Gracias Por Sus Servicios PDF

DAVID FINKEL (1955) es redactor en
The Washington Post, donde es tambin

jefe del equipo de periodismo de ini-
ciativa. Se incorpor al diario en 1990
y ha trabajado para las redacciones de
nacional, internacional y de la revista del
peridico. Ha informado desde frica,
Asia, Amrica Central, Europa y desde
todo Estados Unidos, y particip en la
cobertura informativa sobre el terreno de
Irak, Afganistn y Kosovo. Entre los pre-
mios que ha recibido guran el Robert F.
Kennedy Journalism Award, el Missouri Li-
festyle Award y en 2006 recibi el Premio
Pulitzer por una serie de noticias sobre
las campaas democrticas nanciadas
por EE.UU. en Yemen. Ha sido nalista
del Pulitzer en otras tres ocasiones y en
2012 gan el MacArthur Genius Grant.
Su obra Los buenos soldados (Crtica,
2010) estuvo en la lista de los mejores
libros de 2009 de The New York Times,
Chicago Tribune, Slate.com y The Boston
Globe; gan el Helen Bernstein Book Award
for Excellence in Journalism, y est recono-
cido como uno de los libros ms impor-
tantes sobre la guerra de Irak.
Imagen de cubierta:
Damon Winter / Te New York Times
Realizacin de cubierta: Jaime Fernndez, 2013
david
finkel
gracias
por sus
servicios
el retorno
de los soldados
David Finkel, Premio Pulitzer y autor de Los buenos solda-
dos, sigue ahondando en la historia de unos hombres a
quienes conoci en plena guerra de Irak. Unos hombres
que regresaron a su pas destrozados por las experiencias
vividas, incapaces de reemprender una existencia nor-
mal. Estos supervivientes forman parte del gran drama de
los veteranos de las guerras del siglo XXI: cada 80 minutos
se suicida uno de ellos, de modo que el nmero de los sui-
cidas supera ya al de los cados en combate en Irak y Afga-
nistn. Finkel se aproxima a ellos en un relato directo y
descarnado, que tiene la virtud de conmovernos y sacudir-
nos, al denunciar algo que se nos oculta sistemticamente:
que usamos a los soldados para la guerra, permitimos que
se destruyan en ella, y los abandonamos despus. Elizabeth
Samet escribi que si Los buenos soldados era una especie
de Ilada posheroica de la guerra de Irak, Gracias por sus ser-
vicios es algo as como su Odisea.
www.ed-critica.es
PVP 19,90 10037564
david finkel
gracias
por sus servicios
el retorno de los soldados
Memoria Crtica
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@;MRER> ED 9M9RE VHH BRE>VGMRE<D> MSRVHM5VSD> >DU?R RH TD?V5E SR
o><VSD> ]EMSD> 6 HV BDR>V SR HV> HHVE;?V>u oE T;VE<D V HV B?DBMV
j;ET<MDE qM<6, S;?VE<R G;TOD <MRGBD >R OV HVU?VSD ;EV QVGV SR H;4
PV? VES?VLD>D, 6 RH UV??MD SRH TRE<?D RE RH @;R 9M9RE sSVG 6 _V>JMV ED
