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Pak Mei Pai Grandmaster Cheung Lai Chun
pinyin: Zhang Liquan
jyutping: Zoeng Lai Cyun
hakka: Chong Li Tsang
a.k.a.: Cheung Lai Chun
1882 * Cheung Lai Chun ( pinyin: Zhang Liquan & Hakka: Chong Li Tsang)
In May 1882 Cheung Lai Chun was born in a merchant family in WaiYang County (|) now WaiChow City, East Bridge Street (
). His father died when Cheung Lai Chun was still a baby and he was raised by his mother. His fathers jounger brother had no occupation
and gambled. Once when he asked Cheung Lai Chun's mother for money he went into a rage and threw the young Cheung Lai Chun around. The
fall broke his left arm. He was four years old. His mother took him to the village chief instructor and traditional doctor/bone setter () Lam
Shek ( Lin Shi 1831-1908) for treatment. Lam Shek healed Cheung Lai Chun's arm and three years later he accepted him as his student.
*Note: There are several years (1880, 1882, 1884 and 1889, mentioned as the birth year of Cheung Lai Chun. The year 1882 is the most
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mentioned. We know that Chung Lai Chun joined the Hing Zung Wui Society () in 1900. Looking at the birth years 1884 and 1889 they
are more unlikely due to his young age.
1889 Lo Man Gaau (Liuminjiao ) or Lo Man Pai
At age seven sifu Lam Shek taught him a most secretive Hakka Boxing style by the name of Lo Man Gaau ( Liuminjiao) or
Wanders/Beggars style. Lo Man Gaau is a very rare and old style. Even in those days not often taught or seen. It is most probably the oldest style
of Hakka boxing. The Wanders or Beggars style has aspect of Daoism (), specially the occult practises. The art is pure for self-defence and
has no fancy moves, some will compare it to street-fighting. Its on-guard posture beggar asking for rise is found in many other styles. From
Lo Man Gaau Cheung Lai Chun took into his Pak Mei the forms Sap Zi Kyun () and Sam Cha Tai Pah (]).
1895
Wai Chow Li Ga Cyun ( Huizhou Lijiaquan-Wai Chow Li Family
boxing)
Later, at the age of 13, he was accepted at the school of master Li Meng (). This famous Wai
Chow Li Ga Cyun (Huizhou Lijiaquan ) was founded master Li Yi ( 1794-
1884). Li Yi first had learned Southern Shaolin Style from his father Li Gau (1744-1828 Li Jiu
) who was said to be a student at the Fuijian Shaolin Temple () and from his
fathers younger martial brother Juk Lung (Yu Long ) on Lau Fu mountain (). Li
Gau and Juk Lung were members of the Heaven and Earth Society () and were shot dead
by Qing troops. Li Yi was rescued and taken to his home by Northern Style () master
Chan Gau Sik (Chen Gouxi ). Later on he married the daughter of Chan Gau Sik old
friend Fung Yang (Fengyang ) and trained for eight years under Chan Gau Sik. After that he
returned home to Wai Chow Fo Dei village (Huizhou's huodi village ) where he
started teaching. One day he saw, during practise, a snake and crane in battle. After seeing this he
created his own style based on the teaching of his masters and the character of the snake and
crane.
There Cheung Lai Chun was taught the art of Wai Chow Li family Boxing (Li Ga) by Li Meng
( Li Mung). The curriculum of Wai Chow Li Ga consists of; 72 earth gods fist (
j) 8 diagram fist (), small Cross( ), Big Cross (), 3 doors fist
()etc. Weapon forms like double head staff (), centre pull staff (),
long dragon staff () , Big Wave Staff ()left right thousand character big
rake (trident) ()single dish sword (() and big sword whip ({).
From Li Ga he took into Pak Mei the forms of Sam Mun Zeoi () , Zung Laan Gun (
) and Ng Hang Gun ().
