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Disclaimer
The information contained herein is proprietary and confidential information of SkyVision Global Networks Ltd. and any of its affiliates ("SV"). The content of this presentation and materials therefrom may not be copied, distributed or transmitted in any way without prior written consent of SV. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The recipient hereof agrees to keep confidential all information contained herein not already in the public domain. While the information contained in this presentation is believed to be true and accurate, the content of this presentation is provided "AS IS," and SV does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of any information contained herein. To the maximum extent permitted by law, SV expressly disclaims any and all liability for misrepresentations, errors or omissions in this presentation or in any other written or oral communication transmitted in connection with this presentation. SV makes no commitment to update the information contained in this presentation. SV expressly disclaims all liability for the use or interpretation by others of information contained in this presentation. Decisions based on information contained herein are the sole responsibility of the person making such decision. Nothing contained in this presentation constitutes investment advice.
Preface
The SkyVision VSAT Installation Manual has been prepared to complement the visual presentation and the VSAT PRO smartphone app to assist with the installation and activation of a SkyVision VSAT. Also included are a Glossary and a Resource List for your convenience. SkyVision will update this document as technology progresses and its services develop.
SKYVISION GLOBAL NETWORKS LTD. VSAT Installation Manual SkyVision Global Networks Ltd. Kinetic Business Centre Theobald Street Borehamwood Hertfordshire WD6 4PJ Phone +44 20 8387 1750 Fax +44 20 8387 4004 Updated: February 2013
Table of Contents
About SkyVision ..................................................................................................................................... 1
Introduction..............................................................................................2
1. SkyVision VSAT Installation Manual Introduction ..................................................................... 3
antenna installation..............................................................................20
4.
4.1.
VSAT Terminal Field Installer Requirements ........................................................................................... 21 VSAT Installer Equipment Requirements ................................................................................................. 21 Using the SkyVision Scheduling Kit and Option File .............................................................................. 22 Verifying the List of On-site Equipment .................................................................................................. 22 Installing and Aligning the Antenna ........................................................................................................ 22 Installing the Antenna ............................................................................................................................. 22 Aligning the Antenna ............................................................................................................................... 23 Calculating the Inclinometer Elevation Angle .......................................................................................... 24 Using the SkyVision VSAT PRO Mobile Application ................................................................................ 24
5.1.2.1. Viewing the iDirect Modem Dashboard Tab ........................................................................................... 29 5.1.2.2. Viewing the iDirect Modem Status Tab ................................................................................................... 29 5.1.2.3. Using the iDirect Modem Commissioning Tab ........................................................................................ 30 5.1.2.4. Using the iDirect Modem Admin Tab ...................................................................................................... 31 5.1.3. 5.2. 5.2.1. 5.2.2. 5.2.3. 5.2.4. 5.2.5. 5.2.6. 5.2.7. 5.2.8. 5.2.9. Remote Locking the iDirect X1 Evolution Satellite Router ...................................................................... 32 Installing and Configuring the iDirect 3100/5100/X3 Satellite Router ..................................................... 32 Connecting the iDirect 3100/5100/X3 Satellite Router to a Server .......................................................... 33 Connecting the iDirect 3100/5100/X3 Satellite Router Using the Putty Application ................................ 33 Connecting the iDirect 3100/5100/X3 Satellite Router Using the Hyper Terminal ................................... 34 Configuring Your PC as a Host on Your iDirect 3100/5100/X3 Satellite Router LAN ............................... 34 Using iSite to Log in to the iDirect 3100/5100/X3 Satellite Router ......................................................... 35 Checking Your Version of iSite ................................................................................................................ 36 Downloading the Correct Version of iSite ............................................................................................... 36 Checking Your Version of the iDirect 3100/5100/X3 Satellite Router ...................................................... 36 Downloading the Correct Version of the iDirect 3100/5100/X3 Satellite Router Image .......................... 37
5.2.10. Loading the Option File........................................................................................................................... 38 5.2.11. Logging in to the iDirect 3100/5100/X3 Satellite Router ......................................................................... 38 5.2.12. Changing the IP Configurations on Your PC to DHCP ............................................................................. 39 5.2.13. Calculating the Azimuth and Elevation with the iSite Application .......................................................... 39 5.2.14. Fine-tuning the Antenna Alignment to the Correct Satellite ................................................................... 40 5.2.15. Using a Spectrum Analyzer to Fine-tune the Antenna Alignment ........................................................... 40 5.2.16. Using the iSite Antenna Pointing Tool to Fine-tune the Antenna Alignment ......................................... 41 5.3. 5.4. Performing an Information Check ........................................................................................................... 42 Contacting SkyVision for the Line-up Schedule ...................................................................................... 43
About SkyVision
SkyVision is a leading global IP telecommunication service provider to emerging markets, offering solutions over satellite and fiber optic systems. SkyVisions focus is on global connectivity services for emerging markets, with customers that include incumbent telecoms, ISPs, cellular operators, global and local enterprises, government entities and NGOs, in over 50 countries. With an emphasis on its customers local or regional requirements, SkyVision offers superior network connectivity solutions. Known for its innovative approach, the company offers an extensive suite of both customized solutions and industry-standard services for end-to-end IP connectivity, managed from its international gateways and selected local hubs. SkyVisions global-reaching network connects its customers to the Internet backbone with more than ten satellite platforms and a network of high-capacity fiber optic cables, via its gateways in Europe, North America and the Middle East, as well as multiple points of presence (POPs) in Africa. SkyVision understands that reliable connectivity is an integral and critical element of every customer's business. For this reason, SkyVisions service concept relies on establishing a local presence with dedicated support in each of the countries to which it delivers its services. This strategy allows SkyVision to better understand its customers unique needs in each region, tailoring its solutions to their specific requirements and backing those solutions with rapid, high-priority support. Service Operation and Maintenance is carried out by SkyVisions regional representatives, along with the companys professional Operations and Engineering teams. In addition, its presence in local markets allows SkyVision to deliver equipment both quickly and securely via its own storage facilities in strategic locations. The companys commercial and technical representation in its key target markets also allows SkyVision to assist its customers in regulatory matters. SkyVision currently commands a satellite and fibre IP connectivity network spanning 100 countries. The companys VSAT network solutions draw on SkyVisions extensive space segment inventory from leading satellite providers and its capacity is carefully tailored to customers individual needs for optimal cost-effectiveness. SkyVision Global Networks Ltd., with headquarters in the UK, is a privately-held company founded in 2000.
