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  • The Impact of Drug Use and Binge Drinking On Leisure Industries in Uk

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    Shaji Viswanathan. Mcom, MBA (U.K)
    129 visualizzazioni47 pagine
    The United Kingdom is the highest binge drinking capital in the world, besides that, alcohol abuse and drug misuse in the United Kingdom is a serious problem. The research recognized that this serious issue of binge drinks and drug use in the community threatening health and social consistency. It has estimated that between 250,000 and 350,000 children have a parent or parents who are drug users in the United Kingdom. The culture of binge drinking costs £7.2 billion in crime and disorder and £1.2 billion in health care issues annually. The term binge’ was used in its clinical sense to refer to a periodic bout of continual drinking, perhaps over a period of days, by someone who was alcohol dependent, and ending only when the drinker was unable to continue. It also refers to high intake of alcohol in a single drinking occasion. This research carried out for finding the impact of drug use and binge drinking rose in the UK community. The study has taken a critical approach to the present alcohol and drug use culture and assessed the various factors that connected binge drinking and drug use that negatively affect the drug and alcohol strategy of the UK government. The investigation identifies significant factors that existed in the UK society. The investigation carries out to find out the various significant factors relating with the research problem and find out the solution to bridge the gap between the knowledge gap by defined statement of purpose by qualitative questions by focusing the issues. The investigation carried out through the published literature and investigated the background history and culture of UK and the existing status in alcoholic drinking and drug use. Besides that, it analysed the UK’S alcoholic drinking policy and alcoholic and drug strategy of UK government. In addition, the study covers the historical heritage and history for how it affects the binge drinking nature. The study investigated how the public health care system works for public and how the alcoholic abuse costs in NHS, law and order, employees and employers and society.

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    THE IMPACT OF DRUG USE AND BINGE DRINKING ON LEISURE INDUSTRIES IN UK

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    The United Kingdom is the highest binge drinking capital in the world, besides that, alcohol abuse and drug misuse in the United Kingdom is a serious problem. The research recognized that this serious issue of binge drinks and drug use in the community threatening health and social consistency. It has estimated that between 250,000 and 350,000 children have a parent or parents who are drug users in the United Kingdom. The culture of binge drinking costs £7.2 billion in crime and disorder and £1.2 billion in health care issues annually. The term binge’ was used in its clinical sense to refer to a periodic bout of continual drinking, perhaps over a period of days, by someone who was alcohol dependent, and ending only when the drinker was unable to continue. It also refers to high intake of alcohol in a single drinking occasion. This research carried out for finding the impact of drug use and binge drinking rose in the UK community. The study has taken a critical approach to the present alcohol and drug use culture and assessed the various factors that connected binge drinking and drug use that negatively affect the drug and alcohol strategy of the UK government. The investigation identifies significant factors that existed in the UK society. The investigation carries out to find out the various significant factors relating with the research problem and find out the solution to bridge the gap between the knowledge gap by defined statement of purpose by qualitative questions by focusing the issues. The investigation carried out through the published literature and investigated the background history and culture of UK and the existing status in alcoholic drinking and drug use. Besides that, it analysed the UK’S alcoholic drinking policy and alcoholic and drug strategy of UK government. In addition, the study covers the historical heritage and history for how it affects the binge drinking nature. The study investigated how the public health care system works for public and how the alcoholic abuse costs in NHS, law and order, employees and employers and society.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Scarica in formato DOC, PDF, TXT o leggi online su Scribd
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    129 visualizzazioni47 pagine

    The Impact of Drug Use and Binge Drinking On Leisure Industries in Uk

    Caricato da

    Shaji Viswanathan. Mcom, MBA (U.K)
    The United Kingdom is the highest binge drinking capital in the world, besides that, alcohol abuse and drug misuse in the United Kingdom is a serious problem. The research recognized that this serious issue of binge drinks and drug use in the community threatening health and social consistency. It has estimated that between 250,000 and 350,000 children have a parent or parents who are drug users in the United Kingdom. The culture of binge drinking costs £7.2 billion in crime and disorder and £1.2 billion in health care issues annually. The term binge’ was used in its clinical sense to refer to a periodic bout of continual drinking, perhaps over a period of days, by someone who was alcohol dependent, and ending only when the drinker was unable to continue. It also refers to high intake of alcohol in a single drinking occasion. This research carried out for finding the impact of drug use and binge drinking rose in the UK community. The study has taken a critical approach to the present alcohol and drug use culture and assessed the various factors that connected binge drinking and drug use that negatively affect the drug and alcohol strategy of the UK government. The investigation identifies significant factors that existed in the UK society. The investigation carries out to find out the various significant factors relating with the research problem and find out the solution to bridge the gap between the knowledge gap by defined statement of purpose by qualitative questions by focusing the issues. The investigation carried out through the published literature and investigated the background history and culture of UK and the existing status in alcoholic drinking and drug use. Besides that, it analysed the UK’S alcoholic drinking policy and alcoholic and drug strategy of UK government. In addition, the study covers the historical heritage and history for how it affects the binge drinking nature. The study investigated how the public health care system works for public and how the alcoholic abuse costs in NHS, law and order, employees and employers and society.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Scarica in formato DOC, PDF, TXT o leggi online su Scribd
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    1

    THE IMPACT OF DRUG USE AND BINGE DRINKING ON LEISURE INDUSTRIES IN UK AT WEST MIDLANDS

    BY

    Shaji Viswanathan A Diss !tati"n s#$%itt & t" th 'a(#)t* "' th THE UNIVERSITY OF BRADFORD

    In '#)'i))% nt "' th ! +#i! % nts '"! th & ,! Ms(- H a)th an& S"(ia) Ca! Mana, % nt In th G!a&#at S(h"")

    "'

    THE UNIVERSITY OF BRADFORD

    STATEMENT OF AUTHOR
    SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE MANAGEMENT
    DISSERTATION DECLARATION Msc

    Ms(- H a)th an& S"(ia) Ca! Mana, % nt

    STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY AND AUTHENTICITY


    I confirm that the issertation I am s!"mittin# is an ori#ina$ an a!thentic %iece of &or' &ritten "( m(se$f that satisfies the Uni)ersit( r!$es an re#!$ations &ith res%ect to *$a#iarism an Co$$!sion+ I f!rther confirm that I ha)e f!$$( reference an ac'no&$e #e a$$ materia$ incor%orate as secon ar( reso!rces in accor ance &ith the Har)ar s(stem+

    I a$so certif( that I ha)e ta'en a co%( of the issertation, &hich I &i$$ retain !nti$ after the -oar of E.aminers has %!"$ishe the res!$ts, an &hich I &i$$ ma'e a)ai$a"$e on re/!est in %!rs!ance of an( a%%ro%riate as%ect of the mar'in# an mo eration of the &or' &ithin the Uni)ersit( Re#!$ations+ Name, Sha0i 1is&anathan Co!rse 2 Msc Hea$th an Socia$ Care Mana#ement Date 34th A!#!st 5637

    Si#ne 888888888888++

    THE IMPACT OF DRUG USE AND BINGE DRINKING ON LEISURE INDUSTRIES IN UK AT WEST MIDLANDS----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

    BY---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. SHA/I VISWANATHAN ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE-----------------------------------------------------. THE UNIVERSITY OF BRADFORD----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. IN FULFILLMENT OF THE RE0UIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF-------------------------------------. MSC- HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE MANAGEMENT-------------------------------------------------------------------. IN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. THE UNIVERSITY OF BRADFORD----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. STATEMENT OF AUTHOR-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE MANAGEMENT --------------------------------------------------1 MSC- HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE MANAGEMENT-----------------------------------------------------------------1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 ABSTRACT-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 THE UNITED KINGDOM IS THE HIGHEST BINGE DRINKING CAPITAL IN THE WORLD4 BESIDES THAT4 ALCOHOL ABUSE AND DRUG MISUSE IN THE UNITED KINGDOM IS A SERIOUS PROBLEM- THE RESEARCH RECOGNI5ED THAT THIS SERIOUS ISSUE OF BINGE DRINKS AND DRUG USE IN THE COMMUNITY THREATENING HEALTH AND SOCIAL CONSISTENCY- IT HAS ESTIMATED THAT BETWEEN 1674777 AND 8674777 CHILDREN HAVE A PARENT OR PARENTS WHO ARE DRUG USERS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM- THE CULTURE OF BINGE DRINKING COSTS 92-1 BILLION IN CRIME AND DISORDER AND 9.-1 BILLION IN HEALTH CARE ISSUES ANNUALLY- THE TERM BINGE: WAS USED IN ITS CLINICAL SENSE TO REFER TO A PERIODIC BOUT OF CONTINUAL DRINKING4 PERHAPS OVER A PERIOD OF DAYS4 BY SOMEONE WHO WAS ALCOHOL DEPENDENT4 AND ENDING ONLY WHEN THE DRINKER WAS UNABLE TO CONTINUE- IT ALSO REFERS TO HIGH INTAKE OF ALCOHOL IN A SINGLE DRINKING OCCASION- ------------------------------------------------------------------------3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.7 CHAPTER .; INTRODUCTION---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------..

    4
    1.1 Background.................................................................................................................................................... 11

    .-1 STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM-----------------------------------------------------------------------.1 .-8 KNOWLEDGE GAPS AND RELATION WITH THIS RESEARCH----------------------------------------.< .-< STATEMENT OF THE PURPOSE -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.< .-6 RESEARCH 0UESTIONS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.<
    1.5.1 The Qualitative Research Questions......................................................................................................... 14 1.6 The Qualitative Questions and Aims............................................................................................................ 15

    CHAPTER 1; LITERATURE REVIEW----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.= THE MOST BINGE DRINKERS ARE NOT ALCOHOLIC DEPENDENT4 BUT BINGE DRINKING NORMALLY REFERS TO THE CONSUMPTION OF A LOT OF ALCOHOL IN A SINGLE SITTING OR SHORT PERIOD- >NHS CHOICES 4 17.8? OR DRINKING A LOT TO GET DRUNK- THE RESEARCH STUDIES DEFINED THE BINGE DRINKING STANDARD DRINKS FOR U-K AS EIGHT OR MORE STANDARD DRINKS FOR MEN AND SI@ OR MORE STANDARD DRINK FOR WOMEN4 EVEN THOUGH THIS DEFINITION OF BINGE DRINKING 0UANTITY OF STANDARD DRINK NOT EFFECTIVE TO EVERYONE4 IT DEPENDS ON THE BLOOD ALCOHOL CONTENT >BAC? THAT E@CEEDS THE CLINICALLY PROVED LIMITED 0UANTITY OF 7-73 GRAMS- THEREFORE THE BINGE DRINKING CAN DEFINE IN OTHER WORDS SUCH AS4 ABINGE DRINKING REFERS TO THE E@CEEDING OF STANDARD DRINK4 THAT NOT LIMITS THE BLOOD ALCOHOL CONTENT OF 7-73GRAMS DEPENDING ON THE PHYSICAL CAPABILITIES OF THE DRINKER IN A SHORT TIME LAGB------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.= 1-. THE IMPACT OF BINGE DRINKING ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.3
    2.2 Age and gender differences in Binge Drinking...........................................................................................1 2.! "ocio # economic differences...................................................................................................................... 1

    REFERS TO >ANDERSON4 1773?4 STATED THAT THE LOWER SOCIO ECONOMIC GROUPS4 SUCH AS LOW INCOME 4 LESS EDUCATED AND LOWER OCCUPATIONAL LEVEL AND ALSO THE UNEMPLOYED ARE MOST LIKELY TO ABSTINENCE ALCOHOL AND IT SUITS FOR BOTH SE@ES AND ON THE OTHER HAND CONSISTENCY IS HIGHER WHEN COMPARED WITH MEN IN THOSE COMPARED WITH WOMEN WITH HIGHER EDUCATION- THE ------------------------------------------------------------------.C
    2.4 The overall harm of $inge drinking.............................................................................................................. 1 2.5 The %onnection $et&een Drug use and $inge drinking.............................................................................2' 2.6 The %onnection $et&een Drug use and leisure (laces..............................................................................2'

    CHAPTER 8; METHODOLOGY -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1.


    !.1 Research )ethod Design.............................................................................................................................. 21 !.1.1"am(le selection of (o(ulation.................................................................................................................. 22 !.1.2 "am(le si*e................................................................................................................................................. 22 !.1.! "etting.......................................................................................................................................................... 22 !.2 +uman rights (rotection............................................................................................................................... 22 !.! "am(le recruitment ...................................................................................................................................... 2! !.4 Demogra(hic data ,uestionnaire................................................................................................................. 24 !.- .ilot test ......................................................................................................................................................... 24 !./ Data anal0sis.................................................................................................................................................. 24 !./.1 12(lorator0 data anal0sis........................................................................................................................... 24

    FIG D . AGE GROUP OF POPULATION------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 FIG D 1 POPULATION CALCULATION BASED ON METROPOLITAN CITIES---------------------16 FIG D 8 NATIONALITY AND GENDER OF POPULATION ---------------------------------------------------------1= -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1= FIG D < TIME INTERVAL OF DRINKING BY SAMPLE POPULATION -----------------------------------12 FIG D 6 AWARENESS OF BINGE DRINKING BY SAMPLE POPULATION ----------------------------12 FIG D = AVERAGE PERIODIC BINGE DRINKING ----------------------------------------------------------------------13 THERE WAS =8 PER CENT OF THE PARTICIPANTS SUFFERED SHORT TERM PROBLEMS OF BINGE DRINKING AND 82 PER CENT OF THE PEOPLE NOT AFFECTED ANY SHORTETERM PROBLEMS- THERE IS 1. PER CENT OF THE SAMPLE POPULATION MADE IN/URIES SELF OR OTHERS BY ALCOHOL EFFECT AND 2< PER CENT NOT MADE ANY IN/URIES SELF OR TO OTHERS AND 6 PER CENT ANSWERED NOT KNOWN BY THEM- FIG-2 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 FIG D 2 BINGE DRINKING SHORT TERM PROBLEM AND IN/URIES ---------------------------------13

    FIG D 3 -BINGE DRINKING AND LONGETERM PROBLEM AND UNSAFE AND UNWANTED SE@- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1C FIG D C - THE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION PLACE AND ILLICIT DRUG USE4 --------------------87 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. FIG D .7 COMMUNITY E@PERIENCE AND TRAFFIC VIOLATION BY PARTICIPANT-----81
    !./.2 "ummar0 of the data anal0sis................................................................................................................... !2 !. 3imitations of the Research.......................................................................................................................... !! %+A.T1R 44 R1"53T"........................................................................................................................................ !! 4.1 .ilot stud0....................................................................................................................................................... !! 4.2 Descri(tive correlation stud0........................................................................................................................ !! 4.! The "ignificant 6indings of the research..................................................................................................... !! %+A.T1R 54 D7"%5"789 .................................................................................................................................. !4

