MERKAVA SIMAN 3 (MK 3) BAZ

IN ISRAEL DEFENSE FORCES SERVICE PART 1

Written by: Michael Mass
Editor and Graphic Designer: Rafy Levy
Contributing Editor: JoAnn Sperber
AU photos are from the author's private collection unless
otherwiseindicated.
2007 AU rightsreserved by Desert Eagle Publishing
Approved by the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) Censorship Bureau
Printed inKorea
Acknowledgements:
We would like to thank the following for theirsupport and
cooperation:
Lt.Colonel Ron Kamiely,commander
Tel-Aviv IDF Censorship bureau
Avi Landesman
Tel-Aviv IDF Censorship bureau
Our wives ... for theirlove and support
Gilad Mass for his guidance
Chan Kie Lee from Legend
We dedicatethisbookto all Merkavacrew membersofIDF
Armor Corps who losttheirlivesfor thesecurityofIsrael.
Contents:
The Merkava Family, Names and Derivatives .... .. ...... .... .... ......... 3
The Merkava Siman 3in Action .. ...... .... ................. .... ..... .... ..... 9
The Man and the Machine .... ...... ...... .... .............. .. .... ... ....... .... 22
The Merkava Siman 3in Detail .... .... .............. ... .. ... .......... .. .. .. 36
The Merkava Siman 3in Detail-Power Pack .. .......... ...... ...... ... 67
Tactical Signs-No One Alike .. ........ .. ... .... .... .... .. .. ................. 69
Modeling Merkava Siman 3Baz.... ...... .............. .. ...... ... ...... ... ... 72
D
Desert Eagle
productions
PUBLISHING
ISBN 0-9788844-2-6
[over Page- A formation of two Merkava Mk 3 BAZ tanks belonging to
the SUfa Battalion, 3rd Company completes maneuvers near Shifon
Mountain in the northern Golan Heights.
" . o
NAMES AND DERIVATIVES
THE MERKAVA FAMILY
T
he name MERKAVA was given to the family of Israeli
designed and produced Main Battle Tanks (MBTs) , a
name that has several meanings.
Chariot-ancient horse-drawn vehicle. A name that
represents the vehicle that was in use by the army of
the kings of Jehudah.
Assembly-representing the fact that the production
and assembly took place in Israel. in Hebrew the word
"assembly", comes from the same root as chariot.
Complicated-another word related to the same root in
Hebrew as the above meanings of the word Merkava.
NAMES AND DERIVATIVES
THE PROTOTYPES-Developers built several mockups
and prototypes during development of the Merkava tank.
Developers built at least two concept demonstrators on
the base of the Shot-Kal (Centurion) tank hull.
In the concept demonstrator, the driver's compartment
was originally in the right front comer of the Shot-Kal
hull. Later, the compartment moved to the back of the
hull, which became the hull's new front. Under this con-
fig uration, the driver's compartment was on the left side
of the engine compartment and was opposite the original
Shot-Kal's driving direction. For this hull, driving "for-
,'.rard" meant using the reverse gear. The Merkava's
engine deck enabled improved visibility for
:ne driver.
--
Unlike the prototype from Latrun, based on Shot-Kal
", ::hout other Merkava features, the prototype in Jaffa
some hull shaping, cutting and welding that includes
rear access door. The tank's battery compartment is
:n the left rear of the vehicle and the nuclear-, biologi-
and chemical-filtering (NBC) equipment is on the
:-:ght rear of the tank.
The IDF built and tested a few pilot prototypes for
',--mous proving ground tasks.
Merkava Mk 1 (Siman 1) -The Merkava Mk 1 entered
:'-.: 0 service in the late 1970s, replacing the Shot-Kal
--=:1ks of the Seventh Armored Brigade in the Golan
:-::ghts. At the same time, other Merkava Mk 1 tanks
into service in the Armored Corps School
3:s a'sh) for professional crew basic training and with the
- : '}th Brigade for tank and platoon commander training.
t1erkava Mk 1 special design consisted of a front-
; : 5:tioned 900-horsepower Teledyne Continental engine,
.: on the original Patton (Magach) 750-horsepower
The engine was coupled with an Alisson automatic
.. One of the Merkava concept demonstrator prototypes is based on a Centurion
hUll, with the driver's position near the original engine compartment. The ongi-
nal engine deck of the Shot-Kal (IDF dieselized Centurion) was reshaped for
better visibility by the tank driver. This vehicle is on exhibit in the Yad La'Shiryon
Memorial site and Museum in Latrun. The original final drives and sprocket
wheels, found in the rear of the original Centurion hull, are now locoted in
the hull's new "front. "
transmission, used extensively in the IDF.
This design also featured a passageway in the back of
the hull for easy entrance and exit from the rear of the
tank. The passageway also enabled easy access for loading
of ammunition and other equipment.
The 105mm main gun was based on the standard can-
non, made by Israeli Military Industries (IMI), the com-
mon gun for all other IDF MBTs. The turret's low, narrow
silhouette is one of the Merkava Mk l's unique features.
The silhouette means less of the turret shows in observa-
tion or firing positions. The turret's narrow shape,
.. A Merkava Mk 1 during 1982's Peace for Galilee operation
in Lebanon.
3
IDF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3
especially noticeable when looking at the tank's front ,
is smaller than the turret race (bearing) diameter. As a
result, designers added two bulge castings to the
turret's sides.
The Mk 1's running gear consists of three dual suspen-
sions on each side. The design includes two road wheel
ports, reminiscent of the Centurion tanks. The front and
rear suspension units feature two spring assemblies on
each unit, as well as linear shock absorbers. The sprocket
wheels are in the front of the hull, on both sides of
the power pack. The idler wheel and the tensioning
mechanisms are fitted in the rear of the running gear.
Besides the 105mm main gun, the Mk 1 also had three
7.62mm MAG machine guns-one for the commander, a
second for the loader, and a coaxial gun placed to the
left of the main gun. A 60mm mortar is outside the
right side of the turret. The commander is operating
the mortar manually.
The Mk 1 tanks were in service during the Peace for
Galilee operation in 1982 and participated in fighting
in western Lebanon and Beirut.
Merkava Mk 1 hybrid (Siman 1 Meshupar)-After
several years of service in the front lines as part of the
Seventh Armored Brigade, the Merkava Mk 1 tanks fin-
ished their regular service and went to Reserve units
of the Armored Corps.
Shortly after the new Mk 2 was developed, the IDF
undertook an Mk 1 improvement program that included
installing several internal and external components. This
version became known as the Merkava Mk 1 hybrid.
.... - -:5 ''erko'la Mk 1 hybrid displays many of the tonk's spedal features, such as
:- = ; - : r ;' ; r=-:; ,2 launchers, chains and balls on the turret basket, and newside
----= --= -;' atch includes a mounted periscope that is visible
.A. This side view of a Merkava Mk 2 of the Seventh Armored
Bngade during training near Naffakh shows an advanced
applique armor pattern, visible on the turret sides and side
skirts along the hull. This tank features different road wheels,
some made with rubber and some without.
Its main features included new side skirts supported
by heavy-duty leaf springs, smoke grenade launchers on
both sides of the turret front, flexible rear baskets for
crew equipment and an improved commander's hatch with
a large built-in periscope. Designers added a laser detec-
tor mast to the turret's roof and lengthened the rear hull
service door handles.
The changes were made in several stages. The later
improvements included a new fume extractor for the
105mm gun and a new arrangement for using the open-
ing wrench. Improvements are continuously added.
Merkava Mk 2 (Siman 2)-The Merkava Mk 2 was a
significant step forward, with the addition of supplemen-
tal. second-generation armor placed on both sides of the
turret and replacement of the Allison transmission with a
new automatic version. The transmission, manufactured
in Israel. helped the IDF realize substantial savings.
The Mk 2 was fitted with two smoke grenade launchers
on both sides of the turret's front. Each had six grenades.
Designers replaced the Mk 1's external 60mm mortar
with a new mortar, located on the left side of the loader
compartment and operated by the loader from inside the
turret. Installation of a new power pack, coupled with a
larger exhaust grille on the hull's right console, required
reshaping the engine deck of the Mk 2.
Developers also added a new fire control system (FCS)
and a laser detector mast on the turret roof. The Mk 2
used several types of armored side skirts, some mounted
on rounded leaf springs and others on flat springs. The
side skirts absorbed shocks experienced by the pivot-
mounted armor sections during the tank's maneuvers.
A new designed basket was installed on the rear of
c
....; Merkava Mk 2 and Mk 3D park side by side near Metula during the events of summer 2006. The tanks belong to the Bnei-Or Brigade and are
i7.lipped with several adaptars. The Merkava Mk 2 on the right has only its right KMT (Nachri) adaptor, while the Merkava Mk 3D has a new front
:::aotor for various assault purposes.
-":.2 turret, and the unique suspension system included
:":.efirst reinforced road wheel on each side. That marked
:. significant departure from the dish-type road wheels.
>.2 new wheels featured reinforcing ribs and weight
:- holes.
Merkava Mk 2B (Siman 2 Bet)-TheMerkava
2underwent many changes during its service in the
: Armored Brigade and Reserve armored units.
::2signers added heavy-duty roof armor to protect the
from aerial attack threats. Additionally, designers
:':jed flexible baskets for crew equipment at the rear
: :he hull. Further, the commander's hatch was replaced
--::; ID improved one.
Merkava Mk 2D (Siman 2 Daled)-Severe threats in
:':.:: security zone in southern Lebanon prompted 1M1 to
advanced armor for the Merkava Mk 2. The armor
was extensive and contained anew turret
=-":::2, including armor for the roof, hull sides and front
:-.::' ules, as well as redesigned side skirts. The Ordnance
added new bellyarmor. The new version ofthe Mk