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Chapter 1
Introduction
This manual complements SkyVisions Visual VSAT Installation Manual Presentation, which provides you with a step-by-step description of the technical requirements and practical applications of setting up an antenna and a VSAT-based satellite router to access the SkyVision satellite broadband service. Topics covered in this manual include: VSAT Components Site Survey Antenna Installation Router Installation Troubleshooting and Support Resources Glossary We recommend that you view the SkyVisions Visual VSAT Installation Manual Presentation in sequence before traveling to the proposed VSAT location to obtain a complete understanding of the requirements and procedures. Note that some of the procedures require Internet access.
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Chapter 2
vsat components
2.1.
VSAT Antenna
The satellite antenna is required for the reception and transmission of signals to and from the satellite. The appropriate size of the antenna diameter is determined by your SkyVision Account Manager, taking your needs into account. The shape of the coverage pattern of a satellite varies from one satellite to another. As a result, certain geographical locations require larger antennas for optimal performance. A larger antenna also results in a higher gain and a narrower transmission beam, which provides improved rejection of the 'side lobes' of adjacent satellites and protection from terrestrial interference. The antenna usually has an elevation offset that you can find in your antenna manual. You need to refer to this offset in section: Calculating Azimuth and Elevation.
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The LNB (Low Noise Block Down-Converter) is part of the receive chain of your VSAT. Located on the feed horn, the LNB converts the satellite signal that was reflected off the satellite antennas reflector from a C-Band signal into an L-Band signal. The L-Band signal is in the frequency range of 950-1750 MHz, and is considered more manageable. This is partially due to the fact that the transmission of the lower frequency signal can be more reliable than C-Band signals when using a coaxial cable. Virtually all new satellite routers today use L-Band inputs.
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The BUC (Block Up-Converter) is part of the transmit chain of your VSAT. It is often located on the feed horn, but if it is a large BUC, it may be located at the base of the antenna and connected with RF conduits (waveguides). The BUC converts the modem's L-Band transmit signal into higher frequency C-Band signals, then amplifies it before it is reflected off the satellite antenna towards the satellite. To perform both its functions, the BUC is composed of two individual components: Local Oscillator Power Amplifier
The Local Oscillator performs the frequency conversion between the L-Band and the satellite frequency, such as C-Band. The resulting satellite frequency is calculated by adding the L-Band frequency to a number known as the Local Oscillator Frequency, which is stamped onto the BUC. A Local Oscillator Frequency of 4900 MHz is used for a non-inverted spectrum, and a Local Oscillator Frequency of 7375 MHz is used for an inverted spectrum. A typical system requires a 2-Watt BUC or higher, depending on the application. Although BUCs are available with very powerful amplifiers, it is unlikely that a VSAT installation will require more than 10 Watts, even in less than ideal circumstances. SkyVision will provide you with the specific power requirements for your service.
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2.4. Feed
The Feed comprises the following: Feed Horn OMT (Orthomode Transducer) Transmit Reject Filter (either built-in or to be added on the receive end of the OMT) Waveguide Circular Tube for circular polarization requirements
There are three main polarization positions used for SkyVision Services: Linear Cross-polarization Linear Co-polarization Circular Cross-polarization
Refer to your SkyVision Scheduling Kit for your specific polarization requirements.
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2.4.1.
Linear Cross-polarization
To transmit and receive in opposite polarities, you need to assemble the feed, making sure that: The receive part of the OMT (to which the LNB is attached) is perpendicular to the ground The wide face of the waveguide is parallel to the ground
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Feed
2.4.2.
Linear Co-polarization
To transmit and receive in the same polarities, you need to assemble the feed, making sure that: The receive part of the OMT (to which the LNB is attached) is perpendicular to the ground The narrow face of the waveguide is parallel to the ground
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Feed
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2.4.3.
Circular Cross-polarization
To transmit and receive in opposite circular polarities, you need to add the circular tube between the feed horn and the OMT. Assemble the feed, making sure that: The receive part of the OMT (to which the LNB is attached) is perpendicular to the ground The wide face of the waveguide is parallel to the ground The receive part of the OMT is aligned to the desired reception polarityeither LHCP or RHCPas displayed on the mouth of the circular tube
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Feed
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2.5.1.
The iDirect iNFINITI 3100 Satellite Router has several key features: Star topology Built-in TCP and HTTP acceleration
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The iNFINITI Image Versions for SkyVisions Services are Versions 7.1.1 and 8.0.2.5. If your remote displays a constant message, such as: unknown broadcast message, and ignores the commands from the HUB, the iNFINITI version you are using is below the minimum 7.1.1 version requirement.
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2.5.2.