* Note: There are several styles of Li Ga Boxing. Do not confuse Wai Chow Li family Boxing with San Wui Li Ga Cyun ( Xinhui
Lijiaquan) of Li Jau San ( Li Youshan)
1900 Hing Zing Wui ( Xingzhonghui Society)
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Cheng Shi Leung ([
)
Lam Hap ()
Lam Hap's House in Loeng Fa ()
Around 1900 at the age of 18 Cheung Lai Chun joined his first secret society the Hing Zing Wui (
Xingzhonghui). This Society for Regenerating China of one of the many secret societies part of the Hung Moon
League ( Hongmenhui). The Hing Zing Wui was led and established in November 24 1894 by Dr. Sun
Yat-Sen () a Hakka Chinese born in the village of Choy Hang ( Cuiheng) in Guangzhou province.
Cheung Lai Chun took part in the Wai Chow rebellion () let by Dr. Sun Yat-Sens Triad brother Cheng
Shi Leung ([ Zheng Shiliang) also a Hakka born in WaiYang (| Huiyang) country where Cheung Lai
Chun also came from. After training and hiding in the secret mountain fort in San Chow Tien (
Sanzhoutian) the revolt started on of October 8 1900. In the beginning the revolt was a success, but due to
problems of supply of weapons, ammunition and food the army was send home to their villages and ended on
October 23. After about one year, due to the loss of the rebellion, Cheung Lai Chun returned to his family in Wai
Chow village. Beside that this was Cheung Lai Chun's first secret society experience and was also his first combat
experience.
1902 Nam Siu Lam Lam Family Dragon Sign Boxing ()
After his return to Wai Chow Cheung Lai Chun joined the school of Lam Hap. Lam Hap (1831-1908 Lin He)
was a native Wai Yeung. For Chinese standard he started late (at age 10) in training boxing in the family martial arts
of Lam Ga ( Linjiaquan). From age 17 he followed the famous master by the name of Wong Lin Kiu (
Huang Lianjiao) who came from Hoi Fung (). His master was also called by his alias Hoi Fung Monk(
Hai Feng Sin Shi). Wong Lin Kiu was a Fujian Shaolin Temple () monk for 28 years who came to the
Waa Sau Toi Temple ( Hua Shou Tai) on Lau Fu mountain (!) around 1850 and opened there his
martial school. After Lam Hap saw Wong Lin Kiu win in a contest of a local martial artist Chow Sou Lam (
Zhou Sulin) he knew that his martial skills were astonishing. One of the famous methods Wong Lin Kiu taught was
3 contacts (). Of all of Wong Lin Kius student the most outstanding were Lam Hap and Lam Qing Jyun (
Lin Qingyuan, father of Lam Yiu Quai). Lam Hap changed the famous 3 moves( ) into 9 step push(
) and Lam Qing Jyun changed it into 16 step push( ).
In 1862 Lam Hap started his own famous Boxing school Wai Joeng Lam Ga
Mou Gwun ( Huiyang Lin Jia Martial School) in Wai Joeng
Loeng Fa Heoi ( Huiyang Liang Huaxu). Later on he was a
government official of the SingTungMun in WaiChow (
). Once during the practise of basic skills like straight step () and Cross
Form () at Luo Fu (!) mountain he was watched by a monk. The
monk then asked him: "You practise the same skills as I do, who is your
master?". It turned out that this master was Gwong Zeon ("Guang
Jin), the sihing (" elder martial brother) of Wong Lin Kiu. Gwong Zeon
was the abbot on the SiuSat mountain () Fuijian province. To
refine and complete his skills he studied for 3 more years with Gwong Zeon.
Among the students were Cheung Lai Chun, his younger brother Lam Qing
Yuan ( Lin Qingyuan), his nephew Lam Yiu Quai ( Lin
Yaogui), Lam Wun Sin ( Lin Huanxian), Lam Caan Gwong (
Lin Canguang), Ceon Cing Gau( Qin Chengjiu ), Lam Zin Hung (
Lin Zhanxiong- who was a schoolmate of Chiang Kai Shek) and so on.
The curriculum of Lam Haps Dragon Style consists of: Dragon Sign 18
rubbings (), Dragon Sign 24 broken bridge hands (
), Fierce Tiger jumping wall (#), Eagle Claw ($), 4 doors provoke hitting (), Lively Dragon Living Tiger (%
), rigid bridge (), Siu Lam Double leading staff (&), 9 starting staff (), Long Staff (), Big Sword (), Double
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Cheung Lai Chun in Buddist Robe
sword (), Single Sword (), etc. Of the teaching of his master Lam Hap, Cheung Lai Chun took into his Pak Mei the form of Ying Jow
Nim Kiu (). Later on Cheung Lai Chun was assisting in teaching in Waidung Loeng Fa Lam Family Martial School of Lam Hap.
