Concept of God in Major Religions

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In the Name of Allah,

the Most Gracious,
the Most Merciful.
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‫ ّر ا‬
‫ ا د
ن ا‬
‫را
ــ و ــّم ــ‬
‫ــي ــ
ــ ــ ــ
اــ‬
‫ـــ‬
‫ا آر ذاآ‬
‫ــ‬
‫اآرة
ا‬
B.A(Geo;), B. Ed, M.Ed, Ph.D (Edn)
(Tsukuba University, Janpan),
Diploma in Daiyah (Al-Azahar)
3
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Concept of God
in
Major Religions
Edited by
Maulawi Muhammad Yasinn Bin Badi-ul-Huseinn
Author
Dr. Zakir Naik
President, Islamic Research Foundation
Mumbai, India
www.irf.net
Translated by
Dr. Hla Hla Win
B.A(Geo;), B.Ed, MEd, Ph.D (Edn)
(Tsukuba University, Japan),
Diploma in Daiyah (Al-Azahar, Yangon)
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bDbD(c)a':cav;rtm;vnf;aumif;txl;yifaus;Zl;wifygonf/ tdk-
tv’m[ft&Sijf rwf t&Sijf rwfonfuREyfk w f t Ykd m; þrsuaf rSmufavmuDb0wGif
uReaf wmfrsK;d wdt
Yk m; ESpbf 0ESpXf mepvk;H wGif tusK;d jyKrnfyh nmudk cs;D jri§ ahf y;oem;
awmfrlyg/ xdkynmjzifh usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifh jrwfwrefawmf\pGEé[fvrf;pOf
twdik ;f vdu
k ef musio hf ;Hk írdrw
d \
Ykd b0rsm;udk atmifjrifq;Hk aomb0rsm;tjzpf
wnfaqmufEikd pf rG ;f ay;oem;awmfryl g/
a'gufwmvSvS0if;
kd /f
B.A(Geo), B.Ed, M.Ed, Ph.D (Edn)
(Tsukuba University, Japan)
14-6-2005
rSwcf su/f aus;Zl;jyKí atmufygtrnfemrrsm;udk awGUaomtcgwdkif;

wref a wmf j rwf ( qG v ’ v ’ m [k tvk d i f ; [d 0pv’ m rf ) [l í vnf ; aumif ; ?
eADwrefawmfrsm; (tvdik ;f [d 0pv’mrf) qG[mAmrsm; (&oG, D v’m[k tef;ef[)k ?
ynm&Sifrsm; (&[frokv’m[d tvdkif;[d)[lí vnf;aumif; arwåmydkYMuyg&ef
arwåm&yfct H yfygonf/
wwd,tBurd af jrmufxwk af 0jcif;twGuf
bmomjyefqo kd \
l xyfqift h rSmpm
8
‫ا
ـــ ا
اـــ ـــ و ـــ و أ
هـــ و رـــ‬
‫"ـــ! ـــ و رـــ
اـــ ا
ـــث‬# ‫م‬%‫ة و ا
&ـــ‬%‫وا
(ـــ‬
‫"ـــ! )
ـــ و ـــ و‬# ‫ـــ ا و‬# ‫رــ*
"ـــ
ـــ ـــ‬
+,‫ـــ وا‬
tv’m[ft&Sijf rwf\ u½kPmawmfjzifh þ ]urÇmt h "du bmomw&m;

rsm;ESifh udk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq}udk wwd,tBudrfajrmuf uefYowfjzefYcsd
cGi&hf onft h wGuf tv’m[ft&Sijf rwftm; txl;yif aus;Zl;wifryd gonf/xdjYk yif
wwd,tBurd x f w k af 0onfh þpmwrf;tm;jyefvnfNy;D pDppfwnf;jzwfay;onfh
uREyfk \ f cspcf ifyeG ;f q&marmfv0Dr[k r®',
f mpD;eftm; aus;Zl;wifaMumif; rSww f rf;
wiftyfygonf/
þusrf;i,fonf]aomif[D;'f} ac: tpövmrfh\wpfyg;wnf;aom
t&Siftay:,kHMunfjcif;opömw&m;udk urÇmhay:&Sd tjcm;aombmomw&m;
wdkYESifhEIdif;,OfvQuf a&;om;jyKpkí ½kd;pif;pGmzGifh[wifjyxm;aomusrf;i,f
jzpfygonf/ þpmwrf;tm; zwf½Iavhvmjcif;tm;jzifh pm½IoltaeESifh
]ud;k uG,&f mt&Si}f jzpfaom ]God} ESihf tjcm;aom vlvyk u f ;kd uG,&f mrsm;jzpfaom
]god} wd\ Yk oabmw&m;rsm;udk em;vnfoabmaygufEikd yf gaomaMumif?h rdr\ d
tuD'g[f ,kHMunfcsufcH,lcsufudk ydkrdktm;aumif;EdkifapouJhodkY? olwyg;
tm;vnf; vrf;ñTefjy&mwGif tvGeftaxmuftuljyKayvdrfhrnf/ usrf;jrwf
uk&t f mefwiG f tv’m[ft&Sijf rwfrS rdeaYf wmfrx l m;onfrmS

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¤if;jyif toifwdkYwGif (tMuifodkYaom)tzJGYtpnf;wck&dS&ayrnf/

xdktzGJYtpnf;onf (vlom;wdkYtm;) aumif;&maumif;aMumif;
bufodkY zdwfac:Mu&rnf/ xdkYjyif aumif;jrwfaomt&mrsm;udk
ñTefMum;Mu&rnf/ ¤if;jyifxdktzJGYtpnf;onf raumif;rIrsm;rS
jrpfwm;Mu&rnf/ þodkYaomolrsm;onfyifvQif (vkH;0) atmifjrif
rnfholrsm;jzpfMuayownf;/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef(3;104)
txufygtm,ofawmfwiG f ñTejf yxm;onft h wdik ;f ? [luul vk af tAm'f
ac: tzefqif;cHrsm;tay:wGif wm0ef0wå&m;ESifhtcGifhta&;rsm;twGif;rS
'tf0oktv d v’m[f (tv’m[ft&Sijf rwf\vrf;awmfoYkd zdwaf c:jcif;)onfrw G f
pvifrfrsm;\ arG;&mygwm0efjzpfonf/ rGwfpvifrfnDaemifrsm;? nDrrsm;
tm;'tf0[f(zdwaf c:rIjyKjcif;)onf ta&;Bu;D ouJo h ?Ykd bmomrwlorl sm;tm;
tpövmrf\trSefw&m;?t&Sdw&m;rsm;udk &Sif;vif;? ñTefjy'tf0[fzdwfac:a&;
rSmvnf; rvGrJ aoG vkyaf qmif&rnf?h vkyaf qmifoifo h nfh wm0efBu;D jzpfygonf/
txufazmfjyygwm0efBuD;rsm;udk ausyGefpGmxrf;aqmif&if;vQuf
tv’m[ft&Sijf rwf\ESpNf rKd UrIu&kd mS azGí 'gtDaumif;jzpf&efBuKd ;yrf;Muygpd/Yk
‫ و ام ل ا

أن ز ا
ا و‬---‫هذا‬

‫ ا‬.!‫ي ا"ب ا" و ا ا‬%‫ا
)( ' & ه‬
.*+
)‫ا) و
ا‬
a'gufwmvSv0S if;
kd /f
B.A(Geo), B.Ed, M.Ed, Ph.D (Edn)
(Tsukuba University, Japan)
14-6-2005
ed'gef;
acwfopfurÇm&Sd uREfkyfwdkYvlom;rsm;\,Ofaus;rIwGif xif&Sm;aom
tcsi;f vu©Pmwpfcrk mS ,HMk unfu;kd uG,&f m bmomw&m;rsm;ESihf vlru I si0hf wf
pepfrsm;tajrmuftjrm; wnf&adS ejcif;yifjzpfonf/ vlom;onf zefqif;&Sifu
vlom;tygt0if þavmu"mwfBuD;wpfckvHk;udk tb,faMumifh zefqif;
cJh&oenf;[laom taMumif;t&if;ESifh zefqif;cHt&mrsm;teuf? rdrdwdkY
vlom;rsm;\ tcef;u@udk em;vnf&eftNrJwap &SmazGpl;prf;aeygonf/
tmEd;k wGKd iAf o D nf acwftqufquf vlo Y rdik ;f pOfukd avhvmNy;D ? ol\&SmazG
awGU&Scd surf sm;udk twGBJ u;D wpfq,fwyJG g0ifaom ordik ;f 0if r[mrSww f rf;Bu;D
tjzpf rSww f rf;wifco hJ nf/ (1954) ckEpS ?f atmufwb kd m(24)&ufwiG x f w k af 0cJh
aom The Observer pmapmifwGif a&;om;cJhonfh ol\aqmif;yg;wGif
bmomw&m;onf vl U ord k i f ; wpf a vQmuf t"d u
tmEd k ; wG d K if A D u ]bmomw&m;onf
usaomtcef;u@ wpfenf;qdkaomf vlYordkif;\A[dktcsuftcsmwGif
&Sdon
nf}[k tESpcf sKyaf zmfjyxm;onfuakd wGU&\/
wpfzefol\a&;om;csufrSm ]uREfkyf jyefvnf,HkMunfvmcJhonfrSm
bmomw&m;onf avmuüwnf&adS om vQKd U0Suq f ef;Mu,frrI sm;udek m;vnf&ef
yifraomhcsuf jzpfonf/}
atmufpzd'Yk t f bd"mefwiG f ]bmomw&m;}[laom a0g[m&\ t"dymÜ ,fukd
omrefvlwdkYxufomvGefonfh pGrf;tm;&Sdonfh t&mrsm;udk,HkMunfjcif;?
]omref
txl ; ojzif h yk*¾vxm0&bk&m;&Sifudkjzpfap (odkYr[kwf) tjcm; tjcm;bk bk&m;
rsm;udjk zpfap emcHu;kd uG,jf cif;}[k azmfjyxm;ayonf/
urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;tm;vkH;\ bHkwlnDaom vu©PmrSm
]pMu0VmvHk;qdkif&m udk;uG,f&mt&Sif? t<uif;rJh tmPmawmfydkif&Sifonf
teEÅbek ;f awmf&iS ?f teEÅ ÓPfawmf&iS jf zpfaMumif;ukd ,HMk unfMujcif;jzpfonf/
urÇmh t"dubmomw&m;rsm;udk ouf0if,HkMunfMuaomolwdkYu? ¤if;wdkY\
udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf tjcm;bmom0iftoD;oD;\ udk;uG,f&mt&SifESifh
twlwyl ifjzpfonf[k ,HMk unfxm;csuyf if jzpfonf/
rwf(p)0g'ESihf z½du k 'f \
f t,ltquJo h aYkd om bmom w&m;rJt h ,lwu Ykd
pepfwus zGUJ pnf;wnfaxmifNy;D &Sad eMuaom bmomw&m;rsm;udk tjrpfrpS í
wdu k cf ukd &f ef BuKd ;yrf; cJMh uonf/ tjyeftvSeo f abmtm;jzif?h þodw Yk u
kd cf u
kd rf I
rsm;aMumifhyifvQif xdkbmomrJhrsm;udk,fwdkifyif rodvdkufbJ ,if;bmom
w&m;rsm; tay:,HkMunfrIu ydkrdkzGHNzdK;vmwwfMuonf/ Oyrm-urÇmhEdkifiH
trsm;tjym;wGif uGejf rLepf0g'xGe;f um;vmaomtcg? ¤if;wdb Yk ufu0g'jzefrY ?I
uwd0efcrH rI sm;udk pdwt f m;xufoefpmG vkyaf qmifvmrIEiS hf qG,w f &m;a[mrI
rsm;u xdkbmomw&m;rsm;\a[majymwifjyyHk vrf;pOfudkyifeif;vQuf
vdu k ef musio hf ;kH ouJoh Ykd jzpfaeayonf/
xdUk aMumifh ud;k uG,rf b I momw&m;onf vlom;rsm; jzpfwnfaejcif;twGuf
cGjJ cm;ír&aumif;aom tpdwt f ydik ;f wpfck jzpfaeayonf/
usr;f jrwfu&k t f mef? tifr&mefrsK;d EG,u f @? usr;f yd'k f (64)wGif atmufyg
twdik ;f ñTejf yxm;onf/

! "# $ " %
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*4 05 6*7 4
8*9
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]](td-k eAD) toifonf(,[l'ED iS hf c&pf,mefwt Ykd m;) ajymMum;ygav?

