Late 19th Century (1850-1900)

The ISMS -In the late 19th Century there is Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Art Noveau, Symbolism, and Early Photography -Worldwide interaction between Europe and the United States increased in the development of industrialization, urbanization, and increased economic -The rise of Marxism and Darwinism -Christian beliefs where challenged -Western Cities grew dramatically -The style of art was from painting ordinary people, urban scenes that where colorful to celebrating fantasy and imagination

Realism: The Gleaners

-It shows three peasant women doing the back breaking task of gleaning the last wheat scraps -They are the lowest level of peasant society -Its showing a french countryside -The field stretches back to haystacks, cottages, trees, and distant workers *It shows the use of realism by using actual workers. It shows the workers at the front of the painting. Its a good representation of the time period where socialism was growing.

Impressionism: Rouen Cathedral -There are some 40 views of the Rouen Cathedral at different times of day -The subject of the painting is not the building but the sunlight shining on it -Its showing the Portal of the Cathedral with the sun shining on it -It shows light and color *It shows a phenomena of light and color under various climatic conditions. It shows a greater understanding of the appearance of form. It shows how the impressionist used color with light to show the different hues.

Post-Impressionism: Starry Night

-It doesnt represent the skys appearance -It shows whirling, exploding stars and galaxy of stars with the earth beneath it -There is a church in the center of the village -Its an almost abstract pattern of line, shape and color -Its showing the constellations *It may be a very personal work by Van Gogh but could have been the view from his window in the asylum. Its impressive with its dark, deep blue background with the impressive brush strokes. It shows how they used the abstract patterns during this period.

Art Noveau: Staircase in the Van Eetvelde House -Its in the Victor Horta house in Brussels, Belguim -It shows furniture, drapery folds, lavish stone paneling, and molded doors -It has real plants -The railings and post have metallic tendrils curls around them -The glass dome has delicate metal going through it *It shows the detailed functions as part of a living whole which was part of the art Nouveau movement. It shows several influences with the two-dimensional ornaments. It uses natural forms in the architecture.

Symbolism: The Scream -Its of a man standing on a bridge -The man is almost skeletal and screaming -The landscape is curving lines and shapes -The sky is made up of red and yellow stripes

*This is a departure from visual reality that invokes and emotional response from the viewer. It shows symbolist by the man screaming in despair. It shows that during this time that they believed humans where powerless to death, love, and other emotions.

Early Photography: Horse Galloping

-It shows the successive stages of animal motion -The details are too quick for the human eye to capture -This photo was part of a sequential motion study -This work was shown on a device called the zoopraxiscope that projected sequences of the images on to a screen that made them look like living, moving animals *This work was the beginning of the cinema and later the motion picture industry. It shows how they wanted to capture the movement of animals and humans in a form that would appear to the eye that they where actually moving.

Early 20th Century (1900-1950)

The ISMS -In the 20th century there is Fauvism, Cubism, Futurism, Contructivism, Precisionism, Expressionism, DaDa, Surrealism, Regionalism, Muralists, Modern Photography, and Modern Architecture. -The rise of Communism, Fascism and Nazism with the regime of Russian Tsar Nicholas II and Adolf Hilter -War World I and II, plus the Great Depression -The bringing of Christianity to the backward people and educating them -The competition of the Nationalism and Imperialism with the devasting effect of social disruption and economic collapse -Artists challenged the basic assumptions of the purpose of art and what form the artwork should take from motion and space to dreamlike scenes or geometric forms to photography and architecture

Fauvism: Red Room

-It shows a maid putting fruit and whine on a table -It doesnt show the front edge of the table -The table has the same pattern as the wall behind it -The window in the upper left could also be a painting on the wall -Its the interior of a prosperous household *It colors contrast richly and intensely which is meant to strike the right cord in the viewer. It shows how the painter uses bright colors to harmonize with the viewer. It shows how painters of that time used colors to express their feelings.

Cubism: Champs de Mars or The Red Tower -Its kaleidoscopic array of the Eiffel Tower -It shows hues and values of the broken shapes -It seems to leap forward or pull back according to the colored pieces -It ambiguously rises and collapses *Some believe that this work shows the collapse of society with the war because the base crumbles. It shows the determination of the artist to subvert tradition. This painting was done prior to World War I.

