherical balls = 4/3 ( 13+23+33) = 4/3 (1+8+27) = 4/3 (36) = 48 Material loss = 25% Vol. of the single spherical ball = 48*75/100 = 48 * = 36 V = 4/3r3 = 36 r3 = 36*3/4 = 27 r = 3 cm

Problem - 4
A rectangular room of size 5m(l)*4m(w)*3m(h) is to be painted. If the unit of painting is Rs. 10 per sq.m, what is the total cost of painting?

Solution
Area of 4 walls = 2h(l+b) The area to be painted includes the 4 walls and the top ceiling. Area to be painted = 2h (l+b) +lb = 2*3 (5+4) + 5*4 = 54+20 = 74 sq.m. Total cost of painting = 74*10 = Rs.740

Problem - 5
The radius of a sphere is r units. Each of the radius of the base and the height of a right circular cylinder is also r units. What is the ratio of the volume of the sphere to that of the cylinder?

Solution
Vol. of sphere = 4/3r3 and Vol. of Cylinder = r2h = r3 Required Ratio = 4/3 r3: r3 = 4/3 : 1 =4:3

Problem - 6
A measuring jar of internal diameter 10 cm is partially filled with water. Four equal spherical balls of diameter 2 cm each, are dropped in it and they sink down in the water completely. What will be the increase in the level of water in the jar?

Solution
Radius of each ball = 1 cm Vol. of 4 balls = 4* 4/3 (r)3 = 16/3 cm3 Vol. of water raised in the Jar = Vol. of 4 balls Let h be the rise in water level, then Area of the base *h = 16/3 *5*5*h = 16/3 H = 16/3*25 = 16/75 cm

Problem - 7
What is the cost of planting the field in the form of the triangle whose base is 2.8 m and height

3.2 m at the rate of Rs.100 / m2

Solution
Area of triangular field = * 3.2 * 2.8 m2

= 4.48 m2 Cost = Rs.100 * 4.48 = Rs.448..

Problem - 8
Find the length of the longest pole that can be
placed in a room 14 m long, 12 m broad, and 8 m high.

Solution
Length of the longest pole = Length of the diagonal of the room = (142 + 122 + 82) = 404 = 20.09 m

Problem - 9
Area of a rhombus is 850 cm2. If one of its diagonal is 34 cm. Find the length of the other
diagonal.

Solution
850 = * d1 * d2 = * 34 * d2 = 17 d2 d2 = 850 / 17 = 50 cm Second diagonal = 50cm

Problem - 10
A grocer is storing small cereal boxes in large
cartons that measure 25 inches by 42 inches by 60

inches. If the measurement of each small cereal

box is 7 inches by 6 inches by 5 inches then what is

maximum number of small cereal boxes that can be

placed in each large carton ?

Solution
No. of Boxes = 25*42*60 / 7*6*5 = 300 300 boxes of cereal box can be placed.

Problem - 11
If the radius of a circle is diminished by 10%, what is the change in area in percentage?

Solution
= x + y + xy/100 = -10 - 10 + 10*10/100 = -19% Diminished area = 19%.

Problem - 12

A circular wire of radius 42 cm is bent in the form of a rectangle whose sides are in the ratio

of 6:5. Find the smaller side of the rectangle?

Solution
length of wire = 2 r = (22/7*14*14)cm = 264cm Perimeter of Rectangle = 2(6x+5x) cm = 22xcm 22x =264 x = 12 cm Smaller side = (5*12) cm = 60 cm

Problem - 13
A beam 9m long, 40cm wide and 20cm deep is made up of iron which weights 50 kg per cubic metre. Find the weight of the Beam.

Solution
Vol. of the Beam = lbh = 9*40/100*10/100 = 72 m3 Weight of the iron beam is given as lm3 = 50 kg 72/100 m3 = 72/100*50 = 36 kg

Problem - 14
If the length of a rectangle is reduced by 20% and breadth is increased by 20%. What is the percentage change in the area?

Solution
x + y + (xy/100)% = - 20 + 20 400/100 = -4 The area would decrease by 4%

Problem - 15
Find the number of bricks measuring 25 cm in length, 5 cm is breadth and 10 cm in height for a wall 40 m long, 75 cm broad and 5 metres in height?

Solution
Vol. of the wall = 40*72/100*5 = 150 m3 Vol. of 1 bricks = 25/100*5/100*10/100 = 1/80 m3 Number of bricks required = 150/1/800 = 150*800 = 120000

Calendar

Odd days: 0 = Sunday 1 = Monday 2 = Tuesday 3 = Wednesday 4 = Thursday 5 = Friday 6 = Saturday

Calendar

Calendar
Month code: Ordinary year

J=0
M=3

F=3
A=6

M=1
J=6

J=4
A=2

S=5
N=3

O=0
D=5

Month code for leap year after Feb. add 1.

Calendar
Ordinary year = (A + B + C + D )-2 -----------------------take remainder 7 Leap year = (A + B + C + D) 3 ------------------------- take remainder 7

Problem - 1
11th January 1997 was a Sunday. What day of the week on 7th January 2000?

Solution
11th Jan 1997 = Sunday 11th Jan 1998 = Monday 11th Jan 1999 = Tuesday 11th Jan 2000 = Wednesday 7th Jan 2000 is on Saturday

Problem - 2
What day of the week was on 5th June 1999?

Solution
A+B+C+D 2 / 7 A = 1999/7 = 4 B = 1999/4 = 499/7 = 2 C = June = 4 D = 5/7 = 5 = 4+2+4+5 2/7 = 13/7 = 5 = Saturday

Problem - 3
On what dates of August 1988 did Friday fall?