td k - usrf ; *ef & &S d o l t aygif ; wd k Y ? toif w d k Y o nf tuREf k y f w d k Y E S i f h
toifwdkYMum;ü (tm;vHk;vufcHxm;onfh) wlnDaompum;buf
odkYvmMuukef/ (xdkpum;onfum;) igwdkYonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf
rS w pf y g; tjcm;rnf o nh f t &mud k r Q rcyf 0 yf rud k ; uG , f j cif ; ?
igwdo Yk nfwpfpw kH pfcak omt&mudrk Q xdt k &Sijf rwfEiS w hf b
JG uf,OS b
f uf
[lí rjyKjcif;? igwdkYteuf tcsdKUonf tv’m[ft&SifjrwfudkzJMuOfí
tcsdKUaom olrsm;udk t&Sifocifrsm;[lí rjyKvkyfjcif; (yifwnf;)/
(,if;uJo h Ykd zdwaf c:Ny;D onfah emufaomfryS if) tu,fí xdo k w
l o Ykd nf
aoGznfausmcdkif;oGm;Muygrl(tdk- rGwfpvifrf taygif;wdkY) toifwdkY
u (xdkolwdkYtm;? tcsif;wdkY) uREfkyf wdkYonf (tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\)
trdefYawmfrsm;udk rkcsemcHaom rGwfpvifrfrsm;yifjzpfaMumif;
toif w d k Y u d k , f w d k i f ouf a ocH M uuk e f [ k a jymqd k M uuk e f a vmh } }
(usrf ; jrwf u k & f t mef ? 3;64)
trsd K ;rsd K ;aom ud k ; uG , f r I b momw&m;rsm;ud k avh v m jcif ; jzif h
tvGefrsm;jym;vSaomtawGUtMuHKrsm;udk uREfkyf twGufqkvmbftjzpf
&&Scd yhJ gonf/ þodaYk vhvmcsurf sm;rS ]ud;k uG,jf cif;cHxu kd af wmfral omt&Sio f nf
rdrd&Sdawmfrl aMumif; todynmtcsdKUESifhtwl vlom;wkdY\0dÓmOftm;
zefqif;xm;awmfrlonf} [laomtcsufrSm rSefuefaMumif; tcdkiftrm
od&v dS m&ygonf/ tu,fí vlom;tm; zefqif;&Siw f nf&rdS u I kd r,HMk unfatmif
yHkpHoGif;ay;rxm;oa&GU vlom;\pdwfydkif;qdkif&mzGJUpnf;yHkt&? zefqif;&Sif
wnf&rdS u I kd ,HMk unfvufcaH yrnf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifq h akd omf? ud;k uG,&f mt&Sif
tm;,HMk unf&eftwGuf txl;wvnfaomtajctaersm; rvdt k yfaomfvnf;?
udk;uG,f&mt&Siftm; jiif;qefjcif;twGufrl tajctaersm;zefwD;í yHkpHoGif;
ay;&ef vdt k yfaeayonf/
urÇmt h "dubmomBu;D rsm;tm; trsKd ;tpm;cGjJ cm;jcif;
urÇmht"dubmomBuD;rsm;udk us,fus,fjyefYjyefY trsdK;tpm;cGJjcm;
Munfv h Qif qD;rdu k f (*sL;? tm&yf? zd;k eD;&Se;f ? tqD;&D;,ef;vlrsKd ;rsm;qdik &f m) bmom
w&m;rsm;ESifh qD;rdkufr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;[lí tkyfpkcGJEdkifygonf/
qD;rdu k rf [kwaf ombmomw&m;udk tm&d,efbmomw&m;rsm;ESihf tm&d,mef
r[kwaf ombmomw&m;[lí xyfrcH jJG cm;Edik yf gonf/
qD;rdkufbmomw&m;rsm;
qD;rdkufbmomw&m;rsm;[lonfrSm qD;rdkufvlrsdK;rsm; tMum;wGif
tajcjyKay:xGef;cJhonfh bmomw&m;rsm;udk qdkvdkonf/ or®musrf;t&?
wrefawmfE[ l w
f iG f &Sr;f (rf) [laom om;awmfwpfyg;&S\ d / xdo
k m;awmf&rS ;f (rf)rS
qif;oufvmaom rsKd ;EG,rf sm;udk qD;rdu k [ f ak c:wGiaf Mumif; od&\/ xdaYk Mumifh
qD ; rd k u f b momw&m;rsm;rS m qD ; rd k u f r sd K ;EG , f r sm;jzpf o nf h *sL;? tm&yf ?
tqD;&D;,ef;ESihf zd;k eD;&Se;f paom vlrsKd ;EG,rf sm;tMum;wGif tajcjyKay:xGe;f cJah om
bmom w&m;rsm;jzpfonf/ ,if;wdYk teuf t"dubmomBu;D rsm;rSm *sL;bmom?
c&pf,mefbmomESifh tpövmrfbmomw&m;rsm; jzpfonf/ þbmomw&m;
rsm;tm;vH;k onf xm0& ud;k uG,&f mt&Si\ f vrf;ñTew f &m;rsm;udk xdtk &Si\f
vlom; apwrefrsm;rSwpfqifh vufc&H &So d nf[k ,HMk unfMuaom? wrefawmfrsm;
ESiq
hf ikd af ombmomw&m;rsm; jzpfonf/
qD;rdu
k rf [kwaf om bmomw&m;rsm;
qD;rdu
k rf [kwaf om bmomw&m;rsm;udk tm&d,efEiS hf tm&d,efr[kwaf om
bmomw&m;rsm;[lí xyfrcH jJG cm; Edik yf gonf/
tm&d,efbmomw&m;rsm;
tm&d,efbmom[lonfrmS bDpD (2000) rS (1500)tMum; tD&efEikd if EH iS hf
tdEd´,EdkifiHajrmufydkif;a'orsm;wGif ysHESHYaexdkifMuukefaom tif'dk-Oa&my
bmompum;rsm;udkajymonhf tiftm;BuD;rsdK;EG,frsm;Mum;wGif tpjyKay:
xGe;f cJah om bmomw&m;rsm;jzpfonf/
tm&d,efbmomw&m;rsm;udk a0'ESifha0'r[kwfaom bmomw&m;
rsm;[lí xyfqifhcGJjcm;Edkifygonf/ a0'bmomw&m;ukd [dE´Lt,l0g' (0g)
jA[® P 0g'[k rqD a vQmf p G m trnf a y;jcif ; cH & onf / a0'r[k w f a om
bmomrsm;rSm qpf(cf)0g'? Ak'¨0g'? *sdef;0g' ponfwdkY jzpfonf/ tm;vHk;aom
tm&d,efbmomrsm;rSm wrefawmfrsm;ESihf roufqikd af om bmomrsm; jzpfonf/
Zdk½dktufpx&D,ef0g'rSm (Zoroastrianism)onf tm&d,efbmom
wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ a0'r[kwfaombmom jzpfonf/ [dE´L0g'ESifh vHk;0
qufpyfrIr&Sday/ ,if;bmomudkvnf; wrefawmfrsm;ESifhoufqdkifaom
bmomwpfcjk zpfonf[k tcdik t f rmqdak eMuayonf/
tm&d,efr[kwaf om bmomw&m;rsm;
tm&d,efr[kwaf om bmomw&m;rsm;rSm uGjJ ym;aomtaMumif;t&if;cH
rsm;udk tajcjyKí ay:xGef;vmcJhMuonf/ uGefjzL;&SyfESifh wmtdk0g'rSm
w½kwfjynfwGif ay:xGef;cJhNyD; ]&Sifwdk0g'}rSm *syefjynfwGif ay:aygufvmcJh
ygonf/ rsm;pGmaom tm&d,efr[kwfonfh bmomw&m;rsm;wGif ]xm0&
ud;k uG,&f mt&Si}f [laomtodonm r&Syd g/ ,if; bmomw&m;rsm;udk bmom
[kac:qdkonfxuf vlrIusifh0wfqdkif&m pnf;urf;pepfrsm;[kqdkygu ydkrdk
oifah vsmaf yrnf/
bmomw&m;wdik ;f wGif vufcx H m;aom ]ud;k uG,&f mt&Si}f qdik &f m
tcdik v
f q kH ;kH aom t"dymÜ ,fziG q
hf ckd suf
bmomw&m;wpfcku twnfjyKvufcH ,HkMunfxm;onfh ]udk;uG,f&m
t&Sif} [laomtodonmudk xdkbmom0ifrsm;\ vdu k ef musiohf ;kH rIrsm;tm;
Munf, h jkH zifh tuJjzwfowfrw S fír&Edik af y/ rsm;pGmaombmomw&m;rsm;rSmyif
bmom0ifrsm;u ¤if;wdkY\usrf;*efrsm;wGif azmfjyxm;onfh ]xm0&udk;uG,f
&mt&Sif} [laom todonmtppfudk vspfvsLjyKavh&SdMuonfrSm tawmf
av;wlnDaeaomtcsuf jzpfonf/ odkYjzpfí bmomw&m;toD;oD;u
vufcHxm;aom ]xm0& udk;uG,f&mt&Sif} [laompum;\ todonmudk
oufqikd &f m bmomtoD;oD;\ pmayusr;f *efrsm;rS wpfqifq h ef;ppfavhvmrI
jyKomG ;rSomvQif ydí k oifah vsmaf yrnf/
urÇmht"dubmomBuD;rsm;\ ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif} [laom todonmudk?
oufqdkif&mbmomtoD;oD;\ usrf;*efrsm;wGif azmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif;
qef;ppfMunfo h mG ;Mujcif;jzifh em;vnfatmif avhvmMuygpd/Yk
[dEL´ bmomwGiv f ufcx
H m;aom ]]ud;k uG,&f mt&Si}f }
tm&d,efbmomw&m;rsm;teuf [dE´Lbmomonf txif&Sm;qHk;
bmomjzpfonf/ trSefpifppf ][dE´L} [laom pum;rSm yg&Sef;pum;jzpfNyD;
tdE´Kjrpf0Srf;tvGefwGif tajccsaexdkifMuolrsm;[k t"dyÜm,f&onf/ odkYaomf
[dE´L0g'onf trsdK;rsdK;aom bmoma&;,HkMunfcsufrsm;udk &nfñTef;onfh
jcHKiHktoHk;jyKEdkifaom a0g[m&jzpfaeayonf/ [dE´L0g'[k ac:qdkEdkifaom
t,l0g'trsm;tjym;&Sdonfhteuf a0'? OyedoQ'fESifh b*0g*Dw paom
usr;f rsm;udk tajccHí ,HMk unfMuukeaf om [dEL´ bmomt,ltqrsm;rSm ydí k
xif&mS ;onf/
[dEL´ bmomwGif vufcx H m;aom
]ud;k uG,&f mt&Si}f [laom bHt k odonm
[dE´Lbmomonf a,bk,stm;jzifh wpfyg;ruaom ewfbk&m;rsm;udk
vufcHudk;uG,faom (A[kemx0g')bmom jzpfonf/ rsm;pGmaom [dE´L
bmom0ifrsm;u rdrdwdkYonf trSefwpfu,fyif ewfbk&m;tajrmuftjrm;udk
,HkMunf udk;uG,fMuaMumif; tcdkiftrmajymqdkcsufuyif [dE´L0g'onf
A[k e mx0g'jzpf a Mumif ; ud k ouf a ocH a eayonf / tcsd K Uaom[d E ´ L
bmom0ifrsm;onf bk&m;oHk;ql&Sdonf[k tcdkiftrm ,HkMunfMuaomfvnf;?
tcsd K Uaom [d E ´ L bmom0if r sm;u bk & m;aygif ; oef ; (330) &S d o nf [ k
,HkMunfMuonf/ odkYaomf [dE´Lbmoma&;qdkif&m pmayusrf;*efrsm;wwf
ajrmufukefolwdkYurl? [dE´Lbmom0ifwpfOD;taeESifh wpfqlwnf;aom
udk;uG,f&mt&Sif (0g) wpfqlwnf;aom bk&m;&Sifudkom ,HkMunfoifhaMumif;
tcdik t f rm ajymqdck MhJ uayonf/
[dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;ESifh tpövmrfbmom0if rGwfpvifrfrsm;tMum;
]ud;k uG,&f mt&Si}f ESiyhf wfoufí t"duuGjJ ym;jcm;em;aom t,ltqrSm? [dEL´
bmom0ifrsm;onf obm0avmuwGif &Sd&SdorQt&mcyfodrf;udk udk;uG,f&m
t&Siftjzpf udk;uG,fjcif;yifjzpfonf/þt,l0g't& obm0avmuwGif
&S&d o
dS rQaomouf&?dS oufrt hJ &mcyford ;f udk jrifjh rwfonf? ud;k uG,&f mt&Si\ f
"mwfued ;f 0yfaeonfh ud;k uG,&f mrsm;[k ,HMk unfaeMuonf/ xdaYk Mumifyh if [dEL´
bmom0ifrsm;onf opfyif? ae? v? wd&pämefrsm;ESihf vlom;rsm;onf ud;k uG,&f m
t&Sifuudk,fxifjyaomt&mrsm;qdkNyD; ,HkMunfxm;Muonf/ xdkYaMumifh
[dEL´ bmom0ifrsm;twGuf t&m&monf ]ud;k uG,&f mt&Si}f jzpfaeayonf/
txufygt,ltqESifh qefYusifaomoabmudk tpövmrfbmom
wGiaf wGU&onf/ tpövmrfu vlom;rsm;tm; ¤if;wdu Yk ,kd wf ikd Ef iS yhf wf0ef;usi&f dS
ouf&o dS ufrt hJ &m tm;vH;k udk ud;k uG,&f mt&Si\f ud, k x f ifjycsu[ f k r,HMk unf
apbJ? udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ tzefqif;cHrsm;tjzpfom qifjcif,HkMunfMu&ef
wdkufwGef;xm;ayonf/ xdkYaMumifh rGwfpvifrfrsm;u t&m&mwdkif;udk
udk;uG,f&mt&Sifu ydkifqdkifonf[k ,HkMunfMuonf/ (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\
[kqkdvdkygonf)/ wpfenf;tm;jzifhqdkaomf rGwfpvifrfrsm;taeESifh t&m
cyfodrf;rSm udk;uG,f&mt&Sif ydkifqdkifonfomjzpfonf[k ,HkMunfMuonf/
opfyifyef;yifrsm;? ae? v? eu©wfwm&mrsm;ESifh þpMu0VmtwGif;&Sd ouf&Sd
oufrt hJ &mcyford ;f onf ud;k uG,&f mt&Si\ f ydik q f ikd &f mt&mrsm;omjzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifh rGwfpvifrfESifh [dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;\ ,HkMunfcsufrsm;tMum;
t"duuGJjym;jcm;em;csufrSm ]\} [laom pum;vHk;av;om jzpfonf/
[dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;u t&mcyfodrf;udk udk;uG,f&mbk&m;[kqdkMuonf/
rGwfpvifrfrsm;url t&mcyfodrf;onf udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ ydkifqdkif&mrsm;[k
qdkonf/ xdkYaMumifh ]udk;uG,f&mt&SifESifh} ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\} [laom
t,ltqomvQif jcm;em;aeygonf/ xdaYk Mumifh usr;f jrwfu&k t f mefwiG f ]toif
wdkYonf toifwdkYESifh uREfkyftMum;ü (tm;vHk;vufcHxm;onfh) wlnD
aompum;bufodkYvmMuukef/ (xdkpum;onfum;) igwdkYonf tv’m[f
t&SifjrwfrSwpfyg; tjcm;udk;uG,f&mrsm;udk ,HkMunf udk;uG,fjcif;rjyKyg}[k
azmfjyxm;jcif;jzpfonf/
odkYjzpfí? [dE´LESifhtpövmrfbmomqdkif&m usrf;*efrsm;udk cGJjcrf;
pdwfjzmqef;ppfavhvmjcif;tm;jzifh? xdkbmomBuD; ESpfck\ bHkwlnDcsufrsm;udk
&SmazGqef;ppfavhvmMunfMh uygpd/Yk
b*0g*Dw
[dE´Lbmoma&;qdkif&m pmayusrf;*ef trsm;tjym;teuf ]b*0g*Dw}
[laomusrf;rSm txif&Sm;qHk;jzpfonf/ tqdkygusrf;vm atmufygpmydk'fudk
avhvmqef;ppfomG ;ygrnf/
]]todÓPfukd ½ky0f w¦Kwyfrufrq I E´rsm;jzifh cd;k ,l (vTr;f rd;k ) jcif;cH& olwo
Ydk nf bk&m;ryD&mrsm;okYd
rdrdwkdYudk,f rdrdwkdY tyfESif;avh&SdMuNyD; ¤if;wdkY obm0tavsmuf udk;uG,f qnf;uyf&m
oD;jcm;pnf;rsOf;Oya' orsm;udk vdkufemavh &SdMuonf/}} (b*0g*Dw 7;20)
þusr;f yd'k (f *Dw)onf ½ky0f g'Drsm;udk &nfñeT ;f Ny;D ¤if;wdoYk nf ud;k uG,&f m
t&Sif tppftrSefr[kwfaom bk&m;rrnf&mrsm;udk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfjcif;
omjzpfaMumif; qdkvdkygonf/
OyedoQ'f
OyedoQ'u f sr;f rsm;onfvnf; [dEL´ bmomqdik &f m jrifjh rwfaomusr;f rsm;[k
rSw,
f jl cif;cH&aomusr;f *efrsm; jzpfonf/ OyedoQ'u f sr;f rsm;rSatmufazmfjyyg
usr;f yd'k rf sm;udk avhvmMunfMh uygpd/Yk
(1) ]xdkt&Sifonf 'kwd,ajrmufr&Sdaomwpfqlwnf;aomt&Sifjzpfonf/
[Chandogya Upanishad 6:2:1]
(2) OyedoQ'u f sr;f rS atmufazmfjyyg usr;f yd'k rf sm;udk oH;k oyf qifjcifyg/
]t&Sirhf mS rdbvnf; r&S/d t&Sio
f cifvnf;r&S/d } [Svetasavatara Upanishad 6:9]
(3) OyedoQ'u f sr;f rS atmufazmfjyyg usr;f yd'k rf sm;udk oH;k oyf qifjcifyg/
]]t&SiEf iS w hf al omt&mr&S/d }} [Svetasavatara Upanishad 4:19]
]]t&SiEf iS w
hf al omt&mr&S/d t&Si\ f trnfrmS teEÅbek ;f awmf&iS jf zpfonf/}}
[The Principal Upanishad ----]
txufazmfjyyg usr;f pmyd'k rf sm;udk usr;f jrwfu&k t
f mef\ atmufazmfjyyg
usr;f pmyd'k rf sm;ESihf EIid ;f ,SOaf vhvmyg/

xk d t &S i f j rwf E S i f h wl a omt&m[l í um; rnf o nf h w pf p H k
wpf&mrQyifr&SdNyD/ (uk&ftmef? 42;11)

xdkt&Sifjrwfü *kPf&nfwlol[lívnf; wpfOD;wpfa,muf
rQyif r &S d N yD / (uk&ftmef 112;4)
(4) vlom;taeESifh udk;uG,f&mt&Sifudk wdusaomyHkyef; oP²mefwpfckESifh

awG;jrifreS ;f qEdik pf rG ;f r&Sad Mumif;udk OyedoQ'f usr;f rSatmufazmfjyygpmyd'k rf sm;t&
od&EdS ikd af yonf/
]xdkt&Sif\ yHkyef;o@mefudk jrifEdkifpGrf;r&Sdyg/ xdkt&Sifudk rnfolrQrsufvHk;rsm;jzifh
jrifbl;jcif; r&Sdyg/ pdwfESvHk;rsm;ESifh cHpm;em;vnfEdkifpGrf;&Sdaomolrsm;onfom olUudk
odjrifEikd Nf yD;? xdu
k o
hJ Ykd aom vlom;\ESv;kH om;rsm;wGifom udef;0yf pHy,fawmfrlaom
tpOfxm0& wnf&Sdawmf rlaomt&Sifjzpfonf/}
[Svetasavatara Upanishad 4:20]
þtcsufESifh ywfoufí usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGifvnf; atmufyg
tm,offawmfu ñTefjyxm;ayonf/

!

]]tjriftm½Hkrsm;onf xdkt&Sifjrwftm; (pdwfiHk) rdEdkifonf
r[kwfay/ odkY&mwGif xdkt&SifjrwfrSmum; tjriftm½Hkrsm;udk
(pdwfiHk)iHkrdvsuf &Sdawmfrlacsonf/ pifppfaomfum; xdk
t&Sifjrwfonf tvGefeufeJ odrfarGYwmfrlaomt&Sifjrwf
t&mcyfodrf;udk vTrf;NcHKodawmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfawmfrl
ayonf/}} (uk&ftmef 6;103)
a0'usr;f rsm;
a0'usrf;rsm;onf [dE´Lusrf;*efrsm;teuf tjrifhjrwfqHk;usrf;rsm;[k
owfrSwfjcif;cH&aomusrf;rsm; jzpfonf/ a0'av;rsdK;&Sdonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm
,m*sK;a0'? &pf*af 0'? &Sraf 0' ESihf tom&fa0'usr;f rsm;jzpfonf/
1/ ,m*sL;a0' (,*ka0')
(1) ,m*sL;a0'usrf;rsm;rS atmufazmfjyygpmydk'fudk pOf;pm; oHk;oyf qifjcif
Munfhyg/
]xdt
k &Sirf mS yko
H @mefr&Syd g/} [Yajurveda 32:3]
,if;usr;f wGif qufvufazmfjyonfrmS -
]olonfrnfol\ arG;zGm;jcif;rQrcH&yg/ olomvQif uREfkyfwdkY\udk;uG,fjcif;udk
cH,x l u
kd yf gonf/}
]]t&Si\ f wefc;kd awmfrmS teEjåzpfNyD;t&Sirhf mS yHyk ef; o@mef(½kyo
f iG )f r&Syd g/ t&Sio
f nf
NyD;jynfhpHkawmfrlí aeuJhodkYaom xGef;vif;awmufyonfh t&mtm;vHk; udkvnf;
xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufawmfrl\/ xdkt&Sifonf uREfkyftm; ab;Oy'fa&mufaprnf
r[kwfyg/ þonfrSm uREfkyf\ &Sdcdk;ylaZmfrIjzpfonf/ t&Sifonf arG;zGm;jcif;udk
rcH&aomaMumifh t&SifomvQifuREfkyfwdkY\ udk;uG,fjcif; udk cH,lxdkufawmfrlyg\/}}
[The Yajur veda by Devi Chand M.A-pg.377]
(2) ]t&SifhrSm cE¨mr&Sdyg/ t&SifonfoefY&Sif;pifMu,f ygonf/}
[Yajur veda 40:8]
]xd k t &S i f o nf vif ; 0if ; awmuf y rI & S d j cif ; ? cE¨ m r&S d ? tjypf t emtqmr&S d ?
tukodkvftnpftaMu;r&Sd? tvGefw&m oefY&Sif;pifMu,fawmfrlaom t&SifjzpfNyD;
t&Sifhudk rnfonfh raumif;aom tiftm;pk (raumif; qdk;0g;)urQ xdk;azmuf
zsufqD;EdkifpGrf;r&Sdyg/ tjrifus,f aom? ÓPftajrmftjrifESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlaom?
vTr;f jcHKEdik af om? rdrb
d mom&yfwnfEikd af om? t&Sio f nf xm0&ESpu f mvrsm;twGuf
avsmfuefaom awmif;qkd csufrsm;twkdif;&nf&G,fcsufrsm;jyXmef;awmfrl\/}
[Yajur veda 40:8] [Yajur veda samhita by Ralph I.H. Griffith pg-
538]
(3) ,m*sL;a0'usr;f awmfwiG f atmufygwdu Yk v
kd nf; azmfjyxm;ayonf/
]obm0w&m;wGif&Sdaom t&m0w¬Krsm; Oyrm-av? a&? rD; ponfwdkYudk
udk;uG,fqnf;uyfMu olwdkYonf tarSmifxktwGif;odkY 0ifMuavonf/ qrÁKwdudk
ukd;uG,fqnf;uyfMuolrsm;onf tarSmifxk twGif; euf½dIif;pGm epfrGef;Muavonf/
qrÁKwd [lonfrSm tzefqif;cHt&mrsm; (Oyrm-pm;yGJ? xdkifcHk? ½kyfxkrsm; ponf)udk
qdv
k okd nf/} [Yajur veda 40: 9]
(4) bk&m;&Scd ;kd onfth cg &Gwq f o kd nfah wmif;qkawmf wpfck wiG v f nf;f
]]uREfkyfwdkYtm; rSefuefaomvrf;aMumif;odkY vrf;ñTefawmfrlyg/ xdkvrf;rSefrS
cRwfacsmfwdrf;yg;aprnfh tjypfudkvnf; y,f&Sm;ay;awmfrlyg/}}
[Yajur veda chapter 40: 16]
2/ to&fAa0'
to&fAa0'usr;f rS atmufygpmyd'k u f kd avhvmyg/
(1) ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf trSefyif BuD;us,fygonf/} [Atharva veda 20 58:3]
{uefpifppf? ol&, d (aerif;)? t&Sio f nf jrifjh rwfvyS g\/ tm'd, (vrif;)
{ueftrSef BuD;us,fjrifhjrwfvSyg\/ t&Sif\BuD;us,frIudk tm;usav;pm;
ygonf/
]tdk-t&Sif/t&Sifonfum; trSefwu,fBuD;us,f jrifhjrwfawmfrlygonf/}
(Atharvaveda Samhiti Vol.2 William Dmight Whitney pg.910)
txufygusrf;pmydk'fESifh tvm;wlazmfjycsufudk usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef
pl&m[f&tf'fwGif atmufygtwdkif; azmfjy xm;avonf/