    6-. DESCRIPTIVE CORRELATION STUDY------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8<


    5.2 Benefits........................................................................................................................................................... !6 5.! Barriers........................................................................................................................................................... !6

    6-< SELFEEFFICIENCY AND OUTCOME E@PECTANCIES -------------------------------------------------------8=


    5.5 3imitations of the stud0................................................................................................................................ !6 5.- 7m(lication of the findings ........................................................................................................................... !6 The findings can im(lemented through various government agencies to the societ0 and it is hel(ful for researchers and academicians to refer. The findings es(eciall0 to im(lement over the leisure industr0 and it connected drug dealings: $ecause the im(acts of unla&ful drug use and $inge drinking of alcohol in the 5; has associated &ith various factors. 7n order to investigate the im(ortance of drug use and $inge drinking in 5; o$ligator0 s(otlight on unrelated inter linked factors. Those stud0 might reveals: is it a main (ro$lem facing $0 5;. moreover criticall0 anal0*e the connections $et&een $inge drinking: drug use and crimes demands to investigate the inter associations among the leisure industr0: ethnic grou(s: e2(atriate nationalities and various communities and &hich (rovides findings of &hich measures are in (lace to undertake to co( u( &ith the alcohol and illicit drug (olic0 of the 5; government. ....................!6 5./ Recommendations for future Research....................................................................................................... !This researcher is ca(a$le to do future researches. The future research should $e consider the limitations of this research &ith financial and time factors to $e consider for more detailed and accurate re(ort. The more (artici(ation of (artici(ants from the different area of societ0 is (artici(ated for to recogni*e the real (ro$lem of &hat leads to the (eo(le for $inge drinking and drug use also ho& it can reduce according to the alcohol and drug (olic0 of 5; government. ...........................................................!-

    7
    %onclusion........................................................................................................................................................... !-

    APPENDI@ES-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------83
    A..19D7<1"4 A................................................................................................................................................... !/ A..19D7<1"4 B................................................................................................................................................... !/ A..19D7<1"4 %................................................................................................................................................... ! A..19D7<1"4 D................................................................................................................................................... ! A..19D7<1"4 1................................................................................................................................................... 4'

    ............................................................................................................................................................................... 41

    LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<.
    6igure4 1 (redicted &orld (o(ulation................................................................................................................. 41

    LIST OF TABLES----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<<
    Ta$le4 1 Alcoholic drink and standard drink content.......................................................................................44

    WORKS CITED--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<< ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<2

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
    Than's to %ro#ram a )isor *rofessor 9(: &ho enco!ra#e thro!#ho!t the issertation &ith contin!o!s moti)ation an s!##estions &ith a #reat %atience an (namic moti)ation to the #oa$ "( %erse)erance+ In a ition, than'in# to those &ho %ro)i e %artici%ati)e s!%%ort an #!i e to con !ct on$ine s!r)e(, "esi es that, ac'no&$e #e #ratit! e to m( %arents those a$&a(s s!%%orte me &ith finance an enco!ra#ement to achie)e %rofessiona$ #oa$s+ F!rthermore, &o!$ $i'e to than's fac!$t( mem"ers of the Ethames #ra !ate schoo$ for the contin!o!s s!%%ort an %ermission to !se the $i"rar( &ith com%!ter an a$$ie necessar( st! ( materia$s+

    ABSTRACT
    The 5nited ;ingdom is the highest $inge drinking ca(ital in the &orld: $esides that: alcohol a$use and drug misuse in the 5nited ;ingdom is a serious (ro$lem. The research recogni*ed that this serious issue of $inge drinks and drug use in the communit0 threatening health and social consistenc0. 7t has estimated that $et&een 25':''' and !5':''' children have a (arent or (arents &ho are drug users in the 5nited ;ingdom. The culture of $inge drinking costs =-.2 $illion in crime and disorder and =1.2 $illion in health care issues annuall0. The term $inge> &as used in its clinical sense to refer to a (eriodic $out of continual drinking: (erha(s over a (eriod of da0s: $0 someone &ho &as alcohol de(endent: and ending onl0 &hen the drinker &as una$le to continue. 7t also refers to high intake of alcohol in a single drinking occasion. This research carried out for finding the im(act of drug use and $inge drinking rose in the 5; communit0. The stud0 has taken a critical a((roach to the (resent alcohol and drug use culture and assessed the various factors that connected $inge drinking and drug use that negativel0 affect the drug and alcohol strateg0 of the 5; government. The investigation identifies significant factors that e2isted in the 5; societ0. The investigation carries out to find out the various significant factors relating &ith the research (ro$lem and find out the solution to $ridge the ga( $et&een the kno&ledge ga( $0 defined statement of (ur(ose $0 ,ualitative ,uestions $0 focusing the issues. The investigation carried out through the (u$lished literature and investigated the $ackground histor0 and culture of 5; and the e2isting status in alcoholic drinking and drug use. Besides that: it anal0*ed the 5;>" alcoholic drinking (olic0 and alcoholic and drug strateg0 of 5; government. 7n addition: the stud0 covers the historical heritage and histor0 for ho& it affects the $inge drinking nature. The stud0 investigated ho& the (u$lic health care s0stem &orks for (u$lic and ho& the alcoholic a$use costs in 9+": la& and order: em(lo0ees and em(lo0ers and societ0.

    The stud0 further investigated the im(acts of short term and long?term (ro$lems connected &ith the $inge drinking and drug use and ho& it related &ith different age grou( and gender differences. The stud0 covers the area of overall harm of $inge drinking and the connections $et&een $inge drinking and drug use. Besides that: it investigated the connections $et&een drug use and leisure (lace and communit0 grou(s in the leisure industr0. The methodolog0 used in this investigation in the form of action research "eca!se it see's to in)esti#ate an !se the o!tcome to inform an im%ro)e the sit!ation !n er in)esti#ation+ It &i$$ "orro& other t&o2research %ara i#m, &hich is /!a$itati)e an /!antitati)e+ The i ea of !sin# "oth /!a$itati)e an /!antitati)e metho s is that action research 'no&n not to ha)e an( forma$ metho s of either ata co$$ection or ata ana$(sis+ Accor in# to Denscom"e ;5665, %+ <=> he ar#!es that ?action research has no forma$ metho s of either ata co$$ection or ana$(sis &hi$e E$$iot ;3@@3, %+ 4=> )ie&s action research as the %rocess of im%ro)in# %ractice rather than %ro !cin# 'no&$e #e+

    The ma@or findings of the research from the sam(le (o(ulation of age 1/?/' &ere: the main (artici(ant>s age grou( &as 1/?25 and 26?!!. These $oth age grou( (artici(ation &as 2/ (er cent and it &as the highest (artici(ation: the 6- (er cent of (artici(ants from metro .olitian cities and 22 (er cent from other (art of the 5; and 12 (er cent from out of 5;. The total &as / (er cent from 5; and 11 (er cent from outside 5.;. The male (artici(ants &ere 6! (er cent and female (artici(ants &ere !- (er cent. The dail0 drinkers &ere !- (er cent and &eekl0 drinkers &ere 42 (er cent. There are no constant monthl0 drinkers. There are 16 (er cent drinkers onl0 s(ecial occasion and 5 (er cent never drink alcohol. There are - (er cent of sam(le (o(ulation a&are a$out $inge drinking and 21 (er cent not a&are a$out $inge drinking. There are 56 (er cent of the sam(le (o(ulation is $inge drinkers: $ut 44 (er cent of the sam(le (o(ulation take !?4 standard drink in a t0(ical da0 drinking and 2/ (er cent taking 5?6 drinks. There are !- (er cent of the sam(le (o(ulation drinks 6 or more drinks &eekl0 in an occasion and 21 (er cent less than monthl0 res(ectivel0. There are 6! (er cent of the sam(le (o(ulation suffered short? term (ro$lems and !- (er cent not suffered it. The -4 (er cent not made in@uries self or to others. There are !- (er cent suffered long?term (ro$lems and 6! (er cent not suffered long?term (ro$lems. There are 6/ (er cent of the sam(le (o(ulation committed un&anted or un(rotected se2. There are 42 (er cent of the sam(le (o(ulation used some kind of drugs and !2 (ercent of sam(le (o(ulation selected (u$s for alcohol consum(tion and 42 (er cent taking alcohol in other (laces. The se2ual offence victims are 16 (er cent and street crimes victims are 5! (er cent out of the total sam(le (o(ulation.

    There are seventeen final (artici(ants and it found that 5 females and 1' males are living in 5nited ;ingdom and 2 &ere not living in 5; and other t&o &ere from outside of 5;. The age grou( &as 1 ?-' in si2 categories classified and recogni*ed from metro(olitan cities and outside metro(olitan cities. 7t has identified ho& often the0 are drinking: such as dail0: &eekl0: or s(ecial occasions or never drink. 7t has further identified that a$out the $inge drinking a&areness and ho& much standard drinks taking in different time: such as dail0: less than monthl0: monthl0 or &eekl0 and never. The $inge drinking ,uantities decided to choose $0 (artici(ants &ere !?4: 5?6: -? : and 1' or more and or not kno&n. The $inge drinking ha$it decided $0 ho& often the (artici(ants consuming si2 or more standard drinks for dail0 or almost dail0: less than monthl0: monthl0: &eekl0 or never. Then it follo&s &ith the short?term (ro$lems and long?term (ro$lems like&ise &hether

    10

    made an0 accidents of self?in@ur0 and in@ur0 to others. The research for further seeks &hether it leads (artici(ants to un(rotected se2 or un&anted se2. 6inall0 it find out that drug use of the (artici(ants and &here the0 (refer to take alcohol : like &ise (u$s: living house: (arks or other (laces. The research further en,uired the traffic violation of the (artici(ant AA((endi2es ? B? 1B

    The research reca(itulated that: the im(act of $inge drinking and drug use is a (ro$lem of the $inge drinking ca(ital 5;. The $inge drinking and drug use are allied &ith crimes and allied leisure industries. The re,uired measures has to take control the identified (ro$lems: such as the $inge drinking a&areness &as - (er cent and alcohol drinkers &as 56 (er cent. The 44 (er cent of the (o(ulation &as non?alcoholic drinkers. There are connections &ith education and a&areness: la& and order and the overall culture caused the research (ro$lem of $inge drinking: $esides that the various cultural factors also contri$ute.

    LIST OF FIGURES FIG D . AGE GROUP OF POPULATION----------ERROR; REFERENCE SOURCE NOT FOUND FIG D 1 POPULATION CALCULATION BASED ON METROPOLITAN CITIES--------ERROR; REFERENCE SOURCE NOT FOUND FIG D 8 NATIONALITY AND GENDER OF POPULATION--ERROR; REFERENCE SOURCE NOT FOUND FIG D < TIME INTERVAL OF DRINKING BY SAMPLE POPULATION-----------------------ERROR; REFERENCE SOURCE NOT FOUND FIG D 6 AWARENESS OF BINGE DRINKING BY SAMPLE POPULATION----------------ERROR; REFERENCE SOURCE NOT FOUND FIG D = AVERAGE PERIODIC BINGE DRINKING------ERROR; REFERENCE SOURCE NOT FOUND FIG D 2 BINGE DRINKING SHORT TERM PROBLEM AND IN/URIES----------------------ERROR; REFERENCE SOURCE NOT FOUND FIG D 3 -BINGE DRINKING AND UNSAFE AND UNWANTED SE@-- -ERROR; REFERENCE SOURCE NOT FOUND

    11

    FIG D C - THE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION PLACE AND ILLICIT DRUG USE4---------ERROR; REFERENCE SOURCE NOT FOUND FIG D .7 COMMUNITY E@PERIENCE AND TRAFFIC VIOLATION BY PARTICIPANT -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------ERROR; REFERENCE SOURCE NOT FOUND

    List of A%%en i.es


    APPENDI@ES---------------------------------------------------------ERROR; REFERENCE SOURCE NOT FOUND
    A..19D7<1"4 A............................................................................................ 1rror4 Reference source not found A..19D7<1"4 B............................................................................................ 1rror4 Reference source not found A..19D7<1"4 %............................................................................................ 1rror4 Reference source not found A..19D7<1"4 D............................................................................................ 1rror4 Reference source not found A..19D7<1"4 1............................................................................................. 1rror4 Reference source not found

    CHAPTER .; INTRODUCTION
    .-. Ba(F,!"#n&
    The foc!s of this st! ( &as for &hether the "in#e rin'in# has raise an( %ro"$em in Unite Ain# om+ The "in#e rin'in# an r!# !se mi#ht ha)e connection &ith crimes+ *$ain$(, amon# those crimes some %ro%ortion of e$ements to r!# !se+ -esi es that in Unite Ain# om there are )ario!s crimes re%orte in )ario!s a#e #ro!%s inc$! in# (o!n# %eo%$e+ F!rthermore it foc!s on &hether "in#e rin'in# co!%$e &ith street fi#ht, ro""er( an comm!nit( %ro"$ems, In a ition it in)esti#ate the iss!es re$atin# &ith "in#e rin'in# an r!# !se in comm!nities an &hich meas!res are in %$ace to ta'e attem%t the "in#e rin' an r!# ca%ti)atin# in the comm!nit(+ The Unite Ain# om is the is$an co!ntr(, sit!ate in North of E!ro%e continent an &hich consists of En#$an , Ba$es, an Scot$an an Northern %art of the is$an of Ire$an &ith ca%ita$ as Lon on+ The %o%!$ation %re iction of 5637 is C7,7@<,<D4 ;Census Bureau, 2013) &ith a tota$ area of @7,=<3 s/!are mi$es ;547,6D7 s/+'m> &ith a D@+CE !r"an %o%!$ation an 56+4E of the r!ra$ %o%!$ation+ The %o%!$ation consists of ifferent ethnic #ro!%s from other continents inc$! in# Best In ies, So!th Asia, U+S+A, A!stra$ia, So!th East Asia, an Sri Lan'a+ The forei#n2 "orn %o%!$ation resi in# in inner cit( areas an more than ha$f sett$e in Greater Lon on+ The Unite Ain# om has an in e%en ent, e)e$o%e an &ith an internationa$ tra in# econom( an %artner &ith U+S+A for in)estment an tra in#, "esi es that Fa%an is an in)estor in $oca$

