Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Contents
Topic Page
Trigonometry 2
Cartesian and Polar Co-ordinates and Radian 9
measure
Sinusoidal Functions 12
Trigonometric Identities 16
Bibliography 19
Page 1 of 20
Steve Goddard
Trigonometric Methods
Trigonometry
a 2 +0.62 = 4.2 2
a 2 +0.36 =17 .64
a 2 =17 .28
a = 17 .28
a = 4.156 m
1.2 Calculate how far the top of the ladder rises when the foot of
the ladder is moved 20cm towards the pylon
a 2 +0.4 2 = 4.2 2
a 2 +0.16 =17 .64
a 2 =17 .48
a = 4.18
Page 2 of 20
Steve Goddard
25°
R 20°
S
Q
x 50
Equation 1
In triangle PQS
h
Tan 20 ° =
x + 50
Hence h = tan 20 °( x + 50 )
i.e. h = 0.3639 ( x + 50 )
Equation 2
h
In triangle PQR, Tan 25 ° =
x
18 .195 = 0.1024 x
18 .195
x= =177 .685
0.1024
From equation 2,
Page 3 of 20
Steve Goddard
35°
A
C 5mm
θ = 180 ° − 90 ° − 35 ° = 55 °
So to find BC:
52 +3.501 2 = BA 2 = 37 .257
37 .257 = 6.103
Page 4 of 20
Steve Goddard
First of all I worked out how far each ship had traveled by multiplying their speed
by time.
60 b
0
c
C
75
0 a
B
So:
c 2 = 750 2
+600 2
−2(750 ×600 ) cos C
c = 875.362 Km
Page 5 of 20
Steve Goddard
B
A
2500m
5000m
θ
H
b
3
H
3
5000m a
A B c 2500m
H
A H
1 H1 2
H
B
2
50
O
45
O
O
H
3
H H
1 2
70
1
O
Calculations
5000
AO = = 4195 .498
Tan 50
2500
OB = = 2500
Tan 45
Next from these Lengths I worked out the hypotenuse of each triangle H1 and H2.
Page 6 of 20
Steve Goddard
H 1 = 5000 2
+ 4195 .498 2
= 42598025 = 6526 .716
H2 = 2500 2
+ 2500 2
= 12500000 = 3535 .533
H 3 2 = 6526 .716 2 + 3535 .533 2 − ( 2 × 6526 .716 × 3535 .533 × cos 70 ) =39313498.56
B
A
2500m
θ
2500m
6270.04
b
7
2500
= 0.398
6270 .047
θ = Sin −1 = 23 .498
This problem can be solved a number of ways such as firstly solving the length AB
using Pythagoras’s theorem and then using TOA to work out the angle.
2500
= 0.434776
5750 .086
Eg.
θ = Tan −1
= 23 .498
5.2 Find the speed of the aero plane if the time between observations is
40s
Speed = Distance over time but first of all I converted the units:
Page 7 of 20
Steve Goddard
6270 .047
Speed = = 570 .042 Km / h
0.011
6270 .047
Speed = = 156 .751 m / s
40
.