OVTR >MED TDE><V<V?HDu _V>JMV T?RR @;R VH D<?D SR HV TVHHR 9M9R ;E VP?R4
>D? >R7;VH, ;E BRSQMHD, @;R Q;R TDESREVSDu qR?TV OV6 ;E <?VQMTVE<R,
6 9V?MV> TV>V> G> VSRHVE<R ;E ODGU?R RE HMUR?<VS TDESMTMDEVH @;R ED
SRLV SR B?RP;E<V?HR> >M B;RSR ;>V? RH <RHQDEDu cDR>V SRH TD?V5E SR
oou]]ua RE V;>RETMV SR sSVG, _V>JMV SD?GV TDE ;EV BM><DHVu
_; 9MRLV TV>V R> BR@;RV BV?V T;V<?D BR?>DEV> 6 SD> BR??D> P?VE4
SR>, TV?MD>D> 6 SR>VHMVSD>, BR?D R> HD #EMTD @;R B;RSRE BR?GM<M?>Ru
hR> TD>< VHPD G> SR (CCuCCC SHV?R>u q;RE<V TDE SD> SD?GM<D?MD>
BR@;RD> RE HV BHVE<V UVLV 6 D<?D RE RH ><VED, TDE><?;MSD RE RH G;4
P?MRE<D T;V?<D SR HV TVHSR?Vu oE >; OVUM<VTME OV6 DT;H<V> <?R> V?GV>u
oH URU, @;R >R HHVGV jV7>DE, S;R?GR VH QDESD SRH BV>MHHD, 6 RH ><VED
R> BV?V XDR, HV SR >RM> VD>, V @;MRE >MRGB?R OV6 @;R TDE9RETR? ;EV 6
D<?V 9R5 BV?V @;R UVLR HV> R>TVHR?V>u
_V>JMV RETDE<? HV TV>V 6 HV TDGB? S;?VE<R RH #H<MGD SR>BHMRP;R
SR sSVG, RH @;R HR SRL ORTOD VMTD>u sHH R> SDESR V>BM?V?VE V HV
9MSV @;R VGUD> R>BR?VUVE >M H >R VHM><VUV RE RH RL?TM<Da TV>V, EMD>,
BR??D>, BV<MD, SMER?D, R><VUMHMSVS 6 B?R9M>MUMHMSVSu _V>JMV >VUV @;R
9DH9R?V V TV>V REQR?GD, BR?D <VGUME @;R GRLD?V?V ;EV 9R5 @;R >R
VHRLV?V SR HV P;R??V 6 ?RP?R>V?V L;E<D V RHHV, @;R TDE >; GR?V B?R>RETMV
>VEV?Vu o>V 9;RH<V V TV>V SR T;RE<D SR OVSV>! R> TDGD RHHV HD MGV4
22 pV9MS nMEJRH
PMEVUVu ^DSD RH G;ESD QRHM5, TDGD >M E;ETV O;UMR?V DT;??MSDu! oE4
<DETR>, sSVG HHRP V TV>V 6 ED R?V QRHM5u oHHV HR V>RP;? @;R HD RE<RE4
SV, 6 T;VESD SMLD @;R <DSV9V ED >R >RE<V B?RBV?VSD BV?V R><V?
?DSRVSD SR G;TOV PRE<R, <VGUME HD RE<RESMu lVUV SRTMSMSD @;R
>; BVTMRETMV >R?V MEQMEM<Vu c;>MR?DE RE VH@;MHR? HV TV>V @;R _V>JMV OV4
UV ?RQD?GVSD BV?V H 6 >R <?V>HVSV?DE V ;EV P?VELV RE RH TVGBD @;R
OVUV @;RSVSD SR>DT;BVSVu s@;RHHD R?V OR?GD>D RE D<DD, BR?D ED
<VE<D RE ME9MR?ED, T;VESD HD> >RGU?VSD> >R TDE9R?<VE RE ?V><?DLD 6 RH
TMRHD P?M> >R TR?EV >DU?R RHHD>u oH VM>HVGMRE<D VTVU ?R>;H<VESD R7TR4
>M9D T;VESD ;ED SR >;> TDTOR> >R R><?DBR, V> @;R 9DH9MR?DE V j;ET<MDE
qM<6 6 _V>JMV SRTD? RH SD?GM<D?MD TDE ;E R><V?TMSD RE HV BV?RS @;R
SRTVa pVGR >MRGB?R ;E UR>D SR U;REV> EDTOR>!u
sSVG HD OVTVu pR>B;>, RGUD<VSD BD? HD> GRSMTVGRE<D> BV?V
HV VE>MRSVS, HV SRB?R>ME, HD> ER?9MD>, RH VPD<VGMRE<D 6 RH SDHD? SR
TVUR5V, SRL SR OVTR?HDu h;RPD RHHV RGBR5 V OVTR?HD TVSV 9R5 GRED>,
6 ;E SV HR TDEQR> V ;EV VGMPV, T;6D GV?MSD <VGUME OVUV 9;RH<D
REQR?GD SR HV P;R??Va gM R><VSD SR EMGD TVGUMV V SMV?MDu ]E SV
BMRE>D @;R sSVG GR ?R>;H<V G;6 SDHD?D>D 6 VH SV >MP;MRE<R GR SMPDa
6rV><Vu _;B?VHDu o>BVUMHV!u
eVSV GRLD?V?!, SRTV >; VGMPV >DU?R >; VB?RESM5VLRu eVSV
>R? TDGD VE<R>u eVSV >R? TDGD 6D @;MR?D @;R >RV, V> @;R <REPD @;R
VU?MPV? R7BRT<V<M9V> ?V5DEVUHR> >DU?R HD @;R R> QVT<MUHRu!