1908 To Guangzhou to seek fortune
In 1908 Cheung Lai Chun went to Guangzhou () to seek fortune. In the beginning when he had not yet a home he stayed with an uncle. Like
lots of Chinese people Cheung Lai Chun would go out every morning to have breakfast in a teahouse in Guangzhou. On one of these mornings
he noticed a young monk sitting on one of the tables. Under the visitors of the teahouse were many Manchu's, including some officers from the
army. These Manchu officers behaved very rude against the Chinese (Han) visitors and harassed them at their tables. Cheung Lai Chun noticed
that they always avoided the young monk, although he was not build very strong or looking dangerous. Even on busy day's no one dared to sit at
the monk's table. Cheung Lai Chun realised that this monk must be someone very special.
On a quiet day Cheung Lai Chun decided to make acquaintance with the young monk and he sat down at the table of the monk. At the moment
that Cheung Lai Chun was sitting down, the young monk stood up and sat somewhere else. Cheung Lai Chun wasn't giving up his attempt and
sat again down at the table of the young monk. This ritual went on a couple of days. One day the monk stood up again and Cheung Lai Chun said
to him: 'Sifu I do not have an disease, why do you walk away every time? Aren't we both Chinese? (meaning both not being Manchu)'. The
young monk thought a little moment and then sat down again. So after all the two men began speaking and after some weeks they even became
friends. One day, on the birthday of a certain god, Cheung Lai Chun prepared some food and invited the young monk to be his guest. They also
drank and the young monk became a little tipsy. Cheung Lai Chun tried to talk to him about Chinese Boxing. But the young monk just kept on
eating and said nothing. At length, Cheung Lai Chun spoke. 'Sifu, may I give a performance of my Chinese Boxing knowledge?' Then Cheung
Lai Chun performed a certain form. 'Do you think that it is good enough for real fighting?' he asked the monk.
The monk replied noncommittally, 'It depends.' Cheung Lai Chun said, ' Ah, Sifu,
you know Chinese Boxing, otherwise you would not talk to me like this. Will you
please give a demonstration so we can see something?' The young monk was still
tipsy. He stood up and gave a performance of three movements. He showed darting
fingers (biu tze), one phoenix eye ( fong ngaan) punch and one monk
disrobing technique ( baak ma lo hon tyut gaa saa). Cheung Lai
Chun criticized him unfavourably. 'Sifu, your kungfu is not useful, you just stood
there, How can you hit your opponent like that?' The young monk said: 'It depends'.
He meant that it depends on what sort of opponent you met. Then Cheung Lai Chun
said, 'Maybe we can have a private contest?'. The young monk said nothing but just
stood there. Reluctantly Cheung Lai Chun asked him to put himself on guard. The
monk just shook his head. Cheung Lai Chun rushed forward and used an arrow fist
from the Li family Boxing to attack him. Then he retreated and tried to slip to he
right hand side of the monk. But the monk blocked his arm and stopped him.
Cheung Lai Chun tried to use some other techniques but could not make any
headway.
Then he said: 'Let's try again, I still have some other movements left'. Soon after he
told me he used a technique of the Dragon Sign Style, rushed, deflected and tried to make the monk block him. Then he used the close ear and
shoulder movement to make him fall. Unfortunately for Cheung Lai Chun the young monk used the technique he had shown earlier: monk takes
of robe. He turned at waist, blocked and pushed.
Then Cheung Lai Chun flew of like an airplane. As he flew down he landed on a fish
tank and broke it. He was cut on the chin by broken glass and seriously shocked. He
got up, not understanding why he had been flung away by this little monk so easily.
Blood came from his chin. He sighed and spoke with the monk. 'Ah great monk, if
you had shown me your real art I would have not dared to challenge you. May I have
the honour of becoming your student?' The monk waved his hands and said: 'I could
never do this; if my sifu hears this he would think that I was showing off here, there
and everywhere and I would be punished.' Cheung Lai Chun felt astonished. 'My
lord, your kungfu is so marvellous, your sifu must be very, very good. Come on
introduce me to him'. This request made the young monk nervous. He said: 'Please be
kind enough not to try to see my sifu?' He went on: 'If he knew that I had showed
somebody my Chinese Boxing he would half kill me.' At that time Cheung Lai Chun
did not insist seeing this sifu. He just made friends with this young monk and invited
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Gwong How Temple (1905)
Cheung Lai Chun demonstrating
in Gwong How Temple
Wong War Mausoleum
him out to meals as usual.