= :'-50 was equipped with reinforced tracks, like those
onthe Magach 6B Gal Batash.
Aerkava Mk 3 (Siman 3 Ramaqh)-TheMerkava
_ :-: 3was designed following multiple years of experience
-_:.:. the Mk 1and 2. The Merkava Program Authority
__:'_l1ta'k) and Merkava Development Center (Rapa't)
_-':- 1duced three main improvements that resultedin a
:::=-.:.rkable increase in the fire power, protection and
=:.:-.euverability of the Mk 3, compared to Mk 1and 2.
>-eiopers redesigned the turretand hull extensively
with substantialattention paid to increasing the level of
protection, both in terms of shape and type of armor.
Unlike the exposed turret side bulges thatcovered
the turret race in the Mk 1and 2, long armor console
modules protectedthe sides of the Mk 3.
The power pack was another of the Mk 3's advance-
ments. The tank was fitted with amore vigorous power
pack,which consisted of anew 1,200-horsepowerengine
designed byTeledyne Continental Motors (now part of
GDLS). The tank also featured amore powerful automatic
transmission. To complete the new design's power train,
engineers kept the suspension concept ofthe former
.&.A Merkava Mk 2D of the Seventh Armored Brigade, near the village of Shtula,
a few meters from the international border with Lebanon, during the war in
August 2006. The unique armor installed on the Merkava 20, with heavy-duty
modules on the turret and hull, is clearly visible. The tank belongs to the First
Battalion, according to the single white stripe painted on the gun barrel, and
the number inside the brigade embLem painted on the left front fender.
5
.& The Merkava Mk 3D of the Sufa Battalion parks near the village of Misgav-Am in northern Galilee after the battles of August 2006. The tank is
part of the Golan (Third) Company, but does not have a company chevron marking on the side skirt. The white stnpe painted on the upper side of
the gun barrel is evident.
Merkava models that was based on dual pivot arms, but
adapted the individual trailing arms support by adding
large coil springs and absorbing mechanisms.
Developers also installed the Mk 3's road wheels with
different gaps between the ports for better weight distri-
bution. The tank used a new wider track link, thus lower-
ing the Mk 3's ground pressure.
The increased firepower resulted from developing and
installing the new 120mm smooth-bore main gun. The
meteorological sensor mast moved to the turret's left
side from the right side of earlier Merkava models.
.& A Merkava Mk 3 Ramaqh of the Bnei-Chail Brigade, Second Battalion, Second
Company, participates in maneuvers in the Negev desert. The tank shows the
clear silhouette of the turret side. The brigade emblem appears on right rear
fender with the number "2" for Second Battalion. The two stn'pes on the gun
barrel also indicate that the tank belongs to the Second Battalion.
6
Instead of housing the NBC filtering system and elec-
trical batteries in the rear chambers, the Mk 3 had two
large fuel cells in the same location, completing the rear
shape on both sides of the hull rear door and "building"
the "leaving angle" of the tank. The turret's rear basket
is similar to the Mk 2.
The first Mk 3 model was named Rama'k, which means
electrical mirror head. That term refers to the type of
sight used for the FCS.
Several improvements installed on subsequent Mk 3
Rama'k tanks were later retrofitted into early versions.
Among the improvements were roof armor; a round hatch
for the loader, which replaced the oval one; and a uniqUE
air-conditioning system designated "Yoni." The air-condi
tioning system included four hoses in the tank, one for
each crewman. Each hose connected to a crewman's
overalls.
The Merkava Mk 3 entered into service within the
Barak Brigade, in parallel with the Mk 2's at the Seven
Brigade. The armored Reserve brigades also used the
Mk 3 tank .
Merkava Mk 3 BAZ (Siman 3 BAZ)-EL-OP Co.
developed an FCS that upgraded the tank's lethal
capabilities. Designers added a panoramic sight to
the turret's roof, enabling the commander to engage
a second target while the gunner engaged with an
earlier target. Experts consider the BAZ (Falcon) FCS
a state-of-the-art electro-optic tank system.
Merkava Mk 3D (Siman 3 Daled)-Part of the
Mk 3 BAZ fleet was fitted with additional turret
:""--::lor within the production line. Developers installed
-=- .- long armor consoles along the turret's sides. The
,..::cessful and advanced turret supplement, installed on
early Merkava Mk 3 BAZ tanks, gave the vehicle
::3 name: Merkava Mk 3 Dalet.
Merkava Mk 4 (Siman 4)-The Merkava Mk 4 is
::-.e latest version in Merkava tank development. It is the
::=::st tank without the traditional air-cooled American-
=..:.de Continental Motors engine. The AVDS series of the
::::ner engines were used in all Magach (Patton), Shot-
:-0..') (Centurion) and Merkava Mk 1, 2 and 3 tanks. The
:!::<4 uses the MTU 1,500-horsepower water-cooled
similar to one used in the Leopard 2.
-:'he Mk 4 also uses the 120mm smooth-bore gun, like
Mk 3's, and the same suspension system. The most
-...o:bLe change is the reshaped turret and hull, necessi-
-:::. :'2d by a new design of additional armor. The front of
engine deck hull featured a flat shape, unlike the
': ':.ged decks of other Merkavas. Designers replaced the
grenade launchers, each with six grenades, with
launchers inside the additional armor. Each side
six built-in launchers.
Another unique feature of the Mk 4 is the lack of
'.: :.:ler's hatch to allow improved protection of the roof.
i:.-S -:-:-.e commander's hatch is extensive and operated eLec-
:::::ally. The commander's MAG 7.62 machine gun is on
=- rail, enabling the commander to operate the
in all directions.
Other Mk 4 tank innovations include a new FCS, cou-
:h ; "uwith electronic warfare capability. The panoramic
of the FCS is in the left center of the turret's roof,
::::: osite its location in the Mk 3 BAZ.
Sholef SPG (Tomat Sholef)-Manta'k asked the
.:am Group to develop a self-propelled gun (SPG)
:-:32d on a Merkava chassis. The company built two
that used the Merkava Mk 1 platform
':: evaluations. The program ended because of high
: :}:iuction costs. After this program cancellation,
=? acquired more American-made Ml09A2 SPGs for
Artillery Corps.
Namer Infantry (APe version)-Manta'k developed
:':-.t ther Merkava-based vehicle for the Land Forces
::. mand. Designers converted a Merkava 1 chassis into
=- :teavy-duty armored personnel carrier (APC) called
_.:....-ner, which stands for Merkava APC (NAg mash-
NAMES AND DERIVATIVES
.A Merkava Mk 4 passes afire caused by a mortar shell near the internab"onal
border fence during the summer 2006 conflict. The tank belongs to the Second
Battalion of the 401st Brigade. The new arrangement for the towing cable on the
hull's front and the attachable belly armor are evident in this photo.
TWO BADGES OF BRIGADES
OPERATING MERKAVASIMAN3 TANKS
The emblem of the Merkava 3 Barak The emblem of the Ii !, 3
(Lightning) Brigade shows a sword on Egrof Va'romakh (Fist c a L nce)
the background of the Haifa Bay Reserve B'iqCO E
(former Shot-Kal Brigade). (former A X1 3 8'-:qcC E:) .
PATCHES OF BATTALIONS
OPERATINGMERKAVAMK3 TANKS
A patch of Sufa (Storm) , the A patch of "Golan, the one'n' only"
First Battalion of the tank hunter team, of the
Barak Brigade. Barak Brigade.
7
IDF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3
... A prototype of the general purpose Namer in the 7000 Central Ordnance Depot shows the main features of a the Merkava-based APe, including a
crane used by the company's technical team. The IDF also uses the vehicle for general purposes, such as medical evacuation and close support. This
Name!, based on a Merkava Mk 3 chassis, uses road wheels with different gaps.
.:
.. -., ,)
f!. '
... ...
. ..,.: '
' :;
"
8
MERkava). The "NameI" also means "tiger" in Hebrew.
This version was used by infantry in the same fighting
echelon as the Merkava tanks and had the same maneu-
vering capabilities of the Merkava. Based on its experi-
ence during the 2006 conflict with HezboUah in southern
Lebanon, the IDF has decided to build a large fleet of
Merkava-based Namer APCs for regular mechanized
infantry brigades.
Narner Fitter GP (Shin-Kaf/Chatap)-In order to
give Merkava's technical teams a well-protected APC
with maneuver capabilities similar to the tank's,
Manta'k officials decided to build two more versions
of a Merkava-based heavy-duty APC.
The first was a heavily protected substitute for the
widely used Ml13 Chata'p (company technical team)
used in every armored company unit. The GP Chata'p
APCs give close support that technicians need to perform
light repairs in the field. The APC also can carry a
medic and is caned GP APC.
The APC is equipped with a medium-size crane and has
a roomy compartment. The Namer has two 7.62 MAG
machine guns mounted on a traversing rail around two
openings in the vehicle's roof.
Narner ARV (Achzaka)-The armored recovery vehicle
(ARV), the second Namer prototype presented by Manta'k,
... This prototype of the heavily armored Namer APC was part ,
an exhibit at a low intensity conflict convention in 2005. It is
Merkava Mk i-based APC with heavy-duty advanced armor moCr
ules. The armor gives the crew the best possible protection. Th ,
APC can be equipped with various types of armament.
was equipped with a high-capacity lifting crane and large
recovery winch. The Namer Achzaka (maintenance) has
roles in second and third echelon recovery and mainte-
nance, similar to the M88Ai ARV already in use within
the IDF.
THEMERKAVA51MAN 3 INACTION
'. .
- .. ':;. .
.
.! -
.. . '. -
.A ! I erkava 3 Ramaqh during training maneuvers in the Golan Heights. The tank belongs to the First Battalion (SuJa) oj the Barak Brigade, First
- (Aleph), Second Platoon commander. The tank commander is low in the turret, ready to operate the MAG 7.62 machine gun. The tip oj the
:- _ - :;arrel, which is not covered by the thermal sleeve, is painted matt black. The tank is equipped with two heavy-duty towing cables, secured on the
,'Je oj the hull. That arrangement is not typical oj all Mk 3 variants.
-:od-
, The
...:.:ge
L: -
l
(
."
Ao ' . -

