+=F JK

6HEC
%  1 JH @K
6HE CK K F C

AJHE= 2HE AEH= 2=HJA

?

CK I E JAH

C 3 =@ I 2 @A

I ? =IIE ?

I @A @K=I

= AEH=I

GK= J = I J= = D I @ I =@ I

 AGKE JAH 3 =@ I @A AI ? FHE A J  EI ?A AI 2 =@ I @A AI ? FHE A J  AI?= A 3 =@ I @A ? FHE A J I @EBAHA JAI

GK= J
I A@E@=I @ I CK I

3 CK I =CK@ I  A HAI GKA 90o CH=KI  =?KJ CK  HAJ CK I 1 CK HAJ 90o CH=KI  >JKI CK 1 CK >JKI  =E H GKA 90o CH=KI

6HE

CK

HAJ

CK

6A HA = @A 2EJ C H=I

- K JHE CK HAJ CK .ECKH= % = I =@ I GKA B H = CK HAJ I @A E =@ I ?=JAJ I A =@ F IJ = CK HAJ ?D= =@ DEF JA KI= I ? FHE A J I @= DEF JA KI= A @ I ?=JAJ I AIJ HA =?E =@ I FA 6A HA = @A 2EJ C H=I a2 = b2 + c2 . % 
b c

a c
b

A a A b aA A A A A A b A a A a A c A A
b c 6A HA = @A 2EJ C H=I

= 7

JHE

CK

HAJ

CK HAJ CK A

>

.ECKH= %  6HE CK

6A HA = @A 2EJ C H=I

"

7 = FH L= >=IJ= JA IE F AI @ 6A HA = @A 2EJ C H=I F @A IAH >JE@= =JH=L I @= .ECKH= % > = HA= @ GK=@H=@ ANJAH ECK= I = @= HA= @ GK=@H=@ E JAH =EI = HA= @ I 4 JHE CK I HAJ CK I EIJ

a2 + 4

bc = (b + c)2 a2 + 2bc = b2 + 2bc + c2 a2 = b2 + c2 . 2

% ! 4= AI JHEC

JHE?=I
JHE?=I ? DA?E@=I ? IA

2=H= ?=@= CK =CK@ @A K JHE CK HAJ CK @A A IA 6 H= AI JHEC ? IIA J= CA JA ? J= CA JA IA?= JA A ? IIA?= JA @= IACKE JA = AEH=

IA

?=JAJ F IJ DEF JA KI=

J= CA JA =

?=JAJ F IJ ?=JAJ =@ =?A JA ?=JAJ =@ =?A JA ?=JAJ F IJ

IA?= JA =

DEF JA KI= ?=JAJ =@ =?A JA DEF JA KI= ?=JAJ F IJ

? IIA
) .ECKH= %

?=JAJ =@ =?A JA DEF JA KI=

? J= CA JA =

? IIA?= JA =
JHE CK HAJ

E KIJH= =I 6 H= AI JHEC

JHE?=I F=H= I
IA

CK I A @A K

CK

sen() = cos() = tg () = ctg () = sec() = csc() =

c a b a c b b c a b a c

sen( ) = cos( ) = tg ( ) = ctg ( ) = sec( ) = csc( ) =

b a c a b c c b a c a b

? IIA J= CA JA ? J= CA JA IA?= JA ? IIA?= JA

.ECKH= % = .ECKH= % != JH= = I = @E=C ?=I F=H= CK @A 45o >JE@

o

)I H= AI JHEC

JHE?=I

= @A K

GK=@H=@ @A =@ a A A J

@AJAH E =

I =I H= AI JHEC

JHE

a 2 1 cos(45 ) = = = 2 a 2 2
= .ECKH= % !> JH= = JHEC JHE?=I F=H= I

2 a 1 sen(45 ) = = = 2 a 2 2
o

tg (45o ) =

a = 1. a

I = = JKH= @A K JHE CK AGKE JAH @A =@ a A A J @AJAH E = I =I H= AI CK I @A 30o A 60o >JE@ I a 3/2 3 a/2 1 a/2 1 3 o o o cos(30 ) = = , sen(30 ) = = , tg (30 ) = = = . a 2 a 2 3 a 3/2 3 1 a 3/2 3 a 3/2 a/2 = , sen(60o ) = = , tg (60o ) = = 3. cos(60o ) = a 2 a 2 a/2

) J=>A = %  HAIK A AIJAI HAIKJ=@ I CK IA ? I JC 6=>A = %  8= HAI @A IA ? IIA

30o
1 2 3 2 3 3

45o
2 2 2 2

60o
3 2 1 2

A J= CA JA @ I

CK I 30o 45o A 60o

 a 2

30o

A A

45o
a
=

@A 45o

60o

a 3 2

a/2

a/2

CK

>

CK I @A 30o A 60o

.ECKH= % !