x
30N 50N
55
°
x 2 =1679 .271
x = 40 .978
Therefore
40 .978 30
≡
Sin 55 SinR
30 Sin 55
SinR = = 0.599
40 .978
R = 36 .848
Page 8 of 20
Steve Goddard
Y
P
5. r
5
θ
a
0
2.2 X
−1 5 .5
By trigonometric ratios a = tan = 68 .19859 or 1.19028 rad
2 .2
θ=2.27
rad
A
0
R= 6.4
Page 9 of 20
Steve Goddard
9.1 30°
1° = 0.0174
So:
30 x 0.0174 = 0.523
9.2 90°
90 x 0.0174 = 1.566
π
9.3 rads
3
π
= 1.047 Rad
3
Page 10 of 20
Steve Goddard
10.1 The angular velocity of the wheels in both rad/s and rpm
km m 1 h
= 108 ×1000 × = 30 m / s
h km 3600 s
800
Radius of the wheel = = 400 mm
2
= 0 .4 m
ω 75
Meaning angular speed n = = rev/s
2π 2π
75
= 60 × Rev/min
2π
10.2 The number of revolutions made by one of the wheels if the speed
remains constant for 2.7km and there is no slipping
s
Since v = then the time taken to travel 2.7km i.e. 2700m at a constant speed
t
of 30m/s is given by:
s 2700 m
Time t = = = 90 s
v 30 m / s
Since the wheel is rotating at 716.19 rev/min, then in 90/60 minutes it makes:
90
716 .19 rev / min × min = 1074 .285 Revolutions
60
Page 11 of 20
Steve Goddard
Sinusoidal Functions
The solutions of Cos-1 (-0.678), between 0 & 360 degrees are: 132.69 and 227.31
π
v = 100 Sin 200 πt + volts
4
Determine:
12.1 The amplitude, periodic time, frequency and phase angle (in
degrees)
Amplitude = 100 V
2π 2π 1
Hence periodic time, T = = =
ω 200 π 100
= 0.01 s Or 10 ms
1 1
Frequency, f = = = 100 Hz
T 0.01
π 180
Phase Angle = rad = 0.785rad = 0.785 ×
4 π
= −70 .71 V
Page 12 of 20
Steve Goddard
5
v =100 Sin 200 π 3 −0.785
10
= 70 .17 V
50
= Sin (200 πt − 0.785 )
100
50
Hence ( 200 πt − 0.785 ) = arcsin
100
1.307
Time, t = = 2.0801 ×10 −3 seconds
200 π
Voltage = 141.4 V (rms). So the maximum value or amplitude is: 2 (141 .4) =
200
The third harmonic component has an amplitude equal to 40% of 200 V i.e. 80
ω = 2π 600 = 1200 π
π
Hence third harmonic voltage is represented by V = 80 sin( 1200 πt + )
4
The fifth harmonic has an amplitude equal to 20% of 200 V i.e. 40
Page 13 of 20
Steve Goddard
π π
V = 200 sin ( 400 πt ) + 80 sin 1200 πt + + 40 sin 2000 πt −
4 3
13.2 Plot the resulting complex waveform for v over one cycle of the
fundamental waveform.
300
The data used for this graph can be found on the next page.
Spreadsheet Formula
A1 = Time
B1 = Fundamental Voltage = 200*SIN(400*PI()*A3*0.001)
C1 = Third Harmonic = 80*SIN(1200*PI()*A3*0.001+PI()/4)
D1 = Fifth Harmonic = 40*SIN(2000*PI()*A3*0.001-PI()/3)
E1 = Total Voltage = B3+C3+D3
200
Page 14 of 20
Steve Goddard
Page 15 of 20
Steve Goddard
Page 16 of 20
Steve Goddard
Trigonometric Identities
1
14. Show that: Sin 2θ = (1 − Cos 2θ ) and explain where this would be
2
useful
Then:
Cos 2θ = 1 − Sin 2θ
∴Cos 2θ =1 + 2 Sin 2θ
(1 −Cos 2θ)
∴ = Sin 2θ
2
Rearranging the equation to make the answer equal to zero would 5Sin 2 x +3Sin x −4 = 0
give me:
Now that the equation is in this format I can easily apply the quadratic formula:
So: a = 5, b = 3 and c = -4
+ Sinx = 0.6433
- Sinx = -1.2433
π
16. Solve the following for values: 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π 5Sin θ − = 8Cosθ
6
Page 17 of 20
Steve Goddard
π 8 cos θ
Sin θ − =
6 5
8Cos θ π
= Sin θ Cos Cos θ
5 6
Divide by Cos θ
8
= 0.866 Tan θ − 0.5
5
Tan θ = 1.715
ϑ = 59 .75 °
Or 1.043 radians
Page 18 of 20
Steve Goddard
Equating co-efficients:
7.8
Cos α =
R
5.5
Sin α =
R
so ,
RSin α = 5.5
RCos α = 7.8
5.5
Tan α =
7.8
α = 0.614 radians
4.5 4.5
9.544 Sin (t + 0.614 ) = 4.5 = Sin ( t + 0.614 ) = = t + 0.614 = Sin −1
9.544 9.544
4.5
∴t = Sin −1 − 0.614
9.544
Page 19 of 20
Steve Goddard
Bibliography
www.google.com
Page 20 of 20