After several weeks he had gleaned that the old
sifu of the young monk was Chuk Fat Wan (
Du Fa Yun). His favourite and
almost exclusive food was eggs. He was on a
pilgrimage and temporary living in Gwong
How Temple ( Guang Xiao Si),
Guangzhou. It turned out that old Chuk Fat Wan had been a disciple at a temple where Pak Mei had taught
his students in a temple on O Mei ( Emei shan) mountain of Sze Chuan ( Sichuan) Province.
When Chuk Fat Wan had completed his training he had brought his disciple Lin Sang (Lian Sheng) to
visit some other provinces of China. When he arrived in Guangzhou he had taken up residence in Gwong
How temple. He was then 92 years old. Cheung Lai Chun had thought that he was an excellent boxer, and
was trying his luck in Guangzhou. Having been beaten by the young monk his confidence had been shown
to be ill founded. One day he had bought two large baskets of eggs and followed the young monk Lin Sang
() to the Gwong How temple. This quite annoyed the young monk, but Cheung Lai Chun ignored his
displeasure. When they met Chuk Fat Wan, the old Master was angry. The young monk knelt down on the
floor and bowed to his master. Cheung Lai Chun explained that he was looking for the true martial arts.
Sincerely he wanted to become a disciple. Old sifu Chuk Fat Wan refused him. He told Cheung Lai Chun
that he would leave Guangzhou and go to another place, but Cheung Lai Chun said that he would follow
him. At last he was accepted and he sold some fields and other property and followed the old sifu. After
three years the old sifu taught him Kou Pu Toi (), Sip Pat Mo Kjauw (), Mang Fu Tjoe
Lin ( ) and other forms. He did not only learn martial art, but also meditation techniques like
"Dharma Internal Strenght ()", escape techniques () and Dit Da expertise
(). Cheung Lai Chun then became the first man to introduce the Pak Mei style into South China. Cheung Lai Chun not only excelled in
kungfu but also in Chinese herbal medicine, bone setting and such, meditation, making the body impervious to pain. When Cheung Lai Chun
travelled with his sifu Chuk Fat Wan he also learned Buddhism, beside the Pak Mei style. They were monks and travelled from temple to temple.
1911 Wong War Shun uprise ( Huanghuagang Park uprise)
In early 1911 after studing 3 years of Pak Mei with Chuk Fat Wan Cheung Lau Chun returned to his
mother in WaiChow village. Not long after his arrival in WaiChow he (re)joined the Tong Mang
Wui (Tongmenghui United Allegiance Society). This society was formely know as the
Hing Zung Wui. On April 27, 1911 (March 29, Lunar year Xinhai), this society led by Dr. Sun Yat-
Sen, Ziu Seng ( Zhao Sheng) as the commanding officer and Wong Hing ( Huang Xing
a.k.a. Eight Fingered General) as his vice-commander started the uprise. With around 500 volunteers
Cheung Lai Chun took part of the Wong War Shun uprise (a.k.a. "3.29" Guangzhou Uprise). The
revolutionaries were soon outnumbered as they desperately fought the Qing Army in the streets. This
unsuccessful uprise ended up in disastrous failure and costed 72 men their life on the Wong War Hill
(Yellow Flowers Hill). After this uprise Cheung Lai Chun returned again to his hometown
WaiChow. This bloody unsuccesfull uprise must have marked him in his attitude to combat and
training.
1912 Kong Mun Town ()
Cheung Lai Chun left for Kong Mun Town ( Jiangmen) in the San Wui (( Xin Hui) District where he assisted a Detective and Choy
Li Fut master by the name of Leoi Can ( Lei Can) in investigating salt smugglers. In a confrontation with the smugglers Cheung lai Chun
broke the arm of the leader so that he could be arrested. After this Cheung Lai Chun was asked to teach there. Soon after he started teaching he
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was challenged by a kungfu master with the name Chan Sau ( Chen Shou). Cheung Lai Chun won the battle, which increased his fame.
