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European Journal of Cultural
http://ecs.sagepub.com/content/10/3/409
The online version of this article can be found at:

DOI: 10.1177/1367549407079715
2007 10: 409 European Journal of Cultural Studies
Helen M. Hintjens
Citizenship under siege in the brave new Europe

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anc >inapcr~
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I:i:.:c f Sciot S:.dic
xrs+rxc+ 1nis ccmm~n:ar, pi~c~ r~li~c:s cn :n~ ran~ cl ccn:riu:icns
:c :nis >p~ciai Issu~. ccnsic~rin :n~ wa,s in wnicn :n~ Lurcp~an ccn:~.:
laiis :c cll~r mcr~ inciusicnar, nc:icns cl ci:iz~nsnip in :n~ curr~n: ~ra. X
icn:~rm c~ciin~ in s:a:~ i~i:imac, in Lurcp~ anc in :n~ ii cannc: ~
clls~: , :n~ in:~nsili~c pciicin cl ins~curi:, :na: is kncwn as :n~ \ar cn
1~rrcr. 1n~ ticai >cciai Jus:ic~ mc~m~n: is ccnsic~r~c as an ai:~rna:i~
lram~wcrk lcr wna: s~curi:, min: m~an in :n~ as~nc~ cl s:a:~ ici~nc~.
1n~ impcr:anc~ cl ciaspcric ic~n:i:i~s :c sucn mc~m~n:s ccm~s acrcss in
:n~ r~s~arcn prcj~c: :na: unc~rpins :nis >p~ciai Issu~. >:a:~s in Lurcp~ anc
:n~ 8ri:isn s:a:~. wnicn is lccus~c cn n~r~. ar~ ~.p~ri~ncin wna: can ~
caii~c a ~s~i~c i~i:imac,. 1n~ r~ia:i~ cis~ii~l in clliciai acccun:s cl
~~n:s , man, ci:iz~ns. sucn as :ncs~ in:~ri~w~c , r~s~arcn~rs inci~c
in :nis >p~ciai Issu~. ccmin~s wi:n a icai ~ccncm, :na: incr~asini,
r~s~mi~s a casinc.
rrsvorus ci:i.chi dioic L.c c+ct.i idc:i:,
tci:imoc, M.tim
The research n :nis sp~ciai issu~ cl L.co '.ot f .t:.ot S:.dic
cp~ns up spac~s lcr c~a:~ ccnc~rnin :n~ ci:iz~nsnip cl mincri:i~s in
Lurcp~. ~sp~ciaii, u: nc: cni, Musiim mincri:i~s. in i~w cl :n~ ccmpi~.
in:~rm~s:ic issu~s cl :n~ Iraq inasicn. :n~ \ar cn 1~rrcr anc risin
racis: ici~nc~. 1n~ c~n:rai pcin:s :na: ~m~r~ lcr m~ ar~ :na: Lurcp~ as a
wnci~ (:n~ ii is nc ~.c~p:icn) nas nc n~w nc:icns cl ci:iz~nsnip :c cll~r
anc :na: c~ciinin s:a:~ i~i:imac, cannc: ~ r~~rs~c , n,s:~ricai ~llcr:s
:c pciic~ :n~ rcwin ins~curi:, cl p~cpi~s ii~s. X pcssii~ wa, lcrwarc is
cll~r~c , :n~ ticai >cciai Jus:ic~ mc~m~n:. u: mcs: s~curi:,ccnscicus
s:a:~s :r~a: :nis as a :nr~a: (Hin:j~ns 2uuoa. 2uuo). Diaspcric ic~n:i:i~s
app~ar in:rinsicaii, su~rsi~ :c s:a:~s wi:n ~si~~c i~i:imac,. ~si~~c
lrcm wi:nin , ci:iz~n incill~r~nc~. anc lrcm wi:ncu: , icss cl ccn:rci
c~r ccm~s:ic pciic,. as :n~ icai ~ccncm, ccm~s :c r~s~mi~ a casinc.