, l
"
' . I ...
- -
. '
' \ '" .

", .,. .

,..
r.
\
(. r,
.
. .1 .. .. .
. ..... ". _.. -
... - -Jther Merkava 3 Rama'k in a sharp maneuver presenting its "chains and balls" tilting in different directions. The tank belongs to the SuJa
: Third Company (Gimel), First Platoon. The varying gaps between the road wheels' positions are evident. The insignia on this tank is visible
_ -:: turret basket's sides and on the second section oj the side skirts.
9
'.. ' . . . . "-/ r
/ -.... 'f..,,>::_').'-""""
, :'- . ... ...
... A Merkava 3 creates dust and black smoke dun'ng training in northern Israel. The tank's commander and loader observe action to the left of the
tank, where other tanks are moving fast. The Barak's marking of a five-pointed star is painted on the n'ght front fender, while the 3 Bet (third tank
in Third Platoon) is painted on the left fender. Many hull front details are visible, such as the front pintles, attachments for the mine roller system
(Nochn) and the main gun's travel lock. The turret's smoke grenade launchers are empty.
I
THE MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN ACTION
... ! Ilerkava Mk 3 BAl comes to a hard stop. The front road wheels are pushed up because of pressure on the front of the tank. The roof armor and
:- .:ramic sight are visible and identify the tank as an Mk 3 BAl. It is the third tank in Third Platoon, Third Company. Its towing cables are on the
- - - 5 left side for easy dismantling before use. Most wheels in this tank are made of steel, with the exception of the fourth wheel from the front,
-': - has a rubber nm.
. - .......
'.
:. .. .
'. - ..... ---
... A convoy of Merkava Mk 3 nics
belonging to the Sufa Battal:ofl ;'O '{5
prior to an exercise in 'he G c)'" de;q 1:5.
The twa closest tanks are 2 2
the Second Platoon, w' . e e -8"::
tanks are 1 and 1 Bet oj 12 F";: 010:00n.
All Second Compo y (BeL) 'Jre iden-
bfied by the forl'larcp [he 0
insignia on the side sk:i::..S. T :', ' 9 cables
are stovled and seG.rea [' e turret's rear
basket. The Bara, Brigaae l or, 'ng is
painted an the ig ,t rear fender and the
tank's tactical nick is on the left rear
fender. All commander helmets and the
crew's personal gear are positioned on the
machine gun handle and turret's roof The
- main guns are at 2 o'clock to enable easy
access by the driver.
... --;; ::..;; " J/ ril e l1erkava 11k 3 SAl signals other tanks in the formation using flags. Colored flags are a traditional method of military communica-
::- :: -. _;' , ; flags saves the communications network from conversations dun'ng daytime hours of good visibility. Two grenades remain in the right
.:_-:,,,1. Th e pattern of the armor on the engine deck and side skirts is clear. The armored shield for the gunners sight is folded up, leaving access
.::; - [N; day channel through the slot in the shield.
. . ~ ~ .
... A close formation of three l1erkava 11k 3 tanks in a training field in the Golan Heights shows various platoons joining a battle group, with com-
manders and loaders low in their turrets. Soldiers place stretchers, fitted on each tank's rear stowage baskets, on different sides. Dust and smoke mix
to the right of the tanks.
THE MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN ACTIO
:0- ... :. rear view of a Merkava Mk 3 formation reveals a close tank with twa types of markings. Although it is painted and marked as the third tank
:.: --:rd Platoon (1 Bet) on the left rear fender; it also has removable tactical signs painted an a rectangular piece of fabric an the turret's basket
: ,- -:-:Dj'ing it as the second tank of Third Platoon. The Barak division mark is painted on the right rear fender of this tank, which belongs to the Third
; - 'id) Company. Folded stretcher cannect to the hull's left rear basket in all three tanks.
~ - . _ ~ _ , _ ._. -.- 'r "-
\ - ~ 7 - 't' - : - ~ ~ -;
\
\
\ /
--1-:'1_
0' ......
... - e leading tank of First Platoon cammono'er splits fram the main farce while the third tank of Third Platoon moves forward. Both tO ri ,1es :=.: -; ~ -
:: 7Jix -_.__ Golan (Gimel) Company of the SUfa Battalion. Note that the antennas, one is thin and the other is thicker; are both painted off-' ' ~ ~ _:: - ~
~ :ility. The towing cables in this tank are stowed at the rear of the turret.
IDF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3
This view of Merkava Mk 3 BAl shows the tank preparing to move. The commander, wearing his tankds helmet, gives last-minute instructions to
the crew. The third tank in First Platoon of the Third Company (Gimel) has a pair of towing cables attached to the left side of the hull console. The
markings are applied to the barrel, side skirts and tactical fabric panel using white paint and black shadow paint.
- t ,
Rear view of a Merkava Mk 3 Rama'k in service with the Bnei-Chail (Braves) Brigade in the Negev Desert. The tank is second in the Second Platoon
First Company, Second Battalion, according to its tactical markings. The brigade's tactical emblem appears on the right rear fender, with the number
"2" marked inside the tank silhouette. The tank's unique chains and balls screen, hang from the bottom of the turret basket along the rear. The flexi-
ble rear stowage baskets fit to both sides of the hull's rear door, with a small foldable stretcher attached to the basket on the left_

.... Merkava Mk 3 points its gun toward the camera. The main gun is above the rightfrontfenderfor easy accessfor the driver. The narrow silhou-
: ::= if the turret and the large width ofthe tracks are evident in this photo.
... - "': . d ' .... ,
-:oon,
:er
;::;exi-
---: view ofaMerkava Mk 3 BAlshows areinforced KMT 4-type mine roller device called Nochri Degem Gimel (Foreigner model (). The main differ-
_ :2tween the older Nochri and the reinforced version is the main arm structure. The older version, areplica ofthe Soviet-made KMT 4, is made of
::.....:. =.: ;ound bars. The new Nochri Degem Gimel has aheavy-dutystructure made ofarectangular cross-section. The main structure and concept are
_ .. : - e, as is the operating procedure. AMerkava with Nochri in motion is an impressive combination,especially in close-up view.
OF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3
~ ... The heavy-duty improved
KMT 4 mine roller system (Nochri
Oegem Gimel) is similar in its
structure to the former KMT 4
Nochri Degem Bet. Unlike the
direct attachment of the Nochri,
which is welded to the rulers in
the front of the hull on Merkava
Mk 1 and 2, the Nochri Degem
Gimel is attached to the Merkava
Mk 3 using an adaptor, which is
connected to the two front
shackles on the tank's hull. Every
Nochri system has an identifica-
tion number like every tank or
vehicle in the IDF. That identifi-
cation consists of a Tsadi letter
and six-digit number.
~ ' . ~ .
~ .. - ; .. ..
." ..
'rHE MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN AC1'ION
1(; ' -
0: .' '0.
(, (, , ..
. . .. . . ..