] xd k t &S i f j rwf o nf (owå 0 gtaygif ; ) rjrif E d k i f a omt&mrsm;

udkvnf;aumif;? jrifEdkifaomt&mrsm;udk vnf;aumif;?(wpfenf;)
vQd K U0S u f a eaomt&mrsm;ud k v nf ; aumif ; ? xif & S m ;íaeaom
t&mrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? odawmfrlaomt&Sif? (tvHk;pHkwdkYxuf)
BuD;uJawmfrlaomt&Sif? jrifhjrwfawmfrlaomt&Sif? jzpfawmfrlay
ownf;//}} (uk&ftmef 13;9)
3/ &pf*af 0'
(1) a0'usr;f rsm;teuf a&S;tusq;kH usr;f rSm &pf*af 0'usr;f jzpfonf/ xdjYk yif
[dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;twGuf tjrifhjrwfqHk;usrf;rsm;[kvnf; ,HkMunfvufcH
xm;Muonf/ &pf*af 0'usr;f rsm;t&
]]ynm&S d (y@d w )rsm;onf ud k ; uG , f & mt&S i f w pf q l t m; trnf r sm;pG m ES i f h
ac:a0:Muonf/}} [Rig veda 1:164:46)]
&pf*fa0'usrf;rsm;wGif udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ *kPf&nfawmfrsm;udk (33)rsdK;
xufrenf; azmfjyxm;onfhteuf &pf*fa0'usrf; twGJ (2)? tydk'f(3)wGif
azmfjyxm;onfh *kPf&nfawmfwpfckrSm ]jAm[®} jzpfonf/ ]jAm[®}\ t"dyÜm,f
rSm ]zefqif;&Si}f jzpfonf/ þa0g[m&udk tm&ADbmomodYk jyefqykd gu ]cgvpfu}f [k
t"dymÜ ,f&ygonf/ teEÅbek ;f wefc;kd ESihf jynfph akH wmfral om ud;k uG,&f mt&Siu f kd
]cgvpf(uf)} (odkY) ]]zefqif;&Sif} (odkY) ]jAm[®} rnfodkYyif&nfñTef;ac:a0: orkwf
ygap/ rGwpf vifrrf sm;twGuf uefu Y uG pf &mtaMumif;t&if; wpfpw kH pf&mr&Syd g/
odkYaomf rGwfpvifrfrsm;twGuf acgif;av;vHk;&Sdonfh jAm[®BuD;udk bke;fawmf
Bu;D jrwfaom? teEÅ wefc;kd &Si?f ud;k uG,&f mt&Si[ f íl um; wdwu d susvufrcHEikd f
yg/ þtcsuEf iS yhf wfoufí rGwpf vifrrf sm;\ ,HMk unfrw I iG f >cif;csu&f adS yonf/
]]t&Si\f wefc;kd awmfrmS teEjåzpfNyD;t&Sirhf mS yHyk ef; o@mef(½kyo
f iG )f r&Syd g/ t&Sio
f nf
NyD;jynfhpHkawmfrlí aeuJhodkYaom xGef;vif;awmufyonfh t&mtm;vHk; udkvnf;
xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufawmfrl\/ xdkt&Sifonf uREfkyftm; ab;Oy'fa&mufaprnf
r[kwfyg/ þonfrSm uREfkyf\ &Sdcdk;ylaZmfrIjzpfonf/ t&Sifonf arG;zGm;jcif;udk
rcH&aomaMumifh t&SifomvQifuREfkyfwdkY\ udk;uG,fjcif; udk cH,lxdkufawmfrlyg\/
[The Yajur veda by Devi Chand M.A-pg.377]
(2) ]t&SifhrSm cE¨mr&Sdyg/ t&SifonfoefY&Sif;pifMu,f ygonf/}
[Yajur veda 40:8]
]xd k t &S i f o nf vif ; 0if ; awmuf y rI & S d j cif ; ? cE¨ m r&S d ? tjypf t emtqmr&S d ?
tukodkvftnpftaMu;r&Sd? tvGefw&m oefY&Sif;pifMu,fawmfrlaom t&SifjzpfNyD;
t&Sifhudk rnfonfh raumif;aom tiftm;pk (raumif; qdk;0g;)urQ xdk;azmuf
zsufqD;EdkifpGrf;r&Sdyg/ tjrifus,f aom? ÓPftajrmftjrifESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlaom?
vTr;f jcHKEdik af om? rdrb
d mom&yfwnfEikd af om? t&Sio
f nf xm0&ESpu
f mvrsm;twGuf
avsmfuefaom awmif;qkd csufrsm;twkdif;&nf&G,fcsufrsm;jyXmef;awmfrl\/}
[Yajur veda 40:8] [Yajur veda samhita by Ralph I.H. Griffith pg-
538]
teEÅwefcdk;awmf&Sif udk;uG,f&mt&Siftm; ewfbk&m;rsm;\ trnfrsm;
wyfí ac:a0:orkwjf cif;onf ,m*sL;a0'usr;f \ atmufazmfjyyg usr;f pmyd'k f
rsm;ESihf qefu Y siaf Mumif;udk od&EdS ikd o f nf/
]]t&SifESifhwkEIdif;zG,f&m yHko@mef[lí wpfpHkwpf&mrQr&Sdyg/}} [Yajurved 32 : 3]
&pf*fa0'usrf;twGJ (2)? tcef; (1)? tydk'f(3)wGif azmfjyxm;aom
udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ vSyaom*kPf&nfawmfwpfckrSm ]AdóEdk;} jzpfonf/
]AdóEdk;} [laom pum;vHk;\t"dyÜm,frSm ]xdef;odrf;awmfrlaomt&Sif}[k
t"d y Ü m ,f & ygonf / þa0g[m&ud k t m&AD b momjzif h ]&Af } (ok d Y r [k w f )
]tqifhqifhjyKpk ysdK;axmif?xdef;odrf;?apmifha&Smufawmfrlaomt&Sif}[k teuf
&onf/rGwfpvifrfrsm;twGuf ]udk;uG,f&mt&Siftm; ]&Af}(okdY) ]xdef;odrf;
apmifha&Smufol}(okdY) ]AdóEdk;} rnfodkYyif &nfñTef; ac:a0:rIukdrqdk uefYuGuf
&efr&Syd g/ odaYk omf [dEL´ bmom0ifrsm;tMum; ]AdóEd;k }\ txif&mS ;qH;k yHak wmfrmS
vufav;buf&adS om? nmbufvufwpfzufwiG f pBumF udu k ikd af qmifxm;aom?
b,fbufvufwpfzufwGif c½koif;udk udkifaqmifxm;aom?iSufudk pD;eif;
xm;aom(okrYd [kw)f ovGeu f o
hJ Ykd jzpfaeaom a>rBu;D ay:wGiv f aJ vsmif;aeaom
yHkawmfjzpfonf/ ]rG rGwfpvifrfrsm;taeESifh udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ rnfonhf
yHkyef;oP²mefudkrQvufrcHEdkifyg/g/} þodkY[dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;u? udk;uG,f&m
t&Siftm;yHkyef;oP²mefrsm; ykHazmfí udk;uG,fqnf;uyfaejcif;rSm ,m*sL;
a0'usr;f ?tyd'k f (40;9)udk qefu Y siaf eayonf/
(3) &pf*af 0'usr;f \ atmufazmfjyygusr;f yd'k rf sm;udk qifjcif oH;k oyf Munfyh g/
]]tdk-cspfrdwfaqGwdkY? xm0&wnf&Sdaom udk;uG,f&mt&SifrSvGJí rnfol wpfOD;
wpfa,mufudkrQ toifrudk;uG,fygESifh}}
[Rig veda Book 8:1:1, Rig veda Samhiti Vol ix, pg 1 and 2 by Swami Satyaprakash
Sarasvati and Satyakam Vidhya Lankar.]
(4) ]]ynmÓPfESifhjynfhpHkaom a,m*Drsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\ pdwftm½Hk rsm;udkpkpnf;í
trSef wu,fBuD;us,f jrifjh rwf awmfral om ae&mwum ü&Sad omteEÅbek ;f awmf&iS ?f
teEÅÓPfawmf&Sif? udk;uG,f&mt&Sifüom tm½Hkappm;xm;ayonf/ xdkt&Sif
onfomvQif a,m*Drsm;\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm;udk odjrifawmfrlNyD;? ¤if;wdkY\
tm½HkcHrsm;udk oufqdkif&m vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm; wduspGm aqmif&GufEdkifap&ef
aeom;wusjzpfapawmfrl\/ {ueftrSefyif zefqif;&Sif (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onf
bkef;awmfteEÅESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlNyD; BuD;us,f jrifhjrwfawmfrlyg\/}}
[Rig veda 5:81], [Rig veda Samhiti Volume 6 page 1802 and 1803 by Swami
Satya Prakash Saraswati and Satya Ram Vidhya Lamka.]
[dEL´ a0'EåEiS jhf Am[®ow

k &
[dEL´ a0'Eå\jAm[®ow k &[lonfrmS ]ud;k uG,&f mt&Sif (bk&m;)wpfqw l nf;
om&S\ d / 'kw, d ajrmuf ud;k uG,&f m[lí r&S/d vH;k 0OóHrk &S?d vH;k 0r&S/d tenf;i,f
pd;k pOf;rQyifr&S/d }
xdkYaMumifh tpGJtvrf;rxm;bJ avhvmpl;prf;oGm;ygrSomvQif [dE´L
bmomu vufc, H MkH unfxm;aom ]uk;d uG,&f m t&Si}f [laom todonmudk
aumif;pGmem;vnfEikd yf gonf/
qpf(pf)bmomwGif vufcHxm;onfh
]ud;k uG,&f mt&Si}f [laom todonm
qpf(cf)bmomonf qD;rdkufvnf;r[kwf? tm&d,efESifhvnf;rqdkif?
a0'ESifhvnf;rywfoufaombmomwpfck jzpfonf/ qpf(cf)bmomonf
urÇ m h t "d u bmomBuD ; rsm;wG i f ryg0if a omf v nf ; [d E ´ L t,l 0 g'\
tudik ;f tcuftjzpf ay:xGe;f vmcJah om t,l0g'wpf&yfjzpfonf/ þbmomudk
(15)&mpkESpftqHk;ydkif;cefYwGif *k½kemewf(cf)[laom yk*¾dKvfrpS wif wnfaxmif
cJo h nf/ þbmomonf ygupöwefEikd if EH iS fh tdE´d,EdkifiH?ajrmufbufa'o&Sd
yef*sAaf 'oBu;D (jrpfBu;D ig;oG,)f wGif pwifay:aygufcyhJ gonf/ *k½ek mewf(cf)
onf cwdå,rsdK;EG,f rdom;pkrSaygufyGm;vmaomfvnf; tpövmrfbmom
ESirhf wG pf vifrw f u Ykd ¤if;tm;tBu;D tus,v f rT ;f rd;k ae ayonf/
qpf(cf)ESihf qpf(cf)0g'\teuft"dymÜ ,f
qpf(cf)[laoma0g[m&rSm ]ppf(p),}[laom pum;rS qif;oufvmNyD;
wynfah wmf (od)Yk ]aemufvu kd }f [k t"dymÜ ,f&onf/ qpf(cf) bmomonf *k½Bk u;D
(10)yg;\ bmomw&m;jzpfNyD;? yxrqHk;*k½kBuD;rSm *k½kemewf(cf)jzpfonf/
'órajrmuf *k½kBuD;\trnfrSm ]*dkbifqif;*f} jzpfonf/ qpf(cf) bmom\
jrifjh rwfaomusr;f *efrmS "Sri Guru Granth" jzpfNy;D 'Adi Granth Sahib' usr;f [kvnf;
ac:onf/
au-5rsKd ;
qpf(cf)bmom0ifwdkif; atmufazmfjyygtcsuf(5)csufudk? ¤if;wdkY\
qpf(cf)bmom0ifjzpfaMumif; oufaocHtjzpf aqmif&u G &f ef vdt
k yfayonf/
(1) qHyift&Snfxm;jcif; (tm;vHk;aom*k½kBuD;rsm;onf qH&Snfxm;cJhMu
onf/)
(2) qHyif&n S uf kd &Si;f vif;Nz;D oif&ef ]bD;} aqmifxm;&rnf/
(3) tm;tifawmifw h if;&efEiS hf rdru
d ,
kd u
f xkd ed ;f odr;f &ef owåK (odkY) oHrPd
vufaumuf aqmifxm;&rnf/
(4) rdru d ,kd uf ukd muG,&f ef "g;aumufaqmifxm;&rnf/
(5) vQifjrefpGmESifhvG,fulpGma&GUvsm;Edkif&ef txl;csKyfxm;onfh 'l;qpftxd
&Snv f sm;aom atmufcaH bmif;bD0wfxm;&rnf/
Mul-Mantra; ac: qpf (cf) bmom\

tajccH,MkH unfcsuf
qpf(cf)0g'udk vduk ef maqmif&u G Mf uaom qpf(cf)0g'Drsm;u ]ud;k uG,&f m
t&Si}f ESiyhf wfoufí ay;Edik Mf uaom taumif;qH;k tajzrSm ]Mul Mantra} jzpfonf/
þonfrmS qpf(cf)0g'\ tajccH,MkH unfcsujf zpfNy;D *k½Bk u;D *&ef(Y of) qGm[pf(Af)
vufxuftapmydik ;f umvwGif ay:xGe;f acJo h nf/ þ,HMk unfcsuu f kd Sri Guru
Granth Sahib twG(J 1)? Japuji? yxryd'
k w
f iG f atmufygtwdik ;f azmfjyxm;onf/
]]ukd;uG,f&mt&Sif}bk&m;onf wpfqlwnf;&Sdonf/ t&Sifonf zefqif;&Sif tppftrSefjzpf
onf/ t&Sifonf aMumuf½GHYjcif;?rkef;wD;jcif;rS uif;a0;onhf xm0&touf&Sifawmfrlaom?
rarG;zGm;aom? rdrdbmomwnf&SdEdkifaom? BuD;us,fjrifhjrwfawmfrlaom r[mu½kPm&Sif
jzpfonf/}}
qpf(cf)0g't&? qpf(cf)bmom0ifrsm;onf pnf;rsOf;wif;usyfaom
]wpfqw l nf;aom ud;k uG,&f mt&Siu f kd ud;k uG,af om0g'}udk vdu
k ef mMu&onf/
¤if;wdkYonf ]ek omkara}ac:aom? wpfyg;wnf;wnf&Sdawmfrlaom tBuD;
tus,q f ;Hk tjrifjh rwfq;kH aombk&m;&Siu f kd ouf0if,MkH unfMuonf/
&Si;f vif;aomyHpk jH zifh ac:a0:wçoaombk&m;\trnfrmS Omkara jzpfNy;D ?
¤if;\*kPaf wmfrsm;rSm-
- zefqif;&Sif
- bk&m;&Sif? bk&m;ocif
- xm0&wnf&Sdaomt&Sif
- jrifjh rwfoefpY ifaom trnfemrawmfrsm;ydik &f iS f
- cspcf if jrwfE;kd awmfral omt&Si(f xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smufawmfral omt&Si)f
- r[mu½kPm&Sif
- apmifrMunf½h aI wmfral omapwem&Sif
- 0[D*½k k (ac:) ppfreS af om wpfqw l nf;wnfawmfral om bk&m;&Sif
qpf(cf)0g'onf tvGew f if;usyaf om ]wpfqw l nf;aombk&m;} ud, k MkH unf
onfh0g'jzpfonfhtjyif ]t0w&} ac: vl0ifpm;jcif;[laomt,ltqudk
r,HkMunfMuay/ teEÅ bkef;awmf&Sifbk&m;taeESifh ]t0w&}[kac:aom
vl0ifpm; bk&m;tjzpf rdrdudk,fudkb0ajymif; 0ifpm;jcif;rjyK[k ,HkMunfonf/
qpf(cf)0g'onf ½kyw f q
k nf;uyfu;kd uG,jf cif;udk jyif;jyif;xefxef qefu Y siof nf/
*k½kemewf(cf)onf ubD;&f\vTrf;rdk;rIcH&jcif;
*k½ek mewf(cf)\ tawG;tac:rsm;wGif olawmfpifubD;(&f)\ t,ltq
ajymMum;csufrsm;u MoZmoufa&mufaeonf/ þtaMumif;udk t&Sif&S&D
*k½ek mewf(cf)\ usr;f vmu@tawmfrsm;rsm;rSmyif ubD;&f\uAsmrsm; (tqH;k
um&efwl vHk;a&nDESpfaMumif;uAsmrsdK;rsm;) yg0ifaecsufu oufaocHae
ayonf/
]]vlom;wdkif;onf 'ku©ESifh&ifqdkif&aomtcg bk&m;ocifudkowd&
wwfMuNy;D ? Nird ;f csr;f om,maysm&f iT af ecdu k 0f ,f bk&m;&Siu f kd arhavsmw
h wfMu\/
wpfpw kH pfO;D taeESihf Nird ;f csr;f om,maysm&f iT af ecdu
k rf mS yg bk&m;&Sit f m;owd&
wrf;wrysufcJhygvQif xdkolYtay:wGif rnfodkYaomab;'ku©rQ qdkufa&muf
vmrnf r[kwaf cs/}}
txufpmyd'k yf guAsm\ qdv k &kd if;udk atmufazmfjyyg usr;f jrwfu&k t f mef\
tm,ofawmfEiS hf EdiI ;f ,SOq f ifjcif oH;k oyfyg/

! "#$
% & '( ) *
+ ,-.
/ ! 0 1 ,2 - 3 * - 4 + 0 5 % 6 7 &
8
9:
1 + ;
224 < # =( > ? @
A -( 4 2 B
]]pifppfaomfum; (rk&Sf&pfuf)vlom;ü ab; tEå&m,f wpfpHkwpf&m

qdkufa&mufcJhaomtcg xdkvlom;rSm ¤if;tm; zefqif;arG;jrL
awmfrlaom t&SifjrwfbufodkY pdwfa&mudk,fygvSnfhí xdkt&Sif
jrwftm; [pfatmf (wo)av\/ xdkYaemuf ¤if;tm;xdkt&Sifjrwf
onf rdrdtxHawmfrS aus;Zl;awmf wpfpHkwpf&mudk csD;jr§ifhawmfrl
aomtcg ¤if;rSm,cifu xdkt&Sifjrwftm; rdrd [pfatmf (wo)
vQuf&SdcJhonfudk arhavsmhoGm;\/ xdkrSwpfyg; ¤if;onf (ol
wpfyg;wdkYtm;) xdk t&Sifjrwf\ vrf;awmfrS vGJacsmfwdrf;yg;ap&ef
xdkt&Sifjrwfü *kPf&nfwlrsm;udk jyKvkyfowfrSwfav\/
(td k - eAD w ref a wmf ) toif o nf (xd k v l o m;tm; þok d Y )
ajymMum;ygav/ ]]toifonf rdrd\ aoGznfrIjzifh (aeY&uf)
tenf;i,frQtusdK; aus;Zl;cHpm;avmh/ {uefrvGJtoifonf
i&Jom; wdkYwGif tygt0if jzpfonf/ }} (uk&ftmef 39;8)
Zd½k t
kd ufpx&d,ef0g'wGif vufc, H MkH unfxm;aom
Zdk½dktufpx&d,ef(ac:) Zdk½dktufpx&m0g'onf vGefcJhaom ESpfaygif;
(2500)ausmfcefYu yg&Sm;EdkifiH (,ck-tD&efEdkifiH) tm&d,efa'owGif tpjyK
ay:xGe;f cJah vonf/ tjcm;urÇmh txifu& bmomw&m;rsm;ESihf EdiI ;f ,SOv f Qif
ouf0if,HkMunfol ta&twGufenf;yg;aomfvnf;? þbmomw&m;onf
urÇmha&S;tusqHk; bmomw&m;wpfck jzpfonf/ vuf&Sd tajctaewGif
þbmom0ifta&twGufrSm(130000) ausmfcefYom&Sdonf/ tD&efvlrsdK;
Zd½k t
kd ufpwmonf txufazmfjyyg Zd½k t kd ufpxd&efbmomw&m;udk xlaxmif
oljzpfNyD; ]ygpD0g'} [lívnf; ac:a0:Muonf/ ygpDbmom0ifrsm;\
xif&mS ;aomusr;f *efrsm;rSm 'gpmwD,mESihf tAufpw f mwdjYk zpfonf/
Zdk½dktuf(pf)x&d,efbmomwGif ]xm0&bk&m;ocif} udk ]t[l&m;rmZ'g}
[kac:wGifonf/ t[l&m;qdkonfrSm ]t&Sif}? ]ocif} [k t"dyÜg,f&NyD;
]rmZ'g}[lonf ]ynm ÓPfESifhjynfhpHkaom} [kt"dyÜm,f&ygonf/ xdkYaMumifh
]t[l&m;rmZ'g}qdkonf ]ÓPfawmf&Sifbk&m;} (0g) ]ynmÓPf&Sdaom t&Sif
ocif}[k t"dyÜm,f&onf/ odkYjzpfay&m wpfqlwnf;aombk&m;udk udk;uG,f
qnf;uyfMuolrsm;\ ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}onf t[l&m;rmZ'gyif jzpfonf[k
,lqEdik \ f /
'gpmwD,musr;f t& ]ud;k uG,&f mt&Si}f \ *kPaf wmfrsm;(t&nftaoG;rsm;)
'gpmwD,musrf;t&? t[l&m;rmZ'gbk&m;wGif atmufazmfjyyg t&nf
taoG;rsm;ESihf jynfph akH yonf/
(1) t&Sio f nf wpfyg;wnf;wnf&adS wmfr\ l /
(2) t&SiEf iS q hf ifwal omt&m[lí wpfpw kH pf&mrQr&S/d
(3) t&Sirhf mS tpvnf;r&S?d tqH;k vnf;r&S/d
(4) t&Sirhf mS tazvnf;r&S?d tarvnf;r&S?d ZeD;Muif,mvnf;r&S?d om;orD;
vnf;r&S/d
(5) t&Sirhf mS cE¨mvnf;r&S?d ykyH ef;oP²mefvnf;r&S/d
(6) rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,muf\ ½kyfrsufvHk;rQ olYudk rjrifEdkif? rnfonfh
pdwu f ;l tm½Hrk Qt&Siu hf kd MupH nfpwd u
f ;l awG;awmMunfí h r&Edik yf g/
(7) toifMuHpnfpdwful;orQ t&mtm;vHk;xufom vGef\/
(8) t&Sio f nfoifu, kd w
f ikd x f ufyí
kd eD;uyfaomae&mwGif toifEiS ehf ;D uyfpmG
&Sad eawmfr\ l /
tAufpwmusr;f wGif azmfjyxm;aom ]ud;k uG,&f mt&Si}f \*kP&f nfawmf
rsm;rSm atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf/
(1) zefqif;&Sif (Yasna 31:7&11,44:7, 50:11, 51:7)
(2) tiftm;t&Sq d ;kH aomt&Sif (0g) tBu;D us,q f ;kH t&Sif (Yasna 33:11, 45:6)
(3) aus;Zl;jyKawmfral omt&Sif "Hudai" [Yasna 33:11, 48:3]
(4) &ufa&mjynfhpHkawmfrlaomt&Sif- "Spenta" [Yasna 43:4,5,7,9,11,13,15]
(Yasna 44:2, 45:5, 46:9, 48:3)
*sL;bmom(,k'0g')wGif vufcx H m;onfh