The iDirect iNFINITI 5100 Satellite Router has several key features: Star topology Mesh iSCPC Built-in TCP and HTTP acceleration Advanced QoS and prioritization Automatic end-to-end Uplink Power Control for higher network availability Two back-panel indicators; one for the BUC and one for the LNB RX output for an auxiliary device 8-Port 10/100 Ethernet switch
The iNFINITI Image Versions for SkyVisions Services are Versions 7.1.1 and 8.0.2.5. If your remote displays a constant message, such as: unknown broadcast message, and ignores the commands from the HUB, the iNFINITI version you are using is below the minimum 7.1.1 version requirement.
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2.5.3.
The iDirect Evolution X1 Satellite Router has several key features: Star topology DVB-S2/ACM outbound for greater efficiency and enhanced network availability Automatic end-to-end Uplink Power Control for higher network availability Built-in TCP and HTTP acceleration Advanced QoS and traffic prioritization
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2.5.4.
The iDirect Evolution X3 Satellite Router has several key features: Star topology DVB-S2/ACM outbound for greater efficiency and enhanced network availability Automatic end-to-end Uplink Power Control for higher network availability Built-in TCP and HTTP acceleration Advanced QoS and traffic prioritization Red button to restart at the default configuration in case of contact loss caused by user error
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Coaxial cables are used to connect the iDirect Satellite Router to both the BUC and the LNB, carrying the RF signal for both the Receive and Transmit functions.
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2.6.1.
Selecting suitable coaxial cables is an important decision. Both the type of cable and the distance from the VSAT antenna to the satellite router will directly affect the quality of the received and transmitted signals. SkyVisions standard maximum length of cable is 30 meters.
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Coaxial Cables
2.6.2.
The coaxial cable used to connect the LNB and the BUC should have a 75 ohm impedance and typically should be either an RG-6 or RG-11 cable. Your decision about which of these two types to use is one of cost vs. performance: The RG-6 cable is cheaper than the RG-11, but also suffers greater signal reduction The RG-11 cable is usually more expensive, but provides a higher signal transmission performance
You should consider this performance difference when making your decision, as well as taking into consideration any loss that may result from a larger distance between the iDirect Satellite Router and the antenna.
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Parent Topic:
Coaxial Cables
2.6.3.
Connectors
Cable preparation and installation are of critical importance. You should pay careful attention to the work being done during these stages. Connectors that have not been crimped and properly weather-proofed can cause serious problems. If you choose to route the cables underground, you must use a conduit.
Parent Topic:
Coaxial Cables
2.7. Splitter
If you use a splitter, it must be of the correct type. Standard 'consumer-grade' splitters are designed for TV frequencies and will not pass the higher frequencies of the satellite signal. You must use a splitter designed specifically for cable and satellite communications with two outputs, and ensure that one output is a DC passthrough output.
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Chapter 3
site survey
It is important to conduct the site survey properly to avoid subsequent technical and operational problems.
3.1.
If you are not experienced in performing the site survey yourself, you should hire a Certified SkyVision Installer. Contact your SkyVision Sales Manager for assistance.
Parent Topic:
If you are using an offset antenna, subtract the offset from the true elevation angle to calculate the actual elevation. For instructions on how to use the iSite application to confirm the Azimuth and Elevation angles, see Using the iSite Antenna Pointing Tool.
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Where X is the height of the obstruction in front of the antenna and Y is the distance between them. For example, if the obstruction is 8 meters high and 32 meters away from the antenna, you need to perform the following calculation: arc tan (8/32) = Use the Microsoft Windows Calculator to calculate your line-of-sight, as follows: 1. On your computer, browse to Start>Accessories>Calculator.
The Microsoft Windows Calculator opens. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. On the View menu, select Scientific. Enter the height of the obstruction in meters and divide it by the distance in meters. Press the equals button. Press the Inv (inverse) button. Press the tan (tangent) button.
The calculator displays the result, which is the minimum angle of your true elevation in degrees. This angle should be lower than the true elevation angle of your antenna.
If you do not achieve a clear line-of-sight, relocate the antenna until you do.
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Chapter 4
antenna installation
4.1.
Successful installation requires that the equipment is ready and that the installer has the right set of tools and knowledge. Proper preparations prevent the risk of work interruptions that can result in additional costs or even damage to the equipment.
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It is highly recommended to have the following optional additional and spare equipment on site: Spectrum Analyzer BUC LNB Satellite Router
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4.6.1.
Manufacturers installation instructions should have been included with the antenna. If they are missing, or if any part of them is unclear, consult with your installer or contact SkyVisions Installation Support. Proper alignment of the antenna is critical to receive a strong signal, and to avoid interfering with other satellites. This is a very precise process that must be followed carefully. An antenna that is not properly aligned can seriously affect the quality of the service.
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Parent Topic:
4.6.2.
To align the antenna, you need the look angle and elevation coordinates that you calculated in sections: Calculating Azimuth and Elevation and Checking the Line-of-Sight. If you do not have these, refer to the information sent to you by SkyVision together with the Option File. To align the antenna: 1. 2. 3. 4. Assemble and anchor the antenna according to the manufacturers instructions. Verify that your antenna is level using a leveler. Verify that you have assembled the feed in the correct polarization position. Refer to the coordinates you calculated in Calculating Azimuth and Elevation.
Important: When aligning the azimuth, do not set the compass on a metal surface because of potential magnetic interference. 5. To set the antennas azimuth, use a compass as reference and adjust the antenna left or right horizontally. To set the antennas elevation angle, use the inclinometer as reference and adjust the strut vertically.
6.