\~s:~rn c~mccraci~s ar~ appar~n:i, icckin ccwn :c~:n~r. in
a ~rsicn cl wna: s:r~~: prc:~s:crs cc. iinkin arms. snarin (s~curi:,)
r t r o r r x s o t r x r o r

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r tro r r x s o tr x r o r c tr+ trx r s + tui r s 1 u ( )
+1u
inlcrma:icn anc (miii:ar, anc pciic~) :ac:ics. Xmn~s:, In:~rna:icnai nc:~s
a c~:~ricra:icn in :n~ si:ua:icn cl as,iums~~k~rs. Lurcp~an s:a:~s c:n
:c~:n~r anc inciicuaii, s:anc accus~c cl a ccnsis:~n: pa::~rn cl numan
rin:s icia:icns iink~c :c :n~ in:~rc~p:icn. c~:~n:icn anc ~.puisicn ,
s:a:~s cl lcr~in na:icnais. inciucin :ncs~ s~~kin in:~rna:icnai prc
:~c:icn (Xmn~s:, In:~rna:icnai. 2uuo). inclliciai anc s~mii~aiiz~c
ni~rarcni~s ar~ ~m~rin amcn ci:iz~ns cl cill~r~n: s:rip~s acrcss :n~
Lurcp~an inicn (Li). 1n~ l~~iins. ncp~s anc ins~curi:i~s r~ccrc~c in
:n~ r~s~arcn r~pcr:~c n~r~ prcic~ impcr:an: snapsnc:s cl :nis ii~c ~.
p~ri~nc~. Ccmpar~c wi:n :n~ a~ra~ m~m~r cl :n~ puiic. i: cc~s s~~m
:na: :n~ ~:nncrapn~r nas priii~~c insin: in:c :n~ ii~c ~.p~ri~nc~
cl icaiiza:icn (8urawc, ~: ai.. 2uuu. +). icr cnc~. :n~ suppcs~ci, smaii
ma::~rs cl ~~r,ca, iil~ ar~ :r~a:~c n~r~ as impcr:an: anc as c~n:rai in
unc~rs:ancin ci:iz~nsnip anc ic~n:i:,.
Ic~n:i:, lcrma:icn unc~r cur~ss is a pnras~ :na: c~scri~s w~ii wna:
napp~ns wn~n crcinar, p~cpi~ linc :n~ms~i~s in unccmlcr:ai~ si:ua:icns.
wn~r~ :n~, ar~ mac~ :c l~~i uin~rai~. \n~n ask~c ncw :n~, i~w :n~
~pic :n~m~s cl curr~n: m~cia c~a:~s. sucn as mui:icui:urai ci:iz~nsnip
anc par:icipa:cr, c~mccrac,. au:ncri:, anc i~i:imac,. s~curi:i~s anc in
s~curi:i~s. mcs: cl :n~ r~spcnc~n:s in :n~s~ s:uci~s s~~ :n~ms~i~s as
m~r~ cj~c:s cr :ar~:s cl prcpaanca. 1n~, cc nc: l~~i iik~ inlcrm~c anc
ac:i~ ci:iz~ns. Musiim p~cpi~ ~sp~ciaii, ~.p~ri~nc~ :n~ ~mrac~ cl s:a:~
au:ncri:i~s as m~nacin. X s:rcn s~ns~ cl cis:rus: runs :nrcun :n~s~
acccun:s. lrcm :cr:n~rn Ir~ianc :c Lcinurn anc Icnccn.
8u: :n~ prci~m cl ~.ciusicnar, lcrms cl ci:iz~nsnip c~s c~~p~r
:nan l~~iins. ncw~~r impcr:an: :n~s~ ar~. 1c ~ ascri~c an ic~n:i:,
pr~c~lin~c as c~ian: anc nc: li::in in wi:n :n~ ncrm. is :c ~ ~.ciuc~c
lrcm :n~ asic rin:s anc priii~~s cl ci:iz~nsnip. \n~r~~r ,cu ar~.
