Earth Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow Review

Sometimes fossils are found in places you would not expect them because of the movement of the Earth (mountains where there was once water) Rock layers help us determine the age of a fossil (the further down in layers the older the fossil is) Heat from inside the Earth causes the tectonic plates to move (causing earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountains) Alfred Wegener found similar fossils in different parts of the world and used it as evidence of continental drift (Pangea) Be able to label the core, mantle and crust (color coded paper Earth) The Earths core is solid because it is so compacted with all of the other layers Plotting earthquakes helped us to know where many of them occur and that they most frequently occur where tectonic plates meet Mountains are formed when an oceanic plate and continental plate converge (remember the oceanic plate will subduct) Two continental plates that are diverging (moving away from one another) form a rift valley Earthquakes occur when two continental plates rub back and forth against each other (pressure is build at a fault line and when released causes an earthquake)

 The convecting mantle creates a magnetic field around the Earth causing a magnetic field and for the Earth to behave like one big magnet Because of the magnetic field of the Earth the needle on a compass always points north Fossils in different rock layers can help scientists measure different time periods of the Earth (the bottom layer has the oldest fossils) Glaciers move slowly over rocks plucking or picking up rocks and stones as it moves which scratch valleys as proof of their movement Be able to label the inner core, outer core, mantle and crust and explain how they are related to the movement of tectonic plates (crust is made up of tectonic plates that move a few cm each year because of convection currents in the mantle) Earth is like a bar magnet because it has poles like a magnet, a magnetic field which has electrons surrounding it, magnetized material is attracted or repelled by the poles (compass) The pull of the Earths magnetic field is greater than a magnet and they (Earth and bar magnets) are shaped different Magnets have two poles (north and south) and opposite poles attract, or come together (north and south) Compass needles have a charged needle (all electrons are lined up neatly) and this north seeking needle will point to the North Pole which helps people find their way around