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Issue: Whether or not Rolando Dural (and other petitioners in the other consolidated cases) was lawfully arrested
Ruling: Dural and the other petitioners were lawfully arrested for being members of the New Peoples Army (mere membership is penalized), and for subversion (a continuing offense). Subversion and rebellion are anchored on an ideological base which compels the repetition of the same acts of lawlessness & violence until the objective of overthrowing organized government is attained. Likewise, the arresting officers had personal knowledge of facts indicating that the person to be arrested is the one who committed the offense (based on actual facts), coupled with good faith in making the arrest. The Court reiterates that mere suspicion of being a Communist Party member or a subversive is absolutely not a ground for the arrest without warrant of the suspect. The Court predicated the validity of the arrests on the compliance with the requirements of a long existing law; probable cause and good faith of the arresting peace officers; and that the arrest be on the basis of actual facts and circumstances.