il ,cu ii~ scm~wn~r~ in :n~ Li. ,cu ar~ ~.p~c:~c :c ~ ai~ :c simpi,
li: in wi:n wna:~~r ,cu linc. \i:n mark~c aii~na:icn. l~ar anc cis:rus:
cl :n~ au:ncri:i~s. :n~ i~i:imac, cl s:a:~s is cicusi, nc: ~nnanc~c in
:n~ ~,~s cl :ncs~ wnc cc nc: li: :n~ ccminan: ncrm cl ci:iz~ns. Xcrcss :n~
Li. mincri:i~s ~sp~ciaii, Musiim mincri:i~s incr~asini, i~w :n~
pciic~. juciciar,. i~ai prcl~ssicn (wi:n nci~ ~.c~p:icns) anc pcii:icians
in ~n~rai as a ncs:ii~ lcrc~ ra:n~r :nan i~i:ima:~ au:ncri:i~s prcicin
prc:~c:icn (:~c~r~~n Ii~:~rs~. 2uu+). Icii:icians ccmp~:~ in :aikin
:cun cn :n~ ccmpcunc :cpic cl mira:icn. as,ium. crim~ anc :~rrcrism.
1n~ m~cia lu~is mains:r~am .~ncpncic s~n:im~n: (Harris. 2uu2).
Lmc:icnai pcii:ics pciic~s :n~ majcri:, lcr nin:s cl w~akn~ss. iam~
anc rin:~cus an~r ar~ :n~ mcraii, apprc~c ~mc:icns. In :n~s~ n~w
lair,:ai~s. lcr~in~rs (~~n :ncs~ wi:n luii ci:iz~nsnip. u: nc:ai, ncn
wni:~s. Musiims. :n~ pccr) icrc i: c~r inci~ncus p~cpi~. pusn~c :c :n~
marins cl :n~ir :ci~ranc~. Xs Iaui tiirc, cs~r~c :wc c~cac~s ac.
sucn ima~s ain :n~ir pc:~nc, lrcm a s:rikin in~rsicn cl :n~ rci~s cl
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ni + s r s . c i + i z r s ni r tur r s i r or i + nr r rxv r r v r tro r r
+11
mas:~r anc sia~. cc~r:i, ackncwi~cin uii: wnii~ summcnin l~ar
(18. 8). R~arci~ss cl immira:icn liur~s. c~rnm~n:s ar~ awar~ cl
:n~ can~rs cl an cu:r~ak cl ccmpassicn lcr :n~ ic:ims ra:n~r :nan ra~
aains: :n~ inac~rs (Harris. 2uu2. +8). \~ na~ ccm~ a icn wa, sinc~
:n~ cp:imism cl :n~ ~ari, 1us. wn~n scnciars aru~c :na: ci:iz~nsnip in
:n~ Li was ~.pancin ra:n~r :nan ccn:rac:in (:n~ ~s: kncwn ~.ampi~
~in >c,sai. 1+). Mcs: icn:~rm s:uci~s cl ci:iz~nsnip in Lurcp~
su~s: :n~ cppcsi:~. ~~r sinc~ c~ccicniza:icn prcmp:~c :n~ ~.ciusicn
cl incr~asin ca:~cri~s cl p~cpi~ lrcm luii ci:iz~nsnip (nc: i~as: in :n~
ii. wn~r~ ,. ti was r~scinc~c in 181).
>~~rai r~spcnc~n:s c~scri~ :n~ :~rrcr :na: :n~, l~i: cn r~aiizin :na:
Musiims c moc wna:~~r :n~ir ci:iz~nsnip s:a:us. :n~ir ic,ai:, :c :n~
s:a:~ cr c:n~r sins cl in:~ra:icn w~r~ s~~n as n~ii~n: cn c~s:rc,in
w~s:~rn ciiiiza:icn , ici~n: m~ans. Mincri:, p~cpi~ linc :n~ms~i~s
scm~:im~s painluii, (anc aisc cr~a:i~i,) a: :n~ in:~rs~c:icn cl iccai.
na:icnai anc :ransna:icnai inliu~nc~s. 1n~ir s:cri~s sncw :na: a wa:~r
:in: cis:inc:icn ~:w~~n cill~r~n: spa:iai i~~is is un:~nai~ (Cis~n.