    12

    %ro !ction+ In a ition, the e)e$o%in# East Asian co!ntries &ith its e.%ort oriente econom( "ase in the Unite Ain# om+ Li'e&ise, the #ro&th of ser)ice in !str( in Unite Ain# om %ro)i es t&o thir of the GD* "( ser)ice in !str( an three fo!rth of the tota$ em%$o(ment+ The Unite Ain# omGs %o%!$ation consists of ifferent ethnic #ro!%s &ith m!$tic!$t!ra$ "eha)iors+ C!$t!re is ?H socia$ herita#e of a #ro!% ;or#ani:e comm!nit( or societ(>+ It is a %attern of res%onses isco)ere , e)e$o%e , or in)ente !rin# the #ro!%Is histor( of han $in# %ro"$ems &hich arise from interactions amon# its mem"ers, an "et&een them an their en)ironment+ These res%onses are consi ere the correct &a( to %ercei)e, fee$, thin', an act, an are %asse on to the ne& mem"ers thro!#h immersion an teachin#+ C!$t!re etermines &hat is acce%ta"$e or !nacce%ta"$e, im%ortant or !nim%ortant, ri#ht or &ron#, &or'a"$e or !n&or'a"$e+ It encom%asses a$$ $earne an share , e.%$icit or tacit, ass!m%tions, "e$iefs, 'no&$e #e, norms, an )a$!es, as &e$$ as attit! es, "eha)ior, ress, an $an#!a#e+HH ;-!siness Dictionar(, 5637>

    The herita#e an c!$t!re, c$imate an econom( ha)e im%act on mo$ in# the "eha)ior of the societ(, "esi es that the inf$!ence an in)o$)ement of )ario!s ethnic #ro!%s as an or#ani:e comm!nit( a$so inf$!ence o)er the c!$t!re+ The U+A #o)ernment is committe to %ro)i e e/!a$ o%%ort!nities to the citi:ens &itho!t an( iscrimination+ The U+A Hea$th Care s(stem ;NHS2 Nationa$ Hea$th Ser)ices> "e$on#s to the %eo%$e an the NHS %o$ic( re)ea$s that, it %ro)i es com%rehensi)e ser)ices to the %!"$ic an it a)ai$a"$e to a$$ irres%ecti)e of race, #en er, isa"i$it(, a#e, se.!a$ orientation, re$i#ion or "e$ief, #en er reassi#nment, %re#nanc( an maternit( or ci)i$ %artnershi% stat!s+ ( Department of Health, 2013, ) Therefore the chan#in# emo#ra%h( co2e.iste &ith historica$, c!$t!ra$ #eo#ra%hica$, %o$itica$ an socio economic factors those affectin# the comm!nit( an it has a ma0or ro$e to inf$!ence the comm!nit(+

    .-1 Stat % nt "' th ! s a!(h G!"$) %


    The s!r)e( commissione "( the E!ro%ean Commission in 5636, A%ri$, %!"$ishe "( The Te$e#ra%h ;The Te$e#ra%h, 5636>, re)ea$e that ?? -ritain is the "in#e rin'in# ca%ita$ of E!ro%eHH+ The s!r)e( re)ea$s 35E of the %o%!$ation ta'en ten rin's in a sin#$e ni#ht o!t, "esi es that the -ritish are not EUGs most re#!$ar rin'ers an on$( cons!min# an a)era#e of fo!r times a &ee', that is &h( the( ha)e ta'en it at one sittin# an it sho&s the fai$!re of 54 ho!r rin'in# $a&s that intro !ce in 566<+ A recent Swedish study, for example, defines a binge as the consumption of half a bottle of spirits or two bottles of wine on the same occasion. Similarly, a study in Italy found that consuming an average of eight drinks a day considered normal drinking clearly not binging. In the United ingdom, binging commonly defined as consuming !! or more drinks on an occasion. "owever, in the United States, some researchers have defined binging as consuming five or more drinks on an occasion #an $occasion$ can refer to an entire day%. And now some have even expanded the definition to include consuming four or more drinks on an occasion by a woman&. #"anson, '(!)%

    13 The U+A #o)ernment in icate that, the %eo%$e sho!$ not rin' more than the a$$o&e !nits instr!cte in the #!i e$ines of 724 !nits of stan ar rin' to men an 527 !nits of stan ar rin' to &omen+ The NHS efines "in#e rin'in# is rin'in# $ots of a$coho$ in a short istance of time or r!n' to fee$ effects of a$coho$+ The U+A #o)ernment %oint o!t that, "in#e rin'in# for men are more than ei#ht stan ar !nits of a$coho$ rin' an for &omen more than C !nits of stan ar a$coho$ rin'+ (NHS Choices , 2013) The "in#e rin'in# $ea s se)ere hea$th %ro"$ems than fre/!ent rin' of sma$$ stan ar /!antities+ The "in#e rin'in# affects %h(sica$ an menta$ hea$th, "esi es that it ca!se to acci ents, fa$$s, an acci ents at home an in e.treme cases, eath ma( occ!r+ The short term %ro"$ems an $on# term %ro"$ems !e to a$coho$ cons!m%tion $ea s to se)ere sta#es, "esi es that the "in#e rin'in# ca!se to anti socia$, a##ressi)e an )io$ent "eha)ior+ The a"!si)e a$coho$ic cons!m%tion has a )ita$ ro$e in se.!a$ offences, "!r#$aries, an street crimes+ The "in#e rin'in# is common in 3C254 (ears of a#es in U+A, it is common in men than &oman, an "in#e rin'in# in (o!n#er sta#e "ecome a ha"it in $ater+ (Dink A re!co!uk, 2013) Refers to the hea$th an socia$ care information centre ;hscis, 5637> con !cte a s!r)e( in 5635 "et&een the a#e #ro!% of 33 3< in 5<4 schoo$ amon# D<=@ %!%i$s a"o!t the smo'in#, rin'in# an r!# !se in schoo$s an it a$so re)ea$s the attit! e of %!%i$s to&ar s rin'in# an smo'in#+ The fin in#s &as 57 %er cent of the %!%i$ &ere trie smo'in# ai$ease once+ The 47 %er cent of #ir$s an "o(s e/!a$$( trie a$coho$ic rin's an increase it from the a#e a#e 33 (ears "( 35 %er cent to D4 %er cent in the a#e of 3< (ers+ The 3D %ercent of the %!%i$s ha ta'en i$$e#a$ r!#s at $east once an 3D %er cent trie one or more of smo'in# , a$coho$ic rin's or r!#s+ (hscis, 2013) Refers to Dr!#s an a$coho$ Research Unit, Home office, Lon on, U+A, accor in# to ;Richar son A, 5667> their research con !cte for the "ac'#ro!n sit!ation of a$coho$ re$ate crimes that increasin#$( reco#ni:e in cities a" to&ns in famo!s entertainment istricts, it is fo!n that crime an isor er %artic!$ar$( connecte &ith "in#e rin'in#, "esi es that (o!n# a !$t a#e #ro!%s are most $i'e$( in)i$)e in crime an isor er+ The research re)ea$s the re$ationshi% "et&een "in#e rin'in# an crimina$ an a$so isor er$( "eha)io!r amon# the a#e #ro!% of 3=254 (ears+ The s!r)e( res!$ts sho&s that the "in#e rin'in#, es%ecia$$( the "in#e rin'in# of ma$e "et&een the a#e #ro!% 3=254 (ears o$ statistica$$( sho&n offen in# "eha)ior an 7@ %er cent of the "in#e rin'ers a mitte to committin# an offence, f!rthermore C6 %er cent of the them a mitte crimina$ or isor er$( "eha)ior on the occasion of a$coho$ cons!m%tion or after+ In a ition, m!$ti)ariate ana$(sis fo!n that %eo%$e those &ho ran' a$coho$ at $east once a &ee' #et $ess chance to in)o$)e in a crime or isor er+ In other, han the other o s there is more than fi)e time to #et in)o$)e &ith the fi#htin# or )io$ent crime+ an it conc$! e &ith a s!##estion of that fre/!enc( of r!n'enness is a %re ictor of offen in# "eha)ior an "in#e rin'in# $ea s (o!n# %eo%$e to crimes an isor ers an "in#e rin'in# c$ose$( associate &ith crimes an )io$ence an it is stron#er amon# (o!n# ma$es than fema$es+ (Census Bureau, 2013)

    Refers --C, as %er the st! ( "( the *rime MinisterGs Strate#( Unit re)ea$s that 3D mi$$ion &or'in# a(s are $ost !e to the rin' re$ate %ro"$ems, "esi es that the estimate cost to the em%$o(ers i J C+4 "i$$ion an cost to the NHS is J 3+D "i$$ion %er (ear re$ate &ith the rin'in# re$ate eseases an %ro"$ems+ In a ition the e.%enses re$ate &ith c$earin# the a$coho$ re$ate crimes an comm!nit( %ro"$ems an a$so there are 55666 %remat!re eath re%orte %er (ear re$ate &ith a$coho$ rin'in# an 3+5 "i$$ion inci ents re%orte for a$coho$ re$ate )io$ence+ The 46E of the hos%ita$ case re%orte "et&een mi ni#ht an < AM are a$coho$ re$ate cases+ (BBC, 2003)

    14

    In s!mmar(, the a$coho$ic cons!m%tion, "in#e rin'in# an r!# !se corre$ate &ith the crimes an comm!nit( iss!es , "esi es that it increases the #o)ernmentGs me ica$ e.%enses, $a& an or er e.%enses, !n%remat!re eaths, &or' ho!r $oss an financia$ $oss to the em%$o(ers+ Threfore this st! ( is efinite$( si#nificant to contri"!te so$!tions for contro$$in# "in#e rin'in# an r!# !se "( recommen e fin in#s+

    .-8 Kn"w) &, ,aGs an& ! )ati"n with this ! s a!(h


    Des%ite i)erse effort to contri"!te recommen ations for the re$ationshi% amon# "in#e rin'in# an r!# !se an its connection &ith crimes an the %ro%ortion of a$$ the crimes to "e attri"!te to r!# !se for the re%orte crimes in U+A are not in)esti#ate the connections f!rther more for the street fi#ht an ro""eries+ The %ro%ose research fi$$s the #a% "et&een the raise /!estions !% to an e.tent an contri"!tes 'no&$e #e+

    .-< Stat % nt "' th G#!G"s


    The %!r%ose of this corre$ation st! ( &as to etermine the factors of connections of "in#e rin'in# an r!# ta'in# &ith crimes an critica$$( in)esti#ate the iss!es re$atin# to "in#e rin'in# an r!# ta'in# in comm!nities, "esi es that i entif( &hich meas!res are in %$ace to tac'$e the "in#e rin'in# an r!# ta'in# in the comm!nit(+

    .-6 R s a!(h +# sti"ns


    The stud0 designed to ans&er seventeen ,ualitative research ,uestions to ans&er the research ga( and limitations of (revious (u$lished researches. The data collection on this stud0 &as conducted an online surve0 &ith ,ualitativel0 designed ,uestions and the ,ualitative data anal0sis (rovided detailed ,uantitative information a$out the research ga( from the (artici(ated (o(ulation.

    3+<+3 The K!a$itati)e Research K!estions


    1. 2. !. 4. 5. 6. -. Chat age grou( 0ou are $e inD 7f 0ou are living in 5.; &hich %859TE: 0ou are in. Are 0ou living in 5nited ;ingdomD Are Eou )ale or 6emaleD +o& often &ould 0ou drink AlcoholD Are 0ou a&are of $inge drinkingD +o& much standard drink containing alcohol do 0ou have on a t0(ical da0 &hen 0ou are drinkingD /. +o& often do 0ou have si2 or more drinks on one occasionD . +ave 0ou ever suffered the short?term (ro$lems of alcohol drinkingD 1'. +ave 0ou ever made in@ur0 to self or others after consum(tion of alcoholD 11. +ave 0ou ever faced long?term (ro$lems of alcohol consum(tionD 12. +ave 0ou ever $een $inge drink lead 0ou to un(rotected se2 or un&anted se2D 1!. +ave 0ou used an0 other into2icating drugs in an0 ,uantit0D 14. Chere 0ou are normall0 consuming alcohol drinksD

    15

    15. +ave 0ou ever $een a victim of communit0 (ro$lems $0 $inge drinkersD 16. +ave 0ou ever made traffic violation due to $inge drinkingD

    3+C The K!a$itati)e K!estions an Aims


    The ,ualitative online research surve0 &as not onl0 identif0ing the ,ualitative measures su((orting to gather additional su((orting information: $ut also for ans&er the research ,uestion. The research ,uestion &as. Are $inge drinking and drug using a main (ro$lem in the 5.;D There for the stud0 focus on the 5; and it is im(ortant $ecause there are concerns that there might $e a correlation among drug use: $inge drinking and crime and that some ,uantit0 of all crime ma0 (erha(s recogni*ed to drug use. 7n the 5nited ;ingdom: there are re(orted crimes amongst 0oung (eo(le $ut the0 are not classified or not investigated au2iliar0 to &hether the $inge drinking had let associated to the street fight or ro$$er0. 7n addition: the research o$@ective &as? 1. To criticall0 anal0*e the connection $et&een $inge drinking: drugs and crimes 2. To criticall0 investigate issues relating to $inge drinking and drug taking in communities !. To investigate &hich measures are in (lace to tackle the $inge drinking and drug taking in the communit0D Therefore: the online ,uestionnaire (re(ared to collect information to @ustif0 the research to(ic and research ,uestion and o$@ectives. The ,uestionnaire su$mitted to find out the age grou( of the (o(ulation and &hether the0 are residing in 5.; and if so &here the0 are residing and is it in &est midlands or an0 other metro(olitan counties or other (art of the 5.;: $esides that to identif0 the gender of the (artici(ants and their drinking occasions. 7n addition all (artici(ants might not a&are of &hat is $inge drinking and the standard drink unit of one drink: therefore to make a&are of them a$out $inge drinking ,uantit0: the ,uestionnaire (rovided &ith sim(lified ta$le ATa$le # 1B for accurate results. 7n addition to confirm the $inge drinking ha$it covers the ,uestion ho& often drink si2 or more standard drink taken in one sitting or one occasion. 6urthermore: the research ,uestion confirms the long term and short?term (ro$lems suffered $0 the (artici(ants $ecause of alcohol consum(tion and $inge drinking. "imilarl0: the research ,uestion en,uired the connections of violation of safe se2 and un&anted se2 and connections &ith drug use. 7n addition: it identifies &hether &here &as the (lace the0 o(ted for the alcohol consum(tion and collected information a$out &hether the0 &ere victims of offences or (ro$lems made $0 $inge drinkers in the communit0. The communit0 (ro$lems are se2ual offence: $urglaries: and street crimes or an0 other street crimes. 6inall0: collected information &hether the (artici(ants had $een did an0 traffic violation reason $0 alcoholic consum(tion.