The elevation offset for offset antennas is determined by the antenna model. To find out your antennas offset, refer to the antenna user documentation provided by the manufacturer. After you have properly installed and configured the iDirect Satellite Router, you can fine-tune the alignment.
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To calculate the inclinometer elevation angle: Position the inclinometer on the metal surface that attaches the antenna to the mount. Take into account that the inclinometer is positioned vertically at a 90-degree angle to the ground. Example: 1. If the true elevation is 50 degrees and the offset is 20 degrees, subtract the offset from the true elevation. The total value is 30 degrees. 2. Subtract the new elevation value of 30 degrees from the inclinometers starting value of 90 degrees. The inclinometer elevation angle is 60 degrees. Parent Topic: Antenna Installation Introduction
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Before using the VSAT PRO mobile app, it is recommended to read the following sections in this manual: Calculating Azimuth and Elevation Selecting the Terrestrial Site Preparing for Antenna Installation and Alignment VSAT Installer Equipment Requirements Installing and Aligning the Antenna
To align your new VSAT link using the VSAT PRO app, do the following: 1. 2. Launch the VSAT PRO app on your smartphone. On the VSAT PRO Home page, select the VSAT PRO Alignment Setup option.
The Select Region page appears. 4. Select your region and your country, and then press Done.
You are returned to the VSAT Alignment page. 5. Press Select Satellite.
The Select Satellite page appears. 6. From the list of satellites, select a satellite and then press Done.
You are returned to the VSAT Alignment page. 7. Press Set Coordinates.
The Set Coordinates page appears. 8. Select Auto Set GPS to set your GPS coordinates automatically or select Manual Set Coordinates to set your coordinates manually, then press Done to return to the VSAT Alignment page. Press Select Antenna Type.
9.
The Select Antenna Type page appears. 10. Select your antenna type. You can select either a Prime or Offset antenna, as defined in your antenna manual, then press Done to return to the VSAT Alignment page. 11. Press Align Antenna Azimuth.
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Chapter 5
router installation
5.1.
This section describes the procedures for installing and configuring your iDirect X1 Evolution Satellite Router, including: Connecting the iDirect X1 Evolution Satellite Router to a Server Configuring the iDirect X1 Evolution Satellite Router Modem Remote Locking the iDirect X1 Evolution Satellite Router For additional information about the iDirect X1 Evolution Satellite Router, see the following document: \\omega\Company\TAC\Manuals\PROC_Remote Installation Guide iDX 3.1 Rev A DRAFT_03012012.pdf.
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5.1.1.
2.
3.
4. 5.
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5.1.2.
Use the iDirect modem configuration manager for the following: Viewing the iDirect Modem Dashboard Tab Viewing the iDirect Modem Status Tab Using the iDirect Modem Commissioning Tab Using the iDirect Modem Admin Tab
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When the modem is connected to the network, In Network appears in the Network box, and the Network status LED lights up solid green. Ethernet Status Connection information, such as Status, Speed, and Duplex Mode Transmitter information, such as the number of transmitted Bytes, Dropped Frames, and Error Frames Receiver information, such as the number of received Bytes, Dropped Frames, and Error Frames
IP Configuration Input/output packets for errors and/or traffic changes LAN Interface, including IP Address and Netmask Management Interface, including IP Address and Subnet Mask DHCP, such as DHCP Mode, Lease Range, Lease Time, and Default Gateway DNS, including DNS Mode Static Routes Multicast Groups, including details of the Direction and IP Address
You can only change the IP configuration after the Options file has been loaded. See Using the iDirect Modem Admin Tab. Remote Events Real-Time Remote Events, including the log of the Up Time, Level, and Description of each remote event
Satcom Graphs Graphs displaying signal status of the modem, such as Rx SNR, Tx Power, Tx Frequency Offset, and Clock Adjustment
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The Angle Calculator enables you to calculate the elevation and azimuth angles to be used by technicians. Antenna Pointing You use the Antenna Pointing page to configure the iDirect X1 Evolution Satellite Router modem in the same way you use the pointing tool in the iSite application for the iDirect 3100/5100/X3 Satellite Router modems. See Using the iSite Antenna Pointing Tool to Fine-tune the Antenna Alignment. You can reference the graphic indicator in the Antenna Pointing page to maximize the Rx signal when aligning the antenna to the correct angles. To measure the satellite signal while pointing the dish, attach a voltmeter to the Tx cable and click Start Tx PWM.
Cross-Polarization Cross Polarization Test, including Transmit Frequency (RF uplink frequency, BUC LO frequency, and L-Band Tx frequency), Transmit Power, and Modulator The Cross Polarization Test produces a Continuous Wave Carrier (CW) signal, enabling you to perform the Peak & Pol procedure with the SkyVision team and the satellite company. To start the transmission of the CW signal, enter the uplink frequency and the local oscillator (LO) frequency and click Start.
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3.
Load Options File To load the options file: 1. 2. Click Browse. Navigate to the location on your computer where you saved the file that you downloaded from the SkyVision ftp server. Click Load.
3.
Restart Device Click Restart to restart the modem and complete the loading of the specified files.
Console The syntax used in the Console for the iDirect X1 Evolution Satellite Router is slightly different to the syntax used for the iDirect 3100/5100/X3 Satellite Router, but all the functionality is identical.
You can use the Help command to view all available commands.
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5.1.3.
For a detailed description of the procedure for remote locking the iDirect X1 Evolution Satellite Router, refer to the manual located at the following link: \\omega\Company\TAC\Manuals\RLOCK_X1.docx.
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5.2.1.
2.
3.
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5.2.2.
Connecting the iDirect 3100/5100/X3 Satellite Router Using the Putty Application
1. 2. Open the Putty application. Choose the Serial connection, and click Open.