A A left side view of the Mk 3 8AZ with
a Nochri Degem Gimel mine roller system
shows the angle of the smoke grenade
launcher and the angled rear turret basket.
The third and fifth road wheels has rubber
rims, while the other wheels are all steel.
.... In addition to the Merkava's ability to
push assault equipment like the Nochn'
mine roller system, the tank also pulls and
pushes bridges like the "Meyshar" sliding
bridge, towed by means of a pair of chains
connected to the rear shackles. A discon-
nection device connects to the chains. The
loader or commander operotes the device
using a rope hanging from the rea O, ':!' e
turret basket.
IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2- MERKAVA SIMAN 3
j ~ . = . - - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ 1 ~
.A. Afront view of a Merkava Mk 3 pulling a "Meyshar" bridge using its rear shackles. The rope and chains that release the tank from its connection ~
the bridge also connect the tank to the bridge so the tank can push the bridge toward an obstacle. The crew can lower the chains to a connecting
anchor on the bridge, and adapt the bridge to the tank in a simple way, without leaving the vehicle.
Merkava Mk 3 BAZ tows a "Meyshar" bridge during an exerdse in the Golan Heights.
The angle of the right smoke grenade launcher is visible in this photo.
THE MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN ACTION
-'" -Meyshar" bridge, in a noncombat maneuver, is towed by a Merkava Mk 3 with its turret traversed to the rear, while the hull pulls the bridge
~ : . The traversed turret allows the commander to have increased visibility amid other tanks and trees.
I DF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3
... A pair of Merkava Mk 3 tanks park side by side near the viI/age of Metula during the events of summer 2006. The tank at left is an Mk 3 BAl w:
its narrow turret front silhouette, while the tank at right is an Mk 3D with its added-on turret armor modules that give the turret a much wider lOG
Both tanks are part of the Second Battalion of the Bnei-Or Brigade.
...A tank convoy of the Barak Brigade crosses a road in the Golan Heights during
maneuvers between training sessions. The Merkava Mk 3 Ramaqh uses tires spread
on the road to prevent damaging the asphalt.
THE MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN AC'rlON
21
- :nth
:: ok.
.. -, 2 markings on aMerkava Mk 3
of the Sufa Battalion, the 1st of
i
- =3arak Brigade,include astar
\
,
'" - : ,emon the right rearfender and
.:.-= r:'1ain gun's single white strap. The
asan 11 Gimel marking on the
-s=- -Earfender.
- :]l1kcommanderofaMerkava Mk
,OJrepares his crew to move. The
,'ghts are on and the main gun is
inits travel lock. The tank
- - tothe 2nd Battalion ofthe
: -School, and is the 3rd tank in
::. : -1 Platoon of4th Company.Note
'" types ofroad wheels and
'" _--: ]insofsand and oil along the
_ ,'_ lde.
IDF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3
THE MAN AND THE MACHINE
The Merkava Mk 3 crew consists of a commander,
loader, gunner and driver. This is their story.
Each crewman is trained to be skilled in per-
forming more than his own duties. For instance,
the commander as a gunner, and the loader is
trained as a driver.
A company commander in his tank secures his Glilon
5.56 rifle to the typical bracket. The commander wears
fire-resistant Nomex overalls and gloves and a new
helmet, which is based on the same model used by
helicopter pilots.
T A commander and loader of a Merkava Mk 3 BAZ in
their typical locations in the tank's turret. Many fea-
tures of the turret devices are clearly visible in this
photograph, including the commanders and loaders
machine guns, protected gunner's sight, panoramic
sight in front of the commander, and detector on top
of the gun shield.
,.
..;
.......
-

~
. /
. .
...... .
. -" ..~ ..
: =--ewmembers of a Merkava Mk 3 take a break between training sessions. They wear Nomex flame-resistant overalls and gloves, while their
.:::- .:: vests and harnesses are left behind on top of the turret. The roof armor and empty grenade launcher are evident in this picture. The soldiers
~ _':::Jed with the IMI-made Galil rifles, with their stocks unfolded.
- , =-,:,': of a Merkava Mk 3 BAZ rests. The driver stands in his compartment sb'll connected to the VICl intercom system via the wiring harness.
-
. ...
...

. ' .
-
/
.I
',./
A Tank crewmembers listen to instruc-
tions given by the platoon commander
in front of a Merkava Mk 3 tank. The
stocks of their Ga/il rifles are unfolded.
The smoke grenade launcher is shown
here, with red stenciling on the upper
side indicating the manufacturers
name and catalog numbers.
A tank commander of the Merkava
Mk 3 BAl stands on the turret of a
tank marked 11 Gimel on the tactical
insignia panel. The soldier wears air-
cooled overalls designed by the
Kinetics Co. The overalls feature a
connection plug in the bottom of the
front zipper. Note the three antennas
and the different chain and ball
lengths.
."
" ,
,' .
. , '.'
THE MANANDTHE MACHINE
_.:. 01. Ze'ev Sharoni, commander of the
:._=:: 5attalion at the time, gives instruc-
---, _sing a portable communication
The officer wears standard Nomex
- _.3. with the Suja battalion patch,
.- :"ries the shortened version of the
- e- commander of the Land Forces,
_:-= -. Uri Sagi, (standing at nght)
. _ :'" early Merkava Mk 3 for a live
-: "":..-:'""1tion. The officer at left is Col.
-= : 10n, then commander of the Armor
__ "Jte the early, longer version of
. ,d sensor mast to the left of
: :-_-::{ v/ater container.
-:'-."... .. - . ..
. ,::,- . '-. :......:..; .' ... .
.,.., ...,:.
.-:" .. ' . :-:.... " . ....
. ....
J: .. ..
IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3
A captain (Seren) leans on G 1151 soft-top
vehicle. He wears Nomex standard overalls, v\lith
the Sufa battalion Datch on tile left side of his
chest. A tactical insignia pene! is attached to the
spare tire of the 'Iehicle.
T Two technicians from the Battalion Ordnance
Team (Macha'g) check a part removed from the
/0k 3 povler pack because of technical failure.
The tank's power pack was lifted and mounted
on a five-ton Reo truck, equipped with a strong
crane called chetz (arrow). The vehicle is mount-
ed on four hydraulically operated arms.
.'
THE MAN AND THE MACHINE
The co oor
J
'5 : ~ : - - : . ~ . : ~ :
(chata'p) . 0":2.5 :-:: ::-::-:-: - :
before removin" : ' :::.',:-
pack for repair 0 ' (j _ ~ _ ~ ..::'.
The upper mounted ceo ',;
fans are clearly visible. l ate
the easy accessibility to the
power pack when the turret is
traversed to 3 o'clock.
. 1
IDF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3
";
AND THE MACHINE THE MAN,. --=-__
main gun IS , stored on both sides ,of
- - nition jor the 120mm 'dor between the fighting
, - , a clear corn sibil-
--;; - -! 5 rear door, leaVIng h' rovides increased acces
- , t and the rear door. T, IS en on a stretcher
wounded Infantrym , ,
- - :;:'/s soldiers to carry , The shells are indIVidually
-- for supplies.
-.:oers more room d to the hull.
- - fire-resistant canisters secure
types 0
if
120mm shells,
- - the transportation
- =-, : Jded J'
fy
om e
-__ age canisters to re-arm th
...
1"'"
::0 ,: Mk 3 tank.
--
"':::'_
..
'"::-
",
Mk 3 crew unloads the
- V,erkava m fy
. unition canisters J' 0
- - - amm , mainte-
' :ank in accordance With
'The tank belongs -egulatlOns.
-- h 6th Venus
- --: irst Platoon of ted
- --ny In 'the battalion as marke
--- left rear fender. Markings on
--- bove the n'ght rear fender
;= - _'x a ks if terror-
- --te three killing mar 0 I
- _. - d Although the so -
oar the er. h
- . - I if!: wears overalis, two ot er
=. . e . tenance field cloth-
--0 s wear main
-;:- d two types of field hats.
IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3
... Chata'p mechanical techrr
dans add engine and transrr:.
sion oils after re-installation
the power pack. Even during
routine maintenance, the Ga.
rifle hangs on the side skirt
mounting for immediate use.
The dusty and oily exhaust q-
adds color to the tank's sana
yellow appearance.
T The Armored Corps once arranged competitions between teams from different brigades to encourage excellence among the units. Various skills We
demonstrated such as gunnery. maneuverability, and track removal and installation. Here, a Mk 3 crew workts to reconnect the track ends while thE
;
,.
driver (not visible) remains in his compartment for further commands. The working area is marked with white on the ground.
\ -
THE MANANDTHE MACHINE
~ : ni-
. -smis-
- n of
_-: grillE
:: d-
- .,<..
, -.
'\ - ~
. ".
' .. \. ..
.. -.
- ,
'-
':9
. .. \.,
"';' ~
. 4
..
'\ . , l
-.
10
.. "" . .. ", ' \ to
.J
" ,I, .
. , ":- , " , 1
t ' ,
.. ,
O_R S_ER_I_ES N_O_._2_- 3 ____ __ __ __ __ ______ ____________________________
... The crew of a heavily scratched Merkava Mk 3 extracts a pin from a damaged track link. The link was sprayed with yellow paint after the track VI
checked for cracks in the steel links. The tank was driven to a stage where the marked link rests between the sprocket and the first road wheel. Too'
used in this photograph include a 5-kilogram hammer and a long holder for the No. 1 undersize extracting punch that will make the first extracting
move of the pin.
Connecting pin
\
Securing bushing
Center guide
... The structure of the Merkava Mk 3 track links is radically simple, consisting of the main
body of the link that uses forged steel, one pin and two securing bushings for each pin. The
guiding teeth, in the single link on the bottom of this drawing, prevent the tank from sliding
in or out from the track.
Tank crews wear different types of clothing duri .
training. The soldier at the left wears fire-resistant
Nomex overalls and gloves, while the soldiers at tho
right wear standard field uniforms, including infan.
webbing for guard tasks.
.--:-g - -:; :cmk crew's new weapon is the AR15 5.56 rifle, which replaced the heavy GaUl or GUion IMI-made rifles. Soldiers take a water break in front
<3 and Mk 3 Dalet with the markings of the 2nd Battalion in the brigade. During non-combat downtime and when in the field, many units
~ : ; small, multi-use diesel generator for electricity.
IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3
.A. Two Merkava Mk 3 tanks park
side by side, which leaves a shaded
area between the tanks covered with
a camouflaged net near the northern
Israeli border. Soldiers pull the net in
place to cover the turret after remov-
ing antennas from their masts.
THE MEN AND THE MACHINE
- - fl rmor officer must supervise loading or unloading a tank from a tank transporter. Here, an officer stands high on the traile(s bridge, giving
.' :0 the tank's driver. These officers use a specific signaling language for directing the tank.
-"':2r the tank is loaded and secured to the traile(s bed, the officer signs the transportation voucher presented by the OAF (MAN) tank transporter's
;:.. anks are transported without antennas and machine guns.
-
35
IDF ARMOR SERIES NO.2- MERKAVASIMAN 3
THE MERKAVASIMAN 3
INDETAIL
The gunner sight of the Merkava 3 is similar to
the Magach 6B Gal's, especially its external head
assembly. The periscope head, protected on all
sides, uses a folding split-front armored shield. In
the daytime, the gunner can operate the sight
when the shield is in its raised position by using a
slot in the left section (when pointing forward).
The right channel operates the night elbow and is
operational only when the right armored shield is
folded down. The shield halves fold up and down
from inside the turret.
;-
-/
,
", ,
MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAIL
--.
'4
?
I
-'T ' .-.. . .

