Explain the factor controlling nitrification rate

Temperature :
Nitrifying bacteria are temperature sensitive. Rapid changes in temperature do not produce rapid changes in growth rates. A slow adaptation period, with a lower than expected rate follows such changes.

Oxygen Concentration : Nitrifying bacteria are especially sensitive to low oxygen

concentrations, and providing enough oxygen in waste water treatment plants is often the most important design consideration.

Inhibiting Substances : When exposed to more than one inhibitor, the extent of
inhibition increases greatly.

pH Dependency : The reactions occur fastest when pH is from 8 - 9, although if

the bacteria exist in flocs or films the pH at the cell surface will be lower than the bulk pH due to the production of H+ ions.

Moisture : Low water availability can inhibit microbial activity by lowering

intracellular water potential and thus reducing hydration and activity of enzymes.

Population of microorganism : The application of anhydrous

ammonia to soil by conventional applicators employing knife-type injectors results in large concentrations of ammonia in a localized area.Which is decreasing the population of microorganism

Water level : Water level has a strong effect on the growth rate
of nitrifying bacteria.Optimum water level needed and too high or too low water level may decreasing nitrification process.

Inhibition/Toxicity : Inhibition is temporary short-term or long-term loss of

enzymatic activity. Toxicity is permanent loss of enzymatic activity or irreversible damage to cellular structure. Small increases in inhibitory wastes can cause a dramatic reduction in nitrification