Later on, due to some trouble after a fight, he was forced to leave Kong Mun Town. After Kong Mun Town he went to Toishan ()
on the southwest of Kong Mun Town and taught there for two years before he finally left for Guangzhou.
1921-1922 Tigers of the East River ()
When Cheung Lai Chun left for Guangzhou in 1920s he left with his good friend Lam Yiu Quai (son of Lam Qing Yuan) to seek a new future
there. Although Lam Yiu Quai learned most of his father and grandfather Lam Ching Chun ( Lin Jing Quan), he also trained at the school
of Lam Haap (his fathers older classmate). Lam Yiu Quai became famous in Guangzhou when he in 1925 defeated a Russian nationality
heavyweight world boxing champion. It was a tough fight and Lam Yiu Quai at last defeated the Russian with a technique called turn body pull
hammer (]]). This very strong same background in boxing has made that their eventually own styles (Pak Mei and Dragon Sign Style)
share many similarities and are called sister styles. They (Cheung Lai Chun and Lam Yiu Quai) were in the region of Tung Kong known as the
best boxers of that time and were called the two tigers of east river (Tung Gong Ji Fu ).
Three tigers of East River (Tung Gong Sam Fu )
In some stories they were called with Lau Sing Co ( Liu Cheng Chu) a.k.a Lau Sui (master of Chu Ga Tong Long ) the three tigers
of east river (Tung Gong Sam Fu ). But in other stories Mok Ga () master Lam Jan Tong (|) was mentioned as the third
Tiger, also because he came from the East River area and was an exponent in kungfu.
Cheung Lai Chun () Lam Yiu Quai () Lau Sui () Lam Jan Tong (|)
First Pak Mei school
In Guangzhou Cheung Lai Chun sets up his firsts school in Pak Mei Boxing. The first school he sets up is the `Dai Tung Wui Mo Gun` (
' Datong Kuai Wuguan). And the Lai Cuyn Gwok Soei Se ( Li Cun Guoshushe) at Guangzhou "Four Shops" (
). This school was original located at Guangzhou "Sui Jut"(((). Through the years the amount of schools would grow up to 18
schools in Guangzhou. Some under his personal attention and some let by senior apprentices. In old China it was common for a master to be
challenged by other martial artist. This could be just to see who was the best of the two or to put a master out of business by beating him. In the
first half of the 1920s a famous Cai Li Fo () and Black Dragon Chi Kung () master by the name of Zang Wai Bok (
Zeng Huibo 1906-1958) challenged and won of many masters in Guangzhou. This was called "Kicking the Hall" (|'). One day on his way
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Sun Yuk Fung
Wong Siu Haap's sifu
(see below)
home after visiting his mother the young Zang Wai Bok (at that time aged 19) passed the school of Cheung Lai Chun. And a match was set up
between the two because Zang Wai Bok wanted to see who of the two was the Brave Tiger Guangdong (). Guangzhou was then
shocked that Cheung Lai Chun was able to win of this young powerfull champion. After his loss Zang Wai Bok became one of the first
apprentice of Cheung Lai Chun.
Not long after this Ha Ho Hung ( Xia Hanxiong 1892-1962), Zang Wai Bok Cai Li Fo brother, also joined the school of Cheung Lai
Chun. Due to his enormous combat experience Zang Wai Bok and Ha Ho Hung accompanied Cheung Lai Chun in many battles. In this period
Cheung Lai Chun frequently had fights with challengers in his schools. A total of 11 fights of challengers who came to his school were all won
by Cheung Lai Chun. This supposably gave him the alias Guangdong Fierce Tiger (). In Guangzhou he became famous for his skill in
Pak Mei. Many famous men and masters came to study from him.
