ASTM A193

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A193 All Thread Rod ASTM A194

Thread Pitch Chart

Scope
Originally approved in 1936, this specification is heavily utilized in petroleum and chemical construction applications. The ASTM standard covers alloy steel and stainless steel bolting materials for high temperature or high pressure service. This specification includes fasteners intended for use in pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings. Although, this material is often available in national coarse (UNC) thread pitches, if being used in traditional applications, threads are specified 8 threads per inch (tpi) for diameters above one inch. Below is a basic summary of a few of the common grades. ASTM A193 covers a number of other standard specifications not covered in this description including B5, B6, and B16.

Grades
B7 B8 B8 Alloy steel, AISI 4140/4142 quenched and tempered Class 1 Stainless steel, AISI 304, carbide solution treated. Class 2 Stainless steel, AISI 304, carbide solution treated, strain hardened

B8M Class 1 Stainless steel, AISI 316, carbide solution treated. B8M Class 2 Stainless steel, AISI 316, carbide solution treated, strain hardened

Mechanical Properties
Grade B7 B8 Class 1 B8M Class 1 B8 Class 2 Size Up to 2-1/2 2-5/8 - 4 4-1/8 - 7 All All Up to 3/4 Tensile ksi, min Yield, ksi, min Elong, %, min RA % min 125 115 100 75 75 125 105 95 75 30 30 100 16 16 18 30 30 12 50 50 50 50 50 35

Grade

Size 7/8 - 1 1-1/8 - 1-1/4 1-3/8 - 1-1/2 Up to 3/4 7/8 - 1 1-1/8 - 1-1/4 1-3/8 - 1-1/2

Tensile ksi, min Yield, ksi, min Elong, %, min RA % min 115 105 100 110 100 95 90 80 65 50 95 80 65 50 15 20 28 15 20 25 30 35 35 45 45 45 45 45

B8M Class 2

Chemical Properties
Element Carbon Manganese Phosphorus, max Sulfur, max Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum 0.15 - 0.25% B7 (AISI 4140) B8 (AISI 304) B8M (AISI 316) 0.37 - 0.49% 0.65 - 1.10% 0.035% 0.040% 0.15 - 0.35% 0.75 - 1.20% 0.08% max 2.00% max 0.045% 0.030% 1.00% max 18.0 - 20.0% 8.0 - 11.0% 0.08% max 2.00% max 0.045% 0.030% 1.00% max 16.0 - 18.0% 10.0 - 14.0% 2.00 - 3.00%

Recommended Nuts and Washers

Bolt Grade B7 B8 Class 1 B8 Class 2 Nuts A194 Grade 2H A194 Grade 8 A194 Grade 8 Washers F436 SS304 SS316 SS304 SS316

B8M Class 1 A194 Grade 8M

B8M Class 2 A194 Grade 8M

Hex Bolts
A307A F1554 A449 A354 F593 SAE J429

Hex bolts (six sided heads) are the industry standard for fasteners with forged heads. ASTM A307 grade A bolts, all SAE hex bolts, and several other common specifications require a standard (finished) hex head. For specifications such as A307 grade B, A325 and A490 that require a heavy hex pattern, refer to dimensional tolerances for heavy hex bolts or structural bolts.

Applications
Hex bolts can be used for many different applications that include fastening wood, steel, and other construction materials for projects such as docks, bridges, highway structures, and buildings. Hex bolts with forged heads are also commonly used as headed anchor bolts.

Manufacturing
Manufactured hex bolts from 1/2" diameter through 2-1/2" diameter in most ASTM, AASHTO, and SAE specifications

Standard Thread Length

Bolt lengths 6": Thread length = (2 X diameter) + 1/4" Bolt lengths > 6": Thread length = (2 X diameter) + 1/2" Note: Most stock hex bolts 10" and longer will have 6" of thread.

