40

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K?

KE KKK F

EKKK F

KK
K

KKK

K
K

K
KK

K K

K
W

F K

KEKK

K o

K o

K o

K o

% 100W

4W

--

J 1

F K

KEKKK F EKK
K

J
W

K F KEKKK

--

KEKKKF

WK

J
F
WEJ

W -

EKK F W o
K EKK F

KKKW

W o
K

KKKW

W EF

W K

KKKE220120F

KW WK

KKKK

--

W WK

KKK

KKK

W KKKKW

W
-

KEF Open Loop Control SystemJ

K
K

Closed Loop Control SystemJ

EF

FK

KEKKK

--

K
EF

KKK

(1)

E1-1F
K

Controller

WE1-1F

KW KEFW -

FW KE

--

KW KW -

KW -

W -

G
K
K

EKKK F G

FEKKF

F EKKK

KEKKK

G
KKK

KK

Block DiagramJ

F

KE
K

EF

--

K
E2-1F

X(s)

G(s)

Y(s)

WE2-1F

E2-1F

Y(s) = X(s) G(s)

(1)

K K

EFK

KKW

Comparing ElementJ
(Reference input)
K(Feed back signal)

EFKE3-1F

--

R(s)

E(s) ( )

B(s)

WE3-1F

E(s) = R(s) - B(s)

(2)

K EF

EF

Summing ElementJ

KE4-1F

X2
X1

X1

X3

WE4-1F

(3)

X2

X3

Y = X1 + X2 X3

K
--

Branch pointJ
K C(s) EJ F

K C(s)

C(s)

C(s)

C(s)

WE5-1F

E2F

E6-1FY
X1
X2

q1
q2

q1X1

q2X2

+
-

5 (C)

WE6-1F

X2 X1

KE5 CF

K q2 q1 ECF X2 X1

.q2X2 q2 q1X1 q1
WY

Y = X1q1 + X2q2 -5

--

KCY

WK

X(s)
Input

G2(s)

G1(s)

Process

Controller

Y(s)

Output

WE7-1F

Y(s) = X(s)G1(s) G2(s)(4)

G1(s) G2(s)

W(3)

K K
W

:
Input

Process

:
Output

)
...(

EFWE8-1F

- -

J
K
K E F
K

K
K

KE9-1F

X(s)

+-

E(s)

G1(s)

G2(s)

Y(s)

B(s)

H(s)

Y(s)

WE9-1F

EsFXEF

E(s) EF

EF

E(s) = X(s) - B(s)

(5)

KW

Feed Forward Transfer Function (FFTF)

Y(s)
FFTF = G 1 (s)G 2 (s) =
(6)
E(s)
(7)

Y(s) = G 1 (s)G 2 (s)E (s)

- -

KW
Feed Back Transfer Function (FBTF)
B(s)

FBTF = H(s) =
Y(s)

(8 )

B(s)

B(s) = H(s)Y(s) (9)

Y(s)
J

Closed Loop Transfer Function (CLTF)WG

CLTF =

Y(s)
(10)
X(s)

WE7FE5F E(s)
Y(s) = [X(s) - B(s)]G1 (s)G 2 (s) (11)
WE9FB(s)

Y(s) = [X(s) Y(s)H(s)]G1 (s)G 2 (s)

W

Y(s) = X(s)[G1 (s)G 2 (s)] - Y(s)[G1 (s)G 2 (s)H(s)]

X(s) [G1 (s)G 2 (s)] = Y(s)[G1 (s)G 2 (s)H(s) + 1]

CLTF =

G1 (s)G 2 (s)
Y(s)
=
X(s) 1 + H(s)G1 (s)G 2 (s)

(12)

WE4F

K E1F

WK

- -

)
(

+-

)
(

()

WE10-1F

E1F

W
X(s)

G1(s)

G2(s)

Y(s)

EJ 11-1F

J
X(s)

G1(s)

Y(s)

G2(s)

+-

B(s)

EJ 11-1F
X1

q1

X2

+
-

q2
G1

EJ 11-1F

- -

G2

X(s)

+ --+

G1(s)

Y(s)

G2(s)

EJ 11-1F

X(s)

+ --+

G1(s)

Y(s)

G2(s)

K(s)

EJ 11-1F

E2F

K(Split unit)