    16

    CHAPTER 1; LITERATURE REVIEW


    The Binge drinking is the e2cessive use of alcohol. The 9ational 7nstitute on Alcohol A$use and Alcoholism defines $inge drinking as: a pattern of drinking that brings a
    persons blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to 0.08 grams percent or above. This t picall happens !hen men cons"me # or more drinks$ and !hen !omen cons"me % or more drinks$ in abo"t & ho"rs''. A97AAA: 2'' B

    The most $inge drinkers are not alcoholic de(endent: $ut $inge drinking normall0 refers to the consum(tion of a lot of alcohol in a single sitting or short (eriod. A9+" %hoices : 2'1!B or drinking a lot to get drunk. The research studies defined the $inge drinking standard drinks for 5.; as eight or more standard drinks for men and si2 or more standard drink for &omen: even though this definition of $inge drinking ,uantit0 of standard drink not effective to ever0one: it de(ends on the Blood Alcohol %ontent ABA%B that e2ceeds the clinicall0 (roved limited ,uantit0 of '.'/ grams. Therefore the $inge drinking can define in other &ords such as: F$inge drinking refers to the e2ceeding of standard drink: that not limits the Blood Alcohol %ontent of '.'/grams de(ending on the (h0sical ca(a$ilities of the drinker in a short time lagG There is no internationall agreed definition of binge drinking$ b"t in the ()$ drinking s"rve s normall define binge drinkers as men cons"ming at least eight$ and !omen at least si* standard "nits of alcohol in a single da $ that is$ do"ble the ma*im"m recommended +safe limit for men and !omen respectivel ''
    ;An erson, 566=> s!##ests that, the &or'in# efinition of "in#e rin'in# is the ass!m%tion of C o# a$coho$ for men an 4 o# a$coho$ for &omen in a %erio of a%%ro.imate$( t&o ho!rs+

    The British Broadcasting %om(an0 that FBritain>s teenagers are among the heaviest drinkers and drug?users in 1uro(eG cited it ABB%: Tuesda0: 14 Decem$er 2''4B. This student &ill strive to do a com(arison $et&een these grou(s to find &hether the level of consum(tion is similar to that of the 5nited ;ingdom. There are not man0 revie&s done so far in this stud0 Arevie& of literatureB although: the researcher is much a&are that there is (lent0 of literature revie& out there to accom(an0 this stud0. )ost vie&s are from the researcherHs e2(erience as &ell as that of the British media and the government. According to the 7nstitute of Alcohol "tudies 7nstitute of Alcohol "tudies A14 Iune 2''-B: the0 stress thatJ

    FThere is no internationall0 agreed definition of $inge drinking: $ut in the 5;: drinking surve0s normall0 define $inge drinkers as men consuming at least eight: and &omen at least si2 standard units of alcohol in a single da0: that is: dou$le the ma2imum recommended Ksafe limit> for men and &omen res(ectivel0. 8n the $asis of this definition: as can $e seen from the gra(h $elo&: the (revalence of $inge drinking: having reached a (eak around 2''2: $egan to decline from 2''!.G

    17

    Chile most concern and attention in Britain is focus on $inge drinking in 0oung (eo(le: in &hom it is indeed most (revalent: it is not restricted to them: $ut continues on a diminishing scale through adult life. Those &ho $inge drink in their earl0 2's are more likel0 to $inge drink in their 4's4 half for &omen dou$le the risk for men and increase. 16?0ear?old males &ho drink more than seven units (er &eek or one?and?a?half times more likel0 than lighter drinkers to $inge drink in their !'s and 4's. 6emales &ho rarel0 or never drink at age 16 are less likel0 even than light drinkers to $e $inge drinkers later in life are. 7nstitute of Alcohol "tudies A14 Iune 2''-B Data regarding 5; &ill $e gathered through the research methods e2(lained a$ove: as &ell as from government records. Refers to Drugs and alcohol Research 5nit: +ome office: 3ondon: 5.;: according to ARichardson A: 2''!B their research conducted for the $ackground situation of alcohol related crimes that increasingl0 recogni*ed in cities a$d to&ns in famous entertainment districts: it is found that crime and disorder (articularl0 connected &ith $inge drinking: $esides that 0oung adult age grou(s are most likel0 invilved in crime and disorder. The research reveals the relationshi( $et&een $inge drinking and criminal and also disorderl0 $ehaviour among the age grou( of 1/?24 0ears. The surve0 results sho&s that the $inge drinking: es(eciall0 the $inge drinking of male $et&een the age grou( 1/?24 0ears old statisticall0 sho&n offending $ehavior and ! (er cent of the $inge drinkers admitted to committing an offence: furthermore 6' (er cent of the them admitted criminal or disorderl0 $ehavior on the occasion of alcohol consum(tion or after. 7n addition: multivariate anal0sis found that (eo(le those &ho drank alcohol at least once a &eek get less chance to involve in a crime or disorder. 7n other: hand the other odds there is more than five time to get involved &ith the fighting or violent crime. and it concluded &ith a suggestion of that fre,uenc0 of drunkenness is a (redictor of offending $ehavior and $inge drinking leads 0oung (eo(le to crimes and disorders and $inge drinking closel0 associated &ith crimes and violence and it is stronger among 0oung males than females. (Census Bureau, 2013) Refers BB%: as (er the stud0 $0 the .rime )inister>s "trateg0 5nit reveals that 1million &orking da0s are lost due to the drink related (ro$lems: $esides that the estimated cost to the em(lo0ers id = 6.4 $illion and cost to the 9+" is = 1.- $illion (er 0ear related &ith the rinking related deseases and (ro$lems. 7n addition the e2(enses related &ith clearing the alcohol related crimes and communit0 (ro$lems and also there are 22''' (remature death re(orted (er 0ear related &ith alcohol drinking and 1.2 $illion incidents re(orted for alcohol related violence. The 4'L of the hos(ital cased re(orted $et&een midnight and 5 A) are alcohol related cases. (BBC, 2003) 7n summar0: the alcoholic consum(tion: $inge drinking and drug use correlated &ith the crimes and communit0 issues : $esides that it increases the government>s medical e2(enses: la& and order e2(enses: un(remature deaths: &ork hour loss and financial loss to the em(lo0ers. Threfore this stud0 is definitel0 significant to contri$ute solutions for controlling $inge drinking and drug use $0 recommended findings.
    Refers to Dr!#s an a$coho$ Research Unit, Home office, Lon on, U+A, accor in# to ;Richar son A, 5667> their research con !cte for the "ac'#ro!n sit!ation of a$coho$ re$ate crimes that increasin#$(

    18 reco#ni:e in cities a" to&ns in famo!s entertainment istricts, it is fo!n that crime an isor er %artic!$ar$( connecte &ith "in#e rin'in#, "esi es that (o!n# a !$t a#e #ro!%s are most $i'e$( in)i$)e in crime an isor er+ The research re)ea$s the re$ationshi% "et&een "in#e rin'in# an crimina$ an a$so isor er$( "eha)io!r amon# the a#e #ro!% of 3=254 (ears+ The s!r)e( res!$ts sho&s that the "in#e rin'in#, es%ecia$$( the "in#e rin'in# of ma$e "et&een the a#e #ro!% 3=254 (ears o$ statistica$$( sho&n offen in# "eha)ior an 7@ %er cent of the "in#e rin'ers a mitte to committin# an offence, f!rthermore C6 %er cent of the them a mitte crimina$ or isor er$( "eha)ior on the occasion of a$coho$ cons!m%tion or after+ In a ition, m!$ti)ariate ana$(sis fo!n that %eo%$e those &ho ran' a$coho$ at $east once a &ee' #et $ess chance to in)o$)e in a crime or isor er+ In other, han the other o s there is more than fi)e time to #et in)o$)e &ith the fi#htin# or )io$ent crime+ an it conc$! e &ith a s!##estion of that fre/!enc( of r!n'enness is a %re ictor of offen in# "eha)ior an "in#e rin'in# $ea s (o!n# %eo%$e to crimes an isor ers an "in#e rin'in# c$ose$( associate &ith crimes an )io$ence an it is stron#er amon# (o!n# ma$es than fema$es+ (Census Bureau, 2013)

    Refers BB%: as (er the stud0 $0 the .rime )inister>s "trateg0 5nit reveals that 1million &orking da0s are lost due to the drink related (ro$lems: $esides that the estimated cost to the em(lo0ers id = 6.4 $illion and cost to the 9+" is = 1.- $illion (er 0ear related &ith the rinking related deseases and (ro$lems. 7n addition the e2(enses related &ith clearing the alcohol related crimes and communit0 (ro$lems and also there are 22''' (remature death re(orted (er 0ear related &ith alcohol drinking and 1.2 $illion incidents re(orted for alcohol related violence. The 4'L of the hos(ital cased re(orted $et&een midnight and 5 A) are alcohol related cases. (BBC, 2003) 7n summar0: the alcoholic consum(tion: $inge drinking and drug use correlated &ith the crimes and communit0 issues : $esides that it increases the government>s medical e2(enses: la& and order e2(enses: un(remature deaths: &ork hour loss and financial loss to the em(lo0ers. Threfore this stud0 is definitel0 significant to contri$ute solutions for controlling $inge drinking and drug use $0 recommended findings.

    5+3 The Im%act of -in#e Drin'in#


    Because of $inge drinking: there are various health (ro$lems associated &ith it: like&ise intentional and unintentional in@uries: alcoholic (oisoning: se2uall0 transmitted diseases: unintended (regnanc0: and children $orn &ith fetal alcoholic s(ectrum disorders. "imilarl0: it causes the high $lood (ressure: stroke: and cardiovascular diseases. 7n addition there $0 liver diseases: neurological damage: se2ual d0sfunction and (oor control of dia$etes and it is not limited &ith those (henomena. (CDC, 2012) 6ollo&ing the health conse,uences of $inge drinking: there are social im(acts of a$usive drinking like&ise street fighting: harassing (u$lic: $urglar0: and se2ual offences. The alcohol related crimes are increasing in entertainment to&ns and cities. The adult age grou( most likel0 engaged in the crime and disorder ANCBI, 2003) and alcohol is a factor for !' (er cent of the se2ual offences: !! (ercent of the $urglaries: and 5' (er cent of street crimes (Gill, 2002) The %99 re(ort stated that (Neild, 2013), the constant drinking in 5.; revolves around (u$s: $esides that the (u$s are the (laces &here relationshi(s $egins and ends: $egins deals: scores settled and com(lete life (la0s out there in the (u$s. The re(ort further states the numerical (ositions (ossess $0 &orld>s ten $est drinking nations. The 5nited

    19

    ;ingdom &as the num$er one in 1uro(e for alcoholic consum(tion: and then the tenth (osition holds $0 Australia: the once great drinkers once. The second (osition goes to china: the0 are the ma@or consumer of oil: and steel connected &ith a thirst0 &ork might have a connection &ith alcoholic consum(tion &ith their rank in highest (o(ulated countr0 &ith its ancient traditional culture. The third (osition holds $0 Russia and the0 have a &a0 of life &ith alcohol. The fourth $0 6rance &ith their uncivili*ed drinking ha$it of its 1uro(ean neigh$or countries .The 1cuador is in fifth (lace &ith their classical drinks and si2th (osition hold $0 former soviet state )oldova &ith fruit $rands. The ne2t seventh $0 (osition $0 "outh ;orea &ith their $oo*e acts let (eo(le get more $oo*e. The 5ganda holds eighth (osition &ith their illegall0 made $oo*e made from $ananas. The ninths $0 Merman0 and the0 are not $iggest $eer drinkers $ut it goes to %*echs. (Neild, 2013) #Alexander, '(!)% commented that, Alcohol abuse is not a significant cause of social problems, but is largely a result of those problems. *herefore, simplistic minimum wage laws, +ero tolerance, or reduction of consumption policies is doomed to failure.&&
    Conse/!ent$(, the a$coho$ic cons!m%tion interconnecte &ith the c!$t!re an tra ition, "esi es that the cons!m%tion )aries from ifferent c!$t!re to co!ntries+ Moreo)er, "in#e rin'in# co2factor &ith the %o%!$ation, #o)ernment %o$ic(, economic %ro#ress, &or'in# sit!ations, e !cation $e)e$ an the stat!s an sta"i$it( of the #o)ernment+ The Ain# om of Sa! i Ara"ia a o%te an fo$$o&s a non2a$coho$ic %o$ic( (BBC Ne s, 2001), "!t the m!$ti nationa$ities resi in# Unite Ara" Emirates %ro)i e &ith strict rationin# s(stem to %ro)i e other nationa$ities resi in# there an o%en $i/!or stores for other nationa$ities those &ho cons!me a$coho$+ ("he "ele#raph, 2013)

    5+5 A#e an #en er ifferences in -in#e Drin'in#


    Refers to (An$erson, 200%), ei#ht( mi$$ion E!ro%eans a#e fifteen an o)er re%orte as "in#e rin'ers in 566C an reco#ni:e as fi)e or more rin's ha in an occasion, s!ch as <6# a$coho$ at $east once in a &ee'+ The "in#e rin'in# &as common in << a#es an a"o)e in 566C+ The a)era#e 3< to 3C (ears o$ #ro!% cons!me si. or more stan ar rin' in an occasion, s!ch as C6 # a$coho$+ The st! ( f!rther re)ea$s that the a !$t men are more $i'e$( to rin' more than &omen irres%ecti)e of c!$t!res are+ In E!ro%e the men rin's t&o to three times more than the( rin's &omen+

    5+7 Socio economic ifferences


    R ' !s t" >An& !s"n4 1773?4 stat & that th )"w ! s"(i" ("n"%i( ,!"#Gs4 s#(h as )"w in("% 4 ) ss &#(at & an& )"w ! "((#Gati"na) ) H ) an& a)s" th #n %G)"* & a! %"st )iF )* t" a$stin n( a)("h") an& it s#its '"! $"th s I s an& "n th "th ! han& ("nsist n(* is hi,h ! wh n ("%Ga! & with % n in th"s ("%Ga! & with w"% n with hi,h ! &#(ati"n- Th

    5+4 The o)era$$ harm of "in#e rin'in#


    The "in#e rin'in# conse/!ences not on$( ris's the &or' %erformance "!t a$so res!$ts for )io$ent "eha)ior an it ca!se for %ersona$ intentiona$ an !nintentiona$ in0!ries+ In a ition the ne!ro%s(chiatric con itions an car io)asc!$ar iseases mi#ht occ!r+ Conse/!ent$(, the ris' of ris'( se.!a$ "eha)ior an %ro"$ems in re%ro !cti)e efficienc( an ris' of chance to o)era$$ eath mi#ht "e critica$ to the a"!si)e of a$coho$+ O")io!s$( these factors are not on$( create comm!nit(

    20

    %ro"$ems, %ersona$ an fami$( %ro"$ems "!t a$so creates &or' re$ate %ro"$ems an $oss to em%$o(ers an $oss of &or' ho!rs+ The )io$ent nat!re of "in#e rin'in# in)ites $a& an or er %ro"$ems an contro$ of it re/!ire #o)ernment reso!rces+ The short term an $on#2term hea$th re$ate %ro"$ems a$so in)ites %!"$ic e.%enses thro!#h NHS+ The a$coho$ a"!si)e f!rther creates re$ationa$ an fami$( %ro"$ems an comm!nit( %ro"$ems+ Therefore, the a$coho$ic o)er "oo:in# is a "!r en to #o)ernment an comm!nit(+