,k'0g' (0g) *sL;bmomonf qD;rdkufbmomw&m;rsm;teuf? t"du
bmomw&m;wpfck jzpfonf/ þbmomudk ouf0if,MkH unf vdu k ef molrsm;udk
,k'[kac:Ny;D ? ¤if;wdo
Yk nf wrefawmfrpl m(arma&S) ESihf ol\w&m;a'oemrsm;udk
,HMk unfvukd ef mcJo
h rl sm; jzpfMuonf/
w&m;a[m&musr;f (Deuteronomy)rS atmufazmf jyygusr;f yd'k rf sm;onf
wrefawmfrpl m(arma&S)u ol\ aemufvu kd rf sm;tm; tav;teuf wdu k w
f eG ;f
tm;ay;csurf sm; jzpfonf/
(1) ]tdk-£oa&vtrsdK;? em;axmifavmh/ igwdkY\bk&m;ocif xm0&bk&m;onf

wpfqw l nf;aom xm0& bk&m; jzpfawmfr\
l /} [The Bible, Duet 6:4]
(2) a[&Sm,em*wdå(Isaiah)usrf;rS atmufazmfjyyg usrf;ydk'frsm;udk qifjcif
oH;k oyfyg/
]]igwpfyg;wnf;onf xm0&bk&m;jzpfí igrSwpfyg;u,fwif aomocifr&S}d }
[The Bible, Isaiah, 43:11]
(3) ]]igwpfyg;wnf;om xm0&bk&m;jzpf\/ igrSwpfyg; tjcm;aom bk&m;ocifr&S}d }
(4) ]]igonfb&k m;ocifjzpf\/ igrSwpfyg; tjcm;aom bk&m;r&S/d }}
(5) ,k ' 0g'(od k Y ) *sL;bmomonf ½k y f x k r sm;ud k ; uG , f j cif ; ud k jypf w if
½IUH csaom0g'jzpfaMumif; atmufazmfjyygusr;f yk'd rf sm;t& avhvmod&EdS ikd yf gonf/
]]igrS w pf y g; tjcm;aombk & m;ud k rud k ; uG , f E S i f h / txuf r d k ; aumif ;
uifüvnf;aumif;? atmuft&yfajrBu;D ay:üvnf;aumif;? ajrBu;D atmuf
a&xJ ü vnf ; aumif ; &S d a omt&mES i f h yH k o @mef w l a tmif ? ½k y f w k u d k
ud k , f h t zd k Y r vk y f E S i f h / rif ; ol w d k Y u d k OD ; rcs0wf r jyKES i f h / taMumif ; rl u m;?
oif\bk&m;ocif igxm0&bk&m;onf? oifhütjypf&Sdonf[k ,HkvG,f
aombk&m;jzpf\/}} (or®musrf;pm? vGwaf jrmuf&musrf; 20;3-5)
txufazmfjyygazmfjycsufESifh qifwlaomowday; vrf;ñTefcsufudk
w&m;a[m&musr;f (Deuteronomy) wGix f yfrí H rdeq Yf x
kd m;aMumif;awGU&onf/
]]igrSwpfyg; tjcm;aombk&m;udk rudk;uG,fESifh/ txufrdk;aumif;uif
üvnf;aumif;? atmuft&yfajrBuD;ay:üvnf;aumif;? ajrBuD;atmuf
a&xJüvnf;aumif;? &Sdaomt&mESifh yHkyef;o@mefwlatmif½kyfwkudk
ukd,fhtzdkYrvkyfESifh/ OD;rcs? 0wfrjyKygESifh/ taMumif;rlum; oif\bk&m;ocif
igxm0&bk&m;onf oihü f tjypf&o dS nf[k ,Hv k ,G af ombk&m; jzpf\/}}
(or®musrf;pm? w&m;a[musrf; 5;7-9)
c&pf,mefbmomwGif vufcx H m;onfh

]ud;k uG,&f mt&Si}f [laomtodonm
c&pf,meft,l0g'onf qD;rdkufbmomw&m;wpfckjzpfNyD;? ,cktcg
wpfurÇmvH;k wGif c&pf,mefbmom0if ta&twGurf mS oef; (2000)cef&Y o
dS nf[k
tcdik t
f rmqdak eMuygonf/ c&pf,meft,l0g'onf a,½Ic&pf () trnf
emray:wGif t&if;cHírSnfhac:xm;aom trnfjzpfonf/ a,½Iocif
(wrefawmftpD m) onf tpövmrfwiG f Munfñakd v;pm;jcif;cH&aom wrefawmf
wpfyg;jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefr[kwfaom t,l0g'rsm;teuf (tpövmrf
bmomonf) a,½Iocifudk ,HkMunf&efjy|mef;xm;aom wpfckwnf;aom
bmomw&m; jzpfonf/
c&pf,mefbmomwGif vufcHxm;aom ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif} [laom
todonmudk aqG;aEG;rwifjyrD tpövmrfbmomu vufcHxm;aom
ocifa,½I\ taetxm;udk pl;prf;avhvmMunfyh gpd/Yk
(1) tpövmrfonf ocifa,½Itay:wGif pGNJ raJ om ,HMk unf csux f m;&So d nfh
c&pf , mef r [k w f a om bmomw&m;rsm;teuf wpf c k w nf ; aom
bmomjzpfonf/ rGwfpvifrf[k cH,lxm;olwpfOD;onf ocifa,½Iudk
vufc, H MkH unfrrI &Syd gu olonf ppfreS af om rGwpf vifrf rjzpfEikd af y/
(2) uREfkyfwkdYrGwfpvifrfrsm;u ocifa,½Ionf? tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\
pGr;f tm;Bu;D us,af om wrefawmfrsm;teufrw S pfyg;[k ,HMk unfMuonf/
(3) acwfopfc&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;u r,HMk unfMuaomfvnf;? o c i f
a,½Ionf rnfonfha,mufsm;ESifhrQ ul;vl;qufqHrIr&SdygbJvQuf
tysdKpifppfppfrdcifrSxl;qef; tHhMozG,f&marG;zGm;vmaMumif;udk uREfkyfwdkY
rGwpf vifrrf sm; ,HMk unfMuonf/
(4) ocifa,½Ionf xm0&udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ cGifhjyKcsuft& olaoudk
toufoiG ;f jycJo h nf[k ,HMk unfMuonf/
(5) ocifa,½Ionf xm0&udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\cGifhjyKcsufjzifh arG;&myg
rsufaphrjrifolrsm;ESifh tEla&m*gonfrsm;udk ukoaysmufuif;aponf
[k,HkMunfMuonf/
tu,fíwpfpw kH pfa,mufaomolu? rGwpf vifrEf iS hf c&pf,mefrsm;onf
ocifa,½Iudk cspfcifjrwfEdk;av;pm;MuygonfqdkvQif rnfonfhae&mwGif
þESpt f yk pf \k t,ltq cGx J u
G o
f mG ;oenf;[kar;vmvQif tajzrSm atmufyg
twdkif;jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefrsm;u ocifa,½Ionf xm0&udk;uG,f&m
t&Sifbk&m;jzpfjcif;udk tcdkiftrm,HkMunfaejcif;yifjzpfonf/ c&pf,mef
bmomqd k i f & musrf ; *ef r sm;ud k avh v mqnf ; yl ; rI r sm;t& ocif a ,½I
udk,fawmfwdkifu rdrdonf udk;uG,f&mt&Sifbk&m;jzpfonf [laomtcsufudk
rnfonfhtcgurQ a&;om; azmfjyxm;jcif;rsdK;r&SdaMumif;udk zGifhvSpfazmfjy
aeayonf/ trSefrSmor®musrf;wpftkyfvHk;wGifocifa,½I udk,fawmfwdkif
u]uREf k y f o nf u d k ; uG , f & mt&S i f j zpf o nf } (od k Y ) ]uREf k y f t m; ud k ; uG , f
qnf;uyfyg}}[lí jywfjywfom;om;? wdwdusus tqdkjyKa&;om;csuf
wpfckwpfavrQr&Sday/ trSefrSm or®musrf;wGif ocifa,½Iudk,fawmfwdkif
w&m;a'oema[mMum;&mwGif rdrdonf bk&m;jzpfonf[laomtcsufrsm;udk
a[mMum;cJhjcif;r&SdbJ qefYusifbuftaMumif;t&mrsm;? tqdkjyKcsufrsm;udk
a[mMum;cJ h o nf u d k awG U &ayonf / or® m usrf ; pmwG i f ; rS ocif a ,½I \
a[mMum;csurf sm;udk atmufazmfjyyg usr;f yd'k rf sm;t& qifjcifo;kH oyfEikd o f nf/
]ig\crnf;awmfonf ighxufomí BuD;jrwfawmfrl\/}
( &Sifa,m[ef? 14;28)
]ig\crnf;awmfonf cyford ;f aomolwx Ykd uf BuD;jrwfawmf rl\/}
(&Sifa,m[ef 10;29)
]igonfbk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfudk trSDjyKí ewfqdk;wdkYudk ESifxkwfon f
rSefvQif ---} (&SifróJ 14;28)
]--- igonf bk&m;ocif\ vufñ;dI awmftm;jzifh ewfq;kd wdu Yk kd
ESifxkwfonf rSefvQif ---} (&Sifvkum 11;20)
]igonf ud k , f t vd k t avsmuf tb,f t rI u d k r Q rjyKEd k i f / igonf
Mum;onft h wdik ;f w&m;pD&if\/ ig\pD&ifjcif;onfvnf; w&m;awmfEiS hf nDnw G \ f /
taMumif;rlum; igonf udk,hftvdkodkYrvdkuf? ighudk apvTwfawmf rlaom
crnf;awmftvdo k v
Ykd u
dk \
f /}} (&Sifa,m[ef 5;30)
a,½Ic&pf() tm;apvTwjf cif;

ud,k af wmfonfvrf;ñTew f &m;rsm;udk jynfph akH pjcif;tvdiYk mS <uvmawmfrjl cif;
ocifa,½Ionf olYudk,folbk&m;jzpfaMumif; wpfcgrQ zGifh[ajymqdkrI
rjyKcahJ cs/ olonfot Yl m;]ud;k uG,&f mt&Siuf apvTwaf wmfrjl cif;taMumif;ESihf
ol\wm0efu&kd iS ;f vif;pGm zGi[hf aMujimcJo
h nf/} ocifa,½Itm; vGeaf vNy;D aom
*sL;rsm;ESifhqkdifaom vrf;ñTefw&m;rsm;udktwnfjyK&ef apvTwfawmfrlcJh\/
&SifróJc&pf0ifusrf;yg atmufazmfjyyg ocifa,½I\ a[mMum;csufrsm;u
]¤if;\wm0efonf *sL;rsm;ESifhqdkifaom vrf;ñTefw&m;rsm;udk twnfjyK&ef
jzpfonf} [laomtcsuu f kd xifxif&mS ;&Sm; axmufcaH eayonf/
]]ynwådusrf;? tem*wådusrf;rsm;udkzsufy,fjcif;iSm igvmonfr[kwf?
jynfhpHkapjcif;iSm igvmownf;/ igtrSefqdkonfrSmum; aumif;uifESifh
ajrBuD;rysufp;D rSw D ikd af tmif? ynwåu d srf;\ ti,fq;kH aom pmvH;k AdEK¨ wpfv;kH rQ
jynfph jkH cif;odrYk a&mufrDS rysufp;D ap&/
xdkYaMumifh tMuifolonf ti,fqHk;aomynwfwpfckudk udk,fwdkif vGefusL;í
olwpfyg;wdt Yk m;vnf; xdt Yk wloeG o
f if\/ xdo k o
l n f aumif;uifEikd if aH wmfü
ti,f q H k ; aomol jzpf v d r f h r nf / tMuif o l o nf ud k , f w d k i f u sif h í
olwpfyg;wkdYtm;vnf; oGefoif\/ xdkolonf aumif;uifEdkifiHawmfü
Bu;D aomoljzpfvrd rhf nf/}} (or®musrf;? &SifróJ 5;17-20)
xm0&bk&m;ocif(ud;k uG,&f mt&Si)f u

a,½Ic&pfawmftm; apvTwjf cif;
(a,½Ic&pfawmftm; wrefawmftjzpf apvTwfjcif;ESifh? ocifa,½Itm;
apvTwaf wmfral omobm0ud)k or®musr;f \ atmufazmfjyygusr;f yd'k rf sm;wGif
azmfjyxm;onf/
]]oifwdkYMum;aompum;onf ighpum;r[kwf? ighudkapvTwfawmfrlaom
crnf;awmf\ pum;awmfjzpf\/}} (or®musrf;? &Sifa,m[ef 14;24)
]]xm0&touf [ l r l u m;? rS e f a ombk & m;ocif ? wpf q l w nf ; jzpf a wmf
rl a omuk d , f a wmf u d k v nf ; aumif ; ? apvT w f a wmf r l a oma,½I c &pf u d k
vnf;aumif;? oduRrf;jcif;wnf;}}/ (or®musrf;? &Sifa,m[ef 17;3)
ocifa,½Iu olonfbk&m;jzpfonf[laomtcsufudk a&;a&;rQyif
a[mMum;cJhjcif;r&Sd/ atmufazmfjyyg or®musrf;pmrS jzpf&yfrsm;onf
þtcsurf sm;udk axmufcaH eayonf/
]]xd k Y a emuf vl w pf a ,muf o nf c sOf ; uyf í aumif ; jrwf a omq&m?
xm0&toufu&kd tHah omiSm tuREfyk o f nf tb,faumif;rIujkd yK&ygrnf enf;[k
ar;avQmuf a omf w zef a ,½I u xd k o l t m;ajymMum;onf r S m igh u d k
aumif;jrwfonf[k tb,faMumifhac:oenf;/ bk&m;ocif wpfyg;wnf;om
aumif;jrwfawmfrl\ touf&Sifjcif;odkY 0ifpm;vdkvQif ynwfawmfwdkYudk
apmifah &Smufavmh[k rdeaYf wmfr\ l /}} (or®musrf;? &Sirf óJ 19;16-17)
txufazmfjyyg? or®musrf;rS xkwfjyefxGufqdkcsufrsm;u? c&pf,mef
bmom0ifrsm; w&m;aovufcx H m;aom a,½Ic&pf()onf bk&m;jzpfonf
[laomtcsuEf iS ?hf c&pfawmfu rdrdudk,fudk pGefYvTwftepfemcHí vlom;rsm;udk
tjypfrS aq;aMumu,fwifonf[laom t,ltqudk twdty jiif;qdkae
ayonf/ ocifa,½Iu, kd w f ikd u f u,fwifjcif; cH,&l eftvdiYk mS ynwfawmfrsm;udk
vdu
k ef maqmif&u G &f ef wdu k w f eG ;f Ed;I aqmfxm;ayonf/ (or®musrf;? &Sirf óJ 19;16-
17)
eZ&ufro S cifa,½l
]bk&m;ocif\oabmwlvo l m;}
or®musrf;rS atmufazmfjyygxkwfjyefcsufrsm;onf? a,½Iocifonf
]ud;k uG,&f mt&Si}f \wrefawmfjzpfonf [laom? tpövmrf, h MkH unfcsurf sm;udk
axmufcaH eayonf/
]]td k £oa&v(tpö a &;) trsd K ;om;taygif ; wd k Y Mum;emMuavmh /
eZ&ufNrdKUom;a,½Ionf bk&m;\oufaocHvlom; (tm,of)jzpfí?
bk & m;utoif w d k Y t wG u f csrS w f a y;vuf p ? w&m;a'oemrsm;ud k
NyD ; jynf h a p&ef t vd k Y i S m tH z G , f & mjym#d [ m? ouf a ovu© P mrsm;ES i f h
apvTwaf wmfrrl nfukd oifwb Ykd momodMuavavmh/}}
yxrynwfawmf
ud;k uG,&f mt&Sio f nf wpfyg;wnf;om
or®musrf;pmu c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;\ ]oHk;yg;wpfql} [laom
t,ltqudk vH;k 0raxmufcMH uay/ ocif a,½I()\ pma&;awmfwpfO;D u
ocifa,½Itm; ynwfawmfrsm;xJrS yxrqH;k ynwfawmfukd ar;avQmuf&mwGif
a,½Ic&pfonf? arma&S(rlpm)u rdeaYf wmfrcl o hJ nfukd xyfrí H rdeMYf um;cJo
h nf/
]]em;qif a vmh td k £ oa&v(trsd K ;om;taygif ; wd k Y igwd k Y \ bk & m;
ocif x m0&bk & m;onf wpf q l w nf ; aomxm0&bk & m;jzpf a wmf r l \ /
xm0&bk&m;onf wpfyg;wnf;jzpfawmfr\
l /}} (&Sirf muk 12;29)
tpövmrfbmomwGif vufcx H m;aom

]ud;k uG,&f mt&Si}f [laomtodonm
tpövmrfbmomonf qD;rdkufbmomw&m;rsm;teufrSwpfckjzpfNyD;?
urÇmwpfvTm;wGif bmom0ifta&t wGufoef;(1200)ausmfcefY&Sdonf/
tpövmrf[o l nf ]tv’m[ft&Si\ f tvdak wmftwdik ;f vdu k ef mjcif;? emcHjcif;}[k
t"dyÜm,f&onf/ rGwfpvifrfrsm;onf usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefudk tv’m[f
t&SifxHawmfrS wrefawmfrk[r®'fay:wGif xkwfjyefcsrSwfay;aom tv’m[f
t&Sif\vrf;ñTef w&m;awmfrsm;[k,HkMunfonf/ urÇmhordkif;acwftquf
qufwiG f tv’m[ft&Six f rH S wrefawmfrsm;apvTwí f ]ud;k uG,&f mt&Sio f nf
tv’mm[fwpfyg;wnf;&SdaMumif;}ESifh ]aemifwrvGefb0wGif ppfaq;ar;jref;
jcif;cH&rnfth aMumif;}rsm; udk owif;ay;aponf[t k pövmrfrS tcdik t f rmzGi[ hf
ajymqdkygonf/ xdkYaMumifh tpövmrfbmomwGif cdkifrmaombmoma&;
,HkMunfcsuftjzpf yGifhavukefaom wrefawmfrsm;udk ,HkMunfapygonf/
þwrefawmfrsm;rSm wrefawmftm'rf()rSpí wrefawmf El;[f(aemf{)()?
wrefawmftDA&m[ifrf()?; wrefawmf tpörmtDvf()? wrefawmf
tpö[muf()? wrefawmf,tfuAl (f )wrefawmfrpl m() wrefawmf
'g0k'(f )wrefawmf ,[f,m(()wrefawmftpD m (ocifa,½I)()ESihf
tjcm;aomwrefawmfrsm; yg0ifMuonf/
ud;k uG,&f mt&Si[ f al om a0g[m&twGuf
twdusq;kH aom t"dymÜ ,fowfrw S cf suf
tpövmrf\ ]]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}}[laom a0g[m&twGuf twdus
qH;k t"dymÜ ,f owfrw
S cf suu f kd pl&m[f tdcvf mqGf (uk&t f mefu@ trSwf 112)&Sd
tm,ofawmf (4) ckutwdtuszGihfqdkxm;ygonf/