KK
KEF

E1F

Y(s) = X(s)G1 (s)G 2 (s) :EF

Y(s) = G1 (s)G 2 (s)[X(s) B(s)] WEF

Y = (q1X1 + q 2 X 2 G1 )G 2 WEF

G1 (s)G 2 (s)
X(s) WEF
1 + G1 (s)G 2 (s)
G1 (s)G 2 (s)
Y(s) =
X(s) WEF
1 + K (s)G1 (s)G 2 (s)

- -

Y(s) =

E2F

EFK

K K
K

()

()

( )

E12-1F

ControllersJ
F
KKEF E

K????K
W

KKK
Two Position control ON-OFFJ

ON W

KOFF

ON

KOFF ONKOFF
- -

KEF
W

OFF

OFF

()

ON

ON

(T C)

WE13-1F
EF

W G
W

(ON-OFFF(OFF-ONFZ

WW

ZHZ

KWG

WEF G
K

OFF + ON
Z
2

KWG

HZ
- -

KWG

J Z

KWG
KEFWG

Control Energy (CE) WG

KControlled Variable (CV)

CV
Z
CE

E5F

KEF 4 C 8 C
KK1 C

E F

K
W

ON

ON

(6 C)
OFF

OFF

1C

4 C
3 C

1C

(T C)
9 C
8 C

WE14-1F

W
8 C W 4 C W -

1 C W - -

W
4 + 8 OFF + ON
W =
2
2
4 C = OFF - ON W -

6 C =

6 C = 1x2 + 4 W 9 C = 1 + 8 W -

3 C = 1 - 4 W -

KE F

KKEKKK

KK

K K

J -11FK

- -

KEJ -11
K??

R=0
T

WEJ 15-1F

()

ON

OFF

ON

OFF

(T C)

WEJ 15-1F

EF

KKK

KE 32F
K??

Proportional Controller 5
EF
K

(Proportional Controller)
K
- -

KEKKK
.

K EJ 16-1F

KEProportional gainF Kp E
KE

K
KKp

R(t)

E(t)
-

M(t)

Kp

Plant

C(t)

B(t) = C(t)

WEJ 16-1F

K EJ 16-1F
KE(t) = aEF

KaKpaKp

KEAmplifierF

E(t)

M(t)
aKp

WEJ 16-1F
- -

EJ 16-1F
K

()

WEJ 16-1F

WE6F

KE17-1F

WEJ 17-1F
- -

100%

90%

80%

(T C)

A
D

WEJ 17-1F

AB

.C

.F E

- -

WE7F

KE18-1F

R1

R2

C1

C2

L1

W1

L2
W2

1
2

R3

R4

WE18-1F

KEF
K

KR2R1

KEF C2 C1

KW2 W1
K R2 R1 R4 R3

- -

R4 + R2 = R3 + R1

R2R1KR1 < R2

KC2C1I1 > I2

C1 > C 2 I1 > I 2 R 1 < R 2

E1F

WR4R3
R4 + R2 = R3 + R1

C2KR2 R1

KC1

C1 < C2 I1 < I 2 R 1 > R 2

W2

KR4R3 E2F

R4 R3

KEF

- -

WE8F

F E19-1F

KE
K
K

()
100%

100%

WE19-1F

- -

WE9F

E20-1FK
K

K 1000 R2 R4 R3R1
KK

EFR2

A
R1

R2

R3

5V15V

R4

WE20-1F
EF

Derivative Controller
EDerivative ControllerF
EFK

K EM(t) = 0F

E-21-1FK

- -

R(t)

E(t)

C(t)

M(t)

KD

+ -

Plant

B(t) = C(t)

WEJ 21-1F

W
M( t ) = K D

d
[E( t )]
dt

WEJ 21F

E(t)

E(t)

at

M(t)

M(t)
aKD

WEJ 21-1F

- -

Integral ControllerJ
(Integral Controller)

K
KEJ 22-1F

R(t)

E(t)
-

M(t)

KI

Plant

C(t)

B(t) = C(t)

WEJ 22-1F

E=0

KEJ 22-1F E(t) = a

WM(t)

M ( t ) = K I 0t a dt
M( t ) = K I at

M(t)
KEJ 22-1F

E(t)

M(t)

EJ 22-1F

EJ 22-1F

- -

R(t) C(t)

KE(t) = 0
K

R(t)