    5+< The Connection "et&een Dr!# !se an "in#e rin'in#


    The hea$th strate#( of UA #o)ernment is to re !ce "oth a$coho$ an recreationa$ r!#s amon# the citi:ens, es%ecia$$( the (o!n# (o!ths in the schoo$s an !ni)ersities+ The a$coho$ cons!m%tion an i$$icit r!# !se amon# schoo$s an !ni)ersit( st! ents note that, it is increasin# in the UA+ Refers to (& 'e((, 1))*), the artic$e on a$coho$ an r!# !se in UA Uni)ersit( st! ents amon# 76D< st! ents, o!t of those %o%!$ation 3C36 men an 344D &omen &ere from ifferent !ni)ersities in UA+ The fin in#s &ere 33 %er cent of the st! ents &ere non a$coho$ic rin'ers an C3 %er cent of the men an 4= %er cent of the &omen "rea's the sensi"$e $imit of stan ar rin' %er &ee'+ The "in#e rin'in# re%orte 5= %er cent an C6 %er cent of the men an << %er cent of the &omen !se canna"is once or t&ice an 56 %er cent re%orte as re#!$ar !sers of canna"is+ The st! ( f!rther fo!n that 77 %er cent of the sam%$e %o%!$ation ha re$ation &ith other r!#s+

    1-= Th C"nn (ti"n $ tw n D!#, #s an& ) is#! G)a( s


    The im%acts of i$$icit r!# !se an "in#e rin'in# of a$coho$ in the UA has connecte &ith )ario!s factors+ In or er to in)esti#ate the im%ortance of r!# !se an "in#e rin'in# in UA re/!ire foc!s on ifferent inter connecte factors+ Those st! ( mi#ht re)ea$s, is it a main %ro"$em facin# "( UA+ moreo)er critica$$( ana$(:e the connections "et&een "in#e rin'in#, r!# !se an crimes eman s to in)esti#ate the inter connections amon# the $eis!re in !str(, ethnic #ro!%s, e.%atriate nationa$ities an )ario!s comm!nities an &hich %ro)i es fin in#s of &hich meas!res are in %$ace to !n erta'e to co% !% &ith the a$coho$ an i$$icit r!# %o$ic( of the UA #o)ernment+ Accor in# to Dr, Aaren:a Moore ;Moore, 566<>, the co2in)esti#ator of Lancaster !ni)ersit( research %ro0ect ?researchin# recreationa$ r!# !se in $eis!re s%acesH %ointe o!t the re$ations "et&een the r!#s an $eis!re in !str(+ The st! ( foc!se on recreationa$ r!# cons!m%tion in $eis!re s%ace $i'e&ise "ars, ni#htc$!"s, m!sic an ance e)ents+ In a ition, it foc!se the omestic %arties an chi$$ o!ts+ The c$!""in# an cons!m%tion of a$coho$ an !se of i$$e#a$ r!#s &as $eis!re %ractices+ Conse/!ent$(, the crimina$i:ation an commercia$i:ation of c$!" c!$t!re is a #$o"a$ %henomenon+
    The st! ( &as !se ifferent metho s $i'e&ise sit! se$f re%ort s!r)e(, /!a$itati)e inter)ie&s, %artici%ant inter)ie& an o"ser)ation an it mo$ e the %ict!re of c$!"s an r!# c!$t!res an a$so inc$! e socia$ c$ass, #en er, se.!a$it(, race, ethnicit( &ith a$coho$ an r!# !se+ The research acti)ities ana$(:e &ith emer#ent r!# tren s ;EDT> inc$! in# the en !rin# a%%ea$ of ecstas( in ance an m!sic comm!nities an socia$ as%ects of 'etamine cons!m%tion, "esi es that MDMA %o& er or cr(sta$ !se as a %remi!m %ro !ct an GH-LG-L !se "( Lon on #a( comm!nit( an N*S an other !n'no&n &hite %o& er+ The st! ( a$so co)ere %re)a$ence an !se %atterns, conte.ts, meanin#s, moti)ation an conse/!ences of r!# !sers+ In a ition, the st! ( co)ere the officia$ res%onses to r( !se an ra)e or c$!" c!$t!re, "esi es that it critica$$( ana$(:e the nationa$ an internationa$ r!# %o$ic( an foc!se at the ?crimina$i:ation of into.ication ?in the UAGs ni#ht time econom(+

    21

    The con !cte st! ( &or'e o!t &ith c$!" #oers from ifferent ran#e of socia$ #ro!%s an "( mana#e e"ates to #enerate 'no&$e #e or fin in#s re#ar in# c$!""in# an i$$e#a$ r!# !se+ Simi$ar$( the st! ( in)o$)e "( ran#e of other a$coho$ an c$!" researchers, a$coho$ic an r!# ser)ice %ractitioners, me ics an $a& enforcement, "esi es the st! ( &as &ithin the a$coho$ an r!# st! ies, a%%$ie socia$ science, c$!" st! ies, crimino$o#( an (o!th st! ies+

    CHAPTER 8; METHODOLOGY
    This st! ( con !cte in the form of action research "eca!se it see's to in)esti#ate an !se the o!tcome to inform an im%ro)e the sit!ation !n er in)esti#ation+ It &i$$ "orro& other t&o2 research %ara i#m, &hich is /!a$itati)e an /!antitati)e+ The i ea of !sin# "oth /!a$itati)e an /!antitati)e metho s is that action research 'no&n not to ha)e an( forma$ metho s of either ata co$$ection or ata ana$(sis+ Accor in# to Denscom"e ;5665, %+ <=> he ar#!es that ?action research has no forma$ metho s of either ata co$$ection or ana$(sis &hi$e E$$iot ;3@@3, %+ 4=> )ie&s action research as the %rocess of im%ro)in# %ractice rather than %ro !cin# 'no&$e #e+ Research Metho o$o#( is the scientific an s(stematic &a( to so$)e research %ro"$ems+ A researcher has to esi#n his metho o$o#( in a ition to the 'no&$e #e of metho s or techni/!e, he, or she has to esi#n to a%%$( the metho o$o#( as &e$$+ The metho o$o#( ma( iffer from %ro"$em to %ro"$em+ Th!s, the sco%e of the metho o$o#( is &i er than research metho s+ In #enera$, research metho o$o#( ea$s &ith the research metho s an ta'es into consi eration the $o#ic "ehin the metho s ;-hattachar((a, 566<>+ Sa!n ers, et a$ ;5667> %oints o!t ?research metho is essentia$$( a"o!t e.%$icit e.%$anation of the %!r%ose of an in)esti#ation, etermination of the %o%!$ation to &hich the in)esti#ation is re$e)ant an the esi#n of the st! (H+
    This (ro@ect attem(ted to investigate the im(act of drug use and $inge drinking in the 5.; leisure industr0. 7t also checked &hether the $inge drinking is a ma@or (ro$lem faced $0 5; government. The research also investigated the root connections $et&een $inge drinking and drug use in 5; leisure industries. 6urthermore: investigated &hat measures have to undertake to control $inge drinking and drug use in the 5.;.

    The research metho s !se in this st! ( are "oth /!a$itati)e an /!antitati)e +The /!a$itati)e esi#n an metho &i$$ ena"$e this research to "e foc!se on #ettin# etai$e etai$s information from the sma$$ #ro!%+ This research &i$$ a$so !se /!antitati)e metho &hen !sin# face2to2face s!r)e( metho + In this case o%en an c$ose /!estion &i$$ "e !se &hich in most research #enerates /!antitati)e ata+ Data ana$(:e "( !sin# s%ecia$ too$s s!ch as Microsoft E.ce$ an other ata ana$(sis %ac'a#e of &hich the researcher &i$$ "e ta!#ht at the $ater sta#e+

    8-. R s a!(h M th"& D si,n


    *rimar( research in)o$)es %rimar( ata that nee to "e co$$ect "( the in)esti#ator himse$f for the %!r%ose of a s%ecific in/!ir( or st! (+ S!ch ata are ori#ina$ in character an is #enerate "( s!r)e(s con !cte "( in i)i !a$s or or#ani:ations ;-hattachar(a, 566<>+ Structured interview Accor in# to Gi$$ M Fohnson ;566<>, this is a /!a$itati)e metho that &i$$ !se "eca!se it is information or a isc!ssion that has no #!i e$ines, th!s a$$o&in# the research con !cte o%en$(+ Genera$ !n erstan in# of the %ro"$em for the researcher &as &e$$ s!%%orte "( str!ct!re metho as it has no "o!n aries an a$$o&s the researcher to e)e$o% the i eas+

    22

    ,uestionnaires are a /!antitati)e metho > that has "een referre in Mc-!rne( ;5663> as techni/!e of #atherin# ata "( as'in# /!estions from %eo%$e &ho are tho!#ht to ha)e the esire information+ Refers to (Halt, M. and Lennon, S.-. (1980), et.al, methodology is, Action research sim"ltaneo"sl assists in practical problem,solving and e*pands scientific kno!ledge$ as !ell as enhances the competencies of the respective factors$ being performed collaborativel in an immediate sit"ation "sing data feedback in a c clical process aiming at an increased "nderstanding of a given social sit"ation$ primaril applicable for the "nderstanding of change processes in social s stems and "ndertaken !ithin a m"t"all acceptable ethical frame!ork.'' The research carrie o!t &ith a on$ine s!r)e( containin# &ith si.teen /!a$itati)e /!estions an the res!$t ana$(:e in to /!antitati)e res!$ts+

    8-.-.Sa%G) s ) (ti"n "' G"G#)ati"n


    The research con !cte in UA an %artici%ants #i)en an o%tion to %artici%ate s!r)e( if the( ha sta(e "efore in UA+ There are t&ent(2one %artici%ants an o!t of that, fo!r res%onses not com%$ete a$$ the research /!estions+ The %artici%ants those &ho not ans&ere the research /!estion com%$ete$( remo)e from the tota$ %artici%ants $ist an confirme the sam%$e %o%!$ation as se)enteen+

    8-.-1 Sa%G) siJ


    Sam%$in# metho s carrie o!t an the sam%$e si:e &i$$ "e re$ati)e$( $ar#e, a$tho!#h it is estimate the si:e to !se+ Bhi$e #atherin# information, the st! ( &i$$ set to !se the moti)ation theor( in or er to #et eno!#h ata for the st! (+ *artici%ants &i$$ "e ma e comforta"$e to ans&er the /!estion an the( ha)e ri#ht to sa( no to certain /!estions &hich the( mi#ht fin har to ans&er The sam%$e si:e se$ection from the on$ine %artici%ants from the UA re#ion an o!t of tota$ %artici%ants consi ere as the sam%$e si:e s!ch as 3D %artici%ants+ The on$ine s!r)e( &as o%en to a$$ &itho!t an( restrictions of ethnicit(, se.!a$ iscrimination, an socia$ ifferences+

    8-.-8 S ttin,
    -ase study 2 -hattachar((a ;566<> efines it as a s(stematic &a( of he$%in# st! ents to $earn from e.%erience+ A more etai$e e.%$anation is #i)en o!t in Sa!n ers, et a$ ;5667> as cite in Ro"son ;5665, %#+ 3D=> that case st! ( is ?strate#( for oin# research &hich in)o$)es an em%irica$ in)esti#ation of a %artic!$ar contem%orar( %henomenon &ithin its rea$ $ife conte.t !sin# m!$ti%$e so!rces of e)i enceH+ A /!a$itati)e metho can !se to #ain !n erstan in# of some %ersonsG e.%erience thro!#h an in2 e%th inter)ie& "eca!se it %ro)i es !sef!$ an #oo /!otations+ Accor in# to Gi$$ M Fohnson ;566<>, case st! ( metho is one intensi)e$( foc!sin# on $imite 'no&n areas+

    8-1 H#%an !i,hts G!"t (ti"n


    The research carried out around schools as &ell as in the communit0 Ainvolving another mem$er of the communit0B in the chosen area. According to Denscom$e A2''2: (. 1'4B it &as suggested that Fall research is to $e $ounded &ith ethical issues: the ,uestionnaire need to ado(t an ethical stance: in &hich recognition is given to the res(ondents> right to have the

    23 information the0 su((l0 treated according to strict (rofessional standardsG. A letter also sent to other (artnershi( re,uesting &hether it is agreea$le for the research to carr0 out or to allo& using their data from (revious research. .artici(ants asked for (ermission in order to (artici(ate in the stud0. All names and material treated in a strictl0 confidential manner although the0 told of the outcome if the0 &ish so. Ra& data shredded after the data anal0sis stage.

    8-8 Sa%G) ! (!#it% nt


    The research (re collection used different data and information collection methods and for the final use made the online surve0 for ,uantitative anal0sis. Both (rimar0 as &ell as secondar0 data used for this research. The research is going to use more than one method for data collection a(art other than secondar0 and (rimar0 data collection. -econdar .esearch According to "aunders et al A2''!B: this method involves the use of the data that has alread0 $een collected $0 others. 7n secondar0 research: this data &as referring as "econdar0 data although it &as once termed as the (rimar0 data $0 the original (erson &ho collected it in the first (lace. 7n general secondar0 research unlike its (rimar0 counter(art involves information that has alread0 $een (u$lished or un(u$lished $ut e2ists. "ome e2am(les of "econdar0 research materials are e2isting government and non?government organi*ation statistics: research re(orts and @ournals. /rimar .esearch .rimar0 research involves (rimar0 data that need to $e collect $0 the investigator himself for the (ur(ose of a s(ecific in,uir0 or stud0. "uch data are original in character and is generate $0 surve0s conducted $0 individuals or organi*ations ABhattachar0a: 2''5B. -tr"ct"red intervie! # According to Mill N Iohnson A2''5B: this is a ,ualitative method that &ill $e use $ecause it is information or a discussion that has no guidelines: thus allo&ing the research to $e conduct o(enl0. Meneral understanding of the (ro$lem for the researcher &as &ell su((orted $0 structured method as it has no $oundaries and allo&s the researcher to develo( the ideas. 0"estionnaires are a ,uantitative methodB that has $een referred in )cBurne0 A2''1B as techni,ue of gathering data $0 asking ,uestions from (eo(le &ho are thought to have the desired information. 1ace to face$ s"rve ? this ,uantities method &ill also $e use in the research. 7t includes $oth o(en ,uestions as (re?coded: sam(le results can $e achieve &hen using this method thus allo&ing generali*ation if onl0 sufficient num$ers are surve0ed although it is time consuming ABhattachar0a: 2''!B 1oc"s gro"p? this is a ,ualitative method that &ill involve the grou( discussion &ith around 6?/ (eo(le and usuall0 lasts $et&een 1 and ! hours. Oikmund A2''5B (oints out that: this t0(e of research ca(itali*es on interaction $et&een (artici(ants: although the0 are not re(resentatives of a &ider (o(ulation: &hich does not allo& for generali*ation. Case st"d ? Bhattachar00a A2''5B defines it as a s0stematic &a0 of hel(ing students to learn from e2(erience. A more detailed e2(lanation is given out in "aunders: et al A2''!B as cited in Ro$son A2''2: (g. 1-/B that case stud0 is Fstrateg0 for doing research &hich involves an

    24 em(irical investigation of a (articular contem(orar0 (henomenon &ithin its real life conte2t using multi(le sources of evidenceG. A ,ualitative method can $e use to gain understanding of some (ersons> e2(erience through an in?de(th intervie& $ecause it (rovides useful and good ,uotations. According to Mill N Iohnson A2''5B: case stud0 method is done intensivel0 focusing on limited kno&n areas.

