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Assignment - Chapter 3
Due: 11:59pm on Thursday, January 28, 2010
Note: You will receive no credit for late submissions. To learn more, read your instructor's Grading Policy [Return to Standard Assignment View]

Tactics Box 3.1 Determining the Components of a Vector

Learning Goal: To practice Tactics Box 3.1 Determining the Components of a Vector. When a vector is decomposed into component vectors and parallel to the coordinate axes, we can describe each component vector with a single number (a scalar) called the component. This tactics , denoted and .

box describes how to determine the x component and y component of vector

TACTICS BOX 3.1

Determining the components of a vector of the x component is the magnitude of the component vector .

1. The absolute value 2. The sign of

is positive if

points in the positive x direction; it is negative if

points in the negative x direction.

3. The y component

is determined similarly.

Part A What is the magnitude of the component vector shown in the figure?

Express your answer in meters to one significant figure.

ANSWER:

=5

Correct

Part B What is the sign of the y component of vector shown in the figure?

ANSWER:

positive negative Correct

Part C Now, combine the information given in the tactics box above to find the x and y components, Express your answers, separated by a comma, in meters to one significant figure. and , of vector shown in the figure.

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ANSWER:

= -2,-5 Correct

Vector Components--Review
Learning Goal: To introduce you to vectors and the use of sine and cosine for a triangle when resolving components. Vectors are an important part of the language of science, mathematics, and engineering. They are used to discuss multivariable calculus, electrical circuits with oscillating currents, stress and strain in structures and materials, and flows of atmospheres and fluids, and they have many other applications. Resolving a vector into components is a precursor to computing things with or about a vector quantity. Because position, velocity, acceleration, force, momentum, and angular momentum are all vector quantities, resolving vectors into components is the most important skill required in a mechanics course.

The figure shows the components of

and

, along the x and y axes of the coordinate system, respectively. The components of a vector

depend on the coordinate system's orientation, the key being the angle between the vector and the coordinate axes, often designated .

Part A The figure shows the standard way of measuring the angle. Express and in terms of the length of the vector is measured to the vector from the x axis, and counterclockwise is positive. and the angle , with the components separated by a comma.

ANSWER:

= Correct

In principle, you can determine the components of any vector with these expressions. If and will have the appropriate signs and values.

lies in one of the other quadrants of the plane,

will be an angle larger than 90 degrees (or

in radians) and

Unfortunately this way of representing

, though mathematically correct, leads to equations that must be simplified using trig identities such as

and . These must be used to reduce all trig functions present in your equations to either or . Unless you perform this followup step flawlessly, you will fail to recoginze that , and your equations will not simplify so that you can progress further toward a solution. Therefore, it is best to express all components in terms of either degrees (or 0 and in radians), and determine the signs of the trig functions by knowing in which quadrant the vector lies. or , with between 0 and 90

Part B When you resolve a vector and the other with into components, the components must have the form . or . The signs depend on which quadrant the vector lies in, and there will be one component with

In real problems the optimal coordinate system is often rotated so that the x axis is not horizontal. Furthermore, most vectors will not lie in the first quadrant. To assign the sine and cosine correctly for vectors at arbitrary angles, you must figure out which angle is and then properly reorient the definitional triangle. As an example, consider the vector shown in the diagram labeled "tilted axes," where you know the angle between and the y axis.

Which of the various ways of orienting the definitional triangle must be used to resolve (In the figures, the hypotenuse is orange, the side adjacent to

into components in the tilted coordinate system shown?

is red, and the side opposite is yellow.)

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Hint B.1

Recommended procedure for resolving a vector into components Hint not displayed

Hint B.2

Finding the trigonometric functions Hint not displayed

Indicate the number of the figure with the correct orientation. ANSWER: 1 2 3 4 Correct

Part C Choose the correct procedure for determining the components of a vector in a given coordinate system from this list: ANSWER: Align the adjacent side of a right triangle with the vector and the hypotenuse along a coordinate direction with Align the hypotenuse of a right triangle with the vector and an adjacent side along a coordinate direction with Align the opposite side of a right triangle with the vector and the hypotenuse along a coordinate direction with Align the hypotenuse of a right triangle with the vector and the opposite side along a coordinate direction with Correct as the included angle. as the included angle. as the included angle. as the included angle.