KKIC(t)
K

KKIK

- -

K o

K o

o
K

% 90W

- -

ESensorFK

KEControllerF
EF
K
K

Temperature sensorsJ

Bulb J

Bi-metal J
Blow J

Thermocouple J

Electric Resistance J
Electronic Senors J

BulbJ

KE1-2FK

- -

[1]WE1-2F

Bi-metalJ

KE2-2F

WE2-2F
- -

Bellow J
K

K
KE3-2F

ON

OFF

WE3-2F

ThermocableJ

K

KE4-2F
W
J

J J

- -

mVolt

T C

E4-2F

Variable ResistanceJ
K

K
ENTCPTCF

WE5-2F

PTCEF J

KNTCEF J

hom

T C

WE5-2F

- -

KE21-1F

[3]WE6-2F
Humidity SensorsJ

W

J
K
K

ESilica gelF

KEZioliteFECalcium sulfateF

KE7-2F

WE7-2F
- -

J
K
Electric CapacitorJ

KKE8-2F

WE8-2F

J

K
KE9-2F

WE9-2F

- -

[1]EJ 10-2F

[1]WEJ 10-2F

Flow rate SensorsJ

K
K
- -

Liquid Flow rate SensorsJ

WEF

W G
EFK

KE11-2F

WE11-2F

Turbine flow-meter EFG

K
KE12-2F

- -

EFWE12-2F

(Ultra sonic flow-meter)

KE13-2F
K

[6] WE13-2F
- -

Air flow rate SensorsJ

air F

E Velocity meter

KE14-2F

Eair Velocity meterFWE14-2F

KE15-2F (Manometer)

(Pitot ube)
KE16-2F
K

- -

WE15-2F

[4] EPitot TubeFWE16-2F

E15 PaF

K 5 m/s

K 3.5 m/s

KEAnemometerF
KE17-2F
- -

[1] E AnemometerFWE17-2F
Controller typesJ
W
Electric and Electronic ControllersJ

KEKKKF

- -

Visual and Recorder controllerJ

WK

J
E18-2FKKK

- -

WE18-2F

ThermostatJ
EstatFEThermF

KK
K

FEF
KKEKKK
W
Bi-metal EF J
Bulb J

Bellow J

KE19-2FESwitchON/OFFF

- -

[1] WE19-2F

CJ BJ A
FJ EJ D J

EMercury SwitchesF

.E20-2F

- -

WE20-2F

W
Room Thermostat J

Outside Air Thermostat J

Fan Thermostat J

Coil Thermostat EF J

J 1

E21-2FG

WE21-2F

- -

E22-2FG

WK
J
K J

(ON) (OFF)
K

(OFF) (ON)
K

[1] WE22-2F

(Anticipator)

KEJ 23-2FEJ 23-2F

- -

LWEJ 23-2F

WEJ 23-2F

WEJ 23-2F

EJ FWE23-2F

ELF

KL
K
K

KE24-2FKEJ 23-2F

KWE24-2F

- -

E25-2FG

WE25-2F

Outside air Thermostat J 2

KE26-2F

- -

WE26-2F

Electronic Thermostat J 3

K
EKKK L F

KEKKK F
F
K E27-2FEKKK

WE27-2F

- -

K o
K o

% 90 W

W
K
K

- -

K
K

KK

K
K

J
J

K
K

KE1-3F

WE1-3F

- -

m& =

P 2 d 5
8f L

- L

- P

- f

KK

KE2-3F

WE2-3F

- -

J
E3-3F

K
K

50 C

30 C

40 C

40 C

50 C

30 C

[4]WE3-3F

J

K

K
K

KE4-3F

- -

WE4-3F

K
J
K J

K J

K J

J
K

J
K J

J
K

K J

- -

J
J

E5-3FK
K

F1 -

F2 -

K
K

F1

F2

WE5-3F

- -

W
-

K -

K E6-3F
E F

KEF

KEAFEF

KECF

()

()

( )