    8-< D %",!aGhi( &ata +# sti"nnai!


    3+ 5+ 7+ 4+ <+ C+ D+ Bhat a#e #ro!% (o! are "e inN If (o! are $i)in# in U+A &hich COUNTY, (o! are inN Are (o! $i)in# in Unite Ain# omN Are Yo! Ma$e or Fema$eN Ho& often &o!$ (o! rin' A$coho$N Are (o! a&are of "in#e rin'in#N Ho& m!ch stan ar rin' containin# a$coho$ o (o! ha)e on a t(%ica$ a( &hen (o! are rin'in#N =+ Ho& often o (o! ha)e si. or more rin's on one occasionN @+ Ha)e (o! e)er s!ffere the short2term %ro"$ems of a$coho$ rin'in#N 36+ Ha)e (o! e)er ma e in0!r( to se$f or others after cons!m%tion of a$coho$N 33+ Ha)e (o! e)er face $on#2term %ro"$ems of a$coho$ cons!m%tionN 35+ Ha)e (o! e)er "een "in#e rin' $ea (o! to !n%rotecte se. or !n&ante se.N 37+ Ha)e (o! !se an( other into.icatin# r!#s in an( /!antit(N 34+ Bhere (o! are norma$$( cons!min# a$coho$ rin'sN 3<+ Ha)e (o! e)er "een a )ictim of comm!nit( %ro"$ems "( "in#e rin'ersN 3C+ Ha)e (o! e)er ma e traffic )io$ation !e to "in#e rin'in#N

    8-2 Pi)"t t st
    The research methods used in this stud0 are $oth ,ualitative and ,uantitative .The ,ualitative design and method &ill ena$le this research to $e focused on getting detailed details information from the small grou(. This research &ill also use ,uantitative method &hen using online surve0 method. 7n this case o(en and closed ,uestion &ill $e used &hich in most research generates ,uantitative data. Data anal0*ed $0 using s(ecial tools such as )icrosoft 12cel and other data anal0sis (ackage of &hich the researcher &ill $e taught at the later stage.

    8-3 Data ana)*sis


    This achieved $0 using different methods for data collectionJ also: it &ill $e achieved $0 measuring data gathered from ,uestionnaire: focus grou( &ith schools as &ell as structured intervie&s. According to +amersle0 A1 2aB: assert4 FRelia$ilit0 refers to the degree of consistenc0 &ith &hich instances are assigned to the same categor0 $0 different o$servers on a different occasionG. )ore vie&s came from "ilverman: A2''1B &here he suggests: F$oth relia$ilit0 and validit0 are im(ortant in field researchG.

    8-3-. EIG)"!at"!* &ata ana)*sis


    The age grou( to ans&er the ,uestion &as seven categories out of that there are 2/ (ercent of the (artici(ants $elongs to the age grou( 1/?25 and 2!?!!: $esides that 11

    25

    (er cent $elongs to !4?41 grou(. 1- (ercent in 42?4 and 5'?6' grou( 11 (ercent: finall0 61?-' age grou( 6 (er cent: and age grou( -1?/' there &as no (artici(ants.6ig1
    FIG D . A, ,!"#G O' P"G#)ati"n

    The surve0 tried to identif0 the connections of $inge drinking and drug use in 5; metro(olitan cities. There are 4 (artici(ants from &est midlands of 22 (er cent and from south Eorkshire 2 (artici(ants such as 11 (er cent: $esides that from merc0 side 1 (erson as 6 (er cent and greater )anchester 2 (artici(ant such as 11 (er cent. The greater 3ondon (artici(ation &as ! (artici(ants such as 1- (er cent and other (art of 5; (artici(ation &ere 22 (ercent that is 4 (artici(ants. There is 1 (artici(ant from out of 5; such as not living in 5; and other (art of the &orld &as 1 (artici(ant out of total 6 (er cent. 6ig.2
    FIG D 1 G"G#)ati"n (a)(#)ati"n $as & "n % t!"G")itan (iti s

    26

    There are 1- (artici(ants from 5nited ;ingdom out of total (artici(ant 1 : that &as / (er cent of the total (o(ulation and (artici(ants from outside 5; 11 (er cent such as 2 (artici(ants. 8ut of total (artici(ants: total male (artici(ants &ere 6! (er cent and !(er cent females such as 12 men and - &omen res(ectivel0. 6ig !

    FIG D 8 Nati"na)it* an& , n& ! "' G"G#)ati"n

    The time interval of ho& often the (artici(ants drink the alcohol &as there are !- (er cent drink dail0 and 42 (er cent drink &eekl0 and there is no (artici(ant in monthl0 onl0 drinkers and 16 (ercent drink onl0 on s(ecial occasions: $esides that onl0 5 (er cent of the total (o(ulation don>t drink. 6ig. 4

    27

    FIG D < Ti% Int !Ha) "' D!inFin, $* sa%G) G"G#)ati"n

    FIG D 6 Awa! n ss "' $in, &!inFin, $* sa%G) G"G#)ati"n

    There are - (er cent of the (artici(ants a&are a$out $inge drinking and 21 (er cent not a&are a$out the ,uantit0 of $inge drinking: $esides that: 56 (er cent admitted the0 are

    28

    $inge drinkers and 44 (er cent of (artici(ants are not $inge drinkers. There &as a chart (rovided &ith the sam(le surve0 for understand the $inge ,uantit0 alcohol. 6ig.5 and A((endi2es? A There are 6 (er cent of the (eo(le taking 1?2 standard drink in a t0(ical sa0 and it is !?4 drinks taken $0 44 (er cent and 2/ (er cent of the (artici(ants taken 5?6 drinks and finall0 -? $0 11 (er cent. 6ig.6 There are 11 (er cent never drink more than si2 drinks in an occasion and 21 (er cent taken 6 or more drink less than monthl0. There is another 21 (er cent taken si2 or more drinks monthl0 and !- (er cent of (artici(ants taken si2 or more drinks dail0 or almost dail0. 6ig.6 FIG D = AH !a, G !i"&i( $in, &!inFin,

    Th ! was =8 G ! ( nt "' th Ga!ti(iGants s#'' ! & sh"!t t !% G!"$) %s "' $in, &!inFin, an& 82 G ! ( nt "' th G "G) n"t a'' (t & an* sh"!tEt !% G!"$) %s- Th ! is 1. G ! ( nt "' th sa%G) G"G#)ati"n %a& inj#!i s s )' "! "th !s $* a)("h") '' (t an& 2< G ! ( nt n"t %a& an* inj#!i s s )' "! t" "th !s an& 6 G ! ( nt answ ! & n"t Fn"wn $* th %- Fi,-2 FIG D 2 Bin, &!inFin, sh"!t t !% G!"$) % an& inj#!i s

    29

    There are !- (er cent of the (artici(ants faced long term (ro$lems of $inge drinking and 6! (er cent of them not faced an0 long term (ro$lems: $esides that 6/ (er cent of the (o(ulation caused alcohol consum(tion to un(rotected se2 or un&anted se2 and 11 (er cent not ans&ered no and 21 (er cent said not sure. 6ig./

    FIG D 3 -Bin, &!inFin, an& )"n,Et !% G!"$) % an& #nsa' an& #nwant & s I-

    30

    The connection &ith leisure drugs and leisure (laces ,uestion found that 42 (er cent of the (artici(ants have taken some kind of into2icating drugs and 5/ (er cent not taken an0 illegal drugs. There &ere !2 (er cent of the (eo(le used (u$s as their choice to drinking alcohol and 26 (er cent using living houses and 42 (er cent ans&ered other (laces. 6ig.

    FIG D C - Th a)("h") ("ns#%Gti"n G)a( an& i))i(it &!#, #s 4

    31

    There &ere 16 (er cent of the sam(le (o(ulation &ere victim of se2ual offences. The 5 (er cent of the total sam(le (o(ulation &ere victims of $urglaries and 5! (ercent victims of street fights. Besides that 11 (er cent &ere victim of other communit0: (ro$lems and 16 (er cent ans&ered not kno&n and finall0 out of sam(le (o(ulation 5 (er cent made traffic violation and 5 (er cent not made an0 traffic violation. 6ig.1'

    32

    FIG D .7 C"%%#nit* EIG !i n( an& T!a''i( Hi")ati"n $* Ga!ti(iGant

    8-3-1 S#%%a!* "' th &ata ana)*sis


    There are seventeen final (artici(ants and it found that 5 females and 1' males are living in 5nited ;ingdom and 2 &ere not living in 5; and other t&o &ere from outside of 5; . The age grou( &as 1 ?-' in si2 categories classified and recogni*ed from metro(olitan cities and outside metro(olitan cities. 7t has identified ho& often the0 are drinking: such as dail0: &eekl0: or s(ecial occasions or never drink. 7t has further identified that a$out the $inge drinking a&areness and ho& much standard drinks taking in different time: such as dail0: less than monthl0: monthl0 or &eekl0 and never. The $inge drinking ,uantities decided to choose $0 (artici(ants &ere !?4: 5?6: -? : and 1' or more and or not kno&n. The $inge drinking ha$it decided $0 ho& often the (artici(ants consuming si2 or more standard drinks for dail0 or almost dail0: less than monthl0: monthl0: &eekl0 or never. Then it follo&s &ith the short?term (ro$lems and long?term (ro$lems like&ise &hether made an0 accidents of self?in@ur0 and in@ur0 to others. The research for further seeks &hether it leads (artici(ants to un(rotected se2 or un&anted se2. 6inall0 it find out that drug use of the (artici(ants and &here the0 (refer to take alcohol : like &ise (u$s: living house: (arks or other (laces. The research further en,uired the traffic violation of the (artici(ant AA((endi2es ? B? 1B

    33

    8-C Li%itati"ns "' th R s a!(h


    There are several o$stacles might occur in research and limited the develo(ments in finding the ans&ers research. As noted and stated in Mill and Iohnson A2''5B: that large amount of information generated can lead to the researcher to $e s&am(ed $0 data and rendering him or her una$le to distinguish the most significant varia$les from those (eculiar to a (articular case. This ma0 $e the case in m0 research as 7 do not have an0 e2(erience in data anal0sis: ho&ever 7 &ill tr0 to minimi*e these limits as the0 a((ear. The research carries out through the online surve0 and the (artici(ants limited to the internet users onl0. The other methods used in this research &orked out for literature e2(ansion. Besides that: the research carried out onl0 &ithin the geogra(hical area of 5;. The normal (eo(le those &ho not have internet facilities not (artici(ated in this surve0 is a ma@or dra&$ack of this research.

    CHAPTER 4: RESULTS <-. Pi)"t st#&*


    Chile most concern and attention in Britain is focusing on $inge drinking in 0oung (eo(le: in &hom it is indeed most (revalent: it is not restricted to them: $ut continues on a diminishing scale through adult life. Those &ho $inge drink in their earl0 2's are more likel0 to $inge drink in their 4's4 the risk is dou$le for men and increased $0 half for &omen. 16?0ear?old males &ho drink more than seven units (er &eek or one?and?a? half times more likel0 than lighter drinkers to $inge drink in their !'s and 4's. 6emales &ho rarel0 or never drink at age 16 are less likel0 even than light drinkers to $e $inge drinkers later in life are. 7nstitute of Alcohol "tudies A14 Iune 2''-B Data regarding 5; &ill $e gathered through the research methods e2(lained a$ove: as &ell as from government records.

    <-1 D s(!iGtiH ("!! )ati"n st#&*


    This (ro@ect attem(ted to investigate the im(act of drug use and $inge drinking in the 5.; leisure industr0. 7t also checked &hether the $inge drinking is a ma@or (ro$lem faced $0 5; government. The research also investigated the root connections $et&een $inge drinking and drug use in 5; leisure industries. 6urthermore: investigated &hat measures have to undertake to control $inge drinking and drug use in the 5.;.

    The research methods used in this stud0 are $oth ,ualitative and ,uantitative .The ,ualitative design and method &ill ena$le this research to $e focused on getting detailed details information from the small grou(. This research &ill also use ,uantitative method &hen using face?to?face surve0 method. 7n this case o(en and closed ,uestion &ill $e used &hich in most research generates ,uantitative data. Data anal0*ed $0 using s(ecial tools such as )icrosoft 12cel and other data anal0sis (ackage of &hich the researcher &ill $e taught at the later stage.

    <-8 Th Si,ni'i(ant Fin&in,s "' th ! s a!(h


    The main findings of the research from the sam(le (o(ulation of age 1/?/' &as: the main (artici(ants age grou( &as 1/?25 and 26?!!. These $oth age grou( (artici(ation

    34

    &as 2/ (er cent and it &as the highest (artici(ation: The 6- (er cent of (artici(ants from metro .olitian cities and 22 (er cent from other (art of the 5; and 12 (er cent from out of 5;. The total &as / (er cent from 5; and 11 (er cent from outside 5.;. The male (artici(ants &ere 6! (er cent and female (artici(ants &ere !- (er cent. The dail0 drinkers &ere !- (er cent and &eekl0 drinkers &ere 42 (er cent. There are no constant monthl0 drinkers. There are 16 (er cent drinkers onl0 s(ecial occasion and 5 (er cent never drink alcohol. There are - (er cent of sam(le (o(ulation a&are a$out $inge drinking and 21 (er cent not a&are a$out $inge drinking. There are 56 (er cent of the sam(le (o(ulation is $inge drinkers: $ut 44 (er cent of the sam(le (o(ulation take !?4 standard drink in a t0(ical da0 drinking and 2/ (er cent taking 5?6 drinks. There are !- (er cent of the sam(le (o(ulation drinks 6 or more drinks &eekl0 in an occasion and 21 (er cent less than monthl0 res(ectivel0. There are 6! (er cent of the sam(le (o(ulation suffered short?term (ro$lems and !- (er cent not suffered it. The -4 (er cent not made in@uries self or to others. There are !- (er cent suffered long?term (ro$lems and 6! (er cent not suffered long?term (ro$lems. There are 6/ (er cent of the sam(le (o(ulation committed un&anted or un(rotected se2. There are 42 (er cent of the sam(le (o(ulation used some kind of drugs and !2 (ercent of sam(le (o(ulation selected (u$s for alcohol consum(tion and 42 (er cent taking alcohol in other (laces. The se2ual offence victims are 16 (er cent and street crimes victims are 5! (er cent out of the total sam(le (o(ulation.