Dimensions

D Bolt Diameter Body Diameter Max 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-3/8 1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2-1/4 2-1/2 0.388 0.515 0.642 0.768 0.895 1.022 1.149 1.277 1.404 1.531 1.785 2.039 2.305 2.559

F Width Across Flats Basic 9/16 3/4 15/16 1-1/8 1-5/16 1-1/2 1-11/16 1-7/8 2-1/16 2-1/4 2-5/8 3 3-3/8 3-3/4 Max Min

C Width Across Corners Max 0.650 0.866 1.083 1.299 1.516 1.732 1.949 2.165 2.382 2.598 3.031 3.464 3.897 4.330 Min 0.620 0.826 1.033 1.240 1.447 1.653 1.859 2.066 2.273 2.480 2.893 3.306 3.719 4.133 Basic 1/4 11/32 27/64 1/2 37/64 43/64 3/4 27/32 29/32 1 1-5/32 1-11/32 1-1/2 1-21/32

H Height Max Min

0.562 0.544 0.750 0.725 0.938 0.906 1.125 1.088 1.312 1.269 1.500 1.450 1.688 1.631 1.875 1.812 2.062 1.994 2.250 2.175 2.625 2.538 3.000 2.900 3.375 3.262 3.750 3.625

0.268 0.226 0.364 0.302 0.444 0.378 0.524 0.455 0.604 0.531 0.700 0.591 0.780 0.658 0.876 0.749 0.940 0.810 1.036 0.902 1.196 1.054 1.388 1.175 1.548 1.327 1.708 1.479

Dimensions per ASME B18.2.1 1996

Heavy Hex Bolts

A307B F1554 A325 A490 A193 A320

Several ASTM specifications require a hex head that is larger than a standard (finished) hex head. These specifications include: A193, A320 and A307B. Although A325 and A490 bolts also require a heavy hex head, please refer to Structural Bolts for dimensional specifications, since these bolts have shorter thread lengths than standard heavy hex bolts.

Applications
Heavy hex bolts can be used for many different applications that include fastening wood, steel, and other construction materials for projects such as docks, bridges, highway structures, and buildings. Heavy hex bolts with forged heads are also commonly used as headed anchor bolts.

Manufacturing
Portland Bolt manufactures heavy hex bolts from 1/2" diameter through 2-1/2" diameter in most ASTM, AASHTO, and SAE specifications. Special tooling can be created to produce nonstandard head dimensions or bolt heads with your company's name and/or logo.

Standard Thread Lengths

Bolt lengths < 6": Thread length = (2 X diameter) + 1/4" Bolt lengths > 6": Thread length = (2 X diameter) + 1/2"

Dimensions

Bolt Diameter

D Body Diameter Max

F Width Across Flats Basic 7/8 1-1/16 1-1/4 1-7/16 1-5/8 1-13/16 2 2-3/16 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-7/8 Max Min

C Width Across Corners Max 1.010 1.227 1.443 1.660 1.876 2.093 2.309 2.526 2.742 3.175 3.608 4.041 4.474 Min 0.969 1.175 1.383 1.589 1.796 2.002 2.209 2.416 2.622 3.035 3.449 3.862 4.275 Basic 11/32 27/64 1/2 37/64 43/64 3/4 27/32 29/32 1 1-5/32 1-11/32 1-1/2 1-21/32

H Height Max Min

1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-3/8 1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2-1/4 2-1/2

0.515 0.642 0.768 0.895 1.022 1.149 1.277 1.404 1.531 1.785 2.039 2.305 2.559

0.875 0.850 1.062 1.031 1.250 1.212 1.438 1.394 1.625 1.575 1.812 1.756 2.00 1.938

0.364 0.302 0.444 0.378 0.524 0.455 0.604 0.531 0.700 0.591 0.780 0.658 0.876 0.749 0.940 0.810 1.036 0.902 1.196 1.054 1.388 1.175 1.548 1.327 1.708 1.479

2.188 2.119 2.375 2.300 2.750 2.662 3.125 3.025 3.500 3.388 3.875 3.750

Dimensions per ASME B18.2.1 1996

Heavy Hex Nuts

A563

A194

F594

ASTM A194 Nut Compatibility Chart

Grade of Bolt A193 Grade B7 A193 Grade B8 (Class 1 and 2) A193 Grade B8M (Class 1 and 2) A320 Grade L7 A320 Grade B8 (Class 1 and 2) A320 Grade B8M (Class 1 and 2) A194 Heavy Hex Nut Grade 2H 8 8M 4 or 7 8 8M

For Class 2 stainless steel grades, strain hardened nuts available as a supplementary requirement

Heavy hex nuts are slightly larger and thicker than standard (finished) hex nuts. There are numerous grades and the heavy pattern is typically used for large diameter and high strength bolts. See the nut compatibility chart above to determine the compatible heavy hex nut(s) for a specific grade of bolt. Since hot-dip galvanizing typically adds 2.2 to 5 mils of thickness to the threaded portion of a fastener, galvanized heavy hex nuts are tapped oversize to compensate for the corrosion resistant coating on the bolts.