WE6-3F

KEBF
- -

E7-3FK
K

WE7-3F

- -

J
-

J
K

K -

KE8-3F

WE8-3F

- -

J 4
J

KE9-3F

P1

P3

P2

WE9-3F

KP1 KP3 -

KP2 -

P3 P2 P1
K
- -

P3 P2 P1
K

KEJ J FEJ J FEJ J F

WEJ J F

- -

WEJ J F

TKEDanfoss WEJ J F

- -

KEOverloadF

J
K

K ESolenoid valveF

KE11-3F

- -

OFF

ON

WE11-3F

J

K

K
W K
K -

K -

K -

K -

- -

J

K

KE12-3F

KE13-3F

WE12-3F

- -

WE13-3F

KE14-3F

WE14-3F

- -

KEAF

KEBF

E1-3F
K

-40 C
-30 C
-15 C
-5 C
5 C
(bar)
0.030
0.050
0.075
0.100
0.150
0.050
0.075
0.100
0.150
0.200
0.030
0.050
0.075
0.100
0.150
0.075
0.060
0.120
0.175
0.20
0.050
0.075
0.100
0.150
0.200

R12
R22
R500
R502
R717

WE1-3F

WE15-3F

- -

KE15-3F

KE16-3F

KK

WE16-3F

EF

K
K

- -

K
K

J
J

KE17-3F

WE17-3F

- -

18-F

KE3

B
A

( )

WE18-3F

K
KE19-3F

- -

WE19-3F

- -

W
K

K o

K o

90W

- -

K J
K J

KE1J 4F

KW
K

E1J 4F

- -

KEKK

FS

FEV

WE2J 4F

- -

KE3J 4F

[6] KVPDanfoss WE3J 4F

E4J 4F

NRD KVR

- -

[6]NRDKVR WE4J 4F

K
K

E5J 4FK

EJ FE6J 4FK
KKVL

- -

WE5J 4F

WE6J 4F

- -

[6] KVLWEJ 4F

EThermal ControllerFK

K J

- -

J
KE8J 4F
EF

K
K

40 15
K

WE8J 4F

- -

K
KE9J 4F

WE9J 4F

K K
K

CPCE E10J 4F
KLG

KLGHCPCE WE10J 4F
- -

K KE11J 4F

WE11J 4F

FK

E
KK

KKK
- -

E12J 4F
CVT PM3K

K
KCVT

[7]WE12J 4F

- -

KW

K o

K o

90W

- -

KKK

J
J

KE1-5F

EF

KEF
K

- -

()

()

()
100%

100%

WE1-5F

Water pressure reducing valve J

K

EJ F
K
KEDiaphragmF

- -

Diaphragm

WEJ F

J
L

KEChillersF

EF
K

K EJ F

K

K

- -

WEJ F
Pressure-Operated water valve

WEJ F
Thermostatic water valve with sensing bulb

- -

KEJ F
K

K
K

Pressure Cut outJ

K
K

KEJ FEF

KEKKF

WEJ F

K 2 bars

K
- -

KE

1 bar 0.6 barK

K

EJ F

E F

WEJ F

- -

KEJ F

KPWEJ F

K
K

EJ F
K

- -

(Danfoss MP)WEJ F

Oil pressure safety cutout

Solenoid valvesEFJ
K

EMembraneF
KEJ F

ENormaly Opened NOF

KENormaly Closed NCF

EJ FKK
K

- -

WEJ F

EVRWEJ F

- -

Three-way and Four-way valvesJ

EJ J FK

EJ J F
K

BMWEJ J F

BMWEJ J F

EJ FK
- -

KEBypassF

WEJ F

K
EJ F K

EJ F
KEFEF
K

- -

EF

EF

WEJ F

WEJ F

- -

Check valveJ

K J

K J

K J

J
K

EJ F K EJ F

EJ F

NRVEJ F

- -

WK

Safety valveJ
EKKKF
K

K K

K

EJ F K K

K
K

J
K

K J

J
K

J
K

K J

- -

WEJ F

Rupture disc J

K
K

EJ F K EF
K

WEJ F

- -

FuseJ
EFuseF

KEJ FK
K

EFusesFWEJ F

K J

K J

K J
K J

KKKK J

KEJ F

- -

WEJ F

- -

K W

K o

o
K

K o
K o

90W

W
K
K

K
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J

K

KK

KK

J
K

K

KK

KESingle phase 1F
K

- -

WEJ F

K J
L

110-1-60

OL

WEJ F

J
E F

K
KEFE1FK

EJ F

KEF

- -

L1 L2 L3

380-3-60

M
3

WEJ F

J
EF
K

LoadsJ
W

WCoils J

K
K

WResistances J

K K

WLamps J

Switches J
EF
KKK

- -

Wires J

- -

..

