Nelson Mandela: A Journey to New Rights and Responsibilities

Sadie Spilker Sophomore Individual Website

Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources Anti-Apartheid Movement/Bodleian Library, . A protest in August 1990 outside the South African Embassy in London against the apartheid system and the detention of activists in South Africa. 1990. Photograph. SGI Quarterly , London. Web. 16 Jan 2014. This is a primary source because it was taken during the time period of Nelson Mandelas fight for freedom. It was helpful as a heading picture for all my pages because it shows how so many people wanted freedom brought to South Africa. Burns, John F. South Africas New Era; Mandela to go Free today; De Klerk Proclaims Ending of Chapter After 27 years. New York Times. 11 Feb. 1990:2. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. This article is a primary source because it was written on the day that Mandela was released and the author witnessed Mandela being released. It informed me about what people thought about Mandela being released and what actions Mandela made after being released. Dhladhla, Walter. Nelson Mandela takes the oath 10 May 1994 during his inauguration at the Union Building in Pretoria.. 1994. Photograph. Al Jazeera, Pretoria . Web. 15 Jan 2014. This picture is Primary because the photographer was at the inauguration as it was happening. This images helped me understand that everyone wanted Mandela as their leader and he deserved to be their leader. EPA, . Oliver Tambo, anti-Apartheid activist Father Trevor Huddleston, and Nelson Mandela A file photo at a press conference in Maraisburg, Johannesburg. 1991. Photograph. Al JazeeraWeb. 15 Jan 2014. This picture is a primary source because the photographer was

there and took this photo at the press conference. This picture addressed me about how the ANC was whites and blacks working together to stop apartheid. Eric Draper, White House Photographer, . Nelson Mandela and President George W. Bush in the Oval Office, May 2005. 2005. Photograph. Wikimedia CommonsWeb. 16 Jan 2014. This primary source picture was taken by a photographer that was in the White House with Nelson Mandela and it showed me that Nelson Mandela was a very important person and it was even a privilege for the President of the United States to meet him. Mandela, Nelson. An International Tribute to Free South Africa. An International Tribute to Free South Africa Concert. African National Congress. Wembley Stadium, London. 16 Apr 1990. Speech. This is a primary source because it is Nelson Mandelas original speech. It showed me and helped me understand that Nelson Mandela was respected by people all across the world and affected everyone to this day. Mandela, Nelson. I am Prepared to Die. Mandelas Defense statement in the 1964 Trial. Pretoria, South Africa. 20 Apr 1964. Speech. This speech is a primary source because it is Mandelas own words and was recorded as he was saying the speech. It shows and helps me understand how dedicated he was to achieving his goal of regaining African Americans rights. Unknown, . Participants in the 1952 Defiance Campaign. 1952. Photograph. South Africa:Overcoming Apartheid Building DemocracyWeb. 15 Jan 2014. The photographer that took this photo was watching the 1952 Defiance Campaign and this picture was taken at the same time the Defiance Campaign was happening. This image was helpful to

me because it helped me understand that Nelson Mandela was not the only person that wanted to stop the apartheid laws. Weinberg, Paul. This is the official photo of Mandela casting his vote in the 1994 elections. It was the first time Mandela had voted in his life. It was taken at Ohlange School, Inanda. 1994. Photograph. Wikimedia Commons, Inanda, Durban. Web. 15 Jan 2014. This image is one of the two original pictures taken on the day that Nelson Mandela voted for the first time. Voting is a big deal and this picture made me realize how important it was to not only Mandela but all Black people. White House Photograph Office, Clinton Administration, . Mandela with US President Bill Clinton. Despite publicly criticising him on several occasions, Mandela liked Clinton, and personally supported him during his impeachment proceedings.[256]. 1993. Photograph. Wikimedia CommonsWeb. 15 Jan 2014. This picture was taken in the time period being discussed in my project therefore it is a primary source. Mandela was not only a great leader but he was also a very kind person and this picture helped me understand he loved many people and many people loved him. World Economic Forum Copyright, . Frederik de Klerk and Nelson Mandela shake hands at the Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum held in Davos in January 1992. 1992. Photograph. Wikimedia CommonsWeb. 15 Jan 2014. The photographer took this picture as Mandela and the former President of South Africa were shaking hands so this is a primary source. Also this image is important because Frederik de Klerk is the person who released Mandela and lifted the ban off the ANC.

Secondary Sources B. Ilyukhin. Michel-Designer, Scanned and processed by Mariluna. A USSR stamp, 70th Birth Anniversary of Nelson Mandela. Date of issue: 18th July 1988. Designer: B. Ilyukhin. Michel catalogue number: 5853. 10 K. multicoloured. Portrait of Nelson Mandela (fighter for freedom of South Africa).. 2007. Photograph. Wikimedia CommonsWeb. 15 Jan 2014. This secondary source picture of a stamp shows me how important Mandela was to people all over the world. BKP, . Mandelas open cell window facing the prison yard on Robben Island, now a national and World Heritage Site. 1997. Photograph. Wikimedia CommonsWeb. 15 Jan 2014. This picture was taken long after Mandela was released from prison so it is a secondary source. It showed me what living conditions were like while Mandela was in jail. Borisgorelik, . Mandela moved into the presidential office at Tuynhuys, Cape Town.. 2008. Photograph. Wikimedia CommonsWeb. 15 Jan 2014. This picture is secondary because it was taken after Mandela was president and it is important because it shows what Mandela deserved to live in after being in a tiny cell for 27 years. C, El. For use by white persons sign from the apartheid era. 2005. Photograph. Wikimedia CommonsWeb. 15 Jan 2014. This sign is secondary because the photographer didnt take this picture when the apartheid laws were actually laws. Also this sign shows everyone how unequal whites and blacks were treated. Ehrmann, Thierry . Nelson Mandela graffiti by Thierry Ehrmann in the Abode of Chaos museum, France. 2010. Photograph. Wikimedia CommonsWeb. 16 Jan 2014. This is a secondary picture that shows how much people respect Mandela still and always will.