2uu. 8). :~w m~cia lcrms cispia, :n~ sam~ imrica:icn. in:~rn~:
prccuc~c n~ws iurs cuncari~s ~:w~~n prccuc:icn anc ccnsump:icn
anc laciii:a:~s mcr~ liuic in:~rcnan~s ~:w~~n cill~r~n: spa:iai i~~is
:nan in :n~ pas:. Musiim inlcrman:s. ~sp~ciaii, ,cun p~cpi~. cc mcs:
cl :n~ :aikin n~r~. 1n~ cic~r ~n~ra:icn is n~arc. u: ii::i~ lrcm :n~ cic
m~n. 1n~, ma, na~ ~~n juc~c :c na~ c:n~r cu:i~:s. In >acal Rizis
anc Xmmar Xitnaans wcrk. :n~ r~spcns~s :c ins~curi:, anc :n~ \ar
cn 1~rrcr ar~ amiucus. Iakis:ani mc:n~rs c~l~r :c :n~ir scns r~pcr:s
cl n~ws acu: wna: is napp~nin. 1n~r~ is a mi. cl r~uisicn anc lascin
a:icn wn~n scncciiris r~ccun: ncw ima~s cl , app~ar~c cn :n~ir
mcii~ pncn~s anc ima~s cl i~n 8ii~,s ~n~acin w~r~ :ransmi::~c
:nrcun M>: M~ss~n~r. In :n~ r~ia:i~ s~curi:, cl Lcinurn. iar~n
Qur~sni ccn:ras:s :n~ ccmpiac~nc, cl cn~ wni:~ lamii, wi:n a lcrm~ri,
w~iiin:~ra:~c Iakis:ani lamii,s isc~rai s~ns~ cl ins~curi:,. 1n~,
incica:~ :na: :n~, nc icn~r ccnsic~r :n~ ii :c ~ a s~cur~ piac~. L~n
lcrmaii, ~quai ci:iz~nsnip cc~s nc: r~assur~ man, Musiims acu: :n~ir
lu:ur~ in Lurcp~.
icr man, r~spcnc~n:s (cni~li,. ncw~~r nc: cni,. Musiims). :~rrcr a::acks
ar~ i~ss lrin:~nin :nan :n~ s~curi:, r~spcns~s :c :n~m. >:cri~s acunc
cl :n~ r~spcnc~n:s cr :n~ir r~ia:i~s c~:ain~c. jcurn~,s c~ia,~c. p~cpi~
s:cpp~c anc s~arcn~c. L~r,cn~ kncws scm~cn~ wnc nas ~.p~ri~nc~c
wna: s~~ms iik~ an:iIsiamic cr racis: pr~jucic~ lrcm au:ncri:, liur~s
cr pass~rs,. M~cia suppcr: lcr curin numan rin:s in :n~ in:~r~s:s cl
:n~ \ar cn 1~rrcr is :nr~a:~nin. anc as Hcwarc Zinn r~marks. I:s nc:
jus: Musiims wnc ar~ in can~r u: an,cn~ wnc sp~aks cu: (2uu2. ).
D~:~n:icn wi:ncu: :riai. r~nci:icn kicnappins anc :cr:ur~ ~ccm~
ncrmai unc~r a s,s:~m cl icai apar:n~ic wnicn inci~s :n~ lcrcii~
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r tro r r x s o tr x r o r c tr+ trx r s + tui r s 1 u ( )
+12
iscia:icn cl p~cpi~ wnc ar~ cill~r~n: (Ricnmcnc. 1+. 2uo). 1n~ n~:
~ll~c: is :c lur:n~r c~pri~ s:a:~s cl wna: i~i:imac, anc mcrai au:ncri:,
:n~, nac i~l:. \na: is ncrmai is cicusi, nc: :n~ sam~ lcr ~~r,cn~.
Dcminan: rcups s~~m uncannii, ai~ :c snu: cu: cr incr~ :n~ injus:ic~
anc sull~rin arcunc :n~m (2uu1. ). >amu~i Ccn~ns cs~ra:icn s~~ms
p~cuiiari, saii~n: in :n~ Li :cca,. 1n~ Lurcp~wic~ n~:wcrk cl c~:~n:icn
camps lcr lcr~in~rs. lcr ~.ampi~. is aimcs: inisii~ :c :n~ a~ra~ Li
ci:iz~n. X c~cac~ ac :n~r~ was a nanclui cl sucn camps. ncw :n~, ar~
i~icn (s~~ Inc,m~cia. 2uuo). >~curi:, r~~cs ins~curi:, anc prcli:s lcr
pria:~ usin~ss~s. lur:n~r unc~rminin s:a:~ i~i:imac,. 1n~ impiica:icns
cl :n~ \ar cn 1~rrcr. i:s s,s:~ms cl c~:~n:icn. n~in:~n~c crc~r s~curi:,
anc pria:iz~c s~curi:, cp~ra:icns. ar~ sp~ii~c cu: , ticric Xam~n.