EJ F

F E

- -

KE J
K

(Trouble

Kshooting)

WEJ F

- -

EKKF

EF EJ FK
EJ F

K
K

W
(L2) N s L1F K

ENOFW

ENCF

Ready to start

K
K

J
J

ENCNOF

EF

EF

KK

- -

J
J

EJ F

KK

Over load OL
Comp. Motor C
Comp. Contactor K1
Cond. Fan CF
Evapor. Fan EF
Crank Case Heater CCH

K1

CF

EF

L1
DS

K1

OL
K1

K1

CCH

Thermostat T

110-1-60

Legends

Lamp L

Door Switch DS

EJ F

J

W

EP - hFJ

- -

J
W

EJ F K
KEP - hF

WEJ F

J
W

EF+5 CJ

KJ
J
10 C1 C J

KKK F

KEOver Load OLF J

- -

J
EJ F
K

ET F

R CR OL L1

J FEIsFK N C

KE
K S

KR

KELLF

ECut outF

K
KKK

IS IOL

KEJ F OL S
K

- -

110-1-60

Legends

L1

Thermostat T

OL

Over load OL
Current Relay CR

Starting Coils S

Running Coils R

CR

Common C

WEJ F

Legends

Starting Current IS
Running Current IR

IS

Over load Curent IOL

IOL

Starting time S

Over load time OL

OL

IR

WEJ F

EPTCF

KE150050 F

50

S 1500L

KEJ FR

- -

PTC

R
C

WEJ F

E-20 CF

K
K

J
E9J F
K

WE9J F

- -

J
W
-20C

J
W

-20C J
KEF

K J

K J

K J

K J

K J
J
WE10J F
WEF J

WEF J

WEF J

WEF J
WEF J

WEF J

WEF J
- -

110-1-60

Legends

Thermostat T

Over load OL

Comp. Motor C

Defrost heater Def.H

OL

Def.H

DH

Cond. Fan CF

Door Heater DH

EF

Door Switch DS

Lamp L

Def.Th

Def. Thermos. K Def.Th

Evapor. Fan EF

Def.T

DS

L1

CF

N
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E10J F

KEFEFEF J
J
J

F EF

E
K

KEF

4 C E F
K
- -

KERefrigerator-Freezer with Electric Heater Automatic DefrostF

E11J F

K
K

EFWE11J F
- -

K
K
K

KEJ F

WEJ F

- -

K KEJ F
KEF

WEJ F

- -

J
EF
W

+5 C -20 C J

J
J

J
J
K J

J
-20CF J

PTC J

EF J

- -

J
EJ F
W

WEF J

WEF J

WEF J
PTC

WEF J

WEF J

WEJ F J

WEF J

L1

WEJ F

WEJ F
K

- -

WEJ F

-22 C K

- -

KEF

K

F 3 C 10 C

KE
K-7 C

EKKKF

J
K
WEJ F
E1F J
J

J
E1F

J
K

- -

WEJ F

KEF

KEJ F

- -

GENERALWEJ F

J
J
K

K J

K J

K J

K J

K J
K J

- -

J
W

EKKKF J

J
EJ F
FK
KEKKK

CL1
F Run CapR

K L2 L2 C
S

L2

KSR

KL2

L2 Fan motor
K

KL2

- -

L1

6
4

L1

L2

EJ F

L1

K L2

KL2

KL2C HLimit

- -

J
J

E F

K
K

KEF
K

EJ F

K
- -

EJ F K

EGENERAL FEJ F
KERemote ControlF

EFEJ F

- -

J
WEJ F
3 J

3 J

1 J

HP Economizer F J
Low Ambient ControlLP
KAnti Short Cycle Timer

J
RAFS - SAFS A CT

4 G Auto RC R DE

FL2BC J6
Auto CoolKCFS LTEIBM
K (Economizer) J2 Y1

L2 CC1 E J5
OFM CM1 J J
RCE F L2 CC1

L3ELow Amb. Temp.FJ4

H J6 Y2

KCM2CC2

- -

- -

WEJ F

J
2 W1 Auto Heat

KE F HC1

HC2 W2

IBMKEF
KBR

- -

J
J

ETRANEF EJ F K
EJ F K

WEJ F

- -

WEJ F

J
EJ F

KEJ F

J
CN-3 TNS1
G FAN SWITCH Auto Cool

KEIDM F CN-6 F

CN-6CC TSC-1 AutoCool

CPR 21J 20J 19

CC-2 ODM CR

KCF1

K(Optional Start Kit)

- -

J
K IDM
Auto Heat

AH PPM6-3 W1 TSH-1
KEF CN-6 F PPM6-1
W2 TSH-2

PPM6-1 BH PPM6-2

KEF CN-6F

- -

- -

WEJ F
- -

W
E

E
K

KK 23 2 C
WK

E
.