Part D The space around a coordinate system is conventionally divided into four numbered quadrants depending on the signs of the x and y coordinates . Consider the following conditions: A. B. C. D. , , , ,

Which of these conditions are true in which quadrants? Write the answer in the following way: If A were true in the third quadrant, B in the second, C in the first, and D in the fourth, enter "3, 2, 1, 4" as your response.

ANSWER:

1,4,2,3 Correct

Part E Now find the components and of in the tilted coordinate system of Part B. and the angle , with the components separated by a comma.

Express your answer in terms of the length of the vector

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ANSWER:

= Correct

Adding and Subtracting Vectors Conceptual Question

Six vectors (A to F) have the magnitudes and directions indicated in the figure.

Part A Which two vectors, when added, will have the largest x component? Hint A.1 Largest x component Hint not displayed ANSWER:

C and E E and F A and F C and D B and D Correct

Part B Which two vectors, when added, will have the largest y component? Hint B.1 Largest y component Hint not displayed ANSWER:

C and D A and F E and F A and B E and D Correct

Part C Which two vectors, when subtracted (i.e., when one vector is subtracted from the other), will have the largest magnitude? Hint C.1 Subtracting vectors Hint not displayed ANSWER:

A and F A and E D and B C and D E and F Correct

Components of Vectors
Shown is a 10 by 10 grid, with coordinate axes x and y . The grid runs from -5 to 5 on both axes. Drawn on this grid are four vectors, labeled

through

. This problem will ask you various questions

about these vectors. All answers should be in decimal notation, unless otherwise specified.

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Part A What is the x component of Hint A.1 ?

How to derive the component Hint not displayed

Express your answer to two significant figures. ANSWER: = 2.5 Correct

Part B What is the y component of ?

Express your answer to the nearest integer. ANSWER: =3

Correct

Part C What is the y component of Hint C.1 ?

Consider the direction Hint not displayed

Express your answer to the nearest integer. ANSWER: = -3 Correct

Part D What is the Hint D.1 component of ?

How to find the start and end points of the vector components Hint not displayed

Express your answer to the nearest integer. ANSWER: = -2 Correct

The following questions will ask you to give both components of vectors using the ordered pairs method. In this method, the x component is written first, followed by a comma, and then the y component. For example, the components of would be written 2.5,3 in ordered pair notation. The answers below are all integers, so estimate the components to the nearest whole number. Part E In ordered pair notation, write down the components of vector Express your answers to the nearest integer. ANSWER: , = 2,-3 Correct .

Part F In ordered pair notation, write down the components of vector Express your answers to the nearest integer. ANSWER: , = 2,-3 Correct .

Part G What is true about and ? Choose from the pulldown list below.

ANSWER: Correct

Tracking a Plane

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A radar station, located at the origin of xz plane, as shown in the figure , detects an airplane coming straight at the station from the east. At first observation (point A), the position of the airplane relative to the origin is . The position vector has a magnitude of 360 and is located at exactly 40 above the horizon. The airplane is tracked for another 123 in the vertical east-west plane for 5.0 , until it has passed (the magnitude of is 880 ). The contact

directly over the station and reached point B. The position of point B relative to the origin is

points are shown in the diagram, where the x axis represents the ground and the positive z direction is upward.

Part A Define the displacement of the airplane while the radar was tracking it: Hint A.1 How to approach the problem Hint not displayed Hint A.2 Finding the components of Hint not displayed Hint A.3 Finding the components of Hint not displayed Express in meters as an ordered pair, separating the x and z components with a comma, to two significant figures. = -1100,26 Correct . What are the components of ?

ANSWER:

Vector Addition
Consider the following three vectors: , , and . Calculate the following combinations. Express your answers as ordered triplets [e.g., Part A Hint A.1 How to add vectors Hint not displayed ANSWER: ].

= 5,-1,6 Correct

Part B

ANSWER:

= 4,4,3 Correct

Part C

ANSWER:

= 6,3,4 Correct

Part D Hint D.1 Remember the order of precedence Hint not displayed ANSWER:

= 8,5,-1 Correct

Part E

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ANSWER:

= 14,2,15 Correct

Part F

ANSWER:

= 16,10,11 Correct

Vector Addition and Subtraction

In general it is best to conceptualize vectors as arrows in space, and then to make calculations with them using their components. (You must first specify a coordinate system in order to find the components of each arrow.) This problem gives you some practice with the components. Let vectors Part A , , and . Calculate the following, and express your answers as ordered triplets of values separated by commas.

ANSWER:

= 3,-5,-4 Correct

Part B

ANSWER:

= -5,4,0 Correct

Part C

ANSWER:

= -6,4,3 Correct

Part D

ANSWER:

= -3,-2,-11 Correct

Part E

ANSWER:

= -11,14,8 Correct

Part F

ANSWER:

= 17,-12,-6 Correct

Vector Addition in a Unit Cell

In nature, substances often possess a crystalline structure. The basic component of a crystal is the unit cell, such as the rectangular parallelpiped illustrated in the figure . (For the purposes of this problem, take , , and to be positive.) Find the following quantities. When the question asks for a vector, express your answer as an ordered triplet. That is, a vector with length direction, length in the y direction, and length in the z direction should be written as . in the x

Part A What is the vector from point O to point E?

ANSWER:

= Correct

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Part B What is the vector from point O to point F?

ANSWER:

= Correct

Part C What is the vector from point O to point C?

ANSWER:

= Correct

Part D Hint D.1 How to use the components Hint not displayed ANSWER:

= Correct

Part E Hint E.1 The meaning of | | Hint not displayed Hint E.2 Length of a vector Hint not displayed ANSWER: | |= Correct

Part F Hint F.1 Consider geometry Hint not displayed ANSWER: | |= Correct

Part G

ANSWER:

|= Correct

Vector Magnitude and Direction Conceptual Question

A man out walking his dog makes one complete pass around a perfectly square city block. He starts at point A and walks clockwise around the block.

Let Part A

be the displacement vector from A to B,

be the displacement vector from B to C, etc.

Which of the following vectors is equal to

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Hint A.1

Determining a vector Hint not displayed

Hint A.2

Equal vectors Hint not displayed

ANSWER:

only only only None of the above All of the above Correct

Recall that, for vectors to be equal, they must have the same magnitude and direction. Part B Which of the following vectors is equal to ?

ANSWER:

only only only None of the above All of the above Correct

Part C Which of the following vectors is equal to Hint C.1 ?

Determining the difference of two vectors Hint not displayed

ANSWER: only only None of the above All of the above Correct

only

Vector Addition Ranking Task

Six vectors ( through ) have the magnitudes and directions indicated in the figure.

Part A Rank the vector combinations on the basis of their magnitude. Hint A.1 Adding vectors graphically Hint not displayed Rank from largest to smallest. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them. ANSWER:

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View Correct

Part B Rank the vector combinations on the basis of their angle, measured counterclockwise from the positive x axis. Vectors parallel to the positive x axis have an angle of 0 . All angle measures fall between 0 and 360 . Hint B.1 Angle of a vector Hint not displayed Rank from largest to smallest. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them. ANSWER:

View Correct

Adding Scalar Multiples of Vectors Graphically

Draw the vectors indicated. You may use any extra (unlabeled) vectors that are helpful; but, keep in mind that the unlabeled vectors should not be part of your submission. Part A Draw the vector Hint A.1 . How to approach the problem Hint not displayed Hint A.2 Draw Hint not displayed Hint A.3 Adding vectors graphically Hint not displayed The length and orientation of the vector will be graded. The location of the vector is not important. ANSWER:

View Correct

Now use the same technique to answer the next two parts. Part B Draw the vector Hint B.1 Find . and Hint not displayed Hint B.2 Adding vectors graphically Hint not displayed The length and orientation of the vector will be graded. The location of the vector is not important. ANSWER:

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View Correct

Part C Draw the vector Hint C.1 Find . and Hint not displayed Hint C.2 Adding vectors graphically Hint not displayed The length and orientation of the vector will be graded. The location of the vector is not important. ANSWER:

View Correct

Biking Vectors
A student bikes to school by traveling first Part A If a bird were to start out from the origin (where the student starts) and fly directly (in a straight line) to the school, what distance Hint A.1 How to approach the problem by finding components Hint not displayed Hint A.2 Find the y component of Hint not displayed Hint A.3 Find the x component of Hint not displayed Hint A.4 Magnitude of a vector Hint not displayed Express your answer in miles. ANSWER: = 1.17 Correct would the bird cover? = 1.10 north, then = 0.600 west, and finally = 0.100 south.

This direct distance is sometimes called the distance "as the crow flies." Part B You will now find the same quantity algebraically, without the need to use much geometry. Take the north direction as the positive y direction and east as positive x. The origin is still where the student starts biking. Let be the displacement vector corresponding to the first leg of the student's trip. Express in component form.