In the north there is Sun Yuk Fung, in the south there is Cheung Lai Chun
In the 20 and 30 in Guangzhou there was a saying which said ' In the north there is Sun Yuk Fung, in the
south there is Cheung Lai Chun (). Sun Yuk Fung ( Sun Yufeng) was a
very famous successor in Lo Hon Boxing ( Luo Hanmen Zongshi) from Lin Wo Jing County
Hebei province (). In the 1920s (up to 1945) Sun Yuk Fung taught in the Ching
Wu () in Guangzhou. He had several masters like Baqua master Chang Chan Kuei (
Zhang Zhankui), nickname Big Saber Chang , who taught him his saber skills. And the monkmaster
Yuan Tung Sim ( Yuan Tongchan) who taught him Luo Han boxing. Both masters also had other
nicknames: Cheung Lai Chun was knows as Seven provinces Boxing Champion () and
Sun Yuk Fung knows as Seven Provinces King of Sword () and Five Provinces Champion
().
1924-1928 Whampoa Military Academy ()
Because of this outstanding accomplishments in martial arts he was also asked to teach at Guangzhou
Police Training School (), the Yin Tong Military Academy ( Jantang Junxiao) and the Whampoa Military Academy
( Huangpu Junxiao). The Whampoa Military Academy was established on June 16 1924 under the Kuomintang () by
General Chiang Kai Shek ( Jiang Jieshi). The inauguration was on Chengzhou Island offshore from the Whampoa dock in Guangzhou
and so got its name. The military academy Assistant Director Li Zai Sam (Li Jishen ), who established the Guangdong and Guangxi
Martial School (}), knew Cheung Lai Chun very well and invited Cheung Lai Chun to teach there. Cheung Lai Chun taught there
until the Academy moved to Nanjing 1928. Cheung Lai Chun was many times assisted in teaching by his senior students as Lee Sai Keung (
) and Ng Jiu ( ). At Whampoa Military Academy Cheung Lai Chun created several bayonet techniques. His famous techniques
encouraging stabbing rifle technique () and the big swordtechnique () were taught to the infantry that used these techniques in
the Sino-Japanese war (1937-1945). At the Military Academy many officers became students of Cheung Lai Chun like General Liu Chun Jat (
Liao Junyi) and General Wai Chan Fuk ( Wei Zhenfu). One of these officers who became his apprentice was a Lieutenant-General
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Cheung Lai Chun demonstrating Gou Pu Toi
Got Siu Wong (} Ge Zhaohuang), he was ordered in the late 1940s to create the intelligence and secret service for the Nationalist
Kuomintang Army in southern China.
1929 Guangdong and Guangxi Martial School (})
In March 1929 the Guangdong Province Government President Li Zai Sam ( Li
Jishen) established the Guangdong and Guangxi Martial School" (} Liang
Guang Guoshu Wuguan) in East Guangzhou to promote Chinese martial arts. In march 1929
the school had attracted 10 famous and masters of high quality. A selection was made of 5
Southern masters and 5 Northern masters. Among the masters that taught southern styles
were Cheung Lai Chun, Lam Yue Quai, Lam Jam Tong, Lai Seng Gei and Wong Siu Hap.
Because of their exceptional in Southern Styles the were called "the 5 Southern Tiger
Generals ()" (origin: Guangzhou Daily).
In 1928 First National Tournament was held in Nanjing. The majority of the 333 contestants
were practisoners of the Northern styles. Among masters who made a very good impressing
were Gang Dak Hoi ( Geng Dehai) who won the weapons competitions with a sword,
Maan Laai Sing ( Wan Laisheng) for his fierce fighting and Ku Yu Cheong (
Gu Ruzhang) who was one of the 15 winning Champions. in 1929 these 3 masters were
invited to teach Northern Styles at the Guangdong and Guangxi Martial School. The other 2
masters who were invited were Wong Siu Zau ( Wang Shaozhou) and Fu Zhen Song
( Fu Zhensong) the last would also become the head teacher of the school. They were
also known as the "Five Tigers going South ().
The 5 southern tiger generals () of the Guangdong and Guangxi Martial School
Cheung Lai Chun
(1882-1964)
Pak Mei Pai
Lam Yiu Quai
(1874-1966)
Lung Ying
Lam Jan Tong
| (1876-1966)
Mok Ga
Wong Siu Hap
) (1900-1981)
Lo Hon Boxing
Lai Seng Gei
* (1888-1955)
Old Hung Boxing
The 5 Northern Masters () of the Guangdong and Guangxi Martial School
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Fu ZHen Song
(1881-1953)
BaGua Zhang
Ku Yu Cheong
(1894-1962)
North Shaolin