Futurism: Armored Train -It shows an armored train with protruding cannon from the top -It shows a row of soldiers submerged in the train with guns pointed at unscene target -Its broken into facets and planes that suggest action and movement -The colors are light and bright

*It shows the futuristic program artistically and politically with out death and destruction caused by war. It captures the dynamism and motion central to Futurism. It shows how the painter felt about the consequences of war.

Precisionism: My Egypt -It shows grain elevators reduced to simple geometric forms -The grain elevators are recognizable and solid -The beams of transparent planes and diagonal lines threaten to destabilize the image -The title is ambiguous so their have been different readings of this painting *Its a prime example of Precisionist painting with geometric forms amid Cubistic diagonal planes. It could be a favorable comparison between the Egyptian pyramids and American grain elevators or it could show the limitations of the American culture. It shows how the artist used the machinary at the time.

Constructivism: Column -The sculpture is made from new synthetic plastic materials -The columns circular mass is open so the viewer can experience the volume of space it occupies -Two transparent planes extend through its diameter, crossing at right angles at the center -The base is an opaque colored planes *It shows how Gabo built his sculptures piece by piece instead of carving and molding. It shows the relationship of mass and space to the nature of space-time. It shows that they used a sense of movement to express a part of reality.

Late 20th Century (1950-Present):

The ISMS -In the late 20th century their was, Abstact Expressionism, Color Field, Minimalism, Photo-Realism, Pop Art, Environmentalism, Feminism, Preformance, Conceptual, and Post-Modernism -Persistent conflicts throughout the world -United States and Soviet Union became the two nuclear superpowers after the dropping of the atomic bomb by the United States on Japan -Islam inspired fundamentalist religious revolution in Iran encouraged the holy war using international terrorism including the attack on September 11, 2001 on New York City and Washington D.C. -Questioning off the status quo by the youth and their alternate beliefs -The civil rights movement and womens rights -The changing world cultural affected the art and architecture

Abstract Expressionism: Women I -It shows a ferocious-looking women with starring eyes and pounderous breast -She has a toothy smile that looks like a grimace -Its a jumbled array of slashing lines and patches of color -It may have been inspired from advertising billboards *It shows sweeping brush strokes and energetic application of pigment typical of gestural abstraction. It shows the involvement of Kooning with his paintings including physical interaction between him and the canvas. It also shows how the modern world with its advertising affected the artwork.

Color Field: Saraband

-It shows billowy, fluid, transparent shapes that run down the length of the canvas -It was created by pouring on diluted acrylic resin on a canvas that was held up -The canvas is unprimed -Its a kind of staining technique *It shows how color-filled painting reduced painting to the fact of the paint-impregnated material. It resolves formal painting problems and is very simple.

Pop Art: Green Coca-Cola Bottles -It shows the repetition and redundancy of the Coke bottle -It represents the dominance of this product in American society -Each of the Coke bottles are slightly different - Its a silk-screen technique *It shows how the mass produced items were used in Pop culture. They painted the same item over and over. They used items that consumers drank and seen on televison. It shows the use of mass media and usefulness of the artwork.

Feminism: The Dinner Party

-It rests on a white tile floor with 999 womens names inscribed -It honors 39 women from antiquity to 20th-Century America -Its triangular form and materials (painted china and fabric) are traditionally associated with women -Its 48 feet long on each side of the triangular table -The triangular refers to the ancient symbol for both women and Goddess. *Its one of the most acknowledged masterpieces of feminist art. It took a team of nearly 400 to create and assemble. It celebrates the achievements and contributions of women throughout history.

Postmodernism: Pizza dItalia

-Its an open plaza dedicated to the Italian-American community -It has an inlaid on the pavement of map of Italy centered on Sicily and the boot moves in the direction of the steps that lead to the rostrum -It has a recessed area with a raised platform that used for speakers during the annual festivities -It has colonades like the Roman forum *Its a complex conglomeration of symbolic, historical and geographic allusions. Its circular postmodern with ancient Roman architecture. Its a focal point for the area.