Express your answer as two numbers separated by a comma (e.g., 1.0,2.0). By convention, the x component is written first. ANSWER: , = 0,1.10 Correct

Part C Similarly, let be the displacement vector corresponding to the second leg of the student's trip. Express in component form.

Express your answer as two numbers separated by a comma. Be careful with your signs. ANSWER: , = -0.600,0 Correct

Part D Finally, let be the displacement vector corresponding to the last leg of the student's trip. Express in component form.

Express your answer as two numbers separated by a comma. Be careful with your signs.

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ANSWER:

= 0,-0.100 Correct

Part E The displacement vector for the bird can be written as (see the figure ). In the space provided, type in component form.

Hint E.1

How to add vectors algebraically Hint not displayed

Express your answer as two numbers separated by a comma. Be careful with your signs. ANSWER: , = -0.600,1.00 Correct

The magnitude

of a vector with components

and

is given by .

Using this definition, you can check that this approach yields the same value for geometric or the algebraic approach would be more suitable. Part F Finally, find , the angle north of west of the path followed by the bird. Hint F.1 Method 1: Simple trigonometry

as the one found earlier. Depending on the individual vectors in a given situation, you can decide whether the

Hint not displayed Hint F.2 Method 2: Vector equations Hint not displayed Express your answer numerically in degrees. ANSWER: = 59.0 Correct

Resolving Vector Components with Trigonometry

Often a vector is specified by a magnitude and a direction; for example, a rope with tension

exerts a force of magnitude

in a direction 35 north

of east. This is a good way to think of vectors; however, to calculate results with vectors, it is best to select a coordinate system and manipulate the components of the vectors in that coordinate system.

Part A Find the components of the vector Hint A.1 with length = 1.00 and angle =15.0 with respect to the x axis as shown.

What is the x component? Hint not displayed

Enter the x component followed by the y component, separated by a comma. ANSWER: = 0.966,0.259 Correct

Part B

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Find the components of the vector Hint B.1

with length

= 1.00 and angle

=15.0 with respect to the x axis as shown.

What is the x component? Hint not displayed

Enter the x component followed by the y component, separated by a comma. ANSWER: = 0.966,0.259 Correct

The components of

still have the same form, that is,

, despite

's placement with respect to the y axis on the drawing.

Part C Find the components of the vector Hint C.1 with length = 1.00 and angle 35.0 as shown.

Method 1: Find the angle that

makes with the positive x axis Hint not displayed

Hint C.2

Method 2: Use vector addition Hint not displayed

Enter the x component followed by the y component, separated by a comma. ANSWER: = -0.574,0.819 Correct

Problem 3.3
Part A What is the x-component of vector in terms of the angle and the magnitude shown in the figure?

ANSWER:

= Correct

Part B What is the y-component of vector in terms of the angle and the magnitude shown in the figure?

ANSWER:

= Correct

Part C For the same vector, what is the x-component in terms of the angle and the magnitude ?

ANSWER:

= Correct

Part D For the same vector, what is the y-component in terms of the angle and the magnitude ?

ANSWER:

= Correct

Problem 3.4
A position vector in the first quadrant has an x-component of Part A and a magnitude of .

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What is the value of its y-component? ANSWER: 8.00 m Correct

Problem 3.17
Are the following statements true or false? Part A The magnitude of a vector can be different in different coordinate systems. ANSWER: True False Correct

Part B The direction of a vector can be different in different coordinate systems. ANSWER: True False Correct

Part C The components of a vector can be different in different coordinate systems. ANSWER: True False Correct

Problem 3.19
What are the x- and y-components of the velocity vector shown in the figure?

Part A

ANSWER:

= -86.6 m/s Correct

Part B

ANSWER:

= 50.0 m/s Correct

Problem 3.26
Part A What is the angle between vectors and in the figure?

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ANSWER:

= 71.6 Correct

Part B Use components to determine the magnitude of .

ANSWER:

= 3.00 Correct

Part C Use components to determine the direction of Find , the angle between ANSWER: and the x-axis. .

= 90.0 Correct

Problem 3.30
Carlos runs with velocity Part A How far to the north of his starting position does Carlos end up? ANSWER: 1270 m Correct for minutes.

Problem 3.32
The minute hand on a watch is Part A From 8:00 to 8:20 a.m.? Express vector ANSWER: in the form , , where the x and y components are separated by a comma. in length. What is the displacement vector of the tip of the minute hand

= 1.73,-3.00 cm Correct

Part B From 8:00 to 9:00 a.m.? Express vector ANSWER: in the form , , where the x and y components are separated by a comma.