Stock
Diameters: 3/8" - 2-3/4" Origin: Domestic and import Finish: Black and hot-dip galvanized Grades: A563 (grades A, C, and DH), A194 grade 2H

Dimensions

F Nominal Size Width Across Flats Basic 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/8 1-1/4 1-3/8 1-1/2 1-5/8 1-3/4 1-7/8 2 2-1/4 2-1/2 2-3/4 11/16 7/8 1-1/16 1-1/4 1-7/16 1-5/8 Max Min

C Width Across Corners Max 0.794 1.010 1.227 1.443 1.660 1.876 2.093 2.309 2.526 2.742 2.959 3.175 3.392 3.608 4.041 4.474 4.907 Min 0.763 0.969 1.175 1.382 1.589 1.796 2.002 2.209 2.416 2.622 2.828 3.035 3.242 3.449 3.862 4.275 4.688

H Thickness Basic 23/64 31/64 39/64 47/64 55/64 63/64 1-7/64 1-7/32 Max Min 0.03 0.07 0.12 0.20 0.30 0.43 0.59 0.79 1.02 1.31 1.62 2.04 2.41 2.99 4.19 5.64 7.38 Weight Per Nut

0.688 0.669 0.875 0.850 1.062 1.031 1.250 1.212 1.438 1.394 1.625 1.575

0.377 0.341 0.504 0.464 0.631 0.587 0.758 0.710 0.885 0.833 1.012 0.956 1.139 1.079 1.251 1.187

1-13/16 1.812 1.756 2 2-3/16 2-3/8 2-9/16 2-3/4 2.000 1.938 2.188 2.119 2.375 2.300 2.562 2.481 2.750 2.662

1-11/32 1.378 1.310 1-15/32 1.505 1.433 1-19/32 1.632 1.556 1-23/32 1.759 1.679 1-27/32 1.886 1.802 1-31/32 2.013 1.925 2-13/64 2.251 2.155 2-29/64 2.505 2.401 2-45/64 2.759 2.647

2-15/16 2.938 2.844 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-7/8 4-1/4 3.125 3.025 3.500 3.388 3.875 3.750 4.250 4.112

F Nominal Size Width Across Flats Basic 3 3-1/4 3-1/2 3-3/4 4 4-5/8 5 5-3/8 5-3/4 6-1/8 Max Min

C Width Across Corners Max 5.340 5.774 6.207 6.640 7.073 Min 5.102 5.515 5.928 6.341 6.755

H Thickness Basic Max Min 9.50 11.94 15.26 18.12 21.80 Weight Per Nut

4.625 4.475 5.000 4.838 5.375 5.200 5.750 5.562 6.125 5.925

2-61/64 3.013 2.893 3-3/16 3-7/16 3.252 3.124 3.506 3.370

3-11/16 3.760 3.616 3-15/16 4.014 3.862

Dimensions per ASME B18.2.2 1987 (1999)

Standard Thread Pitches

Thread series cover designations of diameter/pitch combinations that are measured by the number of threads per inch (TPI) applied to a single diameter. Coarse Thread Series (UNC/UNRC) is the most common designation for general application bolts and nuts. Coarse thread is beneficial, because they are less likely to cross thread, more tolerant in adverse conditions and facilitate quick assembly. Fine Thread Series (UNF/UNRF) is commonly used in precision applications. Because of the larger tensile stress areas, they have high tension strength. However, a longer engagement is required for fine thread applications than for coarse series threads to prevent stripping. 8 - Thread Series (8UN) is the specified thread forming method for several ASTM standards including A193 B7, A193 B8/B8M, and A320. This series is used for diameters one inch and above.

