Jessie Zhao Period: 1 Chapter #30: The War to End War Big Picture Themes 1.

. President Wilson outlined the wars objectives with his Fourteen Points. They set the goals of free seas, self-determination after the war, and establishing a body to prevent future wars. 2. A military draft was instituted, the first since the Civil War. 3. Women went to work more than theyd ever done and black soldiers were drafted into the military into segregated units. 4. The Americans focussed their military effort in protecting Paris from the Germans. 5. At the Treaty of Versailles, Wilson agreed to allow England and France to punish Germany for the war. In return, they agreed to start Wilsons League of Nations. 6. However, the US Senate rejected the Treaty/League. They didnt wish to turn over Americas decision-making to a foreign body like the League of Nations. Chapter #30 Identifications George Creel headed committee in Public Information--> his job was to sell America on the War, propagandist, sold them a little "too" far Bernard Baruch head of war industries board to help economic confusion, attempted to impose some order on the U.S. war production Henry Cabot Lodge enemy of Wilson, head of Senate Committee on Foreign relations, Republican who disagreed with the Versailles Treaty James M. Cox was a Governor of Ohio, U.S. Representative from Ohio and Democratic candidate for President of the United States in the election of 1920. Self-Determination ability of a gov. to determine their own course of their own free will, Collective security a system in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all Normalcy a return to "normal" life after the war. Zimmerman Note A note written by Arthur Zimmerman, a German, forming a German-Mexico alliance to fight against the US and Mexico could regain all the land lost from the American-Mexican war. Led

the US into WW1 Fourteen Points Wilson's revolutionary ideas, the war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace; called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations League of Nations an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations Committee on Public Information led by George Creel, used to sell America on the war Espionage and Sedition Acts This law, passed after the United States entered WWI, imposed sentences of up to twenty years on anyone found guilty of aiding the enemy, obstructing recruitment of soldiers, or encouraging disloyalty. It allowed the postmaster general to remove from the mail any materials that incited treason or insurrection. Industrial Workers of the World led by William Haywood, many member convicted under Espionage Act War Industries Board headed by Bernard Baruch, to help economic affairs during war, failed quickly Nineteenth Amendment Gave women the right to vote. Food Administration led by Herbert Hoover--> his campaigns (meatless tuesdays, wheatless wednesdays, etc) increased food exports drastically and farming production too Irreconcilables These were Republicans who wanted no part with the League of Nations. They were a burden to the vote on the League of Nations and had a part in its failure to pass. (most hated Treaty of Versailles as well) Treaty of Versailles Created by the leaders victorious allies Nations: France, Britain, US, and signed by Germany to help stop WWI. The treaty 1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Airforce. 2) Germany had to repair war damages 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manufacture any weapons.

Chapter #30 Guided Reading Questions War by Act of Germany Know: "Peace without Victory," Unlimited Submarine Warfare, Arthur Zimmermann 1. What events led Woodrow Wilson to ask Congress to declare war?

The Zimmerman note and Germans unlimited submarine warfare led Wilson to declare war. Wilsonian Idealism Enthroned Know: Jeannette Rankin 2. Name Wilsons twin war aims. How did these set America apart from the other combatants? To make thw world safe for democracy and to prevent a hyper-destructive war. It gave America an idealism, because the other combatants were after territories or riches. Wilsons Fourteen Potent Points Know: Fourteen Points 3. List several of Wilsons Fourteen Points. This was a speech Wilson gave to Congress on Jan. 8,1918 to keep America confident, inspire the Allies to keep fighting. These are the first 5 points: a proposal to abolish secret treaties, a freedom of the seas, a removal of economic barriers, a reduction of armament burdens, and an adjustent of colonial claims. Creel Manipulates Minds Know: Committee on Public Information, George Creel, Four-minute Men, The Hun, Over There 4. How were Americans motivated to help in the war effort? They became passionate about defending democracy for America and the world. Enforcing Loyalty and Stifling Dissent Know: Liberty Cabbage, Espionage Act, Sedition Act, Eugene V. Debs, William D. Haywood 5. How was loyalty forced during WWI? If you voiced any opposition to the American war effort, you could be convicted and sent to prison. The Nations Factories Go to War Know: Bernard Baruch, War Industries Board 6. Why was it difficult to mobilize industry for the war effort? Americans were not fully prepared, there was ignorance of how to build weapons and machinery for a war effort, and states did not want economic control by the federal govt. Workers in Wartime Know: "Work or Fight," National War Labor Board, Wobblies 7. How did the war affect the labor movement? It stiffled the labor movement and led to violnet and bloody confrontations Suffering Until Suffrage Know: NAWSA, 19th Amendment, Womens Bureau 8. How did the war affect women?