1,Ii-
,-

,y
!)
<
)
I
i
--
,
-.-.. ----=
\-
\
"
-.- -----........
/
- } Mk 3 upper turret sections, visible on this page, have extensive differences. The roof armor modules in the upper photo are of an early type, as
:- ;; TRP commander's sight between the box and the machine gun mount and the 60mm mortar armored housing. In the lower photo, the roof
- . . is a later version, as are the mortar dust cover, protective structure and commander's typical panoramic sight. The loader's rotating periscope,
- is identical in both Mk 3 versions.
IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2- MERKAVASIMAN 3
~ Clear views of the Merkava Mk 3 BAZ show supplemental roof armor and the straight side armor consoles that cover the turrE:
race. Smoke grenade launchers and many attachments are fitted to the turret's sides and front, including the short version of tr,
crosswind sensor mast (upper picture). Soldiers secure the towing cable end by means of a chain. The turret, traversed to the n:
~ o ~ : _-ender, reveals the driver's access hatch.
MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAIL
.. The Merkava Mk 3 turret, traversed a bit to the
right, exposes the upper deck of the rear hull. Two
fuel cells are placed on both sides of the rear door,
while a flexible stowage basket is visible to the rear
of each cell. The stowage boxes along the hull's side
consoles store equipment and the tank's electncal
batteries, which designers relocated from the turret
and rear of the hull of former Merkava variants.
.... The small turret basket in the Merkava Mk 3 has a
low profile and stores some tank and crew gear. The
rear hull's stowage baskets fill the gap in stowage
capacity. The antenna mounts arrangement is visible
in the lower photo.
3
IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2- MERKAVASIMAN 3
..
.. The turret sides in the rear house many attachments. These include, from left, the laser warning sensor; two brackets for smoke cans and an add'
tional antenna port (left photo). Other attachments, in right photo, are a spare track link, crosswind sensor mast, jerry can support, antenna moun:
and another warning sensor.
.. The fitting of identical launchers to the right and left sides of the turret is different for each side. The left launcher (right) connects to the brae. .-
on the upper side and "hangs" from the bracket while the right launcher (left) fits the bracket's lower side and "sits" on the bracket. Both launchc
tilt outward from the tank's center line.
... - I, ) of the six-round smoke grenade launcher show it in the open position. While the one in the left picture is expose its internal details,
: -" -: 5 0 _ 1'!5 the cover folded to the side, exposing the six grenades ready to be launched.
--
MERKAVA SIMAN 3 INDETAIL
:- ;:irical harnesses connect the operating box inside the turret and the launchers. Lifting hooks in the rear of each launcher
easy removal of this heavy device. A locking L-shaped handle also is found in the rear of the launcher. Since the launcher is
-::-::[11 on both sides, note how the lifting hooks are in the upper rear on one side, but in the lower rear when the launcher is
:!ed on the opposite side in an upside down position.
Locking handle
_ Electrical connection of I
" \!' win'gj'=from ,,",'
f
\j
0 ',
II

- '
Right, lower
/'
-
-..
'''-i-
"'"

"
it

\'if:'.
10 2i

"'"-
\
m nti g oracket
Turret's side
-ng shows the installation of the tank's right launcher, which connects to the bracket from its lower part.
: lers of these launchers are made offabric.
41 I
IOFARMOR SERIES NO.2- MERKAVASIMAN 3
A The commander's hatch tilts to its full open and secured position in the Mk 3 SAl. The tilting shaft and its housing are visible inside the turret ir
the commander's location. The commander's machine gun fits to an angled ammunition box that supports a conical feeding roller.
... --::; .Jccers access hatch, at right, and the commander's access hatch, at left, are identical. These late-version hatches differ from earlier version"
- : : r : : ~ ~ J e n and close. Although the loader's hatch lifts up and back for opening, the commander's hatch slides on a vertical shaft.
MERKAVA SIMAN 3 INDETAIL
I
I
L __
"
,.:,......
' . , .

a
Q
2%
-
(
I

I
-- : -: covers the rear storage basket connected to the turret, thus protecting it from rain and sand damage. Soldiers secure 7.62
_-:-:on boxes, with two spare 250 rounds each, to the rear of the turret for immediate use by the commander and loader. The
::.-- :doning system louver is under the loaders hatch.
//" , .
.

.,:.. .
. . : .:' .
- ;
. ;...- ., . ... ' ,
. ,/. 1.... , :. ,
"'/,'.': ' .: .. .- ..... .; :' .
'= photo shows a view from the turret front looking toward the commander's and loader's locations. The view shows the roof armor,
-. .' .' machine guns and 60mm mortar.
IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2- MERKAVASIMAN 3
.A. Tank commanders use several channels in their communication sets and
frequently install additional channel selectors in their tanks, positioned in
accessible locations as shown in this photo. The 60mm mortar is missing its
metal protective structure.
Note the round cover with the handle in front of the
commander's hatch, compared to the installed sight in same
location as in the lower photo on page 45.