Coarse Thread Series - UNC Nomina l Size and Threads Per In.
3

Fine Thread Series - UNF Nomina l Size and Threads Per In.
3

8-Thread Series - 8UN Nomina l Size and Threads Per In. --------------Basic Pitch Dia. In. -------Sectio n at Minor Dia. Sq in. -------Tensil e Stress Area Sq in. --------

Basic Pitch Dia. In. 0.334 4 0.391 1 0.450 0 0.508 4 0.566 0 0.685 0 0.802 8

Sectio n at Minor Dia. Sq in. 0.0678 0.0933 0.1257 0.162 0.202 0.302 0.419

Tensil e Stress Area Sq in. 0.0775 0.1063 0.1419 0.182 0.226 0.334 0.462

Basic Pitch Dia. In. 0.347 9 0.405 0 0.467 5 0.526 4 0.588 9 0.709 4 0.828 6

Sectio n at Minor Dia. Sq in. 0.0809 0.1090 0.1486 0.189 0.240 0.351 0.480

Tensil e Stress Area Sq in. 0.0878 0.1187 0.1599 0.203 0.256 0.373 0.509

8 - 16

8 - 24

16 - 14 2 - 13

16 - 20 2 - 20

16 - 12 8 - 11 4 - 10 8 - 9

16 - 18 8 - 18 4 - 16 8 - 14

Coarse Thread Series - UNC Nomina l Size and Threads Per In. 1-8 118 - 7 114 - 7 138 - 6 112 - 6 --Basic Pitch Dia. In. 0.918 8 1.032 2 1.157 2 1.266 7 1.391 7 -1.620 1 -1.855 7 2.105 7 2.337 6 2.587 6 2.837 6 3.087 6 3.337 6 3.587 6 3.837 6 Sectio n at Minor Dia. Sq in. 0.551 0.693 0.890 1.054 1.294 -1.74 -2.30 3.02 3.72 4.62 5.62 6.72 7.92 9.21 10.61 Tensil e Stress Area Sq in. 0.606 0.763 0.969 1.155 1.405 -1.90 -2.50 3.25 4.00 4.93 5.97 7.10 8.33 9.66 11.08

Fine Thread Series - UNF Nomina l Size and Threads Per In. 1 - 12 118 - 12 114 - 12 138 - 12 112 - 12 ------------------------Basic Pitch Dia. In. 0.945 9 1.070 9 1.195 9 1.320 9 1.445 9 ------------Sectio n at Minor Dia. Sq in. 0.625 0.812 1.024 1.260 1.521 ------------Tensil e Stress Area Sq in. 0.663 0.856 1.073 1.315 1.581 -------------

8-Thread Series - 8UN Nomina l Size and Threads Per In. 1-8 118 - 8 114 - 8 138 - 8 112 - 8 158 - 8 134 - 8 178 - 8 2-8 214 - 8 212 - 8 234 - 8 3-8 314 - 8 312 - 8 334 - 8 4-8 Basic Pitch Dia. In. 0.918 8 1.043 8 1.168 8 1.293 8 1.418 8 1.543 8 1.668 8 1.793 8 1.918 8 2.168 8 2.418 8 2.668 8 2.918 8 3.168 8 3.418 8 3.668 8 3.918 8 Sectio n at Minor Dia. Sq in. 0.551 0.728 0.929 1.155 1.405 1.68 1.98 2.30 2.65 3.42 4.29 5.26 6.32 7.49 8.75 10.11 11.57 Tensil e Stress Area Sq in. 0.606 0.790 1.000 1.233 1.492 1.78 2.08 2.41 2.77 3.56 4.44 5.43 6.51 7.69 8.96 10.34 11.81

134 - 5 ---

2 - 4 1 2 214 - 41 2 212 - 4 234 - 4 3-4 314 - 4 312 - 4 334 - 4 4-4

Fastener Identification Markings Bolt Strength Requirements

Mechanical Properties Grade Marking Specificatio n Material and Treatment Nominal Size (In.) Proo f Load Min (ksi) Yield Strengt h Min (ksi) Tensile Strengt h Min (ksi) Elon g% Min
[9]

Hardness Rockwell RA % Mi n
[10]

Mi n

Max

SAE J429 Grade 1

4" - 112"

33

36

60

18

35

B70

B10 0

A307 Grade A

-</< td>

60

18

B69

B10 0

A307 Grade B

60 min 100 max

18

B69

B95

A307 Grade C [7] One End Green

Low or Medium Carbon Steel

4" - 4" 36 58 min 80 max 23 -

F1554 Grade 36 One End Blue

1 1

36

58 min 80 max

23

40

4" - 2"
1

21 21 55 75 min 95 max 21

30 22 20 -

2 4"- 2 2" F1554 Grade 55 One End Yellow 2 4" - 3" 314" - 4"
3

21

18

SAE J429 Grade 2 [8]

4" - 34"

55 33

57 36

74 60

18 35 18

B80 B70

B10 0 B10 0

8" - 112"

A193/A320 Grade B8 Class 1

AISI SS304 Stainless No Restriction s 30 75 30 50 B96

A193/A320 Grade B8M

AISI SS316 Stainless Steel

A325 Type 1

Medium Carbon Steel, Q & T Atmospheri c Corrosion Resistant Steel, Q&T

2" - 1"

85 74

92 81

120 14 35 105

C24 C19

C35 C31

118" - 112"

A325 Type 3

SAE J429 Grade 5 Medium Carbon Steel, Q & T A449 Type 1

4" - 1"

85 74

92 81

120 14 35 105

C25 C19

C34 C30

118" - 112"

4" - 1"

85 74 55

92 81 58

120 105 90 14 35

C25 C19 B91

C34 C30 B10 0 C34 C30 B10 0 C35

118" - 112" 158" - 3"

1

4" - 1"

85 74 55

92 81 58 105

120 105 90 125 115 100 16 16 18 50 50 50 14 35

C25 C19 B91

A449 Type 3

Weathering Steel, Q & T

118" - 112" 158" - 3"

1

A193 Grade B7

Medium Carbon Alloy Steel, Q&T

4" - 212" -

258" - 4" 418" - 7"

95 75

C35 C35

A354 Grade BC

4" - 212"

105 95

109 94

125 115

16 16

50 45

C26 C22

C36 C33

258" - 4"

F1554 Grade 105 One End Red AISI 4140, 4142, or 4145

4" - 3"

105

125 min 150 max

15

45

A320 Grade L7

4" - 212"

105

125

16

50

A320 Grade L43

AISI 4340

4" - 4"

105

125

16

50

A490 Type 1

Medium Carbon Alloy Steel, Q&T

1

2" - 112"

120

130

A490 Type 3

Atmospheri c Corrosion Resistant Steel, Q&T

150 min 173 max

14

40

C33

C38

SAE J429 Grade 8 Medium Carbon Alloy Steel, Q&T A354 Grade BD [6]

4" - 112"

120

130

150

12

35

C33

C39

4" - 212"

120 105

130 115

150 14 40 140

C33 C31

C39 C39

258" - 4"

1. All specifications are ASTM unless otherwise noted. 2. All specifications shall be marked by the manufacturer with a unique identifier to identify the manufacturer or private label distributor, as appropriate.

3. Q & T - Quenched and Tempered. 4. Although markings are shown on hex heads, stamping is a requirement on one end of rods and studs. The exception is F1554 and A307 grade C in which stamping is a supplemental requirement while color coding is required. 5. Although markings are shown on hex heads, grade markings apply equally to products with other head configurations. 6. All Grade BD products shall be marked "BD". In addition to the "BD" marking, the product may be marked with 6 radial lines 60 apart. 7. ASTM A307 grade C has been replaced by ASTM F1554 grade 36. 8. Grade 2 requirements for diameters ranging from 1/4" through 3/4" only apply to headed fasteners up to and including 6" in length, and to studs of all lengths. For headed fasteners longer than 6", see SAE J429 grade 1. 9. Percent Elongation 10. Percent Reduction of Area "-" = no requirement.

Hex Bolts vs. Hex Cap Screws

What are the differences between a hex cap screw and a hex bolt?

These terms are often incorrectly used interchangeably. The variations between these fasteners are fairly significant both from a manufacturing perspective and application standpoint. Generally speaking, hex cap screws are used in precise applications like an OEM setting where tight tolerances are required. Hex bolts are often specified when the mechanical properties are more important than dimensional tolerances, like the construction industry. For example, SAE J429 Grade 2 is typically provided as a hex cap screw, whereas ASTM A307-A is a common hex bolt specification. Below is an overview of some of the specifics these fasteners are required to meet. Hex cap screws Flat washer facing under the head that meet specific tolerances as described under ASME B18.2.1-1996. They will usually be manufactured by a cold-heading process (large runs of standard sizes) or turned CNC operation. A radius under the head at the shank. Body diameter of plus nothing, minus .011 for an 1-1/4 diameter fastener. Some common fastener specifications unless otherwise specified: ASTM A449 and SAE J429 Grade 2, 5, and 8. Hex bolts A die seam across the bearing surface is permissible. The typical bolt is manufactured by hot-forging process. Allows a reduced body diameter to be not less than the minimum pitch diameter of the thread. Some common fastener specifications unless otherwise specified: ASTM A307-A, A354, and F1554. This list is not inclusive, but represents some of the differences between these two designations.