To identify the iDirect Satellite Router's IP address using the Putty application:
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iDirect Login: root Password: iDirect Make sure to use a capital "D" and then press Enter. 4. Type the command, ipconfig. On the second line of the ixp card you will see "inet addr:", which is the LAN IP address of the iDirect Satellite Router and "Mask:", which is the subnet mask of your LAN.
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5.2.3.
Connecting the iDirect 3100/5100/X3 Satellite Router Using the Hyper Terminal
1. 2. 3. Open the Hyper Terminal application. In the Connection Description window, type in a name of your choice and click OK. In the Connect To window, select COM1 (which is the port that is connected to the satellite router). In the COM1 Properties window, choose Restore Defaults. Once you have gained access to the satellite router, enter the login details as follows:
To identify the iDirect Satellite Router's IP address using the Hyper Terminal application:
4. 5.
iDirect Login: root Password: iDirect 6. Type the command "ipconfig". On the second line of the ixp card you will see, "inet addr:", which is the LAN IP address of the iDirect Satellite Router and "Mask:" which is the subnet mask of your LAN.
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5.2.4.
To configure your PC as a host on the satellite router LAN, you will need to identify your default gateway and subnet mask as follows: 1. Connect an Ethernet cable (RJ45) from the LAN port of the satellite router to the PC port (LAN) of your computer. Navigate to the Local Area Connection Properties.
2.
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6.
7. 8.
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5.2.5.
To use the iSite application to log in to the iDirect Satellite Router, you must first ensure that you are using the correct versions of the iSite application and the iDirect Satellite Router, as defined in the SkyVision Option File that you received. This includes: Checking Your Version of iSite Downloading the Correct Version of iSite Checking Your Version of the iDirect 3100/5100/X3 Satellite Router Downloading the Correct Version of the iDirect 3100/5100/X3 Satellite Router Image Loading the Option File Logging in to the iDirect 3100/5100/X3 Satellite Router Changing the IP Configurations on Your PC to DHCP Calculating the Azimuth and Elevation with the iSite Application Fine-tuning the Antenna Alignment to the Correct Satellite Using a Spectrum Analyzer to Fine-tune the Antenna Alignment Using the iSite Antenna Pointing Tool to Fine-tune the Antenna Alignment
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5.2.6.
1.
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5.2.7.
1.
2. 3.
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5.2.8.
The version number of your iDirect Satellite Router appears on the second line, next to Code Version:. 4. Verify that the version number corresponds to the version number defined in the SkyVision Option File.
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5.2.9.
Downloading the Correct Version of the iDirect 3100/5100/X3 Satellite Router Image
1. Download the remote package from the following link: ftp://cloud.skyvision.net/pub/iDirect/software (Make sure to capitalize the "D" in iDirect.) Open the iSite application. Right-click TDMA Remote and log in to the satellite router. If the Telnet Session is not open, right-click the TDMA Remote. Select Connect and then Telnet. Type the username and password to log in to the Telnet Session as follows:
To download the correct version of the satellite router image to your iDirect Satellite Router:
2. 3. 4.
Username: admin Password: P@55w0rd! Logging in to the Telnet Session enables you to monitor the progress of the version change. 5. 6. 7. Right-click the TDMA Remote, then select Download Package. Click Open, then browse for the cumulative update located in the remote package. Verify that the following checkboxes are selected:
Don't check version Downloaded images only Don't reset 8. 9. Click Start. Navigate to the Telnet window and wait until the message: Flash completed appears before continuing to the next step.
10. In the download package window click Open, then browse to the rmt file located in the remote package folder. 11. Verify that the following checkboxes are selected: Don't check version Downloaded images only Don't reset 12. Navigate to the Telnet window and wait until the message: Flash completed appears before continuing to the next step. 13. In the download package window, click Close. 14. Load the Option File (See: Loading the Option File).
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10. Repeat the procedure: Checking Your Version of the iDirect Satellite Router to confirm that the satellite router version has been updated. 11. Verify that your iDirect Satellite Router operates with the new Option File by checking that the IP address of the satellite router is the same as the ETH0_1 address in the Option File.
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Troubleshoot: If iSite does not identify the remote automatically, follow these steps: 1. 2. On the left-hand menu, right-click the iDirect icon and select New. Right-click Unknown and select Login.
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5.2.13. Calculating the Azimuth and Elevation with the iSite Application
To confirm the Azimuth and Elevation calculations using the iSite application: 1. 2. 3. 4. Log in with iSite to the satellite router as Admin (see: Logging in to the iDirect Satellite Router). Right-click the TDMA Remote icon. Go to Align Antenna and select Antenna Pointing. Under Remote Location, enter the latitude and longitude of your VSAT location (or if the Option File has already been loaded, verify that the configuration is correct). Under Spacecraft Position, enter the satellite longitude (or if the Option File has already been loaded, verify that the configuration is correct). Under Elevation Information, enter your antenna's Offset, as defined in your antenna manual (or if the Option File has already been loaded, verify that the configuration is correct).
5.
6.
The Elevation Actual and the Azimuth True final calculations appear under Gross Antenna Pointing Information.
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5.
6. 7. 8.
WARNING: Make sure that you are using a DC Block on your spectrum analyzer input. Troubleshoot: If the connection is poor, check the cables to see if they are damaged. 9. Adjust the spectrum analyzer to the beacon frequency of the satellite or to the SkyVision downlink carrier, where:
The Center frequency is the calculated RX_Freq The span is the calculated RX_bitrate in units of Mhz instead of Mbps 10. Adjust the elevation to the correct value, according to the site location and antenna offset. 11. Sweep the sky in the expected azimuth area until you acquire the satellite signal. If the signal is not acquired, decrease or increase the elevation angle by slightly adjusting the strut, and repeat the azimuth sweep until the signal is acquired.
