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(i) am x an = am + n
(ii) am / an = am-n
(iii) (am)n = amn
(iv) (ab)n = anbn
(v) ( a/ b )n = ( an / bn )
(vi) a0 = 1
2. SURDS: Let a be a rational number and n be a positive integer such that a1/n = nsqrt(a)
is irrational. Then nsqrt(a) is called a surd of order n.
3. LAWS OF SURDS:
I SOLVED EXAMPLES
Sol. (i) (0.00032)3/5 = ( 32 / 100000 )3/5. = (25 / 105)3/5 = {( 2 / 10 )5}3/5 = ( 1 / 5 )(5 * 3 / 5) = (1/5)3
= 1 / 125
(ii) (256)0. 16 * (16)0. 18 = {(16)2}0. 16 * (16)0. 18 = (16)(2 * 0. 16) * (16)0. 18
=(16)0.32 * (16)0.18 = (16)(0.32+0.18) = (16)0.5 = (16)1/2 = 4.
196
Ex. 3. What is the quotient when (x-1 - 1) is divided by (x - 1) ?
Hence, x = 9.
Sol. [ 5 ( 81/3 + 271/3)3]1/ 4 = [ 5 { (23)1/3 + (33)1/3}3]1/ 4 = [ 5 { (23 * 1/3)1/3 + (33 *1/3 )1/3}3]1/ 4
Sol.
Putting 21/4 = x, we get :
Sol. 62/3 × 3√67 = 62/3 × (67)1/3 = 62/3 × 6(7 * 1/3) = 62/3 × 6(7/3)
3
√66 (66)1/3 6(6 * 1/3) 62
=zb(ac)= zabc
∴ abc = 1.
Sol. Given surds are of order 2 and 3. Their L.C.M. is 6. Changing each to a surd of order 6, we
get:
√2 = 21/2 = 2((1/2)*(3/2)) =23/6 = 81/6 = 6√8
3
√3= 31/3 = 3((1/3)*(2/2)) = 32/6 = (32)1/6 = (9)1/6 = 6√9.
Clearly, √9 > √8 and hence 3√3 > √2.
6 6
Ex. 14. Find the largest from among 4√6, √2 and 3√4.
Sol. Given surds are of order 4, 2 and 3 respectively. Their L.C,M, is 12, Changing each to a surd
of order 12, we get:
4
√6 = 61/4 = 6((1/4)*(3/3)) = 63/12 = (63)1/12 = (216)1/12.
√2 = 21/2 = 2((1/2)*(6/6)) = 26/12 = (26)1/12 = (64)1/12.
3
√4 = 41/3 = 4((1/3)*(4/4)) = 44/12 = (44)1/12 = (256)1/12.