High Pressure Bolting Studs

First to First Stud bolts for High Pressure Temperature Piping REFERENCE Stud bolts for pressure-temperature applications conform to the requirements of ANSI/ASME B16.5, Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings. LENGTH-FIRST TO FIRST The length of stud bolt, measured parallel to the axis, is the distance from first thread to first thread. First thread is defined as the intersection of the major diameter of the thread with the base of the point. Please see the drawing above-this is confusing to most users!! Stud bolts are normally available in 1/4 inch length increments. Length tolerances, all stud bolt sizes, shall be as tabulated below: Length, in. Length Tolerance, in. to 12 +/-0.062 over 12 to 18 over 18 +/-0.125 +/-0.250

POINTS Points shall be flat and chamfered, or sheared at option of the manufacturer. When points are flat and chamfered, the diameter of the flat shall not exceed the minor diameter of the thread, and shall be not less than one or more than two complete threads as measured from the extreme end parallel to the axis. THREADS Threads shall be Unified inch coarse thread series (UNC), Class 2A, for all stud bolt sizes 1 in. and smaller, and Unified inch 8 thread series (8 UN), Class 2A, for all stud bolts larger than 1 in., in accordance with ANSI/ASME B1.1. Acceptability of screw threads shall be determined based on ANSI/ASME B1.3. MATERIAL Chemical and mechanical requirements shall be specified by the purchaser and shall be in accordance with applicable ASME, ASTM, and ANSI codes and specifications current at the time of ordering.

DESIGNATION It is recommended that stud bolts be designated in the following sequence: product name, nominal size, threads per inch, length, material, and protective finish, if required. Example: ANSI/ASME B16.5 stud bolt, 5/8-11 x 3-1/2, ASTM A193, Grade B7, Zinc & Clear Chromate Plated

Bolting And Ring Gasket Requirements

ASME/ANSI B16.5 1996 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

The ASME B16.5 1996 Pipe Flanges and Flange Fittings, flange bolt and gasket standard covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, tolerances, marking, testing, and methods of designating openings for pipe flanges and flanged fittings. The standard includes flanges with rating class designations 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500 in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 24, with requirements given in both metric and U.S units. The Standard is limited to flanges and flanged fittings made from cast or forged materials, and blind flanges and certain reducing flanges made from cast, forged, or plate materials. Included in this Standard are requirements and recommendations regarding flange bolting, flange gaskets, and flange joints. The standard covers the required number of bolts, diameter of the stud bolts, length of stud bolts and ring size in R, 1RF, RTJ, and RX gaskets.

TORQUE FOR FLANGE BOLTING (B7/L7 STUDS)*

ANSI / API 6A / ISO 10423:2003 Feb. 1, 2005
ASTM A193 Grade B7 Tensile and Yield Strength 2 1/2 and under tensile 125 ksi; yield strength 105 ksi Over 2 1/2 to 4 tensile 115 ksi; yield 95 ksi Over 4 to 7 tensile 100; yield 75 ksi ASTM A320 L7 Tensile and Yield Strength Only covers 2 1/2 and under - tensile 125 ksi; yield strength 105 ksi
Source: API 6-A, 19th Appendix D, Table D1 & D2

Stud Diameter Size Inch 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1 1/8 1 1/4 1 3/8 1 1/2 1 5/8 1 3/4 1 7/8 2 2 1/4 2 1/2 2 5/8 2 3/4 3 3 1/4 3 3/4 3 7/8 4

Tension Ibf

PTFE Coated Bolt coefficient of Friction

Plain Bolt coefficient of Friction

Torque Nm f=0.07

Torque Ft. lbs f=0.07 35 68 118 188 279 401 553 739 962 1226 1534 1890 2297 3276 4500 4716 5424 7047 8965 13782 15208 16730

Torque Nm f=0.13 80 155 270 429 639 925 1285 1727 2261 2894 3636 4493 5476 7851 10828 11429 13168 17156 21878 33766 37293 41057

Torque Ft. lbs f=0.13 59 115 200 319 474 686 953 1281 1677 2146 2696 3332 4061 5822 8030 8430 9712 12654 16136 24905 27506 30282

7450 11865 17559 24241 31802 41499 52484 64759 78322 93173 109313 126741 145458 186758 233212 233765 257694 309050 365070 491099 525521 561108

48 92 160 253 376 540 745 996 1297 1653 2069 2549 3097 4418 6068 6394 7354 9555 12154 18685 20620 22683

*This chart is for general practice purposes only and should not be in the engineering or design of any products. The most current edition of the API specification may be obtained on the API Standards website to make sure you have the most current edition of API 6A. For most the accurate references in critical situations torque values should be replaced with field measured tension values. Accurate stud tension is difficult to attain using torque, because friction has a significant effect on the torquetension relationship. Any thread damage (however minor), additional lubrication, or standard deviations within the range can change friction and thereby the expected outcome.