Il sc~r~in pcw~r is lcunc~c cn :n~ aiii:, :c c~cic~ cn :n~ s:a:~ cl ~.c~p:icn
:n~n :n~ camp is :n~ s:ruc:ur~ in wnicn :n~ s:a:~ cl ~.c~p:icn is p~rman~n:i,
r~aiiz~c. Hannan Xr~nc: cs~r~c cnc~ :na: wna: ccm~s :c iin: in :n~ camps
is :n~ principi~ :na: suppcr:s :c:aii:arian ccmina:icn anc :na: ccmmcn
s~ns~ s:ucrni, r~lus~s :c acmi: :c. nam~i,. :n~ principi~ acccrcin :c
wnicn an,:nin is pcssii~. I: is cni, ~caus~ :n~ camps ccns:i:u:~ a spac~ cl
~.c~p:icn a spac~ in wnicn :n~ iaw is ccmpi~:~i, susp~nc~c :na: ~~r,
:nin is :rui, pcssii~ in :n~m. (2uuu. 22)
Il sucn spac~s ar~ aiicw~c :c ~.:~nc :n~ms~i~s ,~: lur:n~r. :n~ prci~m
cl i~i:imac,. c~mccra:ic ncrms anc inciusi~ ci:iz~nsnip ma, ~ccm~
irr~sciai~ wi:nin :n~ ~.is:in scciai crc~r.
>cm~ Musiim mincri:i~s in :n~ ii ii~ unc~r ccnci:icns wnicn ap
prcacn si~~. wi:n wnci~ lamiii~s s:a,in ncm~ a: :im~s cl puiic l~~iin
lciicwin :~rrcr a::acks. 1n~ r~scurc~s prcic~c , :n~ :ransna:icnai lram
in cl :n~ir ic~n:i:i~s anc sciicari:i~s ma, ccm~ in:c :n~ir cwn curin
sucn :im~s cl crisis cl :n~ puiic au:ncri:i~s i~i:imac,. 1ransna:icnai
mcc~s cl ic~n:ilica:icn anc sciicari:, r~pr~s~n: nc: sc mucn a iil~s:,i~
cncic~ as a m~ans :c s~cur~ ps,cncicicai anc ~ccncmic suriai. \ir:uai
anc ciaspcric ccmmuni:i~s cl sciicari:, ar~ r~i:aiiz~c , :n~ prcc~ss~s
cl raciaiiza:icn c~scri~c in :nis cium~. 1nis inciuc~s s~ccnc anc :nirc
~n~ra:icn rcups. Xmcn :n~ ,cun~r ~n~ra:icn. cniin~ scurc~s cl in
lcrma:icn anc cu:i~:s cl ~.pr~ssicn na~ iar~i, r~piac~c :n~ ccns:an: 1\
n~ws cnarac:~ris:ic cl :n~ir par~n:s ~n~ra:icn. :~w lramin prcc~ss~s
cr~a:~ n~w iccaiiz~c spac~s. H~r~ :n~ ,cun in par:icuiar. wi:n mi.~c
anc ccmpi~. ic~n:i:i~s. can :nri~. cri~n :c ass~r: :n~ms~i~s ir:uaii, anc
in pn,sicai spac~ as mcr~ :nan passi~ ic:ims cl clliciai n~i~c: anc m~cia
iiilica:icn. \i:nin sucn spac~s. p~cpi~ wnc ar~ nc: us~c :c ~in iis:~n~c
:c can c~lin~ :n~ir prci~ms ar:icuia:~i,. ~~n ccm~ up wi:n cr~a:i~ sciu
:icns. 1ncmas Cis~ns s:uc, cl :n~ :ransna:icnai Zapa:is:a ac:iis: ccm
muni:, is r~i~an: n~r~. H~ aru~s :na:.