_DE HV> G;LR?R> @;MRER> <MRERE @;R VSVB<V?>Ru eD> DT;??R V
<DSV>!, VBD><MHH _V>JMV GMRE<?V> >; VGMPV V>RE<Vu sOD?V RGBMR5V
D<?V LD?EVSV RE HV @;R <?V<V? SR OVTR? L;><VGRE<R R>D GMRE<?V> HD>
BR??D> SRH 9RTMED V#HHVE 6 sSVG >R GDE<V RE RH V>MRE<D SRH VTDGBV4
VE<Ru cD? RH GD<M9D @;R >RV, >; M??M<VTME ED SRLV SR T?RTR?, 6 RH
ORTOD SR @;R >RV TDE>TMRE<R SR RHHD 6 ED B;RSV MGBRSM?HD RGBRD?V
HV> TD>V>u qDES;TR 9V?MV> GVE5VEV> 6, SR >#UM<D, >R SR<MRER RE ;EV
PV>DHMER?Vu
eRTR>M<V> ?RBD><V?N B?RP;E<V sSVGu
s GRED> @;R @;MR?V> RGB;LV?uuu ?R>BDESR RHHVu
b;MR?R> VHPD SR SRE<?DN
_V>JMV ED ?R>BDESRu
]E SDE;<N SMTR Hu
eDu
sSVG HHREV RH SRB>M<D 6 RE<?V V BVPV? 6, T;VESD >VHR, HHR9V RE HV
GVED ;EV gD;E<VME pR8 6 ;E B;VSD SR T;BDER> SR HD<R?Vu
o><> SR U?DGVN!, SMTR _V>JMV T;VESD sSVG >R SM>BDER V
?V>TV? RH B?MGR? T;BEu dSMV @;R GVHPV><R RH SMER?D RE HD<R?V, 6
V#E G> RE gD;E<VME pR8u _MP;R >DVESD!, SMTR GMRE<?V> B?;R4
UV TDE RH >RP;ESD T;BEu _V>JMV ?RTD??R HV TM;SVS SR<?> SR ;EV
GMEMQ;?PDER<V 6 HHRPV V ;EV ?VGBV @;R TDES;TR V HV ME<R?R><V<VHu
cD? @; Q?REVEN cD? @; Q?REVEN cd` b] nòeseN!, P?M4
<V _V>JMVu
cM>V RH VTRHR?VSD? 6 VSRHVE<V V <DSV 9RHDTMSVS V ;EV VETMVEV, >DHV
VH 9DHVE<R, GMRE<?V> sSVG B?;RUV TDE RH <R?TR? T;BEu
s6R? EDTOR BV> BD? R>R B;RE<R VH HVSD SR [VHGV?< 6 SRUVLD
OVUV >RE<VSD ;E 9VPVU;ESD ?DSRVSD SR ;E RED?GR GDE<E SR ?V>4
TV> HR T;RE<V sSVGu _;BDEPD @;R VHP;MRE HR SMD SMER?D 6 HD
;<MHM5 BV?V TDGB?V? T;BDER>u
pRUM><R SR >R? <# SMTR RHHVu
sSVG B?;RUV TDE RH T;V?<D T;BE 6 _V>JMV VHTVE5V HD> (xC JMH4
GR<?D> BD? OD?Vu _R SM?MPRE VH lD>BM<VH BV?V o7TDGUV<MRE<R> SR ^D4
BRJV, TMRE JMHGR<?D> RE SM?RTTME R><R, BV?V ;EV TM<V TDE RH GSMTDu
hV P;R??V HR TV;> ôc^, SRB?R>ME, BR>VSMHHV>, SDHD?R> SR TVUR5V,
VT#QRED> 6 ;EV HR9R HR>ME TR?RU?VH <?V;G<MTV, ?R>;H<VSD SR ;E B?D4
6RT<MH SR GD?<R?D @;R TV6 >ME B?R9MD V9M>D SRH TMRHD V5;H 6 R><VHH <VE
TR?TV @;R HD SRL V<;?SMSD GDGRE<ERVGRE<Ru oE<?R RH TOR@;R SR
SM>TVBVTMSVS @;R HR B?DT;?V RH PDUMR?ED, BD? ;E <D<VH SR DTODTMRE<D>
SHV?R> GRE>;VHR>, 6 RH >VHV?MD SR *&uCCC SHV?R> VH VD SR ;E RGBHRD
@;R RETDE<?, PVEV VH?RSRSD? SR SD> <R?TMD> SR HD @;R BR?TMUV RE RH
RL?TM<Du o>V R> HV ?V5E BD? HV @;R _V>JMV SR<R><V @;R GVHPV><R SMER4
?D RE T;BDER> SR HD<R?Vu
sSVG HD ME<RE<V TDE RH @;ME<D 6 VE;ETMVa