(1)(tdk-eADwrefawmf) toifonf ajymMum;ygav/ xdktv’m[f

t&Sijf rwfonf wpfqw l nf;jzpfawmfr\ l /
(2)tv’m[ft&Sijf rwfonf vdv k m;awmifw
h jcif; vH;k 0uif;&Si;f awmfrl
aomt&Si?f olwpfyg;wd\Yk rScD kd tm;xm;&mt&Si?f tEdiI ;f rJh xm0&t&Sif
jzpfawmfr\l /
(3) xdkt&Sifjrwfonf rnfolwpfOD; wpfa,mufudkrQ arG;zGm;
awmfrlcJhonf r[kwfay/ rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,muf\ arG;zGm;jcif;
udkvnf; cH&awmfrlonf r[kwfay/
(4) xdkrSwpfyg; xdkt&Sifjrwfü *kPf&nfwo l [ l íl vnf; wpfO;D
wpfa,mufrQyif r&S d a y/ (usr;f jrwfu&k tf mef 112;1-4)
txufygpl&m[fu@\'kw, d usr;f yd'k v

f m]tqGq
f rG 'f} [laoma0g[m&rSm
jynfph pkH mG t"dymÜ ,fjyefq&kd ef cJ,Of;ygonf/ ¤if;\teufrmS ]yuwdwnf&jdS cif;}?
]t<uif;rJh wnfaejcif;}[kjzpfonf/ þ*kPaf wmf\t&nftaoG;rSm tv’m[ft&Sif
wpfyg;wnf;ESifh xdkufwefonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf tv’m[ft&SifrSvGJí
tjcm;aom ouf&SdoufrJht&mtm;vHk; onfacwå,m,Dwnfaeaom (odkY)
tajctaewpf&yf tay:wGirf w l nfí &yfwnfaeMu&aomaMumifh jzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifh ]tqGfqGr'fonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rnfonfh vlyk*¾dKvf?
t&m0w¬KwpfpHkwpf&mwGifay:rS rSDwnfaejcif; r[kwfbJ? tm;vHk;aom
vl y k * ¾ d K vf r sm;ES i f h t &m0w¬ K cyf o d r f ; uomvQif tv’m[ft&Sifay:wGifrSDí
wnf&adS eMujcif;jzpfonf/}
]pl&[ftcd v f mqG}f
bmoma&;,HMk unfrq I ikd &f mavhvmrIynm&yftwGuf rSwaf usmufjzpfjcif;
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ pl&m[fu@ (112)onf? pl&m[ftdcfvmqGf
jzpfayonf/ bmoma&;,HMk unfrq I ikd &f mavhvmrI ynm&yftwGurf w S af usmuf
jzpfayonf/ þae&mwGif ]Theo}[laompum;rSm]bk&m;}[k t"dymÜ ,f&í ]Logy}
[lonfrSm avhvmjcif;[kteuf&Sdonf/ xdkYaMumifh Theology rSm bk&m;rsm;
taMumif ; avh v mjcif ; jzpf o nf / rG w f p vif r f r sm;twG u f ? teEÅ
pGr;f tm;awmft&SiEf iS yhf wfoufí t"dymÜ ,fowfrw S cf su(f 4)rsKd ;&SNd y;D ? ¤if;onf
oDtdkvdk*sD bmom&yftwGuf rSwfausmuftjzpf xrf;aqmifay;ayonf/
]ud;k uG,jf cif;cHxu dk o
f nf[k owfrw S jf cif;cH&aom t&mwdik ;f onf rSwaf usmuf
wifjcif;udk cHEikd &f ayrnf/} þ u@wGif azmfjyxm;aom (tv’m[ft&Sijf rwf\
*kP&f nfawmfrsm;onf) ,SOb f ufr&Sd jynfph akH eaomfvnf;? bk&m;wk bk&m;a,mif
rsm;rSmrl txufyg pl&m[fu@yg *kPf&nfawmfrsm;ESifh rSwfausmufwif
ppfaq;ygu tvG,w f uljyKwu f somG ;rnf jzpfayonf/
tpövmrfuajymaomvlom;bk&m;
tdEd´,EdkifiHonf rEkóbk&m;(odkY) vlom;bk&m;rsm;\ e,fajr[k
trnf a usmf M um;ygonf / taMumif ; rS m 0d Ó Of y d k i f ; qd k i f & mq&mocif
tajrmuftjrm; tdEd´,wGif&Sdaejcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ þyk*d¾Kvfrsm;teuf
rsm;pGmaom]bmbm bmbm
bmbm} rsm;ESihf ]ol olawmfpifBuD;} rsm;wGif Edik if aH ygif;rsm;pGmrS vufcH
,HMk unfoal emufvu kd rf sm; &SMd uayonf/ tpövmrfonf rnfonfhvlom;udk
(tzefqif;cH)udkrqdk udk;uG,fyojcif;udk rESpfNrdKUacs/
þuJhokdY bk&m;ta,mifaqmifolrsm;ESifhywfoufaom tpövmrf\
&yfwnfr½I aI xmifu h ekd m;vnf&efrmS vlom; bk&m;wpfa,mufjzpfonfh ]atmpf[ h kd
&m*sef ;D &S}f udq
k ef;ppf avhvmMunfMh uygpd/Yk atmhp[ f &kd m*sef ;D &So
f nf tdE, d´ rS xGuf
ay:vmaom ]0d 0d Ó Of a &;&mq&m
&;&mq&m} tajrmuftjrm;xJrSwpfOD; jzpfonf/
(1981)ckESpf?arvwGif olonftar&duefjynfaxmifpkodkYoGm;í ]&m;*sfeD;&Sf
yl&rf}[laomNrKd Uudk xlaxmifco hJ nf/ xdaYk emuf (taemufEikd if t H mPmydik rf sm;ud)k
Oya'pnf;rsO;f ESihf Nipd rG ;f aom ta&;udpu ö u kd sL;vGerf EI iS hf qefuY sirf jd cif;aMumif?h
¤if;wdkY\zrf;qD;tjypfay;jcif;cH&NyD; jynfESif'Pfay;cHcJh&avonf/ olonf
tdE´d,EdkifiHodkY jyefvmcJhNyD; ]ylae} wGif ]bHktzGJU}wpfckudk zGJUpnf;cJhNyD; ]atmhpf[dk
bHktzGJU}[k trnfwGif\/ &m;*sfeD;&Sfonf (1990)wGifuG,fvGefaoqHk;cJh\/
atmhp[ f &kd m;*sef ;D &S\
f aemufvu kd af emufygrsm;u olu Y kd teEÅ pGr;f tm;&Sif ]bk&m;}
[k ,HkMunfMuonf/ ]ylae}&Sd ]atmhpf[dk bHktzGJU}odkY tvnftywfa&muf&Sd
vmaom {nfo h nfonf atmufazmfjyygocsKØ i;f pmudk &m;*sef ;D &S\ f tkw*f al y:wGif
awGUEdik o f nf/
]]atmhpf[dkonf rnfonfhtcgrQ arG;zGm;jcif;rcH&ovdk rnfonfh
tcgrQaoqH;k jcif;vnf;r&S/d olonf (1931)ckEpS ?f 'DZifbmv (11)&ufrS ZEé0g&Dv
(19)&uftxdom urÇmN*Kd [o f Ykd tvnftywf a&muf&cdS jhJ cif;jzpfonf/}}
ol\aemufvdkufrsm; a&;om;&efarhavsmhcJhonfrSm atmhpf[dktm; urÇmh
EdkifiH(21)EdkifiHodkY0ifcGifhADZmay;jcif;rcH&[laom tcsufjzpfonf/ atmpfh[dk
&m;*sef ;D &S\
f aemufvu kd rf sm;taeESihf olw\ Ykd bk&m; urÇmN*Kd [u f vkd nfywfpOfu
EdkifiH wpfEdkifiHodkY0ifa&muf&ef ADZmvdktyfjcif;[laom jyóemudk jyóem[k
rjrifcMhJ uacs/
þbk&m;tjzpf owfrSwfjcif;cH&aom b*0rf &m;*sfeD;&Sftm; udk;uG,f&m
jzpfjcif;udk rSwaf usmufwifEikd o f nfh pl&m[ftpd cf v f mqGyf g*kPt f &nftcsi;f rsm;ESihf
ppfaq; wdik ;f wmMunfMh uygpd/Yk
(1) yxrqHk;]pHcsdef?pHñTef;}rSm ]ajymMum;avmh? olonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf
jzpfonf/wpfyg;wnf; wnf&Sdawmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfonf}/ þpHcsdefpHñTef;jzifh
]&m;*sef ;D &Sof nf wpfyg;wnf; wpfa,mufwnf;omvQi&f adS omoljzpfygovm;}
[lonfhtcsufudkppfaq;ygu? olonfudk;uG,f&m t&SifrjzpfEdkifawmhyg/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf &m;*sfeD;&SfuJhodkYyif rdrdudk,fudkbk&m;jzpfonf[k
tcdik t f rmajymqdak e aomolrsm; trsm;tjym;&So d nf/ &m;*sef ;D &S\ f tcsKd Uaom
aemufvdkufrsm;taeESifh olonfwpfyg;wnf; wpfa,mufwnf;&Sdol[lonfh
,HMk unfcsuu f kd qufvufpu JG ikd af umif; pGu
J ikd af ernfjzpfonf/
(2) 'k w d , ]pH E I e f ; }rS m ]tv’ m [f t &S i f j rwf o nf vd k v m; awmif h w jcif ;
vH;k 0uif;&Si;f awmfral omt&Si?f olwpfyg;wd\ Yk rScD t kd m;xm;&mt&Si?f tEdIif;rJh
xm0&t&Sijf zpf awmfr\ l /}
&m;*sfeD;&Sfonf (1990)ckESpfwGif uG,fvGefaoqHk;cJhaomaMumifh olonf
vdkvm;awmifhw rSDcdkrIuif;jcif;ESifh xm0&wnf&Sdaomolr[kwfonfrSm
xif&mS ;onf/ ol\yk*K¾d vaf &;qdik &f m txåKyw Ü råd o
S &d onfrmS ? olonfq;D csKd a&m*g?
yef;em &ifMuyfa&m*gESihf emwm&Snaf usm½d;k ema&m*gwku Yd kd cHpm;cJ&h aMumif;od&\/
olu tar&dueftpdk;&onf olaxmifusaepOfumvtwGif; wjznf;jznf;
tqdyfoifhapatmif jyKvkyfcJhonf[k pGyfpGJajymqdkcJh\/ pOf;pm;Munfhyg/ teEÅ
pGr;f tm;&Sio f nf wpfpw kH pfa,muf\tqdycf yfjcif;udk cH&ygrnfvm;/ &m;*sef ;D &Sf
onf jynfph jkH cif;vnf;r&S?d edpx ö m0&vnf;rwnf&ydS g/
(3) wwd,pHEIef;rSm ]olonf rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,muf udkrQarG;zGm;rIr&Sd?
rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,muf\ arG;zGm;jcif;udk vnf;cHcJh&onfr[kwf}/uREfkyfwdkY
od&onfrSm &m;*sfeD;&Sfonf tdE´d,EdkifiH *smb,fvfyl;&fwGif arG;zGm;cJhNyD;?
rdcifzcifEpS yf g;wd&Yk MdS uNy;D ? aemifwiG o f \l aemufvu kd jf zpfomG ;cJah Mumif;od&ojzif?h
olonf ]ud;k uG,&f mt&Si}f rjzpfEikd /f
(1981)ckESpf? arvwGif olonf tar&duefjynfaxmifpkodkYoGm;í
]&m;*sfeD;&Sfyl&rf}[laomNrdKUudk xlaxmifcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf (taemufEdkifiH
tmPmydkifrsm;\) Oya'pnf;rsOf;ESifhNidpGrf;aomta&;udpöudkusL;vGefrIESifh
qefu Y sirf jd cif;aMumif?h ¤if;wd\ Yk zrf;qD;tjypfay;jcif;cH&Ny;D ? jynfEiS 'f Pfay;cHchJ
&avonf/ olonftdE´d,EdkifiHodkY jyefvmcJhNyD; ]ylae}wGif ]bHktzGJU}wpfckudk
zGJUpnf;cJhNyD; ]atmhpf[dkbHktzGJU} [ktrnfwGif\/ &m;*sfeD;&Sfonf (1990)wGif
uG,fvGefaoqHk;cJh\/ atmhpf[dk&m;*sfeD;&Sf\ aemufvdkufaemufygrsm;u olYudk
]teEÅpGrf;tm;&Sifbk&m;}[k ,HkMunfMuonf/ ]ylae}&Sd ]atmhpf[dkbHktzGJU}odkY
tvnftywfa&muf&v dS maom {nfo h nfrsm;onf atmufazmfjyyg ocsKØ i;f pmudk
&m;*sef ;D &S\f tkw*f al y:wGiaf wGUEdik o f nf/ ]]atmhp[ f b kd ,faomtcg rSarG;zGm;jcif;
rcH&ovdk b,faomtcgrQ aoqH;k jcif;vnf;r&S/d olonf 1931ckEpS ?f 'DZifbmv
(11)&ufrS 1990ckESpf? ZEé0g&Dv(19)&ufaeYtxdom urÇmN*dKvfoYkd tvnf
tywf a&muf&cdS jhJ cif;jzpfonf/}} &m;*sfeD;&Sf\ aemufvdkufrsm;u ¤if;wdkY\bk&m;
&m;*sef ;D &St
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tcsufudk? ocsØKif;pmwGifazmfjy&ef arhavsmhcJhMuonf/ bk&m;jzpfonf[k
owfrSwfjcif;cH&aom vlyk*d¾Kvfwpfa,muftwGuf EdkifiHwpfckodkY0if&ef
ADZmvdt k yfygovm;/ *&dEikd if rH *S P
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f ek ;f awmfBu;D uajymcJo h nfrmS ]tu,fí
om &m;*se;D &So f nf jynfEiS 'f Pfay;cH&jcif;rcHc&hJ aomf ¤if;wko Yd nf ol\tdrEf iS hf
aemufvu kd rf sm;\tdrrf sm;tm; rD;½dUI zsuq f ;D Muvdrrhf nf} [líjzpfonf/
(4) pwkwaå jrmufb&k m;jzpfaMumif; ]pHEeI ;f }rSm twif;tusyq f ;kH ? tcuftcJq;kH
tcsujf zpfonf/ ¤if;rSm ]olEiS hf *kP&f nfwl wpfO;D wpfa,mufrQyif r&S}d [laom
tcsufyif jzpfonf/ pm½IoltaeESifh ,ckuREfkyfajymaecdkufrSmyif ]bk&m;}
udkpdwful;ESifhyHkazmfMunfhyg/ (odkY) bk&m;jzpfjcif;twGuf avQmufvTmwifxm;
aomyk*¾dKvftm; wpfpHkwpf&mESifh EdIif;,SOfMunfhyg/ xdkyk*¾dKvfonf ]udk;uG,f&m
t&Sif}rjzpfEdkifawmhyg/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf wpfqlwnf;aomudk;uG,f&m
tppftrSeftm; pdwful;½kyfyHkjzifh azmfaqmif&efrjzpfEdkifíjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY
od&onfrmS &m;*sef ;D &SofS nf vlom;wpfO;D jzpfNy;D ? &Snv f sm;aomrkwq f w
d jf zLBu;D rsm;
&Sdonf/ olYwGif rsufvHk; ESpfvHk;? em;ESpfbuf? ESmacgif;wpfck? yg;pyfwpfckyg\/
ol\ "gwfyrkH sm;ESihf ydpk wmrsm;pGmudk &&SEd ikd yf gonf/ toifu wpfpkH wpf&mudk
]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[k pdwful;ESifh yHkazmfvdkufonfESifh ol(&m;*sfeD;&SSf)onf
]ud;k uG,&f mt&Si}f r[kwaf wmhyg/
txufazmfjyyg tajctaet&yf&yfay: ed*;kH csKyq f &kd aomf armifpMu0Vm
[ktrnfay;jcif;cH&aom urÇmhpGrf;tm;BuD;aomvlom;[laom acgif;pOf
atmufwGif? vlom;wdkYu rdrdwdkY\,HkMunf&mvlyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; bk&m;oP²mef
oGi;f &ef tm;xkwjf cif;omjzpfonf/ xdaYk Mumih]f bk&m;jzpf?rjzpf rSwaf usmufwif
ppfaq;jcif;} [laompmar;yGt J wGuf ed*;kH csKyrf w S cf suu f kd rnfocYkd soifo h enf;/
udk;uG,f&mt&Sif tppftrSefrSvGJí rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ txuf
azmfjyyg]ud;k uG,&f mt&Si}f jzpfjcif;rSwaf usmufwifru I kd ratmifEikd yf g/
uREykf w
f o Ykd nfrnfoaYkd om trnfemrrsm;jzifU
ud;k uG,&f mt&Siu f kd ac:Muoenf;/
rGwfpvifrfrsm;twGuf ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}tm; t*Fvdyfa0g[m& ]God}
xuf ]Allah} (tv’m[f) [kac:a0:jcif;udk ydEk pS o f ufygonf/ tm&ADa0g[m&
]tv’m[f}onf ]]oefY&Sif;pifMu,faom? twkr&Sdaom? NydKifzufuif;aom}}
[laom teufrsm;yg0ifí t*Fvdyfa0g[m&]a*gh'f}ESifh¤if;\tEG,f0if
pum;vk;H rsm;ESihf t"dygÜ ,fumG jcm;ygonf/
toifonf ]God}[laompum;vH;k wGi]f s}udk aygif;xnfv h ukd yf gu ]Gods}
bk&m;rsm;jzpfvmonf/ tv’m[fonf wpfyg;wnf;&SNd y;D ?wpfcjk yude;f jzpfonf/
]tv’m[f} [laompum;vkH;wGif trsm;yHkpHr&Sdyg/ toifonf ]God}[laom
pum;wGif ]dess}udkaygif;xnfhvdkufygu ]Goddess} bk&m;r [kjzpfvmonf/
tv’m[fwiG f tv’m[fzkd (0g) tv’m[ftr [lír&Syd g/ tv’m[fwiG f vdicf jJG cm;rI
r&Sdyg/ tu,fí toifonf ]God} ta&SUwGif a&SUqufpum;vHk; ]tin}
udx k nfv h ukd yf g/ ]bk&m;wk} jzpfvmayrnf/ ]tv’m[f}onf ]oD;oef}Y wpfcw k nf;
wnf&Sdaom pum;vHk;jzpfNyD;? rnfodkYaompdwful;ESifhrQ yHkazmfMunfhEdkifonfh
pdwful;½kyfyHkrS&dS/ ¤if;udk ua&mfur,fvkyfí azmfjyEdkifaomt&m[lí r&Sday/
xdkYaMumifh rGwfpvifrfrsm;twGuf ]tv’m[f} [laompum;vHk;udkoHk;pGJ&ef
ydkíESpfoufMuNyD;? rGwfpvifrfr[kwfolrsm;ESifh ajymqdkMuaomtcg? uREfkyfwdkY
rG w f p vif r f r sm;taeES i f h ? xd k o l r sm;em;vnf v G , f a p&ef ]tv’ m [f } ES i f h
roifah vsmaf ompum;vH;k jzpfonfh ]bk&m;}(od)Yk ]bk&m;ocif}[laompum;vH;k udk
rvTJra&Smifom oHk;pGJMu&onf/ þpmtkyftwGuf &nf&G,fxm;aom pmzwf
y&dowfrSm a,bk,stm;jzifh rGwfpvifrfESifh rGwfpvifrf r[kwfolrsm;udkyg
&nf&, G x f m;aomaMumifh pma&;ol taeESihf ]tv’m[f}[laompum;vH;k tpm;
]bk&m;}[laom pum;vHk;udkom þusrf;i,f\ae&mtawmfrsm;rsm;wGif
oH;k pGx
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kd t
[lívnf;aumif;? ]]bk&m; (0g) bk&m;ocif}}[lívnf;aumif;? oH;k EIe;f xm;aMumif; owd
jyKapcsifygonf/)
ud;k uG,&f mt&Sio f nf
vlom;wpfOD;jzpfrvmjcif;
tcsdKUaomvlrsm;u apm'uwufMuonfrSm udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf
rnfonft h &mrqdk jyKvyk Ef ikd o f nfqv kd Qif tb,faMumifh olonfvo l m;toGiu f kd
raqmif&oenf;/ tu,fí ]ud;k uG,&f mt&Si}f u tvd&k v dS Qif olonfvo l m;
jzpfEikd yf gonf/ xdo k Ykd ud;k uG,&f mt&Siu f vlom;tjzpfa&muf&v dS mygvQi?f olonf
ud;k uG,&f mt&Sit f jzpf qufvuf &yfwnfEikd af wmhrnfr[kwaf y/ tb,faMumifh
qdkaomf rsm;pGmaomudpö&yfrsm;twGufvlom;ESifh bk&m;\t&nftaoG;rsm;
onf o[ZmwrjzpfaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ atmufazmfjyyg pmydk'frsm;u?
ud;k uG,&f mt&Siu f vlom;jzpfvmjcif;[laom t,ltq\ &,fz, G af umif;rIukd
azmfñeT ;f aeayonf/
udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf aorsdK;r[kwf? vlom;onf aorsdK;jzpfonf/
toift h aeESihf vlom;bk&m;rjzpfEikd ?f qdv
k okd nfrmS vlom;jzpfygvsuf aorsKd ;
r[kw?f raoEdik af om bk&m;tjzpf wpfcsed w f nf;rSm oD;jcm;&yfwnf&adS eonfrmS
rjzpfEdkifyg/ ,if;odkYjzpfaejcif;rSm t"dyÜm,fr&Sdyg/ bk&m;wGif ]tpjyKjcif;}
r&SdEdkifaomfvnf; vlom;wGif ol\]tp}onf &Sad eayonf/ toift h aeESihf
tpr&Sad omyk*K¾d vEf iS hf tp&Sad om yk*¾dKvfwpfNydKifeufrjzpfEdkifyg/ vlom;wGif
tqHk;&Sdonf/ toifhtaeESifh]tqHk;}&SdaomolESifh ]tqHk;}r&Sdaomol wpfNydKif
eufrjzpfEikd yf g/ þodYk qefu
Y sib f ufoabmaqmifoEl pS Of ;D wGzJ ufí wpfNyKd ief uf
wnf;rSmjzpfEidk jf cif;onf t"dymÜ ,fuif;rJah eyg onf/
vlom;taeESihf ol\toufukd xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smuf&ef tm[m&"mwf
vdt k yfaomfvnf; ud;k uG,&f mt&Sif teEÅprG ;f tm;&Sit f aeESihf wpfpw kH pf&mudk
pm;oH;k í toufukd xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smuf&efrvdyk g/ xdaYk Mumifu h sr;f awmfjrwf
uk&t f mef(6;14)wGif

]]xdt
k &Sijf rwfonf (olwpfyg; wdu
Yk )kd auR;arG;awmfr\
l / xdt
k &Sijf rwfonf
(olwpfyg;\) auR;arG;jcif; udrk u l m; cH&awmfro l nfr[kwaf cs/}}
(uk&t
f mef 6;14)
vlom;taeESihf tdypf uftem;r,lbJ raeEdik af omfvnf; bk&m;taeESihf

tem;,l&ef(0g)tdyfpuftem;,l&ef rvdkay/ teEåpGrf;tm;&Sif\ tdyfpuf
tem;,ljcif;rvdktyfaMumif;udk uk&ftmefusrf;jrwf\ atmufygusrf;ydk'fwGif
avhvmEdik o
f nf/

!" # $ $ %&
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)* !+ ,-./ !+
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xm0&wnf a eawmf r l í owå 0 g taygif ; wd k Y u d k v nf ; ) xd e f ; od r f ;
apmifah &Smuf awmfrl aomt&Sif jzpfawmfr\ l / xdt k &Sijf rwftm; idu k jf rnf;
jcif;onfvnf;aumif;? tdyfpufjcif;onf vnf;aumif; rzdpD;Edkifay/
xdt k &Sijf rwfonfomvQif rd;k aumif;uif pMu0Vmrsm;ESihf urÇmN*dK[fü
&S&d o
dS rQaom (ouf&?dS oufr)hJ t&m0wåK[lorQwdu Yk kd ydik q
f ikd f awmfral om
t&Sijf zpfawmfr\ l /} (uk&t f mef 2;255)
tjcm;vlom;wpfOD;tm;
ud;k uG,jf cif;onftusKd ;r&Sd
bk&m;onf vlom;jzpfvmjcif;[laomt,ltqonf vufcEH ikd b f ,
G &f m
r&Sd[k uREfkyfwkdY,lqvQif bk&m;ppf?bk&m;rSefjzpfonfh ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif
tv’m[f}rSvGJí tjcm;aomvlom;wpfOD;OD;udk udk;uG,fjcif;onfvnf;
t"dymÜ ,frahJ omvky&f yfjzpfonf[al omtcsuu f v kd nf; uREykf w f v
Ydk ufco H abmwl
oifhygonf/ tu,fí]bk&m;}onf vlom;toGifajymif;vmvQif? olonf
rdrdudk,fudk]bk&m;}tjzpfrS&yfpJNyD; vlom; t&nftcsif;tm;vHk;ydkifqdkif&ef
vdktyfvmavonf/ Oyrm-tvGefxl;cRefaom ygarmu©BuD;wpfOD;onf
tufq;D 'ifw h pfcak Mumifh tpm;xd;k ír&Edik af om rSwÓ f Pfaysmufq;kH oGm;onfh
tjzpfq;dk BuKH rnfqv kd Qi?f oufqikd &f mbmom&yfEiS yhf wfoufí qnf;yl;aeaom
ausmif;ol?ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf olx Y wH iG f qufvufNy;D oif,q l nf;yl;aeygu
t"dymÜ ,frahJ om ½l;oGyrf I jzpfaeayrnf/
xdtYk jyif tu,fí]bk&m;}onf vlom;toGiaf qmifygu? xdt k oGiaf qmif
cJh&aom vlom;onf aemifwGifbk&m; rjzpfEdkif/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf
t"d y Ü m ,f o wf r S w f c suf t & vl o m;onf bk & m;jzpf E d k i f a ompG r f ; &nf u d k
rydkifqkdifxm;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh vltoGif&Sdaombk&m;udk
ukd;uG,fjcif;onf ,kwdårwefaom tawG;tac: rSm;,Gif;rIjzpfí bk&m;tm;
yH k y ef ; oP² m ef r sd K ;pH k a zmf í jyKvk y f u d k ; uG , f j cif ; onf v nf ; rES p f N rd K UbG , f
aumif;ygonf/
þonfyifvQif usr;f jrwfu&k t
f mefwiG f ewfb&k m; uk;d uG,jf cif;trsK;d rsKd ;udk
qefYusif&efa[mMum;xm;&aom taMumif;t&if;jzpfonf/ atmufazmfjyyg
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ usrf;ydk'fawmfwGif? ½kyfyGm;? ½kyfxkrsm;onf tv’m[fESifh
vm;vm;rQrtyfpyfaMumif;azmfjyxm;onf/

]]xd k t &S i f j rwf E S i f h w l a om (tzef q if ; cH ) [l í um; rnf o nf h
wpfpw kH pf&mrQyifr&S/d }} (uk&t f mef 42;11)
udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf
bk&m;rqefaomtjyKtrlujkd yKrnfr[kwf
udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ yuwd*kPf&nfawmfrsm;rSm w&m;rQwjcif;? oem;
Muifemjcif;ESihf opömw&m;? trSew f &m;rsm; jzpfav&m? bk&m;ppf? bk&m;rSe[
f l
onf raumif;rItaygif;udk ydwfyifuefYowfavonf/ bk&m;onf bk&m;
rqefaom tjyKtrlrsKd ;jyK&ef b,faomtcgrQ BupH nfr&I rdS nfr[kw/f xdYk aMumifh
bk&m;onfvdrfvnfajymqdkjcif;? w&m;rQwrIr&Sdjcif;? trSm;,Gif;jyKvkyfrdjcif;?
arhrSm;jcif;paom vlom;\tm;enf;csufrsm;uJhodkY jyKvkyfrnfr[kwf/ xdkenf;
wlpGm? w&m;rQwrIr&Sdjcif;udk vkyfvdkuvkyfEdkifaomfvnf;? xdkodkYjyKrljcif;onf
bk&m;rqefaomvky&f yfjzpfjcif;aMumif?h bk&m;ppf?bk&m;rSeof nf b,faomtcgrQ
jyKrnfr[kw/f
xdaYk Mumifh usr;f jrwfu&k t
f mefwiG f

]]trS e f p if p pf tv’ m [f t &S i f j rwf o nf jrLrI e f c ef Y r Q rawmfrw&m;

jyKawmfrrl nfr[kwaf y/}} (uk&ftmef4;40)
ud;k uG,&f mt&Sio f nf rw&m;rIukd rdrt d vdq k E´&v dS Qif vkyEf ikd af omfvnf;?
b,faomtcgrQvyk rf nfr[kw?f xdo k Ykd vkyv
f ukd o
f nfEiS hf olonfb&k m;tjzpfrS
&yfqikd ;f oGm;rnf jzpfonf/
ud;k uG,&f mt&Siof nf
trSm;ukv d yk rf nfr[kwo f vdk arhavsmrh nfvnf;r[kwf
bk&m;(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onf arhavsmhwwfrnfr[kwf? tb,faMumifh
qdak omf arhavsmjh cif;onf bk&m;r[kwaf om tjyKtrljzpfaomaMumifjh zpfonf/
arhavQmjh cif;onf uefo Y wfcf surf sm;&Sad om vlom;\ obm0tm;enf;csuu
f kd
azmfjyaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ xdkenf;wlpGm bk&m;(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onf
trSm;udkusL;vGefrnfr[kwf/ tb,faMumifh qdkaomf trSm;usL;vGefjcif;onf
bk&m;r[kwaf omtjyKtrl jzpfonf/

]](trSepf ifppf) uREfyk \

f t&Sijf rwfonf arSmufrmS ;awmfro
l nfvnf; r[kwf
ay/ arhavsmhawmfro l nf vnf; r[kwaf cs/}} (uk&ftmef 20;52)
bk&m;onf bk&m;qefpmG jyKrlrnf

bk&m;(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)wGif t&mcyfodrf;wkdYudk Edkifeif; vTrf;rdk;awmfrl
aompGrf;tm;&Sdonf/ tpövmrfbmom\bk&m; (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)[lonfh
todonmwGif bk&m;onf (udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf)t&mcyfodrf;udk Edkifeif;
vTr;f rd;k awmfral om t&Sijf zpfonf/
usr;f jrwfu&k tf mef\ rsm;pGmaomae&mrsm;wGif

]]{uefrck s tv’m[ft&Sijf rwfonf t&mcyford ;f wkYd tay:0,f pGr;f aqmif
Edik af wmfral om teEåwefc;kd awmf&iS f wnf;}}
[laom*kPaf wmfukd usr;f jrwfu&k t f mef (2;106?2;109? 2;284? 3;29? 16;77ESihf
35;1) wdw Yk iG f azmfjyxm;ayonf/
xdjYk yif crf;em;xnf0gaomuk&t f mefwiG f azmfjyonfrmS

]tv’m[ft&Sijf rwfonf rdr&d nfp;l awmfral omudpu ö kd NyD;ajrmufatmif
aqmif&u G af wmfral omt&Sijf zpfonf/} (uk&ftmef 85;16)
uREfkyfpdwfxJwGif odjrifqifjcif&rnfrSm tv’m[fonf bk&m;qefaom
tjyKtrludkom &nf&G,fjyKrlwwfNyD;? bk&m; rqefaomtjyKtrludk jyKvkyfrnf
r[kw[ f al omtcsuyf if jzpfonf/
ajrmufjrm;pGmaombmomw&m;rsm;\ tcsdKUaomtcsuf r sm;wG i f ?
ewf b k & m;rsm; ud k ; uG , f j cif ; t,l t qud k wk d u f ½ d k u f a omf v nf ; aumif ; ?
oG,f0dkufíaomfvnf;aumif; ,HkMunfMuonf/ þonf\qdkvdk&if;rSm
bk&m;onfvlom;toGifodkY a&muf&Sdvmjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;wkdY\t,ltq
oabmxm;rSm bk&m;onf tvGefoefYpifrGefjrwfvSaomaMumifh? vlom;wGif
jzpfay:cHpm;&wwfaomtcuftcJrsm;? qif;&Jyifyef;rIrsm;? vdt k yfcsurf sm;ESihf
cHpm;csurf sm;udk owdrjyKEikd af omaMumifh jzpfonf/ xdaYk Mumifh vlom;rsm;twGuf
pnf ; rsOf ; Oya'orsm; owf r S w f & ef b k & m;onf vl o m;toG i f a qmif í
urÇmajray:odYk oufqif;onf/ þodkYvSnfhpm;wwfaom tawG;tac:onf
acwfordkif;tqufquf ra&wGufEdkifatmifrsm;jym;aom vlom;oef;aygif;
rsm;pG m ud k ½l ; oG y f a pcJ h o nf / uREf k y f w d k Y t aeES i f h þjiif ; cH k a 0zef j cif ; ud k
cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmavhvmNyD;? ,if;onf taMumif;w&m;tjzpf &yfwnfoif?h
r&yfwnfoifq h akd om tcsuu f kd a0zefqef;ppfMunfMh uygpd/Yk
zefqif;&Sio f nf
vrf;ñTecf suv f ufppJG mtkyu f kd toifjh yifqifxm;onf
tv’ m [f t &S i f j rwf o nf uREf k y f w d k Y v l o m;rsm;tm; tod Ó Pf E S i f h
usdK;aMumif;qifjcifEdkifaompGrf;tm;udk ay;oem;tyfESif;xm;awmfrl\/ xdk
pG r f ; tm;rsm;jzif h uREf k y f w Y k d vl o m;rsm;onf rd r d w d k Y t wG u f wd u saom
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;jzifh ypönf;ud&d,mwefqmyvmrsm;udk BuHq? wDxGif? zefwD;
xkwfvkyfrIrsm; jyKvkyfcJhMuonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifhqdk&aomf toHzrf;pufrsm;udk
tajrmuftjrm; xkwfvkyfonfqkdygpdkY/ toHzrf;puf xkwfvkyfa&;twGuf
rnfonft h &mu aumif;onfukd od&eftvdikY gS xkwv f yk o f u l ,
kd w
f ikd u
f toHzrf;
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onfrSm xkwfvkyfoltaeESifh ol\xkwfukefESifhywfoufí jynfhpHkaom
todynm&Sdxm;jcif;aMumifh vrf;ñTefvufpGJpmtkkyfudk xkwfvkyfayrnf/
wpfenf;tm;jzifhqdkaomf xdkvrf;ñTefvufpGJpmtkyfu puftwGuf rnfonf
wkuYd v
kd yk &f rnf? rvky&f [laomñTeMf um;rIukd twdtusay;rnfjzpfonf/
tu,fí oifonfvlom;tm; puf,Eå&m;wpfck tjzpf,lqygu?
tv’m[f\½IwfaxG;aom zefqif;rIwpf&yf[kom ,lqEdkifonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\
udk;uG,f&mt&Sif? tv’m[fonf zefqif;&SifjzpfaomaMumifh? vlom;twGuf
rnfonfhwkdYuaumif;onf? rnfonfwdkYu raumif;onfudk od&eftvYdkiSm
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jzpfavonf/
xdtYk jyif tv’m[ft&Sijf rwfonf ol\zefqif;cHrsm;tm;vH;k udk ¤if;wd\ Yk
vky&f yfrsm;ESiyhf wfoufí urÇmw h &m;pD&ifrnfah eY (ud,mrofaeY)wGif ppfaq;rnf
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f ikd f
qif;ouf<ucsv D m&efrvkt d yfacs/ acwfordik ;f tqufqufwGif tv’m[fonf?
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tm; tv’m[f\&plvf (odrYk [kw)f eADwrefawmfrsm;[kac:onf/
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d ef;olrsm;ESihf em;yif;olrsm;
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f MkH unfjcif;
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em;&SdygvQufrMum;aom ]em;yif;rsm;}? rsufaph&SdygvQufESifhrjrifMuaom
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rnf\/ (trSefw&m;udk rjrifvdkMuonfhtwGuf) rsufuef;rsm;vnf;
rnf\/odkYjzpf&m 4if;wkdYonf þokYd (vrf;ñTefw&m;bufodkY) jyefvSnfh
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f mef 2;18)
txufazmfjyyg tm,ofawmfEiS hf tvm;wlowif;ay;csuu f kd or®musr;f \
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aomaMumifh Oyrmaqmifí iga[majym\/}} [Mathew 13:13]
txufazmfjyyg usr;f jrwfu&k t f mef? or®musr;f vm usr;f yd'k Ef iS hf tvm;wl
usr;f yd'k uf v
kd nf; [dEL´ usr;f *ef? &pf*af 0'usr;f wGiaf wGUEdik o
f nf/
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pum;vH;k udk Mum;ygvsufEiS hf trSew
f u,f rMum;Muaomolrsm; &Sad yvdrrhf nf/}}
[Rigveda 10:71:4]
þusrf;*efrsm;rS pm½Ioltm;ajymMum;aeonfrSm? t&mtm;vHk;udk
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aoGznfívrf;vGu J ek o
f rl sm;&Sad Mumif;yifjzpfonf/
ud;k uG,&f mt&Si\ f *kP&f nfawmfrsm;
tvStyqHk; trnfemrawmfrsm;onf tv’m[ft&SifjrwftwGufom
jzpfonf/ usr;f jrwfu&k tf mefwiG f rdeqYf x
kd m;onfrmS