1n~ prcc~ss cl n~cii~rai r~s:ruc:urin sinc~ :n~ 1us anc 18us nas all~c:~c
iar~ par:s cl :n~ wcrics pcpuia:icn in a wa, :na: ~nnanc~s :n~ pc:~n:iai
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ni + s r s . c i + i z r s ni r tur r s i r or i + nr r rxv r r v r tro r r
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lcr ccns:ruc:in injus:ic~ lram~s :na: r~scna:~ ~,cnc pn,sicai. scciai anc
cui:urai crc~rs. (2uu. 2+)
1n~r~ is a sp~cilic injus:ic~ lram~ wnicn :n~ Musiim r~spcnc~n:s in
:n~s~ s:uci~s iar~i, s~~m :c snar~. wi:n man, nuanc~s. a wcricwic~ Isiamic
ciaspcric ccmmuni:, ic~n:ili~c as can~rcus , mucn ~::~r arm~c anc
m~ciaricn w~s:~rn s:a:~s wi:n aii :n~ir min: wi:nin anc a: :n~ crc~rs.
1ru~. :n~r~ ar~ r~l~r~nc~s n~r~ anc :n~r~ :c :n~ Isiamic wcrics imp~r
l~c:icns. Mcc~ra:~ Musiims ar~ ~si~~c lrcm aii sic~s. , ccrrup: s:a:~s
in :n~ iancs cl :n~ir lcr~~ars. , imp~riai miii:ar, ar~ssicn :nrcuncu:
:n~ Musiim wcric. ~sp~ciaii, in Xlnanis:an. Iraq anc Iai~s:in~. ,
c~nira:in (cr. a: ~s:. incill~r~n:) m~cia ima~s cl :n~ \~s:. simpi, lcr
~in Isiamic. 1n~ s~ns~ cl ~in :ar~:~c ~~n cc~r:i, as uii:, is a
:~rril,in asp~c: cl :n~s~ s:uci~s. I: s~~ms :c r~sui: lrcm m~cia anc puiic
iam~ in :n~ \ar cn 1~rrcr. u: can ~ :rac~c :c :n~ ~nc cl :n~ Ccic \ar.
wn~n a n~w ~n~m, was ic~n:ili~c , c~l~nc~ ~.p~r:s. 1n~ cci~s cl
Musiims. icaii, suj~c: :c mui:ipi~ lcrms cl numiiia:icn. ar~ aiwa,s in
a :ransi:icn :c a snar~c si:~ cl pric~. :n~ .mmo. Harass~c. insui:~c. c~:ain~c
anc l~arlui cl c~pcr:a:icn. Musiims ic~n:il, wi:n cn~ anc:n~r as ~si~~c
ci:iz~ns cl a ncn~.is:~n: ic~ai s:a:~. :~w anc cr~a:i~. :ransna:icnai lcrms
cl ccmmunica:icn anc ic~n:i:,lcrma:icn ~nai~ scm~ :c r~n~c:ia:~ a
s~ns~ cl sal~:,.
In :n~s~ ar:ici~s :n~ iccai. na:icnai. icai anc inciicuai i~~is ar~
ccns:an:i, ccnn~c:~c anc r~ccnn~c:~c. 1n~ r~s~arcn r~spcnc~n:s ar~ ai
mcs: ~n:ir~i, awar~ cl wna: :n~, ar~ ccnlrcn:in anc na~ r~ia:i~i, l~w
iiiusicns. 1nis is nc: :c sa, :na: :n~, s~~ :nins as :n~, r~aii, ar~. cr na~
scm~ priii~~c insin: as insic~rcu:sic~rs. ai:ncun :n~, ma, na~.
8u: ci~ari,. :n~ ii~rai cr~ams cl c~mccra:ic ci:iz~nsnips c~rccmin
scciai pciariza:icn anc :n~ pcii:ics cl ic~n:i:, ar~ nc icn~r sc wic~i,
cr~am~c.