CK I BK @= A J=EI

% " ) CK =I E@A JE@=@AI JHEC

= .ECKH= % JA I GKA b = a cos() A c = a sen() >JA

JHE?=I
IA J =I IACKE JAI E@A JE@=@AI % = % > % ? % @

tg () = cotg () = sec() = csc() =

7I= @ 6A HA = @A 2EJ C H=I >JA I

c a sen() sen() = tg () = b a cos() cos() b a cos() cos() = cotg () = c a sen() sen() a a 1 = sec() = b a cos() cos() a a 1 = csc() = c a sen() sen()

b2 + c2 a2 a2 cos2 () + a2 sen2 () = a2 a2 cos2 () + sen2 () = a2

@ @A

cos2 () + sen2 () = 1

% A =EI GK=@H=@ @ IA @A I KJH=I @K=I E F HJ= JAI % B % C

) E@A JE@=@A % A ?D= =@= @A E@A JE@=@A BK @= A J= GK=@H=@ @ ? IIA GK= GKAH CK IA FHA ECK= = K ) F=HJEH @= E@A JE@=@A BK @= A J= >JA E@A JE@=@AI

cos2 () + sen2 () 1 sen2 () 1 = 1+ = 1 + tg 2 () = sec2 () 2 2 cos () cos () cos2 () cos2 () cos2 () + sen2 () 1 cos2 () 1 = +1= cotg 2 () + 1 = csc2 () 2 2 sen () sen () sen2 () sen2 ()

% # ) AE @ I + IIA
8E JHE

I
=@ I AIJ HA =?E =@ I FA 6A HA = @A 2EJ C H=I 2=H= HA =?E =@ I FA = AE @ I + IIA I .ECKH= % " F @A IAH >JE@= = F=HJEH @= .ECKH= % # JHE CK

I GKA F=H= JHE CK I HAJ CK I =I A@E@=I @ I CK I GK=EIGKAH I ? FHE A J I @ I =@ I AIJ ) @A IJH= @= AE @ I + IIA I F=H= CK HAJ CK @= AIGKAH@= JA I x cos( ) = a

x = acos( )

% != % !>

a2 = x2 + H 2 H 2 = a2 x2 .
$

2=H=

CK CK CK

a2 = b2 + c2 2bc cos( b2 = a2 + c2 2ac cos(  c2 = a2 + b2 2ab cos( 

@ c @ @

2=H= 2=H=

.ECKH= % " ) AE @ I + IIA I

JHE

CK

HAJ

CK

@= @EHAEJ= JA

I % !?

c2 = H 2 + (b x)2 = H 2 + b2 2bx + x2
5K>IJEJKE @ % != A % !> A % !? >JA I

c2 c2
GKA = AE @ I + IIA I F=H= CK

= =

a2 x2 + b2 2ab cos( ) + x2 a2 + b2 2ab cos( )

@ c @

.ECKH= % # ) @A

IJH=

@= AE @ I + IIA

I F=H=

CK

% $ ) AE @ I 5A

I
CK GK= GKAH = AE @ I 5A I .ECKH=

KJH= HA = A JHA I ? FHE A J I @ I =@ I A I CK I @A K JHE % $ ?K = @A IJH= ?= = ?=HC @ AEJ H 2H > A = 6A HE? % 
a

@ c @ @ @

sen( ) b

sen() a

sen( ) c

.ECKH= % $ ) AE @ I 5A I

% % 2H > A =I 2H F IJ I
2H > A = %  ) = JKH= @A K 2H > A = %
) @E=C = @A K JHE CK AGKE JAH

A@A 2 cm ,AJAH E A IAK FAH

AJH A IK= HA=

GK=@H=@

A@A 3 6 cm ,AJAH E A IAK FAH

AJH A IK= HA= A@EHA HAIFA?JEL=

2H > A = % ! 27+ 52 5A = = JKH= @A K

A JA 27 dm A 15 dm @AJAH E A = JHE CK

JH=F E EI ?A AI A@E@= @A IK=I @E=C =EI A@E@=I x A y

%

A@EH 8 dm A IK=I >=IAI

2H > A = % "

@=@ @AJAH E A =I

a=5

@ c= @ @
y

13

b=6

2H > A = % #
@A ?