    CHAPTER 5: DISCUSION

    6-. D s(!iGtiH C"!! )ati"n St#&*


    The findings &ere from the (rimar0 ,ualitative data collected from the (artici(ants: classified in to ,uantitative data: and arrived in the findings. There are more (ro$a$ilities to dig the data to find the correlation $et&een the factors those inter connected &ith the research ,uestion. The data screened and o$tained the various facts of the statement of (ro$lem of the research ,uestion. The $inge drinking and the drug use inter connected &ith the societ0 such as in 5; different communities and ethnic grou(s are residing and the0 are also (rovided their contri$ution to the alcoholic and drug use also the im(acts of crimes and related (ro$lems of the (henomena. The stud0 disclosed the relation $et&een various factors such as : the main findings of the

    research from the sam(le (o(ulation of age 1/?/' &as the main (artici(ants age grou( &as 1/?25 and 26?!!.The 0ounger age grou( are (artici(ated activel0 in the surve0 and these grou( found that over consum(tion of alcohol use. These $oth age grou( (artici(ation &as 2/ (er cent and it &as the highest (artici(ation. The 6- (er cent of (artici(ants from metro .olitian cities and 22 (er cent from other (art of the 5; and 12 (er cent from out of 5;. The total &as / (er cent from 5; and 11 (er cent from outside 5.;. The male (artici(ants &ere 6! (er cent and female (artici(ants &ere !- (er cent. The 5; metro(olitan cities are the main alcoholic consumed: leisure industries: and

    35

    leisure grou(s concentrated. The research sho&s that the (artici(ation of the crime is increased in the metro .olitic cit0 area. The dail0 drinkers &ere !- (er cent and &eekl0 drinkers &ere 42 (er cent. There are no constant monthl0 drinkers. There are 16 (er cent drinkers onl0 s(ecial occasion and 5 (er cent never drink alcohol. The education and gender factors matter in the a$use of the $inge drinking nature. The sociali*ing nature of the 5; culture and the (u$lic house culture influences the societ0 and the culture molded to the (resent status of criminali*ed leisure industr0 &ith drug crimes and alcoholic a$use.

    There are - (er cent of sam(le (o(ulation a&are a$out $inge drinking and 21 (er cent not a&are a$out $inge drinking. There are 56 (er cent of the sam(le (o(ulation is $inge drinkers: $ut 44 (er cent of the sam(le (o(ulation take !?4 standard drink in a t0(ical da0 drinking and 2/ (er cent taking 5?6 drinks. There are !- (er cent of the sam(le (o(ulation drinks 6 or more drinks &eekl0 in an occasion and 21 (er cent less than monthl0 res(ectivel0. There are 6! (er cent of the sam(le (o(ulation suffered short?term (ro$lems and !- (er cent not suffered it. The -4 (er cent not made in@uries self or to others. There are !- (er cent suffered long?term (ro$lems and 6! (er cent not suffered long?term (ro$lems. There are 6/ (er cent of the sam(le (o(ulation committed un&anted or un(rotected se2. There are 42 (er cent of the sam(le (o(ulation used some kind of drugs and !2 (ercent of sam(le (o(ulation selected (u$s for alcohol consum(tion and 42 (er cent taking alcohol in other (laces. The se2ual offence victims are 16 (er cent and street crimes victims are 5! (er cent out of the total sam(le (o(ulation. The research found the connection among leisure industr0 and entertainment grou(s activel0 interrogated &ith the drug and grou(s. The revision &as used dissimilar methods similarl0 situ self re(ort surve0: ,ualitative intervie&s: (artici(ant intervie& and o$servation and it molded the (icture of clu$s and drug cultures and also included social class: gender: se2ualit0: race: ethnicit0 &ith alcohol and drug use. The research activities anal0*ed &ith emergent drug trends A1DTB including the enduring a((eal of ecstas0 in dance and music communities and social as(ects of ketamine consum(tion: $esides that )D)A (o&der or cr0stal used as a (remium (roduct and M+BPMB3 used $0 3ondon ga0 communit0 and 9." and other unkno&n &hite (o&der. The stud0 also covered (revalence and use (atterns: conte2ts: meanings: motivation and conse,uences of drug users. 7n addition: the stud0 covered the official res(onses to dr0 use and rave or clu$ culture: $esides that it criticall0 anal0*ed the national and international drug (olic0 and focused at the Fcriminali*ation of into2ication Fin the 5;>s night time econom0.

    36

    6-1 B n 'its
    The research findings are useful to the government: academicians: and other researchers. The research contri$uted to recogni*e the interconnected factors that leads to $inge drinking and drug use. The results can make use of for further actions to control the alcohol a$use and illicit drug use connected &ith the leisure industr0 in 5;. The research &as useful to this researcher to ac,uire more dee( kno&ledge a$out the research to(ic and authenticall0 can discuss a$out the (ro$lems in the 5; $inge drinking and drug use.

    6-8 Ba!!i !s
    The data collection &as the main $arrier of the research and online surve0 hel( to conduct com(arativel0 less e2(ensive data collection and the climate &as against to meet more (eo(le to discuss the matter in more details. The internet sources (rovided a variet0 of (reviousl0 (u$lished research (a(ers.

    6-< S )'E ''i(i n(* an& O#t("% EIG (tan(i s


    This research &as ver0 hel(ful to motivate self and accom(lish the research in time $0 the hel( of su(ervisor. The researcher a$le to conduct surve0s in future and motivated $0 the findings. The research creates kno&ledge and to $e a researcher it is giving (leasure and enthusiastic to do more research in future.

    6-6 Li%itati"ns "' th st#&*


    The conducted stud0 limits in man0 factors such as it considered onl0 the internet (artici(ants: $esides that it not consider or tr0 to understand the ethnic grou(s: lo& income (eo(le: students: vulnera$le: entertaining leisure grou(s. This research conducted for academic (ur(ose and given im(ortance for the literature side of the research to(ic. The financial and time factors significantl0 matters &ith this research.

    6-2 I%G)i(ati"n "' th 'in&in,s


    The findings can im(lemented through various government agencies to the societ0 and it is hel(ful for researchers and academicians to refer. The findings es(eciall0 to im(lement over the leisure industr0 and it connected drug dealings: $ecause the im(acts of unla&ful drug use and $inge drinking of alcohol in the 5; has associated &ith various factors. 7n order to investigate the im(ortance of drug use and $inge drinking in 5; o$ligator0 s(otlight on unrelated inter linked factors. Those stud0 might reveals: is it a main (ro$lem facing $0 5;. moreover criticall0 anal0*e the connections $et&een $inge drinking: drug use and crimes demands to investigate the inter associations among the leisure industr0: ethnic grou(s: e2(atriate nationalities and various communities and &hich (rovides findings of &hich measures are in (lace to undertake to co( u( &ith the alcohol and illicit drug (olic0 of the 5; government.

    Accor in# to Dr, Aaren:a Moore ;Moore, 566<>, the co2in)esti#ator of Lancaster !ni)ersit( research %ro0ect ?researchin# recreationa$ r!# !se in $eis!re s%acesH %ointe o!t the re$ations "et&een the r!#s an $eis!re in !str(+ The st! ( foc!se on recreationa$ r!# cons!m%tion in

    37

    $eis!re s%ace $i'e&ise "ars, ni#htc$!"s, m!sic an ance e)ents+ In a ition, it foc!se the omestic %arties an chi$$ o!ts+ The c$!""in# an cons!m%tion of a$coho$ an !se of i$$e#a$ r!#s &as $eis!re %ractices+ Conse/!ent$(, the crimina$i:ation an commercia$i:ation of c$!" c!$t!re is a #$o"a$ %henomenon+

    6-3 R ("%% n&ati"ns '"! '#t#! R s a!(h


    This ! s a!(h ! is (aGa$) t" &" '#t#! ! s a!(h s- Th '#t#! ! s a!(h sh"#)& $ ("nsi& ! th )i%itati"ns "' this ! s a!(h with 'inan(ia) an& ti% 'a(t"!s t" $ ("nsi& ! '"! %"! & tai) & an& a((#!at ! G"!t- Th %"! Ga!ti(iGati"n "' Ga!ti(iGants '!"% th &i'' ! nt a! a "' s"(i t* is Ga!ti(iGat & '"! t" ! (",niJ th ! a) G!"$) % "' what ) a&s t" th G "G) '"! $in, &!inFin, an& &!#, #s a)s" h"w it (an ! &#( a(("!&in, t" th a)("h") an& &!#, G")i(* "' UK ,"H !n% nt-

    Conclusion
    The conducted research lead to the factors e2ists in the $inge drinking and drug use in the 5; societ0. The findings &as the a$coho$ic cons!m%tion, "in#e rin'in# an r!# !se corre$ate &ith the crimes an comm!nit( iss!es , "esi es that it increases the #o)ernmentGs me ica$ e.%enses, $a& an or er e.%enses, !n%remat!re eaths, &or' ho!r $oss an financia$ $oss to the em%$o(ers+ Threfore this st! ( is efinite$( si#nificant to contri"!te so$!tions for contro$$in# "in#e rin'in# an r!# !se "( recommen e fin in#s+
    The %rece in# st! ( re%orts sho&s that the "in#e rin'in#, es%ecia$$( the "in#e rin'in# of ma$e "et&een the a#e #ro!% 3=254 (ears o$ statistica$$( sho&n offen in# "eha)ior an 7@ %er cent of the "in#e rin'ers a mitte to committin# an offence, f!rthermore C6 %er cent of the them a mitte crimina$ or isor er$( "eha)ior on the occasion of a$coho$ !ti$i:ation or after+ In a ition, m!$ti)ariate ana$(sis fo!n that %eo%$e those &ho ran' a$coho$ at $east once a &ee' #et $ess chance to in)o$)e in a crime or isor er+ In other, han the other o s there is more than fi)e time to #et in)o$)e &ith the fi#htin# or )io$ent crime+ an it conc$! e &ith a s!##estion of that fre/!enc( of r!n'enness is a %re ictor of offen in# "eha)ior an "in#e rin'in# $ea s (o!n# %eo%$e to crimes an isor ers an "in#e rin'in# c$ose$( associate &ith crimes an )io$ence an it is stron#er amon# (o!n# ma$es than fema$es+ But this stud0 focused to find out the research scenario general and $ring u( the (oint that: there are - (er cent of sam(le (o(ulation a&are a$out $inge drinking and 21 (er cent

    not a&are a$out $inge drinking. There are 56 (er cent of the sam(le (o(ulation is $inge drinkers: $ut 44 (er cent of the sam(le (o(ulation take !?4 standard drink in a t0(ical da0 drinking and 2/ (er cent taking 5?6 drinks. There are !- (er cent of the sam(le (o(ulation drinks 6 or more drinks &eekl0 in an occasion and 21 (er cent less than monthl0 corres(ondingl0. There are 6! (er cent of the sam(le (o(ulation suffered short?term (ro$lems and !- (er cent not suffered it. The -4 (er cent not made in@uries self or to others. There are !- (er cent suffered long?term (ro$lems and 6! (er cent not suffered long?term (ro$lems.

    38

    There are 6/ (er cent of the sam(le (o(ulation committed un&anted or un(rotected se2. There are 42 (er cent of the sam(le (o(ulation used some kind of drugs and !2 (ercent of sam(le (o(ulation selected (u$s for alcohol consum(tion and 42 (er cent taking alcohol in other (laces. The se2ual offence victims are 16 (er cent and street crimes victims are 5! (er cent out of the total sam(le (o(ulation. To reca(itulate the im(act of $inge drinking and drug use is a (ro$lem of the $inge drinking ca(ital 5;. The $inge drinking and drug use are allied &ith crimes and allied leisure industries. The re,uired measures has to take control the identified (ro$lems: such as the $inge drinking a&areness &as - (er cent and alcohol drinkers &as 56 (er cent. The 44 (er cent of the (o(ulation &as non?alcoholic drinkers.

    APPENDI@ES
    APPENDIXES: A

    APPENDIXES: B
    Are you living in United Kingdom? No No Ye& Ye& Ye& Ye& Ye& Ye& Ye& Ye& Ye& Ye& Ye& Are You Male or Female? Male Male Male Male Male 'e(ale Male 'e(ale 'e(ale 'e(ale Male Male 'e(ale If you are living in U.K which COUN Y! you are in? Not Living in U.K India Ot e! pa!t o" U.K &!eate! London $est Midlands &!eate! London $est Midlands $est Midlands &!eate! London Ot e! pa!t o" U.K &!eate! Manc este! Ot e! pa!t o" U.K "hat age grou# you are in? 42 - 49 26 - 33 34 - 4# 26 - 33 34 - 4# 26 - 33 )* - 6* #+ - 2) 42 - 49 )* - 6* #+ - 2) 26 - 33 $ow often would you drin% Alcohol? Special Occasions Daily $ee%ly $ee%ly Daily $ee%ly Neve! Daily $ee%ly Daily Daily Daily Special Occasions

    39
    Ye& Ye& Ye& Male Male Male So,t -o!%s i!e Me!cy Side $est Midlands #+ - 2) 6# - .* #+ - 2) $ee%ly $ee%ly $ee%ly

    APPENDIXES: C
    Are (o! a&are of "in#e rin'in#N Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Are (o! a "in#e rin'erN +es No +es +es +es +es No +es +es +es No +es No No No Ho& m!ch stan ar rin' containin# a$coho$ o (o! ha)e on a t(%ica$ a( &hen (o! are rin'in#N ,-* 10 or more .-) .-) ,-* 3-/ Not 0no n ,-* 3-/ ,-* 3-/ ,-* 3-/ 3-/ 3-/ Ho& often o (o! ha)e si. or more rin's on one occasionN Less than month$( Dai$( or a$most ai$( Bee'$( Month$( Bee'$( Bee'$( Ne)er Bee'$( Less than month$( Bee'$( Dai$( or a$most ai$( Less than month$( Less than month$( Month$( Bee'$( Month$(

    APPENDIXES: D
    $ave you ever &uffered the &hort' term #ro(lem& of alcohol drin%ing? Ye& Ye& Ye& Ye& Ye& No No Ye& No Ye& Ye& Ye& Ye& $ave you ever made in)ury to &elf or other& after con&um#tion of alcohol? No No No -es -es No No -es No No No No No $ave you ever faced long'term #ro(lem& of alcohol con&um#tion? No No -es No -es -es No No No -es -es No No $ave you ever (een (inge drin% lead you to un#rotected &e* or unwanted &e*? -es No -es -es -es -es No -es -es -es -es -es Not S,!e $ave you u&ed any other into*icating drug& in any +uantity? No No No No No -es No No No -es No -es -es

    40
    No No Ye& No -es No No -es No Not S,!e -es -es No -es -es

    APPENDIXES: E

    41 $ave you ever (een a victim of community #ro(lem& (y (inge drin%er&? St!eet c!i(es St!eet c!i(es St!eet c!i(es St!eet c!i(es St!eet c!i(es Se0,al O""ence Don1t Kno2 Ot e! 5,!gla!ies Se0,al O""ence St!eet c!i(es St!eet c!i(es Don1t Kno2 St!eet c!i(es Ot e! St!eet c!i(es

    "here you are normally con&uming alcohol drin%&? Living /o,se Ot e! Ot e! Living /o,se Living /o,se Living /o,se Ot e! 3,4s Ot e! 3,4s Living /o,se Ot e! Ot e! 3,4s 3,4s Ot e!

    $ave you ever made traffic violation due to (inge drin%ing? No No No No No No No No No No -es No No No No No

    LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
    Fi,#! ; . G! &i(t & w"!)& G"G#)ati"n

    42

    43

    %ountries and Areas Ranked $0 .o(ulation42'1! .rediction


    ,an% . 4 / 0 2 7 8 3 1 .5 .. .4 ./ .0 .2 .7 .8 .3 .1 45 4. 44 4/ 40 42 Country Or Area China India United 6tate& Indone&ia 9ra:il -a%i&tan Nigeria 9anglade&h ,u&&ia ;a#an Me*ico -hili##ine& <thio#ia =ietnam <gy#t >ermany ur%ey Iran Congo ?Kin&ha&a@ hailand France United Kingdom Italy 9urma Korea! 6outh -o#ulation .!/01!232!3/3 .!445!355!/21 /.7!773!278 42.!.75!.40 45.!551!744 .1/!4/3!373 .80!258!2/1 .7/!720!375 .04!255!034 .48!42/!582 ..7!445!108 .52!845!700 1/!388!542 14!088!328 32!410!/33 3.!.08!472 35!710!032 81!32/!155 82!258!/53 78!003!.45 72!12.!7.. 7/!/12!280 7.!034!418 22!.78!//5 03!122!45/

    htt(4PP&&&.census.govP(o(ulationPinternationalPdataPcountr0rankPra nk.(h( "ource 4 5nited "tate %ensus Bureau

    44

    LIST OF TABLES
    Ta$) ; . A)("h")i( &!inF an& stan&a!& &!inF ("nt nt+ealth0 drink
    +ealth0 drink

    9ormal Alcoholic Beverages Beer Pcooler )alt 3i,uor Ta$le Cine /' (roof s(iritPhard li,uor 3i,uorPcordial

    "tandard drink 9ormal %ases Q5L Alcohol 12 o*


    /? 8* A?-L alcoholB
    5 8* Aa -5' ml A25 8* $ottleB

    5nit of drink inside

    8ne 5nit of Drink

    6or )en

    6or &omen 2?! units 2?! units 2?! units 2?! units 2?! units 2?! units 2?! units 2?! units

    1 1.5 5

    12 o*. /? o*.
    5 o*.

    !?4 units !?4 units !?4 units !?4 units !?4 units !?4 units !?4 units !?4 units

    !?4 o*.
    1.5 8* a mi2ed drink

    1 or more 11 1!

    2?! o* 1.5 o* 1.5 o*. 1.5 o*

    a (int 16 8* a fifth A25 8*B -.-5 ml

    W"!Fs Cit &


    Depart ent !" #ealt$% (2013, )% Guide to The Health Care System in England. &!nd!n' N#D(2900013 )$e N#* C!nstituti!n% +le,ander, B% -% (2013, .une 27)% What Causes Alcohol Abuse. /etrie0ed .une 27, 2013, "r! 2r!3le s and *!luti!ns' $ttp'445552%p!tsda %edu4$ans!nd64C!ntr!0ersies41053971961%$t l +l1!$!l

    +nders!n, 2% +% (2008)% Binge Drinking and Europe. Institute !" +l1!$!l *tudies , &!nd!n% Ger an7' 89ur!pean C! issi!n% BBC% (2003, *ept! 3er 19)% Binge drinking costing billions% /etrie0ed .une 22, 2013, "r! $ttp'44ne5s%331%1!%u:424$i4$ealt$43121440%st BBC Ne5s% (2001, ;e3 8)% Getting a drink in Saudi Arabia% /etrie0ed .une 26, 2013, "r! $ttp'44ne5s%331%1!%u:424$i4 iddle<east41160846%st Business Di1ti!nar7% (2013, .une 16)% Culture% /etrie0ed .une 16, 2013, "r! $ttp'44555%3usinessdi1ti!nar7%1! 4de"initi!n41ulture%$t l BBC Ne5s' BBC Ne5s'

    Business Di1ti!nar7'

    CDC% (2012, N!0e 3er 7)% Centre or Disease Control and !re"ention. /etrie0ed .ul7 6, 2013, "r! +l1!$! and 2u3li1 #ealt$' $ttp'44555%1d1%=!04al1!$!l4"a1t(s$eets43in=e(drin:in=%$t

    45 Census Bureau, C% >% (2013, .ul7 05)% #nited States Department o Cesus Bureau% /etrie0ed .ul7 05, 2013, "r! 555%1ensus%=!0' $ttp'44555%1ensus%=!04p!pulati!n4internati!nal4data41!untr7ran:4ran:%p$p Drin: +5re%1!%u:% (2013, .une 19)% Binge drinking% /etrie0ed .une 19, 2013, "r! Din: +5are' $ttps'44555%drin:a5are%1!%u:4understand(7!ur(drin:in=4is(7!ur(drin:in=(a(pr!3le 43in=e( drin:in=?$!5t!telli"7!urea3in=edrin:er 9 8e33, C% +% (1996)% Alcohol and drug use in #$ #ni"ersity Students. 8illia N!rt$ern /e=i!nal #ealt$ +ut$!rit7% )$e &an1et% &ee1$ ;!undati!n,

    Gill, .% (2002, @ar1$)% Alcohol Alcohol. %&&% 'ar(Apr)*+,%-./0+(1%. /etrie0ed .une 21, 2013, "r! NCBI' $ttp'44555%n13i%nl %ni$%=!04pu3 ed411912076 #ans!n, D% .% (2013, .une 14)% Drinking Alcohol and Cancer 2isk% /etrie0ed .une 14, 2013, "r! +l1!$!l 2r!3le s and *!luti!ns' $ttp'445552%p!tsda %edu4$ans!nd64#ealt$Issues41109728149%$t l $s1is% (2013, .une 16)% health 3 social care in ormation centre% /etrie0ed .une 16, 2013, "r! $ttp'44555%$s1i1%=!0%u:4arti1le4202148e3site(*ear1$A pr!du1tidB12096CDBdrin:in=Eal1!$!lCs!rtB/ele0an1eCsiFeB10Cpa=eB1CareaB3!t$?t!p $s1is'

    @!!re, -% (2005, N!0e 3er 01)% 2esearching 2ecreational Drug #se 4n 5eisure Spaces. /etrie0ed .ul7 28, 2013, "r! &an1aster >ni0ersit7' $ttp'44555%resear1$%lan1s%a1%u:4p!rtal4en4pr!6e1ts4resear1$in=(re1reati!nal(dru=(use(in(leisure( spa1es(e11dd2a3(8471(431e(399"(913"725"""18)%$t l NCBI% (2003)% Crim Beha" 'ent Health. %&&*)/*,/-.6(/7. /etrie0ed 2013, "r! Dru=s and +l1!$!l /esear1$ >nit, #! e G""i1e, &!nd!n, >-%' $ttp'44555%n13i%nl %ni$%=!04pu3 ed414624268? Neild, B% (2013, @ar1$ 15)% World8s /& best drinking nations. /etrie0ed .une 21, 2013, "r! $ttp'44editi!n%1nn%1! 420134034154tra0el43est(drin:in=(nati!ns N#* C$!i1es % (2013, .une 18)% Binge drinking % /etrie0ed .une 18, 2013, "r! C!i1es' $ttp'44555%n$s%u:4&i0e5ell4al1!$!l42a=es4Bin=edrin:in=%asp, NI+++, ,% N% (2009)% NI+++, Ne5s &etter,2004'N!,33%3,p%3% /i1$ards!n +, B% )% (2003)% #.S 9ational 5ibrary and medicine% /etrie0ed .une 20, 2013, "r! /es!ur1es' $ttp'44555%n13i%nl %ni$%=!04pu3 ed414624268 NCBI CNN'

    H!ur #ealt$ H!ur

    )$e )ele=rap$% (2010)% Britain is the 8binge(drinking capital o Europe8. )$e )ele=rap$ @edis Gr!up( >%-, 9ur!pean C! issi!n% &!nd!n' )$e )ele=rap$% )$e )ele=rap$% (2013, @a7 9)% Drinking in the #AE : ;hat you need to kno;. /etrie0ed .une 24, 2013, "r! tele=rap$%1!%u:' $ttp'44 7%tele=rap$%1!%u:4e,pat4anna3el:antaria4101504554drin:in=(in(t$e(uae( 5$at(7!u(need(t!(:n!54

    REFERENCES
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    46

    Ba$or T6: %aetano: R.: %ass&ell ": et al. Alcohol and /"blic /olic 2 3o 4rdinar Commodit . 9e& Eork4 82ford 5niversit0 .ress: 2''!. B$atta1$ar77a, D (2005),I2esearch 'ethodologyI, 9,1el B!!:s, Ne5 Del$i Boucher0 11: +ar&ood +I: "acks II: "imon %I: Bre&er RD. 1conomic costs of e2cessive alcohol consum(tion in the 5nited "tates: 2''6 . Am I .rev )ed 2'11J414516#24. %D%. Rital signs4 $inge drinking (revalence: fre,uenc0: and intensit0 among adultsS 5.".: 2'1'. ))CR )or$ )ortal Ckl0 Re( 2'12J 61A1B414 # . Dens1! 3e% @ (2002) t$e G!!d /esear1$ Guide' Bu1:in=$a ' Gpen >ni0ersit7 2ress Dens1! 3e% @ (2002) )$e G!!d /esear1$ Guide' Bu1:in=$a ' Gpen >ni0ersit7 2ress Dens1! 3e% @ (2002) )$e G!!d /esear1$ Guide' Bu1:in=$a ' Gpen >ni0ersit7 2ress Gill, . C .!$ns!n, 2 (2005),I2esearch 'ethods or 'anagersI, *a=e 2u3li1ati!n, &!nd!n Gill, . C .!$ns!n, 2 (2005),I2esearch 'ethods or 'anagersI, *a=e 2u3li1ati!n, &!nd!n Gill, . C .!$ns!n, 2 (2005),I2esearch 'ethods or 'anagersI, *a=e 2u3li1ati!n, &!nd!n Muide to %ommunit0 .reventive "ervices. .reventing e2cessive alcohol consum(tion . Atlanta: MA4 %enters for Disease %ontrol and .revention: 2'11. #ans!n, D% (2007) *!1i!l!=7 Depart ent, *tate >ni0ersit7 !" Ne5 H!r:, #ans!n, D% (2007) *!1i!l!=7 Depart ent, *tate >ni0ersit7 !" Ne5 H!r:, #ans!n, D% (2007) *!1i!l!=7 Depart ent, *tate >ni0ersit7 !" Ne5 H!r:, htt(4PP&&&.ias.org.ukPresourcesPfactsheetsPaccidents.(dfhtt(4PP&&&.ias.org.ukPresource sPfactsheetsPaccidents.(df htt(4PP&&&.ias.org.ukPresourcesPfactsheetsP$ingeQdrinking.(df htt(4PP&&&.nhs.ukP3ive&ellPalcoholP.agesPBingedrinking.as(2 #ult, @% and &ennun=, *%(J% (1980), )G8+/D* + D9;INI)IGN G; +C)IGN /9*9+/C#' + NG)9 +ND BIB&IGG/+2#H% .!urnal !" @ana=e ent *tudies, 17' 241K250% d!i' 10%111146%1467(6486%1980%t300087%, Institute !" +l1!$!l *tudies 14 .une 2007 Institute !" +l1!$!l *tudies 14 .une 2007 Institute !" +l1!$!l *tudies 14 .une 2007 @1Burne7, D% (2001),I2esearch 'ethodsI, 8ads5!rt$, >*+ @1Burne7, D% (2001),I2esearch 'ethodsI, 8ads5!rt$, >*+ @1Burne7, D% (2001),I2esearch 'ethodsI, 8ads5!rt$, >*+ 9aimi T": Bre&er RD: )okdad A: %lark D: "erdula );: )arks I". Binge drinking among 5" adults . 5A6A 2''!J2/ A1B4-'#-5. 9ational 7nstitute of Alcohol A$use and Alcoholism. 97AAA council a((roves definition of $inge drinking T.D6?1.62)BU. 37AAA 3e!sletter 2''4J 9o. !: (. !. 9ational Research %ouncil and 7nstitute of )edicine. .ed"cing (nderage 8rinking2 A Collective .esponsibilit . Cashington: D%4 9ational Academies .ress: 2''4. 8ffice of Iuvenile Iustice and Delin,uenc0 .revention. 8rinking in America2 6 ths$ .ealities$ and /revention /olic T.D6?1.'/)BU. Cashington: D%4 5.". De(artment of Iustice: 8ffice of Iustice .rograms: 8ffice of Iuvenile Iustice and Delin,uenc0 .revention: 2''5. .u$lication +istor0 7ssue (u$lished online4 5 )AE 2''- :Article first (u$lished online4 5 )AE 2''*aunders et al (2003),I2esearch 'ethods or Business Students I, 2ears!n 9du1ati!n &i ited, 9n=land *aunders et al (2003),I2esearch 'ethods or Business Students I, 2ears!n 9du1ati!n &i ited, 9n=land

    47

    *aunders et al (2003),I2esearch 'ethods or Business Students I, 2ears!n 9du1ati!n &i ited, 9n=land To&n ): 9aimi T": )okdad A+: Bre&er RD. +ealth care access among 5.". adults &ho drink alcohol e2cessivel04 missed o((ortunities for (revention. /rev Chronic 8is Tserial onlineU A(ril 2''6. 5.". De(artment of +ealth and +uman "ervices. The -"rgeon 9enerals Call to Action to /revent and .ed"ce (nderage 8rinking . 5.". De(artment of +ealth and +uman "ervices: 8ffice of the "urgeon Meneral: 2''-. 5.". .reventive "ervices Task 6orce. "creening and $ehavioral counseling interventions in (rimar0 care to reduce alcohol misuse4 recommendation statement . Ann 7ntern 6ed2''4J14'4554#556.

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