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woMu avuk e f / toif w k d Y o nf rnf o d k Y y if woMuonf jzpf a p
(aumif;jrwfvSayonf/) (tb,faMumifhqdkaomf) xdkt&Sif jrwfü
txl;aumif;jrwfpGmaom emrawmfteEÅ&Sdaeay&m (þemrawmf
ESpyf g;rSmvnf; xdk emrawmfrsm;teuf tjrifjh rwfq;kH emrawmfrsm; yif
jzpfuek )f \/}} (ukeftmef17;110)
tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ vSyaomemrawmfrsm;ESifh ywfoufí tvm;wl
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk usrf;jrwf uk&ftmef\ pl&m[ft,f(vf)ttf&zf
(7;180)? pl&m[fomG [m (20;8)ESihf pl&m[f[&S&f (59;23-24)rsm;wGif awGUEdik af v
onf/
usr;f jrwfu&k t f mefwiG f teEÅprG ;f tm;&Sif tv’m[ft&Sijf rwf\*kPaf wmf
(99)yg;xufrenf;azmfjyxm;NyD;? ¤if;wdkYteuf tjrifhjrwfqHk;*kPfawmfrSm
]tv’m[f} jzpfonf/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif tv’m[ft&Sifudk t&f&[frmef
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aomt&Sif)ESifhtvf[uD;rf (ÓPfawmfteEÅ&Sif) paom*kPfawmfrsm;udk
tjcm;*kPfawmfrsm;xufydkí udk;um;onfudkawGU&\/ toifonf tv’m[f
t&Sifjrwftm; toif BudKufESpfouf&memrawmfudk ac:a0:woEdkifygaomf
vnf;? oifac:a0:woaom tv’m[ftrnfrSm vSyaomemrawmfj zpf
oifyh gonf/ xYt kd jyif xdek mrawmfonf pdwu f ;l ½kyyf w
kH pfcuk kd yH&k yd w
f iG í
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twkr&S?d NyKd ifbufuif;aom*kPaf wmfrsm;jzpfí
ud;k uG,&f mt&Sif wpfO;D wnf;uomydik q f ikd af Mumif;}
(ud;k uG,&f mt&Si)f onf twkr&SNd yKd ib f ufuif;aom *kP&f nfawmfrsm;udk
ydkifqdkifonfomru? teEåpGrf;tm;&Sif\ *kPfawmfwpfckcsif;onfvnf;
xdkt&Siftm;tjcm;t&mrsm;rS cGJjcm;Edkifatmif jynfhpHkvSayonf/ uREfkyfonf
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xif&Sm;aomyk*¾dKvfrsm;teuf tzufzufrSjynfhpHkaom? tmumo,mOfrSL;
eD;vftrfpxa&mif;udk Oyrmtjzpfa&G;cs,o f nfqykd gpd/Yk
tu,fí wpfpHkwpfa,mufrS eD;vftrfpxa&mif;onf tar&duef
vlrsdK;wpfOD;jzpfonf[kqdkygu þtcsufrSmrSefaomfvnf; tar&duefvlrsdK;
jzpfjcif;[laom t&nftaoG;onf olYudktjcm;tar&duefvlrsdK;rsm;rS cGJjcm;
azmfjyEdik pf rG ;f r&Sad y/ tvm;wlyif eD;vftrfpxa&mif;onf tmumo,mOfrLS ;
jzpfjcif;onf eD;vftrfpxa&mif;udk oD;jcm;azmfxkwfEdkifjcif;r&Sdyg/ xdkYaMumifh
vlyk*d¾KvfwpfOD;udk oD;oefYcGJjcm;jyEdkif&efrSm uREfkyfwdkYtaeESifh tjcm;olrsm;ESifh
rwlaom xdo k \l *kP?f t&nftaoG;rsm;udk &SmazGazmfxw k &f efvt
kd yfygonf/
Oyrm- eD;vftrfpxa&mif;onf vurÇmwGif yxrOD;qHk;ajccsEdkifcJhaom
vlom;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh wpfpHkwpfa,mufu rnfolonf yxrOD;qHk;
vay:wGif ajccsEdkifcJhygoenf;[kqdkvQif tajzonf wpfOD;wpfa,mufwnf;
omjzpfonfh eD;vftrf;pxa&mif; jzpfonf/ xdek nf;wlpmG ? teEÅprG ;f tm;&Si\ f
*kPaf wmfrsm;onfvnf; oD;oef&Y adS om twkr&S?d NyKd ib f ufuif;aom*kPaf wmf
rsm;&Sdoifhygonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh pMu0VmteEåudk zefqif;jyKvkyfawmfrlaom
zefqif;&Sif? tu,fí uREfkyfu taqmuftOD;\ zefqif;&Sif? zefwD;&Sif
[kqv kd u
kd v f Qi?f ¤if;azmfjycsuo f nf rSev f nf;rSe?f jzpfvnf;jzpfEikd yf gonf/odaYk omf
twkr&S?d NyKd ib f ufuif;aomfum;r&S/d axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom vlom;rsm;onf
taqmuftOD;udk wnfaqmufEdkifonf/ þodkYqdkvQif vlom;ESifh udk;uG,f&m
t&SiMf um;wGif uGjJ ym;jcm;em;rIr&Sd jzpfomG ;rnf/ odaYk omf tv’m[ft&Sijf rwf\
*k P f a wmf w pf c k c sif ; onf tjcm;ouf & S d o uf r J h t &mcyf o d r f ; ES i f h r qd k i f ?
tv’m[fwpfyg;wnf;udo k m azmfñeT ;f Edik af om*kPaf wmfrsm;jzpfMuonf/
Oyrmtm;jzifh
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h ½kPmawmf&iS f
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xdkYaMumifh wpfpHkwpfa,mufu ]t&f&[D;rf} qdkolrSm rnfolenf;[k
ar;vmvQif twdkif;tqrJh oem;Muifemawmfrlq;kH aomt&Sif [lonft h ajz
wpfco
k m&Sod nf/ þ*kPaf wmf&iS fonf teEÅpGrf;tm;&Sif tv’m[ft&SifrSvGJí
rnfowl pfO;D wpfa,mufEiS rhf Q rxdu
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JG efu
Y sirf rI &So
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wpfa,mufu eD;vftrfpxa&mif;onf t&yfav;ayom&Sdaom tar&duef
tmumo,mOfrLS ;wpfO;D jzpfonf[q k v
kd mygu? tar&duef tmumo,mOfrLS ;
onf rSefuefaomfvnf;? ¤if;ESifhwGJzufíazmfjyaom (av;ayomjrifhonf)
[laomtcsufrSmrSm;onf/ tvm;wlyif wpfpHkwpfa,mufu ]bk&m;}onf
pMu0VmteEÅudk jyKvkyfzefqif;awmfrlaom zefqif;&SifjzpfNyD;? acgif;wpfvHk;?
ajcaxmuf ESpfacsmif;? vufESpfzufponfwdkY&Sdonf[kajymvmcJhaomf?
yxr*kP&f nfjzpfonfh pMu0Vmudzk efqif;ol[al om *kPaf wmfrmS rSeaf omfvnf;?
¤if;ESihfwGJzufazmfjyaom t&nftaoG;jzpfonfh vlom;\toGifonf
rrSeu
f efEikd af tmif vH;k 0rSm;,Gi;f aeayonf/
tm;vH;k aom*kPaf wmfrsm;onf

wpfqw l nf;aom xm0&bk&m; (ud;k uG,&f mt&Si)f udo k m ñTejf yoifjh cif;
udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf wpfqlwnf;&Sdjcif;aMumifh? *kPfawmftm;vHk;onf
xd k t &S i f w pf y g;wnf ; twG u f o m jzpf o if h o nf / ajym&rnf q d k v Qif
eD;vftrfpxa&mif;onf? vurÇmay:odkY yxrOD;qHk;ajccsaom tar&duef
tmumo,mOfrLS ;jzpfonf[q k vkd Qi?f þodaYk om t&nftcsi;f udk ydik q
f ikd af om
olonf 'kw, d jzpfaomtuf'iG t f ,fv'f &if jzpfonf[q k v
kd Qif rSm;,Gi;f ayrnf/
tb,faMumifhqdkaomf xdkyk*d¾KvfESpfOD;pvHk;wGif oD;jcm;t&nftaoG;rsm;
ydik q
f ikd x
f m;jcif;aMumifjh zpfonf/tvm;wlyif zefqif;&Sio f nf bk&m;wpfqjl zpfí
c&pf&Semonf tjcm;aombk&m;wpfql[kqdkygu qifjcifpOf;pm;&eftwGuf
qefu Y siaf omoabmaqmifaeayrnf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf tm;vHk;aom
*kPaf wmfrsm;udak ygif;pyfíydik qf ikd af wmfral omt&Sio
f nf wpfqw l nf;aombk&m;
omjzpfoifah omaMumifh jzpfonf/
xm0&bk&m;ocif(ud;k uG,&f mt&Si)f onf
wpfyg;wnf;jzpfjcif;
tcsdKUaomA[kemx0g'D (wpfyg;ruaomewfbk&m;rsm;udk udk;uG,fol
rsm;)u? bk&m;(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onf wpfqlxufydkí wnf&Sdaejcif;onf
,kwdåwefaom taMumif;w&m;jzpfonf[k jiif;cHkaeMuygonf/ xdkolrsm;
udkaxmufjy&rnfqdkvQif tu,fí wpfqlwnf;aombk&m;xuf bk&m;rsm;
ydkí&SdonfqdkvQif?bk&m;wdkif;u ¤if;wkdYtoD;oD;\qEúdk jznfhpGuf&ef
BudK;pm;MuvQif wpfyg;\qEúdk wpfyg;uqefYusifrdMuí wpfyg;ESifhwpfyg;
y#dyu©jzpfEikd yf gonf/þodaYk om jzpf&yfrsm;udk A[kemx0g'ESihf bmomw&m;
toD;oD;rS bk&m;rsm;udk todtrSwjf yKu;kd uG,af om0g'rsm;\ '@m&DyjkH yifrsm;
wGif awGUEdik yf gonf/ tu,fí bk&m;wpfqo l nf tjcm;bk&m;rsm;\ atmifEikd rf I
udkcH&aomtcg? (odkY) tjcm;bk&m;rsm;udk ratmifEdkifaomtcgrsdK;wGif
xdkbk&m;onf bk&m;ppf? bk&m;rSefr[kwfawmhay/ xdkYjyif A[kemx0g' ac:
wpfyg;ruaom ewfb&k m;rsm;udk ud;k uG,af omolrsm;tMum;wGif xif&mS ;aom
t,ltqwpf&yfrSm? ewfbk&m;rsm;wGif toD;oD;aomwm0ef0wå&m;rsm;
&Sdonf[laom t,ltqjzpfonf/ bk&m;wkdif;onf vlom;rsm;wnf&SdaerI
twGuf wm0ef&Sdayonf/ Oyrm-aebk&m;? rdk;bk&m;ponfwkdYjzpfonf/
þt"d y Ü m ,f r S m ? tcsd K Uaomvk y f & yf r sm;twG u f bk & m;wpf y g;wnf ; ES i f h
rvHak vmufaomoabmjzpfNy;D ? xdb k &k m;onf tjcm;aombk&m;rsm;\wm0ef?
0wå&m;rsm;udkvnf; vspfvsL½I&ma&mufovdk? rpGrf;aqmifEdkif&mvnf;a&muf
ayonf/ xdaYk Mumifh bk&m;(ud;k uG,&f mt&Si)f onf wpfyg;xufyí kd &Sad eygu
½IwfaxG;rI? y&rf;ywmjzpfrIESifh? tpDtpOfrusrIrsm; avmuwGifay:aygufNyD;
pMu0VmBuD ; ysuf o k e f ; oG m ;ayrnf jzpfonf/odkYaomfpMu0VmBuD;onf
jynfph akH omo[ZmwnDrQrI twGi;f ,aeYxufwikd &f adS eygonf/
usr;f jrwfu&k t
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tv’m[ft&Sijf rwftjyif tjcm; ud;k uG,&f mrsm; &Scd MhJ uygrl (rd;k aumif;
uifrsm;ESihf urÇm N*dK[f)ESpcf pk vH;k rSm rvG{J uef ysufp;D cJNh yD; jzpfMuay rnf/
pifppfaomfum; ]t&f&Sf}yv’ifawmfudk pdk;ydkifawmfrlaom tv’m[f
t&Sijf rwfonf 4if;wdBYk uzH efpyG pf MJG uonf wdYk rS(t<uif;rJ)h pifMu,f oef&Y iS ;f
tjypfuif;awmfr\ l /}} (usrf;jrwfu&k t f mef 21;22)
tu,fíom udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf wpfqlxufydkí&Sdygu? ¤if;wdkY
zefqif;xm;aomt&mrsm;udk ¤if;wdzYk mom ,laqmifomG ;Murnfomjzpfonf/
xdaYk Mumifh usr;f jrwfu&k t f mefwiG f atmufygtwdik ;f azmfjyxm;ayrnf/

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a&G;cs,fjyKvkyf xm;awmf rlonf r[kwaf y/ xdek nf;wlpmG xdt k &SiEf iS t
fh wl
ud;k uG,&f m [lívnf;(tjcm;)wpfO;D wpfa,mufrQyif tvsOf; r&Sd acs/
od&Yk cdS yhJ grl ud;k uG,&f mwdik ;f onf rdrzd efqif; xm;aom t&mcyford ;f wdu Yk kd
trSeyf ifac:aqmifí xGuo f mG ;cJrh nfomru?xdu k ;kd uG,&f mwdt Yk eufwpf
OD;onfwpfO;D \ tay:ürkcsvTr;f rd;k rnfom/tv’m[f t&Sijf rwfonf
4if;wkdYBuHzefpGyfpGJ ajymqdkMuukefaom taMumif;? udpö wdkYrS vHk;0pifMu,f
oef&Y iS ;f awmfr\ l }} (usrf;jrwfu&k t f mef 23;91)
xdkYaMumifh ppfrSefaom? jrifhjrwfaom? tiftm;BuD;aom? wpfyg;wnf;
wnf&adS wmfrjl cif;onfomvQif ]ud;k uG,&f mt&Si}f \,kww åd efaomtodonm
omjzpfonf/ Ak'¨bmomESifh? uGef;jzL;½Syf0g'wdkYuJhodkY zefqif;&Sif&SdrIudk
oH o ,&S d a ombmomw&m;tcsd K Uvnf ; &S d a yonf / xd k b momrsm;onf
ud;k uG,&f mzefqif;&Si(f God)&Sjd cif;ESihf ywfoufí? axmufccH suf ? jiif;y,fcsuf
wpfpw kH pf&mrjyKyg/ zefqif;&Sib f &k m;&Sjd cif;ESiyhf wfoufí cdik rf mrIudk qef;ppf&ef
vnf;rBuKd ;pm;? jiif;y,frv I nf;rjyKMuacs/ tjcm;aombmomw&m;rsm;? Oyrm-
*sdef;0g'uJhodkYaombk&m;rJhrsm;onf (God) udk;uG,f&mt&Sif wnf&Sdjcif;udk
r,HMk unfMuacs/
tv’m[ft&Sijf rwf tvdw k yl gvQif uREykf o f nf ]uk&t f mefonf ud;k uG,&f m
t&Si\ f vrf;ñTepf um;awmfrsm; jzpfovm;/}[laompmtkyu f kd xkwaf 0ygrnf/
þpmtkyfudkxkwfa0jzpfygu (csD;rGrf;jcif;taygif;wdkYonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf
twGufomjzpfonf/) bk&m;rJh0g'Drsm;? bk&m; (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)wnf&SdrIudk
oHo,xm;olrsm;tm; taMumif; tusKd ;cdik v f pkH mG ,kwaåd A'enf;?odyeHÜ nf;wdjYk zifh
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefudk cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmavhvmNyD;? tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf&SdaerIudk
oufaojyEdik rf nfjzpfygonf/
tm;vH;k aombmomw&m;rsm;onftqH;k wGif

wpfyg;wnf;aom]ud;k uG,&f mt&Si}f tm;,HMk unfMujcif;
tm;vH;k aombmomw&m;rsm;onf? tqH;k wGif bk&m; (ud;k uG,&f mt&Si)f
wnf&SdaerIudk ,HkMunfMuav&m? tqifhjrifhaomtydkif;wGif? wpfqlwnf;
aombk&m;(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)udk ,HkMunfMuavonf/ tm;vHk;aombmom
w&m;rsm;\ usrf;*efrsm;u trSefwpfu,fyif? wpfqlwnf;aom bk&m;udk
,HkMunf&ef ajymxm;avonf/ wpfenf;qdkaomf tppftrSefjzpfaom
wpfyg;wnf;aomt&Siu f kd ud;k uG,&f ef tqdjk yKxm;avonf/
vlom;wkUd u¤if;wdtYk usKd ;twGuf

pmayusr;f *efrsm;udk jyKjyifMujcif;
tcsdefumv Mumanmif;vmonfESifhtrQ (urÇm\ordkif;pOft&)?
rsm;pGmaombmomw&m;rsm;\ pmayusrf;*efrsm;onf ,dk,Gif;vmcJhonf
vnf;&Sd\/ wpfzefvlom;rsm;u ¤if;wdkYtusdK;twGuf jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm;
vnf;&Sd\/ xdkYaMumifh rsm;pGmaombmomw&m;rsm;\ ,HkMunfcsufrsm;onf
,d,
k iG ;f ysupf ;D vmNy;D wpfqw l nf;aombk&m;udk uk;d uG,af om0g'rS? A[kemx0g'
(wpfyg;ruaomewfbk&m;rsm;udkukd;uG,frI)ESifh bmomw&m;toD;oD;rS
bk&m;rsm;udk todtrSwjf yK ud;k uG,af om0g' (od)Yk obm0avmuwGi&f adS om
t&mcyford ;f udk bk&m;tjzpfu;kd uG,rf 0I g'rsm;odYk a&GUvsm;ajymif;vJomG ;cJ\
h /
xdaYk Mumifu h sr;f jrwfu&k t
f mefwiG f

!"# $% &
%$ ' ' ( )
* +, ! %$ & .
- /"0 -+ 1 '23
/ 1 4"
5
+, !
]]odkYjzpfí usrf;*efrsm;udk rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkif rdrdwdkYvufjzifh pD&ifa&;om;NyD;

tenf;i,frQ aomtzdk;tcjzifh vJvS,fa&mif;cs(pm;oHk;)&ef tvdkYiSm?
þusrf;*efonfum; tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf txHawmfrS (xkwfjyef
ydkYcsawmfrlaom w&m; a'oemawmfusrf;*ef) wnf;[lí (vdrfvnf)
ajymqdkMuolwdkYonf ysufqD;Mu&ukefvwåH/ wzef,if;olwdkYonf rdrd
ud, k wf ikd rf rd w
d v
Ykd ufjzifh (r[kwrf rSe)f a&;om;cJjh cif;aMumifv
h nf;aumif;?
(rjyKxdkufrjyKtyfaomenf;rsdK;jzifh Opömypönf;) &SmazGjcif;aMumifhvnf;
aumif;? ysufp;D Mu&vdrhf rnf}}/ usrf;jrwfu&k t f mef(2;79)
aomif[;D 'f\t"dymÜ ,fziG qhf ckd suEf iS t

fh rsKd ;tpm;rsm;
tpövmrfonfaomif[D;'fudk,HkMunfonf/ þaomif[D;'fopömw&m;
onf wpfqlwnf;aombk&m; (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)udk ,HkMunfjcif;xufom
vG e f y gonf / ]aomif [ D ; 'f } [l a ompum;vk H ; rS m pmayt"d y Ü m ,f t &
]wpfaygif;wnf;jzpfjcif;}[kjzpfNyD; ]xdkudk;uG,f&mt&Sifwpfyg;wnf;&SdaMumif;?
tcdik t f rm,HMk unfajymqdjk cif;} yifjzpfonf/
aomif[D;'fonftm&ADpum;vkH; ‚º nû uôçû iø ‚öu( çø mö ‚øu$ æø rSqif;oufvmNyD;
t"dyÜm,frSm ]aygif;pnf;jcif;? pnf;vHk;jcif; (odkYr[kwf) uspfvspfcdkifrmjcif;}
wdjYk zpfonf/ ]aomif[;D 'f}udk trsKd ;tpm;(3)ck cGjJ cm;Edik yf gonf/¤if;wdrYk mS -
(1) aomif[;D 'vf½Ak Al ,
D [f
(2) aomif[;D 'vf tvf-twfprf mtk0qGqf zdG gof
(3) aomif[D;'vftkvk[D;,[f(odkY) aomif[;D 'vftAd m'[f
(1) aomif[;D '&f½Al Al , D [f (zefqif;xde;f odr;f rIü]wpf}jzpfjcif;)