Troubleshoot 1: Rotate the Feed component until you achieve the correct polarity confirmed by optimal signal representation.
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5.2.16. Using the iSite Antenna Pointing Tool to Fine-tune the Antenna Alignment
Before aligning your antenna to the correct satellite using the iSite application, you must always power down the satellite router when connecting and/or disconnecting the coaxial cables. You must also disable any firewall application, as this will interfere with the procedure. To fine-tune the alignment of your antenna to the correct satellite using the iSite Antenna Pointing tool: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Open iSite, and right-click the TDMA Remote submenu. Select Align Antenna. Select Antenna Pointing, then select the Antenna Pointing Tab. Select Start to initiate the process. Remove the TX cable from the BUC and press OK. Monitor the Current Signal Strength values, the graph and the audio cues, for reference during steps 7 and 8 of this procedure. Adjust the elevation to the correct value, according to the site location and antenna offset. Sweep the sky in the expected azimuth area until you acquire the satellite signal. If the signal is not acquired, decrease or increase the elevation angle by slightly adjusting the strut, and repeat the azimuth sweep until the signal is acquired.
7. 8.
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The signal in the graph progresses from red (no signal detected) to green (signal detected). You can also hear this progression audibly in broken sound bites that increase in pitch and volume as your alignment becomes more accurate. The signal represented in green on the graph has the highest audio pitch. A Current Signal Strength value of 14 or more volts of direct current confirms that SkyVisions downlink carrier has been detected. 10. Adjust the feed horn slightly and monitor the Current Signal Strength to complete the maximization of the gain. 11. To determine the best polarization setting, rotate the feed element until you acquire the strongest signal level with the least amount of interference from the opposing polarization.
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Parent Topic:
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Chapter 6
6. Troubleshooting Introduction
This chapter describes how to resolve issues that you might encounter during the VSAT installation procedure. Make sure you refer to the troubleshooting information that matches your iDirect Satellite Router Model.
6.1.
5.
6. 7.
8.
9.
10. Verify that the receiver is supplying between +13 and +18 volts to power the LNB. 11. Verify that the LNB PWR LED is lit green. If it is off, try to reset the satellite router. If the LED is red, the IFL cable that connects the LNB to the satellite router has short-circuited.
12. If there is a signal from the LNB, but no signal at the router, check the signal at the end of the cable before the router with a spectrum analyzer. 13. In the Option File, under the MODEM PARAMETERS section, increase the rx acq_range to 2 million.
Parent Topic:
Troubleshooting Introduction
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5.
6. 7.
8.
9.
10. Verify that the receiver is supplying between +13 and +18 volts to power the LNB. 11. If there is a signal from the LNB, but no signal at the router, check the signal at the end of the cable before the router with a spectrum analyzer. 12. In the Option File, under the MODEM PARAMETERS section, increase the rx acq_range to 2 million.
Parent Topic:
Troubleshooting Introduction
5.
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7.
8. 9.
10. Ensure that all external BUC assemblies are properly grounded in accordance with grounding instructions supplied by your antenna and receiver manufacturer. Grounding protects the BUC against lightning and ESD damage. 11. For proper system operation, consult your iDirect Satellite Router manual. 12. Verify that the BUC PWR LED is lit green. If it is off, try to reset the satellite router. If the LED is red, the IFL cable that connects the BUC to the satellite router has short-circuited. Check the ODU section in the Option File to verify that the tx iflDC=1.
13. Verify that the external cover of the coaxial cable has no breaks or cracks, and that the cable has no sharp bends, pinch points, or flattened sections. 14. If you replace the BUC, verify that the Local Oscillator Frequency remains the same. If it is not, under FREQUENCY TRANSLATION in the Option File, change the Local Oscillator Frequency to the new setting.
WARNING: There are no user-serviceable parts inside the BUC. Failed BUCs must be returned to the factory for testing. Opening the BUC or any attempt to repair the BUC will void the BUC warranty.
Parent Topic:
Troubleshooting Introduction
5.
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7.
8. 9.
10. Ensure that all external BUC assemblies are properly grounded in accordance with grounding instructions supplied by your antenna and receiver manufacturer. Grounding protects the BUC against lightning and ESD damage. 11. For proper system operation, consult your iDirect Satellite Router manual. 12. Verify that the external cover of the coaxial cable has no breaks or cracks, and that the cable has no sharp bends, pinch points, or flattened sections. 13. If you replace the BUC, verify that the Local Oscillator Frequency remains the same. If it is not, under FREQUENCY TRANSLATION in the Option File, change the Local Oscillator Frequency to the new setting.
WARNING: There are no user-serviceable parts inside the BUC. Failed BUCs must be returned to the factory for testing. Opening the BUC or any attempt to repair the BUC will void the BUC warranty.
Parent Topic:
Troubleshooting Introduction
Parent Topic:
Troubleshooting Introduction
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2. 3. 4. 5.
Parent Topic:
Troubleshooting Introduction
Troubleshooting Introduction
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Resources
Azimuth and Elevation
To find out how to position your antenna so that it can "look" at the satellite to which you wish to downlink and uplink to, refer to the azimuth and elevation chart in the following link: www.dishpointer.com. (See Calculating Azimuth and Elevation.) You can also use the VSAT PRO mobile app to perform the calculations. Go to http://corporatenetworks.skyvision.net/app-landing-page to download the app.