Solution
A = 1988 / 7 = 0 B = 1988/4 = 497/7 = 0 C=3 D=x 0+0+3+x+3/7 = x/7 = 5(Friday) Friday falls on = 5,12,19,26

Problem - 4
India got independence on 15 August 1947. What was the day of the week?

Solution
A = 1947/7 = 1 B = 1947/4 = 486/7 = 3 C = 15/7 = 1 D=2 1+3+1+2 2 /7 = 5/7 = Friday

Problem - 5
7th January 1992 was Tuesday. Find the day of the week on the same date after 5 years. i.e on 7th January 1997.

Solution
7th January 1992 = Tuesday 7th January 1993 = Thursday (Leap) 7th January 1994 = Friday 7th January 1995 = Saturday 7th January 1996 = Monday ( Leap) 7th January 1997 = Tuesday

Problem - 6
The first Republic day of India was celebrated on 26th January 1950. What was the day of the week on that date?

Solution
A = 1950/7 = 4 B = 1950/4 = 487/7 = 4 C=0 D = 26/7 = 5 4+4+0+5 2/7 = 11/7 = 4 = Thursday

Problem - 7
Find the Number of times 29th day of the month occurs in 400 consecutive year?

Solution
1 year = 1 (Ordinary Year) 1 year = 12 (Leap Year) 400 years = 97 leap year 97 * 12 = 1164 303*11 = 3333 = 1164+3333 = 4497 times

Problem - 8
If 2nd March 1994 was on Wednesday, 25 Jan 1994 was on,

Solution
A = 1994/7 = 6 B = 1994/4 = 498/7 = 1 C=0 D = 25/7 = 4 = 6 + 1 + 0 + 4 2 / 7 = 3 = Tuesday

Problem - 9
Calendar for 2000 will serve also?

Solution
= 2000 + 2001 + 2002 + 2003 + 2004 = 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 = 7 (Complete Week) 2005

Problem - 10
If Pinkys 1st birthday fell in Jan 1988 on one of the Mondays, the day on which are was born is,

Solution
Jan = 1988 = Monday Jan = 1987 = Sunday

Problem - 11
Akshaya celebrated her 60th birthday on Feb 24, 2000. What was the day?

Solution
A = 2000 /7 = 7 B = 2000/4 = 500/7 = 3 C=3 D = 24/7 = 0 = 7+3+3+0-3/7 = 10/7 = 3 = Wednesday

Problem - 12
On what dates of April 2008 did Sunday Fall?

Solution
Calculate for 1st April 2008 A = 2008/7 = 6 B = 2008/4 = 502/7 = 5 C = 1/7 = 1 D=0 = 6+5+1+0 3/ 7 = 2 = Tuesday 1st April on Tuesday, then 1st Sunday fall on 6. Sunday falls on 6, 13, 20, 27.

Problem - 13
Today is Friday. After 62 days it will be,

Solution
62 / 7 = 6 days after Friday then it will be Tuesday

Problem - 14
What will be the day of the week on 1st Jan 2010?

Solution
A=1 B=5 C=0 D=1 = 1+5+0+1 2/ 7 = 5/7 = 5 = Friday

Problem - 15
What is the day of the week on 30/09/2007?

Calendar
Solution: A = 2007 / 7 = 5 B = 2007 / 4 = 501 / 7 = 4 C = 30 / 7 = 2 D=5 ( A + B + C + D )-2 = ----------------------7 = ( 5 + 4 + 2 + 5) -2 ----------------------- = 14/7 = 0 = Sunday 7

Clock

Clocks
Clock:
Angle between hour hand and minute hand = (11m/2) 30h

Angle between minute hand and hour hand =30h (11m/2)

Problem - 1
What is the angle between the minute hand and hour hand when the time is 2.15?

Solution
= 11 m/2 30(h) = 11 15/2 30(2) = 11(7.5) 60 = 82.5 60 = 22 1/2

Problem - 2
At what time between 5 and 6 oclock the hands of a clock coincide?

Solution
Coinciding Angle = 0 Min. hand to hour hand = 25 min apart 60/55*25 = 12/11 * 25 = 300/11 = 27 3/11min past 5

Problem - 3
At what time between 12 and 1 oclock both the hands will be at right angles?

Solution
Right angle = 90 degrees = 30(h) 11 m/2 90 = 30(12) 11 m/2 180 = 360 11m 11m = 360 180 M = 180/11 16 4/11 past 12

Problem - 4
Find at what time between 7 and 8 oclock will the hands of a clock be in the same straight line but not together?

Solution
Minute hand to hour hand = 35 min apart Straight line not together = 30 min apart Difference = 35 30 = 5 min = 60/55*5 = 12/11*5 = 60/11 = 55 5 / 11 past 7

Problem - 5
At what time between 5 and 6 are the hands of the clock 7 minutes apart?

Solution
7 min space behind the hour hand: 25 min 7 min = 18 min 60/55 *18 = 216/11 = 19 7/11 min past 5 7 Min space ahead the hour hand 25 min + 7 min = 32 min 60/55*32 = 12/11*32 = 384/11 = 34 10/11 min past 5

Problem - 6
A clock strikes 4 and takes 9 seconds. In order to strike 12 at the same rate what will be the time taken?

Solution
Strike 3 (interval) 11 3x = 11*9 X = 11*9/3 = 33 Sec Sec 9 x