lR PVEVSD SMR5 BV9D>u
_V>JMV HD GM?Vu
^R OV> PV><VSD TMETD SMTRu lV> PVEVSD TMETDu b; BMRE4
>V> OVTR? TDE R>DN
qDGB?V? ;E BV@;R<R SR <VUVTDu
_V>JMV SR<R><V @;R Q;GRu pR<R><V @;R HR VBR<R5TV R><V? >DHD <VE V
GRE;SD, 6V >RV BR>TVESD, TV5VESD D Q;GVESD ;E TMPV??MHHD RE RH BD?4
24 pV9MS nMEJRH
TOR RE GRSMD SR HV D>T;?MSVSu pR<R><V @;R VH QMEVH >; BVTMRETMV ED
?R>;H<V? MEQMEM<Vu ]E TVGME 9M?V U?;>TVGRE<R SRHVE<R SR RHHVu
*mMHMBDHHV>. P?M<Vu
lVE <?VE>T;??MSD DTOD VD> SR>SR @;R >R TDEDTMR?DEu n;R RE
gMED<, pVJD<V SRH eD?<Ru oHHV VTVUVUV SR <R?GMEV? RH ME><M<;<Du o?V
;EV TOMTV @;R LVG> >R OVUV >VH<VSD RH <D@;R SR @;RSV 6 9M9V >DHV RE
;E ><VED UV?V<Du ]E SV >VHM SR VHH 6 9MD V ;E G;TOVTOD SR HV 5DEV
TDE GVHV ?RB;<VTME >RE<VSD VH >DH >ME TVGM>Vu hD @;R 9MD sSVG Q;R
;EV TOMTV @;R HD DU>R?9VUV 6 T;6V URHHR5V BV?RTV ;E TDE<?VB;E<D V >;
9MSV OV><V RH GDGRE<Du Y R>D Q;R <DSD BV?V VGUD>u c?DE<D HHRP RH
GV<?MGDEMD 6 >; <V<;VLR SR _s_iks, 6 VOD?V R><E V@;, RHHV BM>VESD
SR E;R9D RH VTRHR?VSD? 6 H R7<RESMRESD RH U?V5D BV?V OVTR?HR TD>@;M4
HHV>, ?RUVLV? HV <RE>ME, OVTR?HV ?R?u oHHV >R RETDPR, TDGD >M HD> SRSD>
SR sSVG <;9MR?VE T;TOMHHV>, 6 VTRHR?V OV><V @;R >R RET;RE<?V V >DHD
;ED> GR<?D> SR D<?D 9ROT;HD @;R V9VE5V HRE<VGRE<Ru
*_VH SR RE GRSMD.
sSVG HR VTV?MTMV HV E;TV 6 R>D HV TVHGV HD >;QMTMRE<R BV?V VGMED4
?V? HV GV?TOV OV><V HD> TMRE<D 9RME<MTMETD JMHGR<?D> BD? OD?Vu
s 9RTR>, SR>B;> SR ;EV SM>T;>ME, _V>JMV T;RE<V HV> BV><MHHV> SR
sSVG BV?V TR?TMD?V?>R SR @;R ED OV <DGVSD SRGV>MVSV> 6 TDGB?;R4
UV @;R <DSV> >;> V?GV> R><E VHHu oH ORTOD SR @;R <VH 9R5 ED >R ?RT;4
BR?R, SR @;R <DSD >RP;M? MP;VH, HV HHREV SR <RGD?, 6 HV MSRV SR @;R
B;RSV >;MTMSV?>R HR ?R<;R?TR HV> RE<?VV> OV><V @;R ED B;RSR ?R>BM?V?u
hD TMR?<D R> @;R sSVG OV BRE>VSD RE >;MTMSV?>R, TVSV 9R5 G> V
GRE;SDu cR?D ED HR OV SMTOD EVSV V RHHV EM V EVSMR, VH GRED> #H<MGV4
GRE<R, BD?@;R @; >RE<MSD <RES?VN qDE T;E<D> B>M@;MV<?V> 6 <R?V4
BR;<V> OV OVUHVSDN q;E<V> 9RTR> HD OV GRETMDEVSD 6 VSESR HR OV
HHR9VSDN
uuuqVSV SV <MRER BRE>VGMRE<D> >;MTMSV>!, VED<VUV RH B>M@;MV<?V
@;R D?SRE >; R9VT;VTME GSMTV SR HV P;R??V L;><D VE<R> SR @;R HD
GVESV?VE V TV>Vu sQM?GV @;R HR ?R>;H<V VHV?GVE<R BRE>V? SR R>R
GDSD 6, V;E@;R OV <REMSD MSRV> >;MTMSV> RE RH BV>VSD, S;?VE<R HD>
#H<MGD> GR>R> OVE >MSD METR>VE<R>u!