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Glossary
Az
See Azimuth
Azimuth
The Azimuth (Az) is the VSAT antenna beams pointing angle found by clockwise movement around the vertical plane from True North.
Arc
See Orbital Arc
Bps
See Bit Rate
BUC
See Block Up-Converter
Bit Rate
The bit rate is the rate of the transmission of data in bits per second (bps).
Block Up-Converter
The Block Up-Converter (BUC) receives L-Band signals from the satellite router, translates them into the desired band of operation, provides the power for amplification, and applies the translated amplified transmit signals to the VSAT Terminal antenna for uplink to the satellite.
CP
See Circular Polarization
CW
See Carrier Wave
Carrier Wave
The carrier wave (cw) is an electromagnetic wave which is modulated by the baseband signal.
C-Band
C-Band is the portion of the RF Spectrum that is typically 3.625 to 4.2 GHz on the satellites downlink and 5.85 to 6.425 GHz on the satellites uplink.
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Circular Polarization
In a circularly polarized wave, the polarization rotates one full turn for every cycle of the RF carrier. The propagating RF wave therefore has no fixed orientation for its electric and magnetic fields as the wave propagates, so the orientation of the antenna's transmit and receive feed have no effect on the signal level received over the link.
Clarke Belt
The Clarke Belt is the circle in space above the equator of the earth that contains all the slots for geostationary orbit satellites. It is named after Arthur C. Clarke who was the first to propose the idea of placing active repeaters in space along this circle.
Clearance Angle
The clearance angle is the angle between the antennas' pointing direction and the terrestrial interference.
dB
See Decibel
dBW
See Decibel-Watt
DVB-S
See Digital Video Broadcast Satellite
DVB-S2
See Digital Video Broadcast Satellite
Decibel
A decibel (db) is a term of measurement to express the relative difference in power or intensity between electric signals. Db equals 10 times the logarithm of the ratio of two powers. For example, 20 watts is bigger than 1 watt by 13 dB. Decibels do not indicate an absolute value; they are used only to compare two power values.
Decibel-Watt
The dB-Watt is an absolute value of RF power level compared to one Watt. For example, 4 watts equals 6 dBW.
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El
See Elevation
Elevation
Elevation (El) is the second antenna pointing angle considered for locating the satellite target above the horizon during the VSAT ground station antenna alignment.
Elliptical Orbit
The elliptical orbit is an orbit path that follows the shape of an ellipse. This orbit path is used to place satellites into a geostationary orbit.
Enterprise VSAT
An Enterprise VSAT terminal is used for business or enterprise purposes.
Feed
The feed component in a reflector antenna is itself an antenna that radiates the signal towards the reflector component of the antenna.
Feed Horn
A feed horn is the antenna feed component completed by a waveguide horn. Feed horns typically have a beam width of 30-90 degrees, and are used to illuminate the main reflector, which then funnels the energy into a narrow beam. Feed horn apertures come in various shapes such as rectangular, circular, or even elliptical. The horn usually has a feed window, which is a non-conducting film stretched over the opening to keep moisture out.
Footprint
See Satellite Footprint
Frequency
A frequency is the characteristic of an electromagnetic wave and/or an RF signal. It is the number of cycles the voltage and/or the fields complete in one full reversal cycle per second. Operational Bands, like C-Band, Ku-Band, and Ka-Band, are determined by the frequency.
GEO Orbit
See Geostationary Orbit
Geostationary Orbit
The geostationary orbit is an orbit approximately 22,000 (36,000 km) miles above the earths surface in the plane of the equator that has an orbital period equal to one sidereal day. Satellites positioned in a GEO orbit appear to an observer on the surface of the earth as stationary objects in the sky.
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Hub
A Hub is an earth station that acts as the central role of a star or "hub and spoke" network. The Hub station is composed of a large antenna and high-powered amplifiers. One advantage of this is to minimize the remote VSAT terminal antenna and amplifier size requirements. In a Hub station scenario, all surrounding VSAT traffic must pass through the station resulting in the inability for VSAT terminals to communicate directly with each other, even if their electronics allow for this.
IDU
See Indoor Unit
IF
See Intermediate Frequency
IFL
See Inter-Facility Link
Indoor Unit
The Indoor Unit (IDU) is the component of the VSAT terminal that is located indoors. It is usually the satellite router. The IDU is connected to the Outdoor Unit (ODU) via an IFL link.
Intermediate Frequency
The Intermediate Frequency (IF) is the resulting frequency of the combination of the carrier signal with the Local Oscillator. In a satellite receiver, the RF signals are down-converted to a lower frequency band. The outgoing signal is delivered over the IFL to the outdoor equipment, where it is up-converted to the transmitting RF band. Transmission over the IFL and demodulation is less complex and expensive.
Inter-Facility Link
An Inter-Facility Link (IFL) is the set of co-axial cables that connect the indoor equipment to the outdoor equipment of a satellite earth station. In a VSAT terminal, the IFL is usually one or two coaxial cables carrying IF signals, control signals, and DC power.
Ka-Band
The Ka-band is typically in the downlink frequencies of 18 to 22 GHz and uplink frequencies of 27 to 31 GHz.
Ku-Band
The Ku-band is typically in the downlink frequencies of 10.7 to 12.75 GHz and uplink frequencies of 13.75 to 14.5 GHz.
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LAN
See Local Area Network
LEO
See Low Earth Orbit
LNB
See Low-Noise Block Converter
Latency
Latency is the measured time it takes for data traffic to travel from a start point, through a network path and finally arrive at its destination. Satellite circuits have characteristically higher latency due to the physical limitations of the earth-to-satellite-to-earth propagation path, which currently is almost 250 milliseconds.