B7M Bolts
February 19, 2010 by Sigma Fasteners Leave a Comment

ASTM A193 Grade B7M Bolt

B7M Studs
Bolt Description: B7M bolts for High Temperature and/or High Pressure service are modified in our tempering furnace to meet the ASTM A193 /A193M B7M standard for bolting covering both metric and inch bolting products. The A193 B7M standard covers threaded rod, bolts, studs, and stud bolts. In accord with the A193 standard the final modification is the tempering at 1150 F minimum performed after all machining, roll threading and any type of cutting. The tempering furnace recording chart is kept on record with your order maintaining complete traceability of your final product. Tensile and 100% hardness records are also available and kept with your order. Typical Usage: Typical use for B7M bolting includes sour gas service where Hydrogen Sulfide gas exposure may lead to Hydrogen embrittlement problems in hard alloys. Product marking:

All B7M bolting which has been 100% hardness tested must be marked B7M and will have the Sigma Trademarked S for manufacturers identification. Testing: B7M bolts are 100% indentation hardness tested to ensure conformance to the standard. Tensile Tests are performed after tempering. Nuts: ASTM A194 2HM heavy hex nuts are most commonly used with ASTM A193 B7M bolts.

Xylan Coated Bolts

Coated Stud Bolts Xylan Coated Stud Bolts Xylan 1010, 1070, 1014, 1052 and now 1424 have been used as bolt coatings for almost a quarter century now. Most major Oil and Chemical Companies recognizing that maintenance is a huge issue have made coated bolt specifications for bolted high pressure flange connections. The various properties on the Xylan give excellent make up and brake out torque and reduce the need for high risk cutting torches or high cost bolt cutting when maintenance is required. Xylan 1014 in bolt coatings used for its good lubricity, chemical and abrasion resistance. Xylan 1052 for coated bolts used for its excellent lubricity. Xylan 1070 and 1010 where the pioneers in the field used for the lubricity and chemical inertness.

With VOCs an ever present issue these days Whitford has made a low VOC version 1424 which Sigma applies to achieve the results need in a coated bolt connection and to stay complaint in a green economy. Xylan coated bolts come in many tints and the coated bolts are often coordinated with standard corporate color branding schemes. While very light shades are possible most of the popular hues range from a Dark Yellow to black with Reds and Blues and greens being the most widespread.

Stud Bolts

Stud Bolts Stud bolts are available in ASTM Grades B7, L7, B16, B16M, L7M, B8, 660 and B8M; they are also available exotic metals such as Monel, Titanium, Inconel, Alloy 20, and Hastelloy, 17-4PH. These studs are also available with industrial coatings such as SermaGard, Xylan, PTFE, Fluoropolymers and other coatings. Stud Bolts for Pressure-Temperature Piping

Continuous Thread Studs (Fully Threaded Studs)

Stud bolts are threaded end to end and are often used for flange bolting with two nuts on either end. There are two types of these studs.

Type one usually for general purpose; the length of stud is measured from end to end. Threads are UNRC-2A. Type two studs for high temperature pressure piping. These studs are made to dimensional standard requirements of ANSI B16.5 the length of this stud is measured from first thread to

first thread, exclusive of points. Threads are UNRC-2A for sizes 1 inch and under and 8 UNR-2A for sizes over 1 inch. The length of stud bolt, measured parallel to the axis, is the distance from first thread to first thread. First thread is defined as the intersection of the major diameter of the thread with the base of the point.

L7M Bolts
ASTM L7M Custom Bolts
ASTM A320 Grade L7M bolting is designed for low temperature sour gas service where there is high concentration of Hydrogen Sulfide gases present in production situation. Per the specification at Sigma Fasteners we have our own heat treating furnace and hardness testing equipment for onsite L7M modification and hardness testing. All L7M bolts require 100% hardness testing