^MRER G;TOV> GRED> MSRV> >;MTMSV>, BR?D HD> BRE>VGMRE<D> HR
HHRPVE TDE ?VBMSR5!, >RVHVUV D<?D B>M@;MV<?V GR>R> SR>B;>, ;EV 9R5
@;R O;UD HHRPVSD V TV>Vu
hD> BRE>VGMRE<D> 9VE 6 9MRERE BD? QV>R>u o><R GR> HD> OV <REMSD
SD> 9RTR>!, R>T?MUV D<?D B>M@;MV<?V <?VE>T;??MSD> 9V?MD> GR>R>u
`RTDEDTR MSRV> >;MTMSV> BR?MSMTV>, @;R R><V?V GRLD? G;R?<D,
BR?D E;ETV OV BR?PRVSD ;E BHVE QD?GVH EM HD OV ME<RE<VSDu cD>RR
V?GV>, BR?D >; R>BD>V HV> GVE<MRER VHRLVSV> V GRED> @;R ERTR>M<R M? V
TV5V?!, ?R5VUV RH >MP;MRE<R MEQD?GR, TDEQRTTMDEVSD GR>R> SR>B;>u
^MRER ;><RS BRE>VGMRE<D> >;MTMSV>a GRETMDE MSRV> SMV?MV> SR
>;MTMSMD, ;E BHVE 6 GRSMD> BV?V HHR9V?HD V TVUDu _ME RGUV?PD, ERP
?RBR<MSVGRE<R @;R B?R<RESMR?V OVTR?>R SVD V > GM>GD BD?@;R SRUV
T;MSV? SR >; QVGMHMV! Q;R RH >MP;MRE<R, @;R VVSVa ^MRER HV TVBVTMSVS
SR GVE<RER? ;EV OMPMRER BR?>DEVH GEMGV!u
r;RED, VHPD R> VHPD!, BRE> sSVG T;VESD HR6 V@;RH MEQD?GRu
hDTD, BR?D HMGBMDu hD RETDE<? T;VESD R><VUV RE RH T;V?<D SR HV TVHSR4
?V ?R9M>VESD ;ED> BVBRHR> BV?V TDGB?DUV? @; BDSV ERTR>M<V? RE RH
lD>BM<VH BV?V o7TDGUV<MRE<R>u _; R7BRSMRE<R GSMTD R> P?;R>D 6 ?RBR4
<M<M9D, 6 B?DE<D >R VU;??Mu pR>9M >; V<RETME OVTMV 9V?MV> TVLV> HHREV>
SR TV?<V> @;R H 6 _V>JMV >R OVUVE R>T?M<D GMRE<?V> H R><VUV RE RH R74
<?VELR?D, <DSV> RHHV> SR VGD?u _R R>T?MUVE TV>M V SMV?MDu s> R?VEu hR6
;EV> T;VE<V>, 6 T;VESD RGBR5 V ME9VSM?HR HV <?M><R5V BD? HD @;R VGUD>
OVUVE BR?SMSD, DB< BD? D<?V> TVLV> 6 >R SR<;9D VH RETDE<?V? ;E <?D5D
SR BVBRH RE RH @;R VBV?RTV R>T?M<Da h;PV?R> RE HD> @;R OR R><VSD!u
o?V ;E 9MRLD BRSV5D SR BVBRH SR >; VU;RHD, RH D<?D P?VE >DHSVSD
SR HV QVGMHMV, ;EV HM><V @;R OVUV TDEQRTTMDEVSD RE >; SVu
dTVED s<HE<MTDu
eBDHR>u k<VHMV G;P?MRE<Du
cDGBR6V, k<VHMV ME<R?R>VE<Ru
`DGV, k<VHMV UDEM<Du
m?D>>R<D HMU?VGD> ;EV S;?V UV<VHHV VHHu
qM;SVS SRH \V<MTVED G;6 UDEM<Du
eM5V, n?VETMV TOMTV>u m;V;u
Y R>D R?V <DSD, HV >RP;ESV P;R??V G;ESMVH SR ;E >DHSVSDu q;VE4
SD HHRP V TV>V, LVG> OVUH SR HD @;R OVUV 9M9MSD RE m?D>>R<D, RE
26 pV9MS nMEJRH
eM5V D <VE >M@;MR?V >;?TVESD RH s<HE<MTD, T;VESD SRUV SR R><V? RG4
URUMSD SRH DB<MGM>GD MEPRE;D SR ;E >DHSVSD @;R <DSV9V ED OV HHR4
PVSD V HV P;R??Vu cD? RH TDE<?V?MD, >R TDE9M?<M RE ;E UD??VTOD M?VT;E4
SD S;?VE<R VD>u h;TO RE qD?RV 6 >MP;M V>, 6 SR>B;> RE \MR<EVG,
6 OV><V @;R ED <?VE>T;??MR?DE 9RME<MTMETD VD> >M?9MRESD V >; BV> 6
GVH<?V<VESD V >; QVGMHMV ED ?RTDU? RH TDE<?DHu