E
K

W1 C 23 2 C

K
-

KKJ
E
- -

E
K

K J

K J

K E

K E
W
K E
W
K

KE

KE

KE

W
K E
K E

K E

K E

W
K E

K E

K E

- -

E F

K60 Hz-220 V KE1F E1F

K TEV = -20 CTCD= 35 C
W

W E
TEV J
EVR J

SR J

CR J

OSJ

TCDC J

ELVJ

-20C

.E

.E

KE
- -

220 V 1 60 Hz

- -

GLOSSARY

Accumulator
Adaptater
Adiabatic
Air cycle
Air filter
Amplifier
Anemometer

EF




B

Blade
Boiling point
Bypass

Capacitor
Capacity
Capalliary tube
Catalogue
Central force
Centrifugal
Charging
Check valve
Chilled Water
Chiller
Climate
Closed loop
Cold storage
Comfort
Compressor
Condenser
Conduction
Contact
Contactor
Controller
Convection

- -

Cooler
Cooling load
Critical
Cut-out

EF

Defrost
Defrosting
Dehumidifier
Derivetive control system
Dessicant
Detector
Dew point
Diaphragm
Diode
Discharge
Drain
Dry bulb
Drier

Duct
Effectiveness
Efficiency
Emissivity
Enthalpie
Equaliser
Evaporator
Expansion valve
External

Fan
Filter
Floating Control
Four way
Freezing
Fresh air
Function

- -

EF

Gas
Gauge
Glycol
Guarantee period

Heat
Hermetic
High pressure
Hose
Hot gas defrost
Humidistat
Humidity

Ice
Induction
Infiltration
Integral control system
Internal
Insulation

Kinetic
Kit

Latent heat
Leak
Liquid
Louver
Low pressure

Maintenance
- -

Manometer
Mass transfer
Miscibility of oil
Mixing
Moisture
Muffler

Noise
Non-condensable gas
Nut

Packaged unit
Pallet
Pipe
Pitot tube
Pressure
Pressure gauge
Probe
Process
Product
Proportional control
Psychrometers
Psychrometric chart
Purge

EF

EF

Quality
Quantity

Oil
Oil pressure Safety cut-out
Oil separator

EF

- -

Radiation
Ratio
Raceiver
Refrigerant
Relative humidity
Relay
Rotary

Temperature
Thermometer
Thermal
Thermo-electric
Thermostat
Thermostatic expansion valve

Safe
Safety
Saturation
Screw
Semi-conductor
Sensible heat
Separator
Service
Shell and coil
Shell and tube
Solar
Solenoid valve
Spare parts
Specific heat
Split unit
Steam ejector
Steam injection
Storage
Strainer
Sub-cooling
Superheat

- -

Timer
Tower
Training
Transfer

Transfer Function
Two-Position control

EF

Units (SI)
Unit

Valve
Vapour
Variable
Velocity
Vibration
Volumetric efficiency

Washer
Water treatment
Wet bulb
Winter cycle

EF

- -

EF

- -

EF

- -

Modern Refrigeration and Air Conditioning []
A. D. Althouse, C. H. Turnquist, A. F. Bracciano
The Goodheart-Willcoxx Company, INC
Tinley Park, Illinois 1992
[]

KKK

Refrigeration Equipment [3]
A. C. Bryant
Butterworth Heinemann Second Edition
Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford 997
[ 4]
K

Feedback and Control Systems [5]
J. J.Distefano, A. R. Stubberud, I. J. Williams
Schaims outline series
McGraw-Hill International Book Company Singapore 1983
[ ]

J
DANFOSS Catalogue 2000 [7]
Commercial Refrigeration and Air Conditioning System Components
Nordborg Denmark 2000
DANFOSS Catalogue Condens [8]
Appareils de regulation automatique pour installations frigorifiques
Denmark 19982
[9]

- -

x10]

KKKK

x11z
K

TRANE Catalogue [12]
Illusion Split System
Trane Company USA 1998

- -

J
J

J
J

EF
GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS