Fundamental Mammalian Physiology Laboratory Practice 2013 Practice V: Body Water Regulation DEADLINE: March 2, 2013 Student Name

Student ID... DISCUSSION 1. Explain the mechanism activating urine excretion after body overhydration. Overhydration can cause acidosis (a condition in which blood and body tissues have an abnormally high acid content)
Water is primarily absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and excreted by the kidneys as urine. The variation in water volume ingested is dependent on the ability of kidneys to dilute and concentrate the urine as needed. There is a reservoir of water outside of the bloodstream that can replace or absorb excess water in the blood when necessary. The pituitary gland in the brain is also involved in maintaining fluid balance through secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) into the blood. This hormone encourages the kidney to retain water when body stores are low. During water conservation by the kidneys, water is transferred from a large reservoir in the cells into the blood in order to maintain blood pressure and blood volume until water intake is increased. The thirst mechanism is suppressed when the body has excess water, small amounts of ADH are secreted, and through function of the kidneys, excess water is excreted in the urine. Excessive body water causes electrolytes in the blood, including sodium, to become overly diluted.the brain is the most sensitive organ to overhydration. The brain cells can adapt to increased fluid volume when overhydration increases slowly

Hormonal communication generally begins with a part of neuroendocrine system receiving sensory information and reacting by issuing a command to the body in the form of a hormone. Overhydration is detected by osmoreceptors in hypothalamus, which then stimulates the posterior pituitary gland to release antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 2. Compare and contrast the mechanism used to activate urine production between drinking hypotonic solution and isotonic solution. 3. How cold and hot temperature affect body fluid?