sSVG <REV E;R9R VD> T;VESD TDEDTM V >; VU;RHD, 6 R> SMQTMH
>VUR? @;ME R><VUV G> ERTR>M<VSD RE V@;RH GDGRE<Du oH ODGU?R,
@;R 6V ED URUV, >R OVUV >;GMSD RE ;EV 9MSV @;R HHR9VUV B?T<MTV4
GRE<R RE >MHRETMDu sSVG, RE<?R <VE<D, OVUV HHRPVSD VH B;E<D T?;TMVH
SR ;EV MEQVETMV ?;MED>Vu q;VESD R?V G;6 BR@;RD, >;Q?M VU;>D>
>R7;VHR> SR ;E 9RTMED GV6D? @;R T;MSVUV SR Hu q;VESD <REV >RM>
VD>, ?RT;R?SV, >; BVS?R RGBR5 V BRPV?HR 6 ED SRL SR OVTR?HD OV><V
@;R HV GVS?R SR sSVG TDPM ;EV >MHHV 6 HD V<VT TDE RHHVu q;VESD
<REV E;R9R VD>, >; GVS?R SMLD ;E SVa ^; BVS?R >R OV MSD 6 ED 9V V
9DH9R?!, 6 R?V TMR?<Du s sSVG HR OVUV MSD UMRE OV><V V@;RH GDGRE<D
GV<?T;HV> SR ODED?, ED HR QVH<VUVE VGMPD>, BR?D >; GVS?R ED
<REV SMER?D 6 B?DE<D Q;R?DE SR>VO;TMVSD>u ^REVE @;R SD?GM? RE
TV>V SR ;E QVGMHMV? 6 9M9MR?DE RE ;E TDTOR, 6 G> <V?SR >R G;SV?DE
TDE V@;RH R7<?VD 6 HDEPR9D >DHSVSD, @;R, V L;MTMD SR sSVG, R?V >DHD
D<?D ODGU?R @;R VTVUV?V SRTRBTMDEESDHDu
eD DU><VE<R, RE H;PV? SR MPED?V?HD D GVH<?V<V?HD, RH VETMVED GR4
<V V >; GVP;HHVSD EMR<D RE RH qVSMHHVT 6 HD HHR9VUV V SV? HV?PD> BV>RD>u
_DHD> HD> SD>, OVTMESD>R TDGBVVu e;ETV GRSMVUV BVHVU?V, R7TRB<D
BV?V ME>;H<V? V D<?D> TDES;T<D?R>u gVHSM<D TVU?E!, P?M<VUV, 6 H;RPD
>RP;V TDES;TMRESD RE >MHRETMD, Q;GVESD >ME BV?V?u oE TV>V <VGBDTD
OVUHVUVu _M R><VUV HR6RESD RH BR?MSMTD 6 @;R?V GD><?V?HR VHPD V VH4
P;MRE, HD >RVHVUV TDE RH SRSD TD?V5E, >MRGB?R RH SRSD TD?V5E, 6 HD
SR>HM5VUV >DU?R HV GR>Vu
o>R VHP;MRE >DHV >R? sSVGu _; VU;RHD Q;R >; B?MGR?V R7BR?MRETMV
TDE HV> OR?MSV> SR P;R??V, 6 sSVG HHRP V @;R?R?HDu cDTD SR>B;> SR
HV G;R?<R SRH 9MRLD GMHM<V?, >R VHM>< RE RH RL?TM<D 6 >R TDE9M?<M RE ;E
P?VE >DHSVSDu sOD?V, H <VGUME T;RE<V TDE ;EV HM><V SR H;PV?R> RE HD>
@;R OV R><VSDu
o><VSD> ]EMSD> EVTMGMRE<D, VU;>D>, BVHM5V>, VUVESDED, TOMTV>u
m;V;u
k?VJ HMU?VGD> ;EV S;?V UV<VHHV VHHu
kE<R?R><V<VH #C V >; BV>D BD? iVE>V>u lDHV, >D6 sSVG _TO;4
GVEE!, SMTR VOD?V BD? <RHQDEDu _R VB?D7MGV V ^DBRJV 6 HHVGV BV?V
TDEQM?GV? >; TM<V RE RH lD>BM<VH SR o7TDGUV<MRE<R>u o>T;TOV ;E GD4
GRE<D 6 T;RHPVu
hV TM<V ED R> OV><V GVVEV HR SMTR V _V>JMVu
oHHV HR HVE5V ;EV GM?VSV 6 >R SM>BDER V SRTM? VHPD, BR?D ED HD
OVTR, V> @;R sSVG B?DE;ETMV HV> BVHVU?V> BD? RHHVu
gVHSM<V >RVu
`RTD??RE 9V?MD> JMHGR<?D> RE >MHRETMDu
gMR?SV SMTR sSVGu gMR?SVu
eD R> T;HBV GV ?R>BDESR _V>JMVu s HD GRLD? <RES?V> @;R
VED<V? HV> TD>V> VUVESDEV HV ME<R?R><V<VH RE RH SR>9D @;R TDES;TR