Latitude
Latitude is the angular distance north or south of the earth's equator, measured in degrees along the meridian of the earth. Lines of Latitude are parallel lines around the earth that represent the angle of line from the surface of the earth through the center of the earth with respect to the earths axis of rotation. The equator is the Zero Latitude line.
L-Band
L-Band is a standard IF (Intermediate Frequency) used in VSAT ground stations for signals passing between the antenna and the indoor equipment.
Link
A Link is the signal path from one earth station to another distant earth stations demodulator.
Link Margin
A link margin is the amount that a signals power may be reduced before it reaches an unacceptable level of bit error rate performance.
Longitude
Longitude is the angular distance on the surface of the earth, measured in degree values, positive or negative, and east or west from the Prime Meridian at Greenwich, England.
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MEO Orbit
See Medium Earth Orbit
Microwave
Microwave signals are RF signals in the 3 to 30 GHz Frequency Bands.
NOC
See Network Operations Center
ODU
See Out Door Unit
OMT
See Orthomode Transducer
Off-Axis
The off-axis angle is any angle of radiation away from the actual angle of an antennas main beam.
Offset Antenna
An offset antenna is an antenna designed with its feed positioned away from the reflector aperture which eliminates blockage and the scattering of the main beam due to the support struts and the feed. Offset antennas come in prime focus or dual reflecting optic designs. Both typically have good gain and low side lobe performance.
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Orbital Arc
The orbital arc is the imaginary arc in the sky formed by connecting the pointing angles of all the geostationary satellites visible at any given location on the surface of the earth.
Orthomode Transducer
The Orthomode Transducer (OMT) combines two opposite polarized signals in a very low-loss way and serves as the junction element of the ODU to protect the LNB from burn-out by the power of the output signal generated by the BUC.
Outbound Carrier
The outbound carrier in a star VSAT Network is the broadcast signal transmitted by the hub and received by the remote VSAT Terminals.
Packet
A packet is a unit of information transmitted from one node on a network to another over Ethernet and IP. This transmission unit is of a fixed maximum length containing a header, an address, a data payload, and error detection information. Ethernet packets usually contain IP packets as well.
Pointing Error
A pointing error is the difference between the direction of an antennas main beam and the direction to the intended satellite target. Pointing errors can result in a reduction of the signal strength and an increase in signal interference.
Pol
See Polarization
Polarization
Polarization (Pol) is the orientation of the electromagnetic field of a propagating wave with reference to the antenna's vertical or horizontal axis.
Propagation
Propagation is the phenomenon of electromagnetic waves traveling through space or other medium. The term, propagation loss, is typically used to refer to the adverse effects caused to a signal passing through the atmosphere and water.
RF
See Radio Frequency
Radio Frequency
Radio Frequency (RF) is a signal at its operating frequency in a communications link. In the case of satellite links, RF is a term used to describe the signal at its C-, Ku-, or Ka-band operating frequency.
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Rain Fade
Rain fade is a propagation loss factor caused by the absorption and scattering of the microwave signal to or from a satellite due to water droplets in the atmosphere.
SATCOM
SATCOM is a generic term for satellite communications of all kinds.
Satellite Footprint
A satellite footprint is a set of contour lines used to map out on the earth's surface points of equal signal strength received from a satellite. The footprint is determined by the design of the satellite antenna and the direction that it is pointed.
Satellite Router
A satellite router is an IDU that contains a modulator and a demodulator and thus is one of the essential components of a VSAT Terminal.
SCPC
See Single Channel Per Carrier
Single Hop
A single hop is a signal transmission passing through a satellite circuit which originates at one earth station and terminates at the second earth station.
Slot
A slot is a geostationary orbit assigned to a specific longitude where a satellite is parked and maintained.
Spectrum Analyzer
A spectrum analyzer is a device used to test the power of a signal as a function of frequency.
TCP/IP
See Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
TDM
See Time Division Multiplexing
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TDMA
See Time Division Multiple Access
Teleport
A teleport is a communications complex typically consisting of multiple earth stations pointed to a variety of different satellites and providing interconnection to terrestrial fiber optic transmission systems.
Terrestrial Interference
Terrestrial interference is caused when an object on the ground interferes with the line-of-sight between the earth station and the satellite.
Topology
A network topology is the pattern of links connecting pairs of nodes of a network. A given node has one or more links to others, and the links can appear in a variety of different shapes. The simplest connection is a one-way link between two devices.
Transceiver
A transceiver is an outdoor antenna-mounted electronic module that provides frequency translation and amplification for both the uplink and downlink signal paths.
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Transponder
A transponder is a frequency-selective signal processing path functioning as both a receiver and a transmitter on a communications satellite. It receives a microwave uplink signal from earth, amplifies it and retransmits it back to earth at a different downlink frequency. A communications satellite typically has several transponders.
VSAT
See Very Small Aperture Terminal
Waveguide
A Waveguide is a hollow pipe designed to be a low-loss way to transport microwave signals between components in the RF signal path, carrying the high power RF Transmit Signal from the transmitter to the antennas feed. They are much more efficient than coaxial cables; however, they are physically larger and much more expensive.
Wavelength
Wavelength is the distance between peaks of an oscillation over time. It is also defined as the distance the wave travels (in meters) between one complete cycle of E/M field variation.
Wi-Fi
See Wireless Fidelity
WiMax
See Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
Wireless Fidelity
Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) refers to any type of IEEE 802.11 network that uses high RF signals to transmit and receive data over distances of a few hundred feet using Ethernet protocol.
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