"
..._ _",.:",,: t :.
1-
;- .",
.... ... ...,::... .
., lr
,'.( :.\

.A. The pivot mount for the commander's hatch can be seen here inside the turret. The hatch is opened in the Mk 3 by raising it
and rotating counterclockwise and to the rear. The mechanism and the rotating shaft are inside the white cylinder.
MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAIL
I f:;J7C-zK2
-

.; -... "
=":e fixed periscopes surround the commander's location, with a larger rotating periscope in the upper part of his hatch. The rotating periscopes in
=photos are in opposite directions, while the hatch is in the same angle. The commander in the left photo has no panoramic sight even though
_ was prepared jor installation of the equipment. Note the cover with the handle at left, compared to the installed sight in the same location
.:,- right picture.
" ,0,1
/
./
@
,i
) .
I
-- early Merkava Mk 3 tanks, the TRP rotating sight was in front of the commander, similar to its placement in the Mk 2 (left photo). Designers
:_2d the panoramic sight, equipped with a protective shutter, in the Merkava 3 BAZ, instead of the TRP,
IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2- MERKAVASIMAN 3
- ~ - -
- ~
- ~ - !- ..
- - ~
_"':- _oj .
. ~
. "#
- .. -- - : . ~ . _ . I t : ~
'- f,.\ - "
./1'- - .
"F ;
:.. "
- - - - . ~
J '
.A. The photos on this page compare the new round loader's hatch to the old
oval type.
~ ... The new hatch is very versatile and can be locked in several open positions;
secured backward, flat and secured vertically. Each spn'ngy rotating shaft pivot
Co ,
MERKAVA SIMAN 3 INDETAIL
(- (e) Ji.
-eor part of the early Mk 3 turret stores two additional electrical batteries, near the basket, and the NBC filtering system in the
;- ) .'In in the middle of the upper photo. In later Merkava Mk 3 tanks, designers replaced the NBC filtering system with an air-
: ,ing system, signified by a grille in a similar location (lower photo).
lDF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3
-; . 7
>
.. ......
.... These photos present two versions of the 60mm mortar dust cover and shield. At left is the early type of armored protection used on the produc-
tion versions of several Mk 3 tanks. Using the more common, late-type dust cover and protective structure, rubber plugs block both mortar muzzles,
preventing the entry of water and sand.
'l ...."'"
""'"'''''..... ...'\,\.''-' ''
.... --E' of {mor of a Merkava Mk 3, which looks like a small table, leaves space for the location of the 60mm mortar. Note the triangular lifting
: =::!- O ':0 the armor modules.
MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAil
-nree laser warning sensors surround the Mk 3 turret. One is above the main gun mantlet, with two more near the rear of each side of the turret.
- .70nt sensor attaches to a bracket that is connected to the gun shield (left) , while the side sensors (at right) connect to the turret side. The two
- - - j metal supports are used for smoke cans.
A The triangular bracket for the laser warning
sensor is clearly visible here, as is its electrical
wiring harness. The round flange for the attach-
ment of the .50-caliber machine gun is behind
the front sensor.
Note the roof armor modules and lifting tri-
angle pintles. The coaxial or parallel machine
gun is located in the slot. Gunsmoke stain and
carbone residue are clearly visible here.
OF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVASIMAN 3
... The Merkava Mk 3 uses different designs in many systems
and locations. Two dust covers and shields for the main gun are
visible here. At left, the later type of upper metal shield is
visible. At right, the traditional fabric dust cover seals
completely the gap between the main gun and the turret.
-"
. . . . .. ..
.. _... .
...... . ...:


.....
- '
\
\
\
\ -
\
\
... -"e 120mm main gun of the Mk 3 shows its thermal sleeve sections and the large gas evacuating cylinder. The gun's tip is black, while the rest
: :-:; ;- 0" .+1 wh ite and black marking straps. The single white strap with black shadow indicates that the tank belongs to the 1st Battalion. ThE
: - -: :.::re -' ermal sleeve are in the upper part of the gun.
THE MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN ACTION
-.=- gin weapon of the Mk 3 is a smoothbore 120mm gun, shown here fUlly assembled as part of the 2000 Military Technology Exhibition near
- , e thermal sleeve fits to the external front section of the gun.
The gun is secured in the typical trav-
ellock between the thermal sleeve's rear
section and the gas cylinder.
III.. The gun manufacturer added four
drilled extensions along the front edge
of the gas cylinder for easy opening of
the locking ring during maintenance.
T Note the night-glaring indicator
attached to the upper part of the gUn
muzzle.
51
rDF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3
I.'ie fIIerkava Mk 3 features sev-
eral patterns of engine comport-
ment decks. The one shown here
has rivets on the deck's upper sur-
face. The triangular lifting pintles
enable removal of the deck during
maintenance. The locking handle
of the rota6ng front cover of
the transmission section also
is visible. This closeup reveals
the course anti-skid sUrface mate-
rial that covers many areas of the
tank.
J;. This photo provides details on the driver's access
hatch, surrounding area and grilles. The driver's
position is next to the engine and transmission
compartment, thus many cooling levers are found
in this loca60n. Note the three penscopes in front
of the driver's position. The driver's hatch rotates
outward to allow easy accessibility when the
turret is traversed clockwise slightly.
J;. The driver's hatch opens in a gO-degree rotation until stopped by a limiter, revealing the
full entry to the compartment while the turret is traversed slightly.
MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAIL

o .
,
' ,' a'n'ver's compartment is between the engine compartment, at n'ght, and the
_: ull console, The bulkhead between the engine and dn'ver's compartments is
:ent in the lower photo, Three pen'scopes are in the front of the dn'ver.
The parts and assembly of the driver's hatch
.... The steen'ng handle and accelerator pedal (n'ght) and brake
pedal (center) are in comfortable positions for the driver. Three
periscopes are in the front of the dn'ver.
-r, e driver's seat is directly below the access hatch, so the driver can position
:elf quickly, The seat height can be adjusted using the mechanism at left,
... Most driving instruments and switches are in the main panel to
the left and front of the driver. The red safety locks, attached to the
switches, prevent inadvertent operation of the driving systems,
... A rear view of the Merkava Mk 3, with the power pack in the hull front removed, shows easy access to the rear hull. The open box, at right, h : ~
the driver's tools, mainly used on track links. A pair of flexible baskets connects to the rear fuel cells for storage of the crew's personal gear. A s
foldable stretcher is secured to the left basket.
... The traversed turret in these photos allows a rare glimpse of the pioneer tools on the upper rear section of the hull, as well as the covers of th:
filling caps of the rear fuel cells.
... : .JSUP ohoto of the two covers to the filling caps show that the left covers is for diesel fuel for the fuel cell while the right is for drinking wat::
--: = : ~ . s-:'oping devises for the pioneer tool and a lifting hook are seen on the left, while a top shot at right shows the inner filling caps.
MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAIL
... The rear hull fenders house several stowage boxes. The box at left
divides into two sections, with the first-aid kit stored in the left side
and the right side reserved for the rear intercom VICl set. The other
box, at right, holds various driver tools, including all equipment used
to install and extract the tank's track pins.
<III The rear external intercom VIC1 , known also as the rear infontry
box, anables communicating with the crew from outside during com-
bat as well as for mantenance tasks.
,..
,.. J
. ... . " 'l"
=\'\
., to'
... -,e Mk 3'5 rear door is in the center of the rear hull between the two fuel cells. The door consists of two sections, upper and lower, opened
c= =:her by a single mechanism. The horizontal black bar in the upper door section is the external opening handle, while the white lever in the
side of the corridor is the internal handle. A glimpse into the corridor reveals several of the extra 120mm ammunition canisters.
55
Fabric insert
~
Detachable lower plate
~
Flexible Toga
plates
IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2- MERKAVASIMAN 3
... The Merkava designers planned a unique solution for
storing the crew's personal equipment that allows easy
accessibility. Two flexible baskets on the rear side of the
two rear fuel cells hang from an upper bar structure. Each
basket is made of fabric, which offers increased flexibility.
The assembly also includes several Toga plates connected
by metal rings. The crew mounts the assembly in its upper
frame, the bottom of the basket follows the "leaving"
angle of the tank, in case an obstacle hits it.
..._- ~ C se of emergency, the crew extracts two securing
: . ~ :: : : : e ~ -' e iower plate. The equipment then falls to
Hanging bar structure
Rubber bumpers
"rHE MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAIL
.; view of the hull front shows the Nochri connecting rulers, two towing pin ties, shape of the engine and transmission deck's special design. This
- : gement leaves a clear area for driver observation. Foldable clear main lights are on both sides of the hull.
-I

T The Merkava Mk 35 front lights consist of a single clear light on each side of the tank, attached to the foldable mount and cover. Unlike the
Mk 1 and 2, the Merkava Mk 3 does not have an infrared light. During daylight, the assembly folds down into the hull to prevent damage.
-----
57
IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2- MERKAVASIMAN3
... The early design of the Merkava Mk 3's suspension featured a reinforced front road wheel that is no l o n ~
used. The advanced running gear consists of six pairs of road wheels mounted on trailing arms in paired
assemblies. The tanks absorb shocks through sets of tilted helical spn'ng assemblies. Each side of the tank
features three single wheels and two double wheels that support the upper level trocks (known as the Vicke r:
concept). The sprocket wheel assemblies fit to the final dn've in front of the tank, while the idler wheel is ir
the rear.
... A clear view of the sprocket wheels with the mud-clearing device between the two sprockets is visible in
the left picture. Also, note the wear marks on the sprocket teeth. The massive idler wheel has special holes
in the n'm surface that touches the track. The design reduces weight, fndion and mud buildup.
THE MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAIL
Left final

Sprocket wheels
... The sprocket assembly fits in the upper front of the
running gear, thus creating the approaching angle of the
track. In this Mk 3, the crew detached the front side skirt
from its mount because of a collision with another tank.
Removal of the side skirt reveals the suspension's structure.