VH OD>BM<VHu ^VH 9R5 TDE>MPVE @;R HD> V<MRESVEu cD? @; ED OV>
HHVGVSD R><V GVVEVN
o><VUV TDE9RETMSD SR @;R R?V OD6 ?RBHMTV sSVGu _R Q?D<V HV
Q?RE<Ru _R SV ;EV BVHGVSV RE HV TVUR5Vu ^VGUD?MHRV TDE HD> SRSD>
>DU?R HV BMR?EVu
s HD HRLD> >R SM9M>V RH OD>BM<VHu _V>JMV Q?REV RE ;EV ME<R?>RTTME
BV?V R>@;M9V? V ;EV G;LR? @;R R>< T?;5VESD HV TVHHR TDE RH >RGQD?D
RE ?DLDu
gVHSM<V MGUTMH R><VHHVu
pMD>, ED B;RSD T?RR?GR @;R HD OV6V R><?DBRVSD <DSD SMTR
sSVGu
YV >R RET;RE<?VE RE RH OD>BM<VHu
n?VE@;RVE ;EV RE<?VSV UD?SRVSV SR >;BR?9M9MRE<R> SR P;R??V>
VE<R?MD?R> @;R 9VE RE >MHHV SR ?;RSV> 6 HHR9VE TVGM>R<V> @;R SMTRE
d?P;HHD>D SR >R? R><VSD;EMSRE>R!u
s@; O;RHR V VETMVED 6 V O;GD B?D<R><V _V>JMVu
qVGMEVE BD? ;E BV>MHHD SR<?> SR SD> ODGU?R> 6 ;EV G;LR? @;R
RLR?TR SR P;Vu
hD> ODGU?R> SR \MR<EVG >DE G;6 R7B?R>M9D>, BR?D HD> E;R9D>,
HD> SR k?VJ 6 sQPVEM><E, 9VE SM?RT<D> V HV 9MDHRETMV 6 RH >;MTMSMD R74
BHMTV HV G;LR?u
sL ?R>BDESR ;ED SR RHHD>u
]ED SR HD> BRD?R> V>BRT<D> SR HV P;R??V SR sSVG, HD @;R VQRT< V
28 pV9MS nMEJRH
<DSD RH G;ESD, R> @;R ED <REVE ;EV HERV SRH Q?RE<R SRQMEMSVu o?V
;EV P;R??V RE *&C P?VSD>, >ME ;E Q?RE<R OVTMV RH @;R V9VE5V?, >ME ;E
RERGMPD ;EMQD?GVSD, >ME BV<?DER> B?RSRTMUHR>, >ME SR>TVE>D, 6 RHHD
TDE<?MU;6 V @;R VHP;ED> >R 9DH9MR?VE HDTD>u _ME RGUV?PD, V@;, RE
R><V E;R9V P;R??V SR sSVG, > R7M><R ;EV HERV SRH Q?RE<Ra R><R OD>BM4
<VHu o><R OD>BM<VH 9MRLD 6 QVH<D SR QMEVETMVTME 6 BR?>DEVH @;R, ED DU>4
<VE<R, T;RE<V TDE ;EV ?RTRBTMDEM><V TDGBV>M9V @;R SMTR @;R 9R? @;
B;RSR OVTR? 6 TDE ;E GSMTD GVH BVPVSD 6 VPDUMVSD @;R VQM?GV @;R,
BD? >;B;R><D, B;RSR TDHV? V sSVGu s> @;R sSVG RE<?V, B?RTRSMSD SR
HD> OM><D?MVHR> SMT<VSD> V HD HV?PD SR R><D> SD> VD>, R7B?R>VSD> TDGD
>DHD B;RSRE OVTR?HD HD> SDT<D?R> 6 HD> U;?T?V<V> SR HV ME<R?B?R<VTMEa
oH lD>BM<VH BV?V o7TDGUV<MRE<R> SR ^DBRJV MEQD?GV SR @;R MUV ;><RS
HMGBMD 6 9R><MSD SR GVER?V VSRT;VSV R MEQD?GVHu _; VT<M9MSVS B>MTD4
GD<?M5 ED SRED<VUV EMEP;EV BV?<MT;HV?MSVSu _; SM>T;?>D R?V THV?D 6 ED?4
GVHu _; VT<M<;S OVTMV RH R7VGMEVSD? Q;R TDHVUD?VSD?V, VGMPVUHR 6 V<RE<Vu
_R GD><? R7B?R>M9Du _; R><VSD SR EMGD R?V SRB?R>M9D R M??M<VUHRu _;
TVBVTMSVS SR V<RETME R><VUV ME<VT<Vu lVTV PVHV SR ;EV BR?QRT<V D?MRE4
<VTME RE HD @;R ?R>BRT<V V BR?>DEV>, H;PV? 6 <MRGBDu _; B?DTR>D SR
BRE>VGMRE<D R?V ED?GVH, BR?D BV?RTV VEP;><MVSD R M??M<VSD TDE HD>
SRG>u eD >;Q?R VH;TMEVTMDER>u oE T;VE<D V >; TVBVTMSVS SR ?VTMDTMEMD,
