Chemicals & Human Health Lung Toxicology Problem Set: Student Sheet Directions

A. Ans er the !re"#uestions. $. %o to the ebsite .biology.ari&ona.edu'chh and clic( on the lin( to the Lung

Toxicology Problem Set.

C. )rite the correct ans er in the column labeled Correct Ans er. All o* the ans ers

can be *ound in the Lung Toxicology Problem Set.

D. +x!lain the correct ans er.

Pre",uestions
-circle the ans er you thin( is correct.

Correct Ans er
- rite the letter o* the correct ans er *rom the ebsite.

+x!lain
-ex!lain the correct ans er.

)hich o* the *ollo ing is /0T *ound in the human lung1 A. bronchiole $. trachea C. bronchi D. al2eoli

Dra a !icture and label the !arts o* the lung:

)hich o* the *ollo ing is the smallest !art o* the lung here gas exchange occurs1 A. bronchiole $. trachea C. bronchi D. al2eoli

A!!roximately ho many are there in the human body:

)hich o* the *ollo ing al2eolar cell ty!es clean !articles de!osited in the lungs1 A. macrophages $. e!ithelium ty!e 4 C. e!ithelium ty!e 44 D. *ibroblasts +. ca!illaries

Dra a !icture that includes all o* the cell ty!es and label:

0ne o* the !rimary *unctions o* the al2eoli is to create a large sur*ace area in the lungs. )hy is a large sur*ace are so im!ortant1

+x!lain:

D A. *or energy storage $. to remo2e toxins *rom the blood C. to store oxygen *or *uture use D. *or gas exchange +. *or the (rebs cycle )hen do the al2eoli de2elo! in lungs in humans1 A. during the first 1-2 years of life $. in the 6"3th ee( o* !regnancy C. bet een 7 and 3 years o* age D. during the last 5 ee(s o* !regnancy +. continually throughout a !erson8s li*etime

Gas exchange occurs by diffusion, and the rate of gas exchange is dependent on surface area.

Describe the stages o* lung de2elo!ment: Lungs are *ully de2elo!ed 9 birth. A2eoli de2elo!ment continues a*ter birth

:$onus ,uestion: Ho do you thin( second" hand smo(e may a**ect a child1 +x!lain
)hich o* the *ollo ing causes the most deaths in the ;S1 A. A4DS $. motor 2ehicles C. homicide D. smoking +. alcohol )hich statement do you agree ith1 A. +n2ironmental tobacco smo(e -+TS.< also (no n as second"hand smo(e< has L+SS toxic com!ounds than directly inhaled tobacco smo(e. $. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) also kno!n as second-hand smoke has "#$E toxic compounds than directly inhaled tobacco smoke%
5

Ho is that attributed to the most deaths1 Stro(e< heart disease< lung cancer< em!hysema and other cancers

+x!lain hy. +TS has more chemical com!ounds b'c the smo(e suc(ed through cigarette is burned 9 higher tem!

About ho many toxic com!ounds are in cigarette smo(e1 4=

>

)hat is P@6=1 A. the number o* !ac(s !er day that cause lung cancer in 6=A o* the !o!ulation $. particles !hich are small enough to be deposited in the lungs C. a measure o* the amount o* !ollen in a certain 2olume o* air D. a measure o* the se2erity o* an asthma attac( 0xidants are one toxic com!onent o* cigarette smo(e. )hy are they dangerous1 A. They bloc( sur*actant secretion so that al2eoli colla!se. $. They bloc( the oxygen carrying ca!acity o* hemoglobin. C. They cause cilia to #uit beating so lungs get clogged ith !articles. D. They can damage the &'( of lung cells much like the sun damages skin cells% Asthma is caused by decreased air*lo in and out o* the lungs due to:

Ho does this hurt the lungs1 They can cause tissue damage as they hit the lung tissue. They are small enough to go into the a2eoli. They can cause irritation hich can lead to scarring o* lung tissue

)hat disease can be the end result o* this damage1 Cancer

6. small abnormalities in B. reversible bronchial

spasms alls air ays

List three res!onses in the lung that cause asthma. Chronic 0bstructi2e Pulmonary Disease< Chronic $ronchitis and Chronic +m!hysema

7. destruction o* al2eolar 4. allergic reaction in lung

tissues

)hat is a Ctrigger1D List B exam!les. "Something that causes a s!asm