aomif[D;'ftrsdK;tpm;xJrS? yxrOD;qHk;trsdK;tpm;rSm ]aomif[D;'&f
½lAAl ,
D [f}jzpfonf/ ½lAAl , D [fonfr&l if;tm&ADpum;vk;H ] &Af }rSqif;oufvmNy;D ?
]&Af}\ t"dymÜ ,frmS ]t&Sio f cif? xde;f odr;f apmifah &SmufoEl iS hf cspcf ifjrwfE;kd ol}
[laom t"dyÜm,frsm;&Sdonf/
xdaYk Mumifh ]aomif[;D '&f½Al Al , D [f}[lonf zefqif; xde;f odr;f apmifah &Smuf
&mt&Sif wpfyg;wnf;jzpfjcif;udk xdef;odrf;jcif;jzpfonf/ þaomif[D;'f
trsdK;tpm;rSm tv’m[f t&Sifjrwfwpfyg;wnf;uomvQif bmrQr&Sdaom
tajctaerS t&mcyford ;f jzpfay:wnf&adS patmif jzpfapjcif;[laom tajccH
todonmay:wGif tajccHxm;\/ wpfpHkwpf&mrQ vHk;0r&Sdao;aom
tajctaerS t&mcyfodrf;wdkYudkzefqif;onf (odkY) tpjyKjzpfay:aponf/
xdtk &Siwf pfyg;wnf;omvQif (Ny;D jynfph akH ompMu0VmBu;D ESihf ¤if;pMu0VmtwGi;f &Sd
t&mrsm;tm;vHk;udk) zefqif;&Sif? jyKpk ysdK;axmifawmfrlaomt&Sif? xdef;odrf;
apmifha&Smufawmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfonf/ þodkYpMu0VmESifh pMu0VmtwGif;&Sd
ouf&?dS oufrchJ yford ;f wdu
Yk kd jyKpyk sKd ;axmifxed ;f odr;f &mwGif xdt
k &Sit
f wGuf vdt k yf
csufwpfpHkwpf&mr&Sdovdk xdkt&SiftwGufvnf; rnfodkYrQ toHk;0if vdkvm;
awmifw h tyfonfr[kw/f
(2)aomif[;D 'vf twfprf mtf0qGq
f zDG gof (tv’m[f\emrawmfEiS *hf P
k &f nfawmfrsm;
\wpfaygif;wnf;jzpfjcif;oabmudk xdef;odrf;jcif;)
aomif[;D 'f\'kw,d trsKd ;tpm;rSm]aomif[;D 'vf twfprf mtf0qGq f zDG gof}
jzpf N yD ; ? ¤if ; \teuf t "d y Ü g ,f r S m tv’ m [f t &S i f j rwf \ emrawmf r sm;?
*kP&f nfawmfrsm;\ wpfaygif;wnf;jzpfjcif;? ({uefoabm)udk xde;f odr;f jcif;[k
t"dygÜ ,f&onf/ aomif[;D 'fukd (5)rsKd ;cGjJ cm;Edik o
f nf/
(1) tv’m[ft&Sijf rwftm; &nfñeT ;f azmfjy&mwGi?f xdt k &Sif ud, k af wmfwikd Ef iS hf
xdtk &Si\ f wrefawmfrsm;\azmfjycsurf sm;twdik ;f &nfñeT ;f azmfjyoifjh cif;/
tv’m[ft&Sijf rwfu&kd nfñeT ;f ajymqd&k mwGi?f xdt k &Sif ud,k af wmfwikd Ef iS hf
xdkt&Sif\wrefawmfrsm;u azmfjyonfhenf;twdkif;om owfrSwfac:a0:
oifyh gonf/ þuJo h Ykd ac:a0:Mu&m0,f? xdt k &Si\
f emrawmfrsm;\ xif&mS ;aom
teuf t "d y Ü m ,f r sm;rS v G J í rnf o nf h t rnf e mrrsm;? *k P f a wmf r sm;jzif h
½Si;f vif;jyojcif;rjyKbJ rl&if;teuft"dymÜ ,ftwdik ;f om azmfjyoifyh gonf/
(2) tv’m[ft&Sijf rwftm; &nfñeT ;f ac:qk&d mü xdt k &Sijf rwf ud,
k af wmfwikd uf
rdrud ,kd u
f rkd rd &d nfñeT ;f onfth wkid ;f ac:a0:&ygrnf/
tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfudk &nfñTef;wo&mwGif trnfemrawmftopf?
*kPfawmftopfrsm;ay;í r&nfñTef;? rw, ooifhyg/ Oyrm-tv’m[f
t&Sijf rwfonf u½kPmuif;a0;jcif;&Sw d wfonfrmS rSeaf omfvnf; tv’m[f\
trnfemrawmftm; (tvf*g'GdAf) (a'goBuD;awmfrlaomt&Sif) [laom
trnfemrrsdK; ray;oifhyg/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf
udk,fawmfwkdifESifh xdkt&Sif\wrefawmfrsm;uyg xdkuJhodkYaom trnf
emrawmfrsKd ;udk toH;k jyKb;l onfr&Scd ahJ omaMumifh jzpfygonf/
(3) tv’ m [f t &S i f j rwf t m; ¤if ; ud k , f a wmf w d k i f j yKvk y f zef q if ; xm;

aomt&mrsm;ESifhvnf;aumif;? *kPft&nftaoG;rsm;ESifhvnf;aumif;?
trnfwwfac:a0:wojcif; rjyKtyfyg/
udk;uG,f&mt&Siftv’m[ftm; &nfñTef;worItwGuf xdkt&Sifu
zefqif;awmfrlcJhonfh tzefqif;cHrsm;\ t&nftaoG;rsm;ESifh trnf
rSnahf c:worIupd tö m; uREykf w
f Ydk taeESihf wif;wif;usyu f syf a&SmifMuOf&ygrnf/
Oyrm-or®musrf;pmwGif bk&m;(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onf vlom;rsm;u olwdkY\
trdkuf?trSm;rsm;udkjyKvkyfNyD; aemifw&ouJhodkY bk&m;uvnf; ol\rSm;,Gif;
aomtawG ; tac:? tBuH t pnf r sm;vk y f & ef t wG u f a emif w &onf [ k
o½kyfaqmifjyxm;jcif;rsdK;udk vufrcHyg/ þodkY vlom;\vkyf&yfudk bk&m;
twGufoHk;EIef;jcif;onf aomif[D;'f\oabmw&m;udk oGifoGifBuD;qefYusif
aeayonf/ (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onf aemifw&p&m taMumif;vnf;r&Sd/
rnfonfh trSm;t,Gi;f udrk Qvnf; usL;vGe&f eftaMumif;r&Sad cs/
tv’m[ft&Sijf rwf\*kPaf wmfrsm;ESiyhf wfoufaom t"duoabmw&m;
rsm;udk usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ pl&m[f ½Id&mwGif atmufygtwdkif; azmfjyxm;
ayonf/
]]xdt
k &Sijf rwfEiS w
hf al omt&m[líum; rnfonfh wpfpkH wpf&mrQyif r&SNd y/D
xdkt&Sifjrwfonfyif t<uif;rJhMum;awmfrlaomt&Sif? t<uif;rJh
jrifawmfral om t&Sijf zpf\}} (usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef 42;11)
jrifjcif;ESifhMum;jcif;onf vlom;\ t&nftaoG;jzpfaomfvnf;?
udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\*kPfawmftjzpf oHk;pGJaomtcgwGif? ¤if;wdkY\wkEdIif;rJh
jynfph rkH oI abmw&m;aMumifh vlom;rsm;Mum;jcif;?jrifjcif;ESihf rwlEikd yf g/ vlom;wGif
¤if;wk\ Yd tjrifEiS hf tMum;tm½Hw k w
Ykd iG u
f efo
Y wfcsurf sm;&Sd aeaomaMumifh jrifEikd ?f
Mum;Edik zf &Ykd m vlom;twGuf em;rsm;? rsuaf phrsm;tp&So d nfwYkd vdt k yfaomfvnf;
udk;uG,f&mt&Sif tv’m[ft&SifjrwftwGufum; em;? rsufaphpaomt*Fg&yf
rsm;rvdt k yfyg/
(4) vlom;tm;trnfrSnfhac:&mwGif (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)\ *kPf&nfawmf
rsm;udk ray;oifhjcif;
vlom;tm; ud;k uG,&f mt&Si\ f *kP&f nfawmfrsm;jzifh trnfrn S ahf c:jcif;
onfvnf; ]aomif[D;'foabmw&m;} ESifhqefYusifaeygonf/ Oyrm-vlom;
wpfO;D tm;tpvnf;r&S?d tqH;k vnf;r&S]d xm0&wnfaejcif;}[k trnfrn S ahf c:jcif;
onf aomif[;D 'foabmw&m;ESihf qefu Y siaf eayonf/
(5) zefqif;cHrsm;tm; tv’m[f\trnfemrawmfrsm; sm;ESESihf rrSnahf c:oifjh cif;
tcsdKUaomxl;jcm;onfh trnfemrrsm;tm;? ¤if;wdkY\ rwdusaom
yHkpHjzifh(Oyrm-&tkzf (0g) &[D;rf) ponfwdkYonf omrefvlom;twGufa&m
wrefawmfrsm;twGufyg toHk;jyK cGifh&Sdaomfvnf;? t&f-&tkzf (bmoma&;
tudik ;f ½Iid ;f qH;k ol)ESihf t&f-&[D;rf (oem;MuifemqH;k yk*Kd¾ v)f ponfh trnfemrrsm;
udkum; ray;oifhay/ xdktrnfemrrsm;a&SUwGif a&SUqufpum;vHk; tAf'k&f
(aus;uRef (odkY) tapcH) udkwyfí -tAf'k&f &tkzf? tAf'k&f&[D;rf ponfwdkY
tjzpfomac:tyfonf/
(*) aomif[;D 'vftv l [l ;D ,[f (odkY)aomif[D;'vftdAm'[f
(udk;uG,fjcif;cHxdkufrIwGifwpfyg;wnf;jzpfaMumif;udkxdef;odrf;jcif;)
(1) tdAm'[f\ teuft"dygÜ ,f
aomif [ D ; 'vf t d A m'[f o nf ud k ; uG , f q nf ; uyf j cif ; cH x d k u f r I w G i f
wpfyg;wnf;wnf&adS Mumif;udk xde;f odr;f jcif; jzpfonf/ ]tdAm'[f}onf tm&AD
pum;vHk; ]tA'}rS qif;oufvmNyD; ]aus;uRef (odkY) 0efxrf; (odkY) wm0efxrf;
aqmifo}l [k t"dygÜ ,f&onf/ xdaYk Mumifh tdAm'[fonf ,HMk unfu;kd uG,rf w I iG f
olYuRef (odkY) emcHb0wnfaqmufjcif;jzpfonf/ qGvm;ofonf tdAm'[f
jyKjcif;twGuf tjrifhqHk; yHkoP²mefwpfckjzpfonf/ qGvm;ofonf tv’m[f
t&Sifjrwftm; 0wfjyKqnf;uyfjcif;jzpfNyD;? ¤if;wpfckwnf;u tdAm'[f
r[kwfyg/ rsm;pGmaom rGwfpvifrfrsm;onf? yHkrSef0wfjyKaom qGvm;ofrsm;
wnfaqmuf½Hkjzifh teEÅpGrf;tm;&Sif tv’m[ft&Sifjrwftm; ]tdAm'[f}
jyKvyk &f ma&mufonf[k vGrJ mS ;pGmem;vnfaeMuayonf/ trSepf ifppf tpövmrfu
vufcx H m;aom0wfjyKqak wmif;jcif;[laom todonmrSm tv’m[ft&Sijf rwf
tm;vH;k 0½du k sKd ;í trdeeYf mcHjcif;?vdu
k ef mjcif;? wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;wdkY tusHK;
0ifonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifhqdkaomf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ ynwfcsufrsm;udk
vd k u f e mjcif ; tv’ m [f w m;jrpf x m;aomt&mrsm;rS a&S m if & S m ;jcif ; onf
]tdAm'[f}(emcHb0wnfaqmufjcif;)rnfí þodkY jyKvkyfaom tdAm'[frsm;
onfvnf; tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf wpfyg;wnf;udkom &nf&G,fíjyKvkyfjcif;
jzpfonf/
(2) txufazmfjyyg aomif[;D 'fo;kH rsKd ;oH;k pm;pvH;k udk wpfNyKd ief uf vdu k ef m&ef
vdt k yfygonf/
aomif[D;'ftrsdK;tpm; yxrESpfckudkom,HkMunfNyD;? aomif[D;'vf
tdAm'[fudk vufawGUtaumiftxnfrazmfygu vHk;0toHk;0ifrnfr[kwf/
usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif ]rk&fS&pfuf}rsm; (wrefawmfjrwf vufxufawmfu
½kyfxkudk;uG,folrsm;)u aomif[D;'f yxrtrsdK;tpm;ESpfckESifh ywfoufí
twnfjyKcahJ Mumif;udk atmufygtwdik ;f ñTe;f qdw k ifjyxm;ygonf/
]](td k - eAD w ref a wmf ) toif o nf 4if ; wd k Y t m; þod k Y ajymqd k a r;
jref;Muygav/tcsif;wdkY toifwdkYtm; rdk;aumif; uifrSvnf;aumif;?
urÇmN*Kd [f rSvnf;aumif;? rnforl nf0gpm;eyf&ud m© axmufyahH voenf;/
odkYwnf; r[kwf rnfolonfem;rsm;ESifh rsufpdrsm;udkpdk;ydkifoenf;/
xdkenf;wlpGm rnfolonf ouf&SdudkoufrJhrS xGufapoenf; }}[k ar;jref;
ygav/ xdktcg 4if;wdkYu ]]tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf}} [líyif rkcsajymqdk
ajzMum;Muayrnf/ odkYjzpfay&m toifwdkYonf (wpfpHkwpf&mudk
tv’m[ft&SifjrwfESifh wGJzuf ESdKif;,SOfudk;uG,fjcif;rS) ra&SmifMuOfMu
avoavm}} [kar;jref;ygav/}} (usrf;jrwfu&k t f mef10;31)
tvm;wl tjcm;Oyrmwpfckudk usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef? pl&m[fZkcf½kzfwGif
atmufygtwdik ;f awGUjrifEikd yf gonf/
]]pifppfaomfum; (td-k eADwrefawmf) tu,fí om toifonf i¤ ;f wdt Yk m;

toif w d k Y u d k r nf o l zef q if ; cJ h oenf ; [k pH k p rf ; ar;jref ; cJ h ygvQif
4if;wdkYutv’m[f t&Sifjrwfyif (zefqif;awmfrlcJhonf)[k {uef
rvGJajymqdk(ajzMum;) Muayrnf/ odkYygvQuf 4if;wdkYonf tb,fodkY
(trSew f &m;bufr)S jyefvn S ohf mG ;aeMuyg oenf;/}}
(usrf;jrwfu&k t f mef 43;87)
ruúmNrdKUawmfwGifaexdkifcJhMuaom rk&Sf&D;ufrsm;u tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf

onf olwdkY\zefqif;&Sif?xdef;odrf; apmifha&Smufaomt&Sif? t&Sifocif?
tBu;D tuJjzpfaMumif; ud, k MkH unfMuonf/ odaYk omf xdo k rl sm;onf tv’m[ft&Sif
jrwftjyif tjcm;aombk&m;rsm;udk 0wfjyK&Sdcdk;jcif;aMumifh rGwfpvifrfrsm;
r[kwfMuay/ tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfu xdkolrsm; udk ]umzd&f}(r,HkMunfolrsm;)
[lívnf;aumif;? ]rk&fS&D;ufrsm;} (½kyfxkudk;uG,folrsm;ESifh tv’m[fESifh
wkzufEiId ;f ,SOf uk;kd uG,o
f rl sm;) [lítrsKd ;tpm; cGjJ cm;owfrw S cf o
hJ nf/

]]pifppfaomfum; 4if;wdkYteuf rsm;pGmaom olwdkYonf tv’m[f
t&S i f j rwf t m; wpf p H k w pf & mud k xd k t &S i f j rwf E S i f h wG J z uf E d I i f ; ,S O f
ud;k uG,jf cif;rjyKbJ ouf0if,MkH unfMu onf r[kwaf ywum;/}}
(usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef 12;106)
xdaYk Mumifah omif[;D 'vftAd m'[f(wpfqw l nf;aom udk;uG,f&mt&Sif
(tv’m[f)udk emcHb0wnfaqmufjcif;tm; xde;f odr;f jcif;onf) aomif[;D 'f\
ta&;BuD;aomtpdwftydkif; jzpfonf/xdktv’m[ft&SifonfomvQif emcH
b0wnfaqmuf jcif;udck , H x l u
kd Nf y;D ? xdt
k &Sio
f nfomvQivf o
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c/ &S&D;ufonf tBu;D rm;qH;k aom tjypfjzpfNy;D tv’m[ft&Sijf rwfonf

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tv’m[ft&Sijf rwfEiS hf wGb J ufEidI ;f ,SOf ud;k uG,yf grl xdok o
l nf {uefrvGJ
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t&SifESifh? toifwdkY\t&Sifjzpfawmfrlaom tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfudk yif
c0yfudk;uG,fMuavukef[k ajymqdkcJhavonf/ pifppf{uef rnfolrqdk
(wpfpw kH pf&mud)k tv’m[ft&Sif jrwfEiS hf wGzJ uf(ud;k uG,)f ygvQif? tv’m[f
t&Sijf rwfonf xd(k uJoh aYkd om) ol\tzdYk ]*sEéw}f trwokcbHu k kd rkcs{uef
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c0yfu;kd uG,jf cif;ESiehf mcHwnfaqmufrjI yKvkyo
f ifjh cif;
usr;f jrwfu&k t f mefp&l m[ftm;vdtifr&mefwiG f tv’m[ft&Sijf rwfuokd m
c0yfudk;uG,f? emcHb0wnfaqmufoifhaMumif; atmufygtwdkif; wifjyxm;
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Concept of God in Major Religions

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Concept of God in Major Religions

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urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq

In the Name of Allah,

‫ا   و آ و م   د

csD;rGr;f jcif;taygif;wdo Yk nf tv’m[ft&Sijf rwftzdo Yk m jzpfawmfrl\/

þpmwrf;ygtaMumif;t&mrsm;ESihf ywfoufí tBujH yKvo kd nfjzpfap?

twfpvö mrktvdik ;f uGe;f rf

uREf k y f w k d Y \ acwf r D w k d ; wuf v S y gonf q d k a om þurÇ m BuD ; wG i f

rSwcf su/f aus;Zl;jyKí atmufygtrnfemrrsm;udk awGUaomtcgwdkif;

tv’m[ft&Sijf rwf\ u½kPmawmfjzifh þ ]urÇmt h "du bmomw&m;

¤if;jyif toifwdkYwGif (tMuifodkYaom)tzJGYtpnf;wck&dS&ayrnf/

‫ و ام ل ا 

]](td-k eAD) toifonf(,[l'ED iS hf c&pf,mefwt Ykd m;) ajymMum;ygav?

(4) vlom;taeESifh udk;uG,f&mt&Sifudk wdusaomyHkyef; oP²mefwpfckESifh

                  !

] xd k t &S i f j rwf o nf (owå 0 gtaygif ; ) rjrif E d k i f a omt&mrsm;

[dEL´ a0'EåEiS jhf Am[®ow

Mul-Mantra; ac: qpf (cf) bmom\

]]pifppfaomfum; (rk&Sf&pfuf)vlom;ü ab; tEå&m,f wpfpHkwpf&m

*sL;bmom(,k'0g')wGif vufcx H m;onfh

(1) ]tdk-£oa&vtrsdK;? em;axmifavmh/ igwdkY\bk&m;ocif xm0&bk&m;onf

c&pf,mefbmomwGif vufcx H m;onfh

a,½Ic&pf() tm;apvTwjf cif;

xm0&bk&m;ocif(ud;k uG,&f mt&Si)f u

tpövmrfbmomwGif vufcx H m;aom

(1)(tdk-eADwrefawmf) toifonf ajymMum;ygav/ xdktv’m[f

txufygpl&m[fu@\'kw, d usr;f yd'k v

vlom;taeESihf tdypf uftem;r,lbJ raeEdik af omfvnf; bk&m;taeESihf

]]trS e f p if p pf tv’ m [f t &S i f j rwf o nf jrLrI e f c ef Y r Q rawmfrw&m;

]](trSepf ifppf) uREfyk \

bk&m;onf bk&m;qefpmG jyKrlrnf

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xm0&bk&m;ocif\*kPaf wmfwpfco k nf?

tm;vH;k aom*kPaf wmfrsm;onf

]]tu,fíom ,if; (rdk;aumif;uifrsm;ESifh urÇmN*dK[f) ESpfckwGif

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tm;vH;k aombmomw&m;rsm;onftqH;k wGif

vlom;wkUd u¤if;wdtYk usKd ;twGuf

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aomif[;D 'f\t"dymÜ ,fziG qhf ckd suEf iS t

(1) aomif[;D '&f½Al Al , D [f (zefqif;xde;f odr;f rIü]wpf}jzpfjcif;)

(3) tv’ m [f t &S i f j rwf t m; ¤if ; ud k , f a wmf w d k i f j yKvk y f zef q if ; xm;

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u/ &S&;D uf\ t"dymÜ ,fziG qhf ckd suf

c/ &S&D;ufonf tBu;D rm;qH;k aom tjypfjzpfNy;D tv’m[ft&Sijf rwfonf

          

(*)&S&;D ufonfi&Jr;D odYk ac:aqmifay;rnf/

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]]rvG J { uef umzd & f j zpf o G m ;Muaomol w d k Y u ]{uef pif p pf

(C)tv’m[ft&Sijf rwfuo kd mvQif

]](tdk-eAD) toifonf(&[l'DESifh c&pf,mef wdkYtm;) ajymMum; ygav?

csD;rGrf;jcif;taygif;wdkYonf avmucyfodrf;wdkYtm; tqifhqifh jyKpk

qufvufxw k af 0jzefcY srd nfph mtkyf

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‫ا و آ و م د

‫ و ام ل ا

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