.... A pair of sprocket wheels fitted to a carrier on each side
of the tank's front drives the track. The camer attaches to
the output shaft of the final drive assembly that operates
as a reduction gear.
. ucture of the Mk 3's unique suspension is visible in these photos. The structure of the trailing arm and hub is also detailed in the drawing on
ote the angle of the tilted helical springs and the hydraulic bumpers.
.... The polished track's center teeth are evident
in the left photo. This shiny part rusts quickly if
the tank operates infrequently. Note the two
types of road wheels in the photos at right. The
rubberized rim wheel has an insert inside the
nm to prevent mud buildup.
THE MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAIL

Sprocket wheels
The sprocket assembly fits in the upper front of the
running gear, thus creating the approaching angle of the
track. In this Mk 3, the crew detached the front side skirt
from its mount because of a collision with another tank.
Removal of the side skirt reveals the suspension's structure.

.... A pair of sprocket wheels fitted to a carn'er on each side
of the tank's front dn'ves the track. The carn'er attaches to
the output shaft of the final dn've assembly that operates
as a reduction gear.
- -:: structure of the Mk 3's unique suspension is visible in these photos. The structure of the trailing arm and hub is also detailed in the dra wing on
58, Note the angle of the tilted helical spn'ngs and the hydraulic bumpers.
.... The polished track's center teeth are evident
in the left photo. This shiny part rusts quickly if
the tank operates infrequently. Note the two
types of road wheels in the photos at n'ght. The
rubben'zed n'm wheel has an insert inside the
n'm to prevent mud buildup.
59
IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2- MERKAVASIMAN 3
/
Triangular
lower support
Leaf-spring IT :
Side

\ C,,,""

wast : .
... The triangular support for each side skirt pair mounts on a leaf spring. There are five supports, like the ones on each side of the tank, mounting
side skirt plates on each support. The crew secures each side skirt, which hangs on the upper part on the central bracket, using heavy-duty bolts.

".
... This photo shows three rear skirt sections on the left side of the tank, numbered 18,19 and 20. Each side has 10 sections. Chains on both en ds
secure each pair.

o
.&. /, e shape of the triangular support can be seen by the location of the securing bolts. The side skirts also mount by bent upper hangers. Notice the:
- c) i 'ng of side skirts 3 and 4 on the right is different only in the attachment of the central bracket because of its location adjacent to the
THE MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAIL
A Besides the mounting in the upper part and the securing bolts, the crew secures the side skirts to each other-and to the hull's side-
_-'ng chains. Welded plates on each side skirt feature the serial number, positioning number and bars that indicate the armor generation
:: ird in the photo at right).
~ -wo access doors are on the hull's left console. The left door, located in the side front, allows access to the fire extinguishing manual operation
~ = _ m s The door in the middle photo is for auxiliary starting of the tank by another tank using a special eledrical harness. The whole rear stowage
- In the right is for oil and lubricant cans.
;:17 photos show the tensioning devices assembled in the hull's lower ends. Although in the Merkava Mk 1 and 2 tanks these devices were operated
~ _ - ng a large screw mechanism, the ones in the Merkava Mk 3 operate hydraulically, using a spare track pin as a handle. The detachable lower
. f the rear baskets are clearly visible in these photos.
rOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3
~ ~ ~ li erkava Mk 3's four crew members work as a team to operate one of
::-.e most sophisticated war machines in the world.
A The Commander's Position: 1. Commander's periscopes 2. Commander's sight channel 3. Commander's panoramic sight 4. Commander's contro.
Handle/joystick. 5. Smoke grenade launcher contral box. 6. Commander's contral panel 7. Communication contral box 8. Housing for commander's
hatch-opening mechanism
... T The Gunner's Position: 1. Gunner's control grips 2. Gunner's air-conditior-
ing hose 3. Manual traversing handle 4. Gunner's main contral panel
5. Gunner's night elbow 6. Gunner's sight and rangefinder
THE MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAIL
.. The Loader's Position: 1. Loader's periscope 2. 60mm breech-loaded mortar 3. Main gun breech and safety cover 4. Coaxial machine gun cradle
5. Loader's control and safety buttons
A. The Loader's Position: 6. Box containing 2,000 rounds of ammunition for coaxial machine gun 7. Five-round rotating carousel for 120mm rounds
;" Gunner protecting shield
.... TThe Driver's Position: 1. Driver's periscopes 2. Driver's
seat and mounting vertical structure 3. RPM indicator
4. Drivers back rest 5. Dn"vers steering grips 6. Drivers audio-
visual command communicator 7. Gear selecting handle
63
F ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3
... The commander's machine gun and its cradle are identical in all Merkava Mk 1, 2 and3 derivatives exceptfor the way they are attached to the
turret. The commander can aim the gun toward athreat and elevate it to the "raised barrel"position with the help oftwo helical springs. Note the
multiple color tones ofthe MAG 7.62 machine gun's dusty blackenedmetal.
7.62mm ammunition
Swivel mountfor the
boxsupport
/
commander's light
projector
\
Helical springfor
easy elevation
/
Locking machanism
and handle
THE MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAIL
The loader is responsiblefor two machine guns. One is the
internal coaxial, leftofthe main gun breech, and the otheris an
external MAG mountedon a swivel arm, as shown in this photo.
Loaders use two versions ofthe MAG machine gun, one with a
wooden stock (shown here) andone without the stock. The
machine gun anditsswivel arm are locked in 12 o'clockposition.
7.62mm ammunition
box support

_. stmentlock
\
Multi'position
locking plate
IDF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3
... Many accessories fit on the Merkava Mk 3 using specially designed adaptors. The crew attaches others directly to the hull. The left photo shows an
adaptor for the KMT 4 "Nochri degem Dalet" mine-clearing system, while the right photo shows a state-of-the-art battering-ram pushing device. Both
devices connect to the front towing pintles.
... The Merkava Mk 3, like other IDF tanks, can tow and push portable bridges toward an obstacle or anti-tank ditch. The tank crew can tow another
vehicle using the rear adaptor, as shown in the left photo. They use the front adaptor in the right photo during the final pushing operation. These
two adaptors fit on the front and rear towing pintles.
, ~ ,
... The IDF uses a unique hands-on method in basic and advanced tank crew training like the tank commanders and platoon commanders school.
- " i structor's chair, or "Kise Gannan" (kindergarten teacher's chair) , has armor on three sides and massive handles for the instructor to use durir~
: := : ",: a euvers. This special choir fits to the upper left rear of the turret behind the loader's hatch. Note that the SUfa vehicle chairs fit into tr,
: - : ~ : : ' 1 ;': provide additional comfort.
EMERKAVASIMAN 31NDETAIL-POWERPACK
:.. . this beautiful overall photo of a field maintenance operation, the tank crew removes
~ 1 e Merkava Mk 3's BAZpower pack using a military crane mounted on a "REO" truck.
~ : 1 i s Merkava belongs to the Sufa Battalion of the Barak Brigade. Placement of the turret
~ : 3 o'clock allows full accessibility.
- , .'
--: ~ - -.,;...,.
~ The power pack of the Merkava 3 is a 1,200 HP, air-cooled diesel engine with 12 cylinders. It couples with an automatic transmission, painted
, ite to the left of the engine in both photos. The transmission's round flange connects to the final dn've's input shaft in the hull. Large oil coolers
:-e on both sides of the engine.
A. The power pack has a symmetn'cal shape that allows proper installation and removal from the engine compartment. The large H-shaped sling lifts
: - 2 power pack in a balanced way. Large fans in the upper part of the engine keep the power pack cool.
67
IDF ARMOR SERIES NO.2- MERKAVASIMAN 3
.-
.... Here is another combination of the crane vehicle and Merkava Mk 3 in a power pack removal operation. The crew mounts the vehicle on stabilized
supports and places the Merkava power pack either on a special metal stand (see page 67) or directly on the ground, as seen in this photo. The flat
oil pan in the engine's bottom requires such approaches. The tank's engine compartment deck lies on the ground at right.
.... More power pack photos show the boxed design, oil coolers and large cooling fans.
Large turbochargers, located between the engine and the transmission, have cold and hot parts
- that look rusted because of heat from the exhaust gases.
TACTICAL SIGNS-NOONE ALIKE
CTICAL SIGNS-NOONE AUKE
-:::th all armored fighting vehicles (AFVs) and the soft-skin
0..-": !es in the IDF's service, insignia development for the Merkava
:. :s clear and systematic. The guiding insignia principle is that
-: ) atforrn should carry the markings that will allow other mem-
-=..:, f the formation to identify the vehicle as belonging to one of
=- - 1 unit grades, such as platoon, company, battalion and
--';2 e.
....:..:. specific AFV in the formation also can be identified by an
-;:Ua that combines numbers and letters painted on the tactical
-.=!ings panels attached to the AFV. Tactical markings panels,
_-=::-. are shown on several Merkava Mk 3 and 3D tanks in this
=---jon, feature markings that use one or two digits. The markings
- :he rear fenders also are visible.
Notes
Chevron points down
Chevron points towards
front of the vehicle
Chevron points up
Chevron points towards
rear of the vehicle
Tactical Sign Compamy
I
y
I
F:.,.--rl
/
Second
"l
/\
Third
>
Fourth
---,
Fifth
--,
IDF ARMOR SERIES NO.2- MERKAVA SIMAN 3
... This photo shows most AFV markings. The tank is the 2nd (called Goor, or puppy in English) in the 3rd Platoon, as marked on three sides of the
turret basket's large tactical markings panels. (Two sides are shown here.) The tank's markings also are painted on the left front fender. The next for-
mation marked on the tank is the backward-pointing chevron on the side skirt, which indicates the 4th Company, as do the four stripes on the left
front fender. The markings also reveal that this tank belongs to the 2nd Battalion in the brigade, as marked on the right front fender. The shield is tr- :
brigade's marking. The battalion number is painted inside the shield.
... Tank crews of IDF are sometimes applying the markings in opposite sides than the standard regulations, In this case the Brigade emblem
Battalion number are marked on the front left fender, where the Platoon is marked on the right one.
.... The battalion number also :,
indicated by stripes painted or :-
front section of the main gun,
cally using black paint to outli -
white stripe. In some cases, tr:
stripes are shaded on one sidc_-
long white stnpe, known as -- nr
Yanush, " is painted along the -_
part of the barrel's length, ser. ::
a rough position of the gun ir
time for direct aiming.
TACTICAL SIGNS-NO ONE ALIKE