= 0,0 cm Correct

Problem 3.37
Jack and Jill ran up the hill at Part A What was the angle of the hill? Give your answer to two significant figures. ANSWER: = 33.6 Correct . The horizontal component of Jill's velocity vector was .

Part B What was the vertical component of Jill's velocity? Give your answer to two significant figures. ANSWER: = 1.66 m/s Correct

Problem 3.42
A flock of ducks is trying to migrate south for the winter, but they keep being blown off course by a wind blowing from the west at angle to the wind. . A wise elder duck finally realizes that the solution is to fly at an

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Part A If the ducks can fly at relative to the air, what direction should they head in order to move directly south?

ANSWER:

48.6 Correct

west of south

Problem 3.43
The car in the figure speeds up as it turns a quarter-circle curve from north to east. When exactly halfway around the curve, the car's acceleration is (2.0 , 15 south of east).

Part A At this point, what is the component of tangent to the circle?

Express your answer using two significant figures. ANSWER: = 1.0 Correct

Part B At this point, what is the component of perpendicular to the circle?

Express your answer using two significant figures. ANSWER: = 1.7 Correct

Problem 3.44
The figure shows three ropes tied together in a knot. One of your friends pulls on a rope with 3.0 units of force and another pulls on a second rope with 5.0 units of force.

Part A How hard must you pull on the third rope to keep the knot from moving? Express your answer using two significant figures. ANSWER: = 4.4 units of force Correct

Part B In what direction must you pull on the third rope to keep the knot from moving? Express your answer using two significant figures. ANSWER: = 83 Correct counterclockwise from the left direction

Reading Quiz 3.1

Part A What is a vector?

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ANSWER:

A quantity having both size and direction The rate of change of velocity A number defined by an angle and a magnitude The difference between initial and final displacement None of the above Correct

Reading Quiz 3.2

Part A What is the name of the quantity represented as ?

ANSWER:

Invariant magnitude Integral of motion Unit vector in the x-direction Length of the horizontal axis Correct

Reading Quiz 3.3

Part A This chapter shows how vectors can be added using ANSWER: graphical addition only. algebraic addition only. numerical addition only. both graphical and algebraic addition. both graphical and numerical addition. Correct

Conceptual Question 3.1

Part A Can the magnitude of the displacement vector be more than the distance traveled? ANSWER: Yes No Correct

Part B Less than the distance traveled? ANSWER: Yes No Correct

Part C Explain. ANSWER: My Answer:

Conceptual Question 3.3

Part A If , can ?

ANSWER:

Yes No

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Correct

Part B Can ?

ANSWER:

Yes No Correct

Part C For each, explain why or why not. ANSWER: My Answer:

Conceptual Problem 3.5

Part A Which of the following is NOT a vector? ANSWER: velocity acceleration displacement speed Correct

True/False Problem 3.1

Part A The magnitude of the resultant of two vectors must be greater than or equal to the magnitude of each of these vectors. ANSWER:

True False Correct

True/False Problem 3.2

Part A The magnitude of a vector cannot be smaller than the magnitude of any of its components. ANSWER:

True False Correct

True/False Problem 3.4

Part A The components of a vector will be the same no matter what coordinate system is used to express that vector. ANSWER:

True False Correct

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True/False Problem 3.6

Part A The magnitude of the displacement vector of an object is equal to the distance that object has moved. ANSWER:

True False Correct

Quantitative Problem 3.2

Part A Vector has length 5 units and directed to the north. Vector has length and is directed to the south. Calculate the magnitude and direction of

ANSWER: 11 units, north 1 units, south 11 units, south 1 units, north Correct

Quantitative Problem 3.3

Part A Vector has length 1 units and directed to the north. Vector has length 3 units and is directed to the south. Calculate the magnitude and direction of

ANSWER: 2 units, north 4 units, north 4 units, south 2 units, south Correct

Quantitative Problem 3.4

Part A You walk to the north, then turn 60 to your right and walk another 45 m. How far are you from where you originally started?

ANSWER: 77 m 44 m 40 m 84 m Correct

Quantitative Problem 3.10

Part A

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A rabbit trying to escape a fox runs north for 4.0 m, darts northwest for 5.0 m, then drops 1.0 m down a hole into its burrow. What is the magnitude of the net displacement of the rabbit? ANSWER: 10 m 5.9 m 7.6 m 8.4 m Correct

Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 100.7%. You received 38.25 out of a possible total of 38 points.

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