JHE CK @=@ I=>A IA GKA c = 5 y = 3 A =@ @A ? FHE A J c ,AJAH E A a A x A a A c A A

x y

FHE A J a

FAHFA @E?K =H =

=@

2H > A = % $ ,AJAH E A = > ? ?

JHE

CK

HAJ

CK

@ I ?=JAJ I

A@A 5 A IK= FH A ? IAK FAH @ IK= HA= AJH

I >HA = DEF JA KI=

A@A 4

FHE A J @

KJH ?=JAJ

FHE A J @= DEF JA KI=

2H > A = % % ,AJAH E A I ? A@A = KJH= @E=C

K JHE CK = DEF JA KI= A@A 10 A = H= A JHA I ? FHE A J I @=I FH A AI @ I ?=JAJ I I >HA = DEF JA KI= = FAH AJH @A K I C

FHE A J I @ I ?=JAJ I =EI

3 4

2H > A = % & 27+ 52 2H > A = % '

A@A 20 cm A K = @A IK= @E=C

A@A 8 cm 3K= J @A K @ I

K JHE CK HAJ CK = = JKH= HA =JEL= DEF JA KI= A@A 12 cm A = FH A ?=JAJ I I >HA = DEF JA KI= A@A 16 cm ,AJAH E A ? FHE A J @ I ?=JAJ I @AIJA JHE CK

2H > A = %  ,AJAH E A

FAH

AJH A = HA= @ JHE

3

CK
@

@=@
@ 3 2 45o@ @ 3 ,AJAH E A =I

2H > A = % 
CK I

I =@ I @A K JHE CK CK JA

JHE

CK

A@A

a=

2 b = 2 A c = 1+

A@E@=I @A IAKI

2H > A = %  7
>

IAKI L HJE?AI CK F IJ =

IF F IJ =

J I A B A C 5=>A IA GKA AC = 3 A BC = 4 =@ BC @AJAH E A cos() CK I @A

= 5=>A @ IA GKA AB = 7 A F II LA GKA

=@ AC IA = @A 60o -NF EGKA

2H > A = % ! 7

JAHHA J = B H = @A K F=H= A CH= ?K I =@ I A@A 40 m A K @ I E JAH I A@A 120o 5AK FH FHEAJ HE EH ?AH? A J= > @ELE@E = AE ? K = ?AH?= ? 3 =H= A ,AJAH E A = GK= JE@=@A @A =H= A = IAH KJE E =@=

E JAH @AIJA JHE CK 3a = 7c A 3b = 8c @=I A@E@=I @ I

2H > A = % " 16) 52

I =@ I @A K JHE CK A@A a b A c ?A J AJH I 3K= L= H @ CK F IJ = =@ GKA A@A a ?A J AJH I IA B HA I=JEIBAEJ=I =I IACKE JAI HA = AI JHEF @= I =

2H > A = % # 16) 52

K I C ABCD = I = @=I A@E@=I @ I CK I >JKI I CK I =CK@ I 5A IK= @E=C = A H A@A d @AJAH E A IK= =HAIJ=
3 k2

2H > A = % $ 7 ELAHIE@=@A /= = .E D
=I ECK= @=@AI sen() = k 1 A cos() =

4  += ?K =H I L= HAI @A k GKA LAHE ?= IE K J= A= A JA

% " F=H= @AJAH E =H =I

2H > A = % % 2=H= ?=@= H=

KJH=I ?E ?