Garyvdm, . Luthuli House. 2011. Photograph. Wikimedia CommonsWeb. 15 Jan 2014. This is a secondary picture because the photographer didnt take it during the time period and the image shows the ANCs headquarters. Joe, Alexander. Children walk past a mural of the leader for peace, which shows the different landmarks of his momentous life. 2012. Photograph. Bio. True Story., Soweto, Gauteng, South Africa. Web. 15 Jan 2014. This secondary image shows that Mandela still effects younger generation and will affect many more generations to come. Kramer, Ann. Nelson Mandela. Austin, TX: Raintree Streck-Vaughn Publishers, 2003. 2-112. Print. This source was used to show and help me understand how Nelson Mandela fought for no only his rights but all African Americans. It is a secondary source because it the author didnt write this book when Nelson Mandela was fighting against apartheid. Lysippos, . Fort Hare (old building). 2008. Photograph. Wikimedia CommonsWeb. 15 Jan 2014. This image is secondary and shows what Mandelas college looked like. Malam, John. The Release of Nelson Mandela. Smart Apple Media, 2003. 6-31. Print. This secondary book helped me completely understand what Nelson Mandelas environment in prison and when Mandela moved from jail to jail and when he was released. Midnightblueowl, . The bust of South African political activist Nelson Mandela on the Southbank, London. It was erected under the Greater London Council administration of Ken Livingstone in 1985.. 2012. Photograph. Wikimedia CommonsWeb. 15 Jan 2014. People honor Mandela in multiple ways but this picture shows people made a bust of him and it is a secondary image.

Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory, . "Biography." Nelson Mandela Foundation. Nelson Mandela Centre of Memory. Web. 2 Jan 2014. This secondary source taught me about what actions and changes Nelson Mandela made as president of South Africa. Nelson Mandela Speaks Forging a Democratic, Nonracial South Africa. New York: Pathfinder Press, 1993. 9-280. Print. This book is secondary because the author wasnt a witness to the events that they wrote about. It informed me about what apartheid was and helped me fully understand it. Nelson, Kadir. Nelson Mandela. 1st ed. New York: Katherine Tegen Books is an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers, 2013. 1-36. Print. This book helped me understand and showed me that Mandela wanted all African Americans to forget their horrible past and focus on the amazing futures they had earned. It is a secondary source because the author wasnt a witness of the events. NJR ZA, . Nelson Mandela Bridge in Johannesburg. 2005. Photograph. Wikimedia CommonsWeb. 16 Jan 2014. This is a secondary image because it wasnt taken during the time period I talk about in my essay and it shows you that even people today respect Mandela enough to not only name things but build things in his honor. Rasmussen, R. Kent. Modern African Political Leaders. New York: Fact On File, Inc, 1998. 1123. Print. This secondary book also informed me about how Mandela taught younger prisoners about making South Africans rights equals to all whites rights. Sampson, Anthony. Mandela. 1st ed. United Kingdom: HarperCollins Publishers, 1999. 1-672. Print. Mandela still followed his basic African nationalism despite his political growth. This source helped me understand that Nelson Mandelas goal was to regain his peoples

rights. This is a secondary source because its analyzes and interprets information originally from Mandela. Sanchez, Oscar Arias. Champions of Human Rights Nelson Mandela. Youth of Human Rights. N.P.. Web. This website helped me understand and showed me that Nelson Mandela was willing to sacrifice his own life for others freedom. It is a secondary source because it wasnt written at the same time the events were taking place. Swarns, Rachel L. Robben Island Journal; with Vivid Palette, Mandela Depicts the Jailhouse Years. New York Times. 12 Feb 2003: n. page. Web. 17 Oct. 2013. This secondary article taught me about the conditions of Robben Island and how Mandela secretly continued to fight toward making all humans have equal rights. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, . "Nelson Mandela." Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc. (2014): n. page. Web. 2 Jan. 2014. This secondary source informed me about what foundations and actions Mandela did after being president. Trimmer, Michael. Nelson Mandela acknowledging the crowd at a rally in Glasgow after he had earlier received the Freedom of the City. 2013. Photograph. Christian TodayWeb. 15 Jan 2014. This secondary image shows how happy and proud Mandela was to complete his long journey to freedom. Unknown, . Young Nelson Mandela. 1996. Photograph. Wikimedia Commons, South Africa. Web. 15 Jan 2014. This photograph is secondary because it is not the original and it shows how youn Mandela was when he started fighting for freedom.

Waldmeir, Patti. Anatomy of a Miracle he end of Apartheid and the Birth of the New South Africa. 1st ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc, 1997. 1-303. Print. This secondary book helped me understand how difficult Nelson Mandelas journey to end apartheid was. Witstinkhout, . Nelson Mandela's prison cell on Robben Island. 2013. Photograph. Wikimedia CommonsWeb. 15 Jan 2014. This picture is secondary because it shows how small and horrible it must have been to live in one of those cells for 27 years. Wlk, Rdiger . South Afrika, Robben Island, Quarry. 2005. Photograph. Wikimedia CommonsWeb. 15 Jan 2014. This secondary image shows Robben Island years after Mandela ws there and helped me understand how isolated the island felt. Wyk, Chris Van. Nelson Mandela Long Walk to Freedom. 1st ed. New York: Roaring Brook Press, 2009. 1-56. Print. This book showed me how Mandela wanted blacks and whites to unite as one country. It also helped me understand Nelson Mandelas childhood and how he was raised. It is a secondary source because its a biography on Nelson Mandela not his words.