Ancient Rome (753 BCE-337 CE):

M-onuments E-ngineering/concrete R-ealism I-nterior space T-emples -First time in history there was a single government ruling -Rome was multicultured like in todays world -Rome was found in 1753 BCE by Romulus and Remus -Constantine ended persecution of the Christians --It had western world concepts of law and government, in languages -They used art to mainipulate public opinion -Roman mastery of concrete construction began an architural revolution

Monument: Arch of Titus: -Domitian erected this arch in honor of his brother, the Emperior Titas -This type of arch is called the triumphal arch -The top of the arch has an incription stating the arch was created to honor the god Titas, son of the god Vespasian *It shows how Roman Emporers -The inside passage way has two great releif pannels. normally where proclaimed Gods after they died. It shows the interaction between mortals and immortals that became a roman narritive relief sculputure. Engineering/Concrete: -One relief shows roman soldiers carrying the spoils -The second one shows Titas in his triumphal chariot

Pont-du-Gard:

-The aqueducts carry water from the mountain to their city on the Tiber River -The aqueduct provided about 100 gallons of water a day for each person of Nimes -The water was carried by gravity alone, which required channels built with a gradual decline -It was three stories high -The large arch spans some 82 feet and is constructed of blocks weighing up to two tons each *It demonstrates the skill of Romes engineers and shows their advancement of ideas to provide water to their people

Realism: Head of the Old Man: -It is a Veristic (superrealistic) portrait -it shows each rise and fall, each bolge and fold, of the facial surface -Scholars debate weather it was truly blunt records of acctual features or exaggerated types designed to make a statement about the personality *This shows an old man with much realism in his face where you can see every fold and wrinkle, like around his lips, eyes, and forehead.

Interior Space: Interior of the Pantheon:

-The dome is 142 feet in diameter and 142 feet high -The circular opening is 30 feet in diameter and is the only light source for the interior -They used coffers (sunkin decorative panels) to lighten the domes weight without weakening it -Marble veneer is below the dome for the walls and niches and floor *It shows how roman architects use of space inside of the building. Its very wide open and is still built with design.

Temples: Temple of Portunus:

-Its plan follows the Etruscan pattern with a high podium and a flight of steps only at the front -Free standing columns are confined to the deep porch -Its built of stone, overlaid originally with stucco -It has a series of ingaged Ionic half columns to the sides and back of the cella *Its design combines Etruscan and Greek elements but is still uniquely Roman

 Late Antiquity (3 Century CE-526) Early Christian Art: Transformers Born Again? : Taking something old and making something new out of it. -Rome became even more multicultural as it expanded throughout Europe, Africa, and Near East -Constantine dedicated Constantinople as the new capital of the roman empire in 1330 -Romans rejected polytheism (belief in multiple gods) in favor of monotheism (the worship of a single all powerful god) -They thought the Jews had no figural art, but the synagogue at Dura-Europos contains bibical mural paintings -Early Christian artist produced mural and ceiling paintings in the catacombs -Mosaics where used in the churches showing Christian themes

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Syncretism: Christ as good Shepard:

-Jesus sits among his flock, haloed, and dressed in gold and purple - To his left and right, the sheep are distributed evenly in groups of three -There arrangement is loose and informal -They occupy the landscape from the foreground to background under a blue sky *Early pictures of Christ where just pictures and as time goes on Christ starts to become more important, he has a halo around his head which is a symbol of loyalty and power.

Miracle of the loaves and fishes:

-Jesus is beardless and dressed in gold and purple -He has a cross-incribed halo that signifys his dignity -He faces the viewer directly with extended arms -He instructs his deciples to give the supply of bread and fish to the great crowd *It shows that Jesus is performing a miracle which removes it from the world of time. The mosaicist told the story with the least number of figures necessary to make its meaning.

Image of Christ: Christ seated: -He is less than three feet tall -Christs head is that of a longhaired Apollo-like youth -Christ wears the roman tunic, toga, and sandles -He holds an unopened scroll in his left hand

*It is rare to find a statue of Christ from the early christian period. It shows the classical values used by sculputures that where converted from paganism to Christianity.

Christ as Good Shepherd: -Christ holds a sheep on his shoulders -He is dressed like a Roman with a tunic, toga, and sandles -Christ has long hair and no beard -It shows Christ earlier on in life when he was just a young boy.

*It is an exceptional marble statue of Christ. It shows that even though the second comandment prohibited ideal worship, the early Christian still had statues. This also showed how people viewed Christ before he became well known.

Suicide of Judas and Crucifixion of Christ:

-This plaque is from an Ivory Box -Christ is a beardless youth who experiences no pain -On the left, Judas is hanging from a tree with his open bag of silver dumped on the ground -Mary and Joseph is next to him -On the other side, Longinus thrust his sphere into the side of Christ *Its the first known representation of the Crucifixion. Ivory carving has a long history in the ancient world. Ivory was expensive and only highly skilled artisians where able to work with it.