References
Xam~n. t. (2uuu) Mco ui:h.: Ld ^:c Iti:ic Minn~apciis.
ini~rsi:, cl Minn~sc:a Ir~ss.
Xmn~s:, In:~rna:icnai (2uuo) Rc: 2ooo. Ocicu L.c/c:ot io.
,Xcc~ss~c 12 :c~m~r 2uuo. n::p.,,w~.amn~s:,.cr,r~pcr:2uuo,2~u
summar,~n;2
8urawc,. M.. J.X. 8ium. >. t~cr~. Z. tiii~ anc M. 1na,~r (~cs) (2uuu)
Gt/ot L:hoh, Icc cc:i od Imoio:i i o I:mdc
Utd. 8~rk~i~,. ini~rsi:, cl Caiilcrnia Ir~ss.
Ccn~n. >. (2uu1) S:o:c f Dciot Kui o/.: :ci:ic od S.ffci.
Camric~. Icii:, Ir~ss.
tiirc,. I. (18) !hcc i`: ^ Btocl i :hc Ii 'ocl :hc .t:.ot Iti:ic
f Rocc od ^o:i. Icnccn. Hu:cninscn.
Harris. :. (2uu2) !hili :hc I:hilo/tc !hc Immio:i M,:h L+cd.
Icnccn. I.8. 1auris.
at BROWN UNIVERSITY on January 13, 2014 ecs.sagepub.com Downloaded from
r tro r r x s o tr x r o r c tr+ trx r s + tui r s 1 u ( )
+1+
Hin:j~ns. H. (2uuoa) Xppr~cia:in :n~ Mc~m~n: cl :n~ Mc~m~n:s.
Dcctmc: i Ioc:icc 1o(o). o28+.
Hin:j~ns. H. (2uuo) ticai >cciai Jus:ic~ in a Ccic Ciima:~. Icocc Rcicu
'.ot f Sciot '.:icc 18(). o8.
Inc,m~cia (2uuo) ipca:~c Map cl D~:~n:icn Camps lcr icr~in~rs in
Lurcp~ anc M~ci:~rran~an. 8 Marcn. ,Xcc~ss~c 12 :c~m~r 2uuo. www.
inc,m~cia.cr.uk,~n,r~icns,c.lcrc,2uuo,u,.n:mi
:~c~r~~n Ii~:~rs~. J. (2uu+) Gt/oti.o:i Lmic :~w \crk. Rcu:i~c~.
Cis~n. 1. (2uu) I:co:iot Zoo:im !hc :.c:i f Stidoi:, i :hc
c f Gt/oti.o:i. Icnccn. Z~c 8ccks.
Ricnmcnc. X. (1+) Gt/ot o:hcid Rcf.cc Rocim od :hc ^cu Utd
Odc. 1crcn:c. C.lcrc ini~rsi:, Ir~ss.
>c,sai. \.:. (1+) Limi: f i:i.chi Mio: od I:o:iot
Mcm/chi i L.c. Cnicac. II. ini~rsi:, cl Cnicac Ir~ss.
Zinn. H. (2uu2) !cim od Uo :~w \crk. >~~n >:cri~s Ir~ss.
Bograghcal note
H~i~n M. Hin:j~ns is I~c:ur~r in D~~icpm~n: anc >cciai Jus:ic~ in :n~ n~w
Human Rin:s. D~~icpm~n: anc >cciai Jus:ic~ prcramm~. Ins:i:u:~ cl >cciai
>:uci~s. 1n~ Hau~. :n~ :~:n~riancs. H~r main in:~r~s:s ar~ in pcs:ccicniai
r~ia:icns. rin:s issu~s anc icai scciai jus:ic~. in Lurcp~ anc in:~rna:icnaii,.
wi:n a sp~ciai in:~r~s: in as,ium anc r~lu~~ issu~s in :n~ ii anc :n~ :~:n~riancs.
>n~ aisc wcrks cn pcs:~nccic~ pcii:ics in Rwanca. X D D R L > > . Ins:i:u:~
cl >cciai >:uci~s. IC 8c. 2o. 2u2 I1 1n~ Hau~. :n~ :~:n~riancs.
,~maii. nin:j~ns_iss.ni
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