How did the war affect women?

It gave we workforce and women a chance to enter the ier workforce and redefine their traditional roles. Forging a War Economy Know: Food Administration, Herbert Hoover, Meatless Tuesdays, Eighteenth Amendment, Heatless Mondays, Liberty Bonds 9. Did government become too intrusive in peoples lives during the war? Give examples to support your answer. Yes, the government called for voluntary measures but the war propaganda was so strong that people were pressured into conforming. Making Plowboys into Doughboys 10. Was the governments effort to raise an army fair and effective? The government let soldiers have a say in desicions but also started work-out sessions to stay in shape. Fighting in France--Belatedly 11. How were American troops used in Russia? American troops were used to fight with the Russians so that Russian ammunitions wouldn't fall into German hands.

America Helps Hammer the Hun Know: Marshal Foch, John J. Pershing, Meuse-Argonne Offensive, Alvin York 12. Describe the effect of the American troops on the fighting. The Americans provided thousands of young fresh, patriotic soldiers to fight in the war. The Fourteen Points Disarm Germany Know: Armistice 13. What role did America play in bringing Germany to surrender? America made Germany think that the US had unlimited reserves of soldiers to help the Allies continue fighting against them. Wilson Steps Down from Olympus Know: Henry Cabot Lodge 14. What political mistakes hurt Wilson in the months following the armistice? Wilson broke his promise of "Politics Adjourned" by backing Democrats in the congressional elections. The Idealist Battles the Imperialists in Paris Know: Vittorio Orlando, David Lloyd George, Georges Clemenceau, League of Nations 15. How did Wilsons desire for the League of Nations affect his bargaining at the peace conference?

He bargained with the idea that the Allies would not take the conquered colonies, but the league of Nations would appoint countries to be "trustees" of these territories. Hammering Out the Treaty Know: William Borah, Hiram Johnson, Irreconcilables 16. What compromises did Wilson make at the peace conference? Wilson agreed to the "Security Treaty" which promised France that both America and Britain would come to its aid if Germany attacked, Wilson angered the Italians by giving a valuable seaport to Yugoslavia instead of Italy, Wilson angered China, by bowing to Japanese pressure and giving Japan temporary ownership of China's Shandong Peninsula. The Peace Treaty That Bred a New War Know: Treaty of Versailles 17. For what reasons did Wilson compromise his 14 Points? He compromised to save his League of Nations and to keep Imperialism in check in Europe. The Domestic Parade of Prejudice 18. Why was the treaty criticized back in America? Isolationists criticized it beacuse they did not want to be "entangled" with foreign countries. Some Americans were upset because it either wasn't harsh enough on Germany or wasn't favorable enough to their native lands. Wilsons Tour and Collapse (1919) 19. What was the purpose and result of Wilsons trip around the country when he returned to America? He wanted to rally support for his League of Nations. Defeat Through Deadlock 20. Why was the treaty finally rejected? It was deadlocked and Wilson had hatred for Lodg and refused to let it pass. The "Solemn Referendum" of 1920 Know: Warren Harding, James M. Cox, Normalcy 21. What did the results of the 1920 election indicate? The country was more interested in isolating themselves than in world peace. The Betrayal of Great Expectations 22. How much should the U.S. be blamed for the failure of the Treaty of Versailles? It was the country that spearheaded the treaty and abandonded it. Varying Viewpoints: Woodrow Wilson: Realist or Idealist? Know: Realism, Idealism, Wilsonianism 23. To what extent was Wilson realistic when he called for a world of cooperation, equality and justice among nations? Wilson was realistic when he realized that the striving of cooperation, equality, and justice amog nations was the only thing that would prevent future wars.