JHEC

JHE?= @=@= KJE E A =I E@A JE@=@AI @= 5A

&

= sen() = > cos( ) =

3 5 1 7

? tg ( ) = 4 @ cotg ( ) = 3

A cos( ) = B  tg () =
1 2

3 5

C csc() = 2 D sec( ) = 3 J F @A K = J HHA = CK @A 30o =HCA

2H > A = % & 7 = FAII = =

= 3K= = =HCKH= @ HE

=HCA @A K HE L I > K F IJ= 3K= @ A = IA =B=IJ= 40 m FAHFA @E?K =H A JA =HCA

CK @A 60o @ HE AIIA

> 3K= = = JKH= @= J HHA

2H > A = % ' 8AHE GKA = LAH=?E@=@A @=I ECK= @=@AI = IACKEH

= > ? @
sen() 1+cos()

1+cos() sen()

= 2csc()

2sen2 ( ) cos2 ( ) 2tg ( ) 1+tg ( )

tg 2 ( ) = 2

= 2sen( )cos( ) = tg ()

sec( )+sen( ) csc( )+cos( )

A sec2 ()csc2 () = tg 2 () + cotg 2 () + 2 B  tg ( ) sen( )

2

+ 1 cos( )

= sec( ) 1

2H > A = %  -NF EGKA F H GK =I ECK= @=@AI @=@=I I

= sen() = 3 > cos() = 5 CK I A I CK CK CK CK CK CK @EJ I ?

E L E@=I ? sec() =

1 2

@ csc() = 7IA = .ECKH= % F=H= IA ?

3 4

2H > A = %  , EI
@ I IACKE JAI B=J I = > IA ? IIA @A K @A K

F A A J=HAI IA + = @A IAK ? @A IAK ? F A A J=H F A A J=H

LA ?AH

ECK= = ? IIA ECK= = IA ECK= ECK= ECK= ECK= F=H= A CH=

? = J= CA JA @A K @ = ? J= CA JA @A K A = IA?= JA @A K B  = ? IIA?= JA @A K

? J= CA JA @A IAK ? J= CA JA @A IAK ?

F A A J=H F A A J=H F A A J=H F A A J=H =EI x A y IJHA GKA

? IIA?= JA @A IAK ? IA?= JA @A IAK ? A@A

2H > A = %

I =@ I @A K

a A b A IK=I @E=C

x2 + y 2 = 2(a2 + b2 ).

2H > A = 6A HE? %  ,A

IJHA = AE @ I 5A

I .ECKH= % $

% & 4AIF IJ=I @ I 2H > A =I 2H F IJ I +=F JK

%  F CE = % FAH AJH = 4 3 cm A HA= =
8 3 3

%
4 6 3

% # F CE = & a = cm2 % $ F CE = &

Ax=

16 3

% F CE = % FAH AJH = 12 3 cm A HA= = 27 cm2 % F CE = % 505 dm % " F CE = % x = 4 A y = 2

= 2

13 2

? 2

13 2 + 7 +

> 2 +

13

@ 6 + 3 13

13

'

 % % F CE = &

18 5

32 5

% & F CE = & 6 cm % ' F CE = & 15 cm A 20 cm %  F CE = & FAH %  F CE = & 30 %  F CE = &

o

> sen( ) = 4 7 3 tg ( ) = 4 3 cotg ( ) = sec( ) = 7 sen( ) = 7123

3 12

AJH = 6 + 3 2 A HA= = 9
45o A 105o

17 ? cos( ) = 17 sen( ) = 161717 cotg ( ) = 17 sec( ) = 17 csc( ) = 16 10 @ cos( ) = 3 10 sen( ) = 10 sec() = 3 csc() = 10 10 10

1 4

tg ( ) =
3 4

1 3

= cos() = 1 > F EI JAH = GKA 1 IK CK ?K IA =E H

A sen( ) = 4 tg ( ) = 5 5 csc( ) = 4

4 3

cotg ( ) =
5 5

sec( ) =

5 3

% ! F CE = & 600 m @A =H= A % " F CE = & 60o % # F CE = &

d 2 2 3 2

B cos() = 2 5 5 sen() = sec() = 25 csc() = 5 C cos() = 23 sen() = cotg () = 3 sec() = 2 3 3 D cos( ) = cotg ( ) =
1 3 2 4

cotg () = 2 tg () =
3 3

1 2

% $ F CE = & k = % % F CE = &

sen( ) = 2 3 2 csc( ) = 3 4 2

tg ( ) = 2 2

% & F CE = '
3 4

= cos() = 4 tg () = 5 5 5 csc ( ) = 4 3

cotg () =

4 3

sec() =

= 20 m

> 20 3 m

!