-.. ...
. J . .: '" .
-
... The brigade insignia is not as important for identifying the tank's unit, but it is marked in accordance with tradition. Crews paint the marking on
: e tank's front and rear fenders, sometimes adding the battalion number within the insignia. Here are three examples of brigade emblems, with
:attalion number, as painted on Merkava Mk 3 tanks.
... In some cases, soldiers paint the battalion marking on the right rear fender. The brigade mark is positioned on the far right side of the fender.
'Jther tanks position the mark in the center.
!liii!l_ _ _;";;:=
.li.Markings on the left rear fender indicate the company number and tank number in the formation (platoon number and type of puppy tank). The
markings, from left, are la'am (anger) , 5th Company in the brigade with tank silhouette; 2 Bet of Lahav (blade) , 8th company in the brigade; and 3
Bet of the 4th Company. All markings differ in shape and content.
The tactical markings panels attach to three sides of the turret
basket and are made of fabric called Shimshonit, the Hebrew word
for Samsonite. Markings on these panels indicate only the tank's
position in the platoon. A single number indicates the commander
of the 1st, 2nd or 3rd platoon. An additional Hebrew letter; such
as Alef (A) or Bet (B), indicates the first or second "puppy" in
the platoon. Other combinations of letters and/or numbers
provide additional identification information.
71
IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3
Paintingthe Merkava Mk 3 8az:
1. Aftercompleting the model's assembly, and
before any paint is air-brushed,make sure to
wash the kit with waterand amild detergent
to remove any oily substances thataccumulated
on the surfaces during production orassembly,
then rinse and dry.
Paints used in this model:
Mr. Resin Primersurfacer. Tamiya XF-1 (flat
black), XF-2 (flat white), XF-25 (light gray),
XF-62 (olive drab) ,XF-65 (field gray), XF-49
(khaki), XF-59 (desertyellow), XF-57 (buff),
XF-7 (flat red), XF-64 (red brown) and
X-11(chrome silver) to befinished with
van'ous pastelpowders,
2. Before the basic color is applied, air-brush
the entire model with Mr. Resin Primer to check
for surface defects and dust, and to create a
good basefor the nextstep-painting with
acrylic paints,
3. Air-brush the entire model again, now with the
IDFAFV basic colormadefrom XF-25, XF-62 and
XF-65 mixed in a6:3:1 ratio.
4. The first step in the weathen'ngstage is to
add afew drops ofFX-1 to some ofthe basic
color that was setaside, Dilute and air-brush all
recessed lines, and intogn'/ls and otherinstalled
details to add the shadows andgive the surface
ofthe modelsome depth.
-: ' --; - --::.: -- ~
brushing and 0:-,, - ~ -;
6. Paint the track usingXF-l ::;5 : ::, -: ::_: -
Then apply dilutedXF-64 to depict (usc.. ::-- -: __
dry-brush the sUrface ofthe tracks and teerr c/
the sprockets with a small amountofXF-ll. This
mustbe done carefully to ensure that the color
is not too intense.
7. Paint ofvarious canvas areas like the
turretbasket, .50-caliberbag, inserts and covers
for the rear crew baskets, and the roofmortar
cover. This should be done with care using
masking to coverup unwantedoverspaying.
Use XF-49 as the basic color, followed by dry-
brushing with XF-59. For thesecondstage,
dry-brush XF-57 followed by afinal dry-brush
with a mixture ofXF-57 andXF-2.
8. Atthisstage, use asmall brush to paintsome
ofthe accentparts in red (XF-7), ammunition
boxes in olive green, wooden stocks, guns, water
jerry cans, etc.
9. Dry-brushing is divided into three steps:
A. Basic colorandXF-25: dry-brush the
relativelyflat and wide areas in the
turretand hull.
B. XF-25: dry-brush the highersUrfaces and
otherraised parts.
C. XF-25 andXF-2: dry-brush the highest
partssuch as the hatches, grills and bolts.
10. Paint the markings (refer to markingsection
in the book) using XF-2, adding a small amount
ofXF-59 to reduce the brightness ofthe white
and give anatural and agedlook.
IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2- MERKAVA SIMAN 3
11. Mix various pastels (mainly earth tones,
various browns, black and yellow) and carefully
apply them to tracks, wheels and to the lower
part of the model, and then in some way to the
overall model, to depict dust, sand and rust.
Weathering in small scale should be done as a
progressive process, where you keep adding in
small increments, and check yourself in the
process. This is when the real fun begins and
where you should apply your talent and build
your experience.
12. Apply clear or top coat to proted the
pastels and create an even tone.
13. After the clear coat is dry, dust the overall
model with some light brown and yellow pastels
to give it the dusty look and feeling of real
tanks since these vehicles spent most of their
time in the sun and in dusty conditions.
Sit back and enjoy your work.
-
I ., "-
MERKAVA SIMAN 3
The Merkava Mk 3 Baz (Fakon), main battle tank of the IDF, is an
IsraelI-buill wonder that integrates state-of-the-art tecJmology
and innovative design. These tanks have helped keep Israel secure
for more than a decade and have seen action in the 2006 Lebanon
campaign, as well as routine security operations along Israel's borders.
Intemationally acclaimed mF annor expert It. Col. (Res.) Michael
Mass-along with his partner, Rafy Levy, the editor aIld graphic
designer, and their contri.buting editor JoAnn Sperber-brings the
Merkava Mk 3 Baz to life in his latest book. The tank, which entered
IDF service in 1990, features an advanced suspension system, more
powerful engine and transmISsion, bigger main gun, and special
armor modules.
Desert Eagle Publishing, in cooperation with Legend Productions,
is honored to bring this series to modeling aficionados and armor
enthusiasts who will revel in a treasure trove of more thall 100
one-of-a-kind photographs and detailed technical drawings of the
Merkava Mk 3 Baz.
This book, like its criticaUy acclaimed predecessor, is using an exten-
sive collection of never-before-seen photographs that takes readers
into the Merkava Mk 3 Baz for a close look at everything from tracks
to turret.
The book also contains a section on modeling, detailing, painting
and weathering for Legend Productions' Merkava Mk 3 Baz kit.
CRITICAL ACCLAIM FOR ARMOR SERIES:
Reviews of Michael Mass's first book on the Magach 6B GAL:
~ s a one-book source on the basic vehicle, the book is top class.
Adding the modeling feature ices the cake with all a modeler
needs. "
"This series should be welcomed by IDF fans, as well as those
interested in modem armor ill generaL Highly recommended. "
ISBN 0-9788844-2-6