TDGB?RESR ;><RS HV> TDE>RT;RETMV> SR >; TDES;T<Vu _; ME<RHMPRETMV R?V
ED?GVHu oE HD <DTVE<R V >; TVBVTMSVS SR ?RQHR7ME, RE<MRESR ;><RS @;R
<MRER ;E B?DUHRGVuuu
_V>JMV R>BR?V Q;R?Vu s 9RTR> RE<?V TDE H 6 V 9RTR> EDu _R B?RP;E4
<V >M, V SMQR?RETMV SRH #H<MGD, R><R GSMTD >R? TVBV5 SR OVUHV? ;E ME4
PH> ME<RHMPMUHRu _R B?RP;E<V >M GM?V? V sSVG V HD> DLD> GMRE<?V> HR
BHVE<RV ME<R??DPVE<R> D >M HR SV? HV R>BVHSV GMRE<?V> <RTHRV >;> ?R>4
B;R><V> RE ;E D?SREVSD?u q?RR >VUR? HD @;R SM? RH GSMTDa sSVG R><
OR?MSDu sSVG R>< REQR?GDu sSVG ERTR>M<V >RP;M? <DGVESD >;> GR4
SMTVTMDER>u sSVG >R GR?RTR RH ?RTDEDTMGMRE<D SR ;EV EVTME VP?V4
SRTMSVu _V>JMV R>< >RE<VSV TR?TV SR ;E TV?<RH SR ;E <RHQDED SR RGR?4
PRETMV BV?V >;MTMSV> @;R SMTRa _R ERTR>M<V RH 9VHD? 6 HV Q;R?5V SR ;E
P;R??R?D BV?V BRSM? V6;SV!, BR?D RHHV <REV ;EV G7MGV RE V@;RH GD4
GRE<Da lV><V @; B;E<D B;RSR> TDGBVSRTR?<R SR ;EV BR?>DEV @;R
ED R> TVBV5 SR V6;SV?>R V > GM>GVN!u
Y RE<DETR>, TDGD >M <VH TD>V, T;VESD sSVG >VHR 6 _V>JMV 9R @;R
BV?RTR G;6 SR>D?MRE<VSD, METH;>D V>;><VSD, >; R><VSD SR EMGD TVGUMV
6, ;EV 9R5 G>, TDETRSR R>V BD>MUMHMSVS 6 <DSD RH SDHD? @;R TDEHHR9Vu
pR TVGMED V TV>V, BV>VE L;E<D VH BR@;RD VR?DB;R?<D VH @;R HHRP
sSVG SR>B;> SR HV P;R??Vu
l;UD TR?RGDEMV> T;VESD HD> SRG> 9DH9MR?DE V TV>V, U;HHMTMD>V>
TRHRU?VTMDER> RE ;E PMGEV>MD SR nD?< `MHR6 V<R><VSD SR G;LR?R> T;4
UMR?<V> SR HRE<RL;RHV> 6 EMD> @;R DESRVUVE UVESR?V> 6 BVETV?<V>u
rMRE9REMSD V TV>V, BVBu! rMRE9REMSD> V TV>V, O?DR>u! `RTME HHR4
PVSD> SR HV P;R??V, HD> >DHSVSD> RE<?V?DE RE RH PMGEV>MD SR>QMHVESD RE
QD?GVTME, 6 VH ?DGBR? QMHV> GME;<D> SR>B;> >R V?G ;E P?VE VHUD4
?D<D T;VESD RH D?SRE SRH H;PV? >R SM>DH9M RE P?M<D> 6 VU?V5D>u _;TRSV
>MRGB?R, ;EV 6 D<?V 9R5, T;VESD ?RP?R>VUVE <DSD> HD> >DHSVSD> SR nD?<
`MHR6, 6 RE ;EV SR HV> TR?RGDEMV> <DSD RH G;ESD >VHM SRH PMGEV>MD RE
;E SV BR?QRT<D RE iVE>V>a TMRHD V5;H, ?VE#ET;HD> RE HV OMR?UV R><M9VH,
;EV >;V9R U?M>V 6, SR ?RBRE<R, ;EV ?QVPV MER>BR?VSVu oH 9MRE<D V??VE4
T HV> PD??V> V HD> ODGU?R> 6 HR9VE< HV QVHSV QHD?RVSV SR ;EV SR HV>
L9RER> R>BD>V>, SRLVESD V HV 9M><V RH <VEPV @;R OVUV RHRPMSD BV?V
V@;RH SV 6 HV GV?MBD>V @;R >R OVUV <V<;VSD ?RTMRE<RGRE<R 6, RE H;PV?
SR ?RTDHDTV?>R HV B?RESV, >R RTO V ?R? VH ED<V? @;R >R HR VH5VUV TDGD
;EV TDGR<V BD? RETMGV SR HD> ODGU?D>u oH >DHSVSD @;R HV VTDGBV4
VUV ED BDSV SRLV? SR GM?V? 6 >DE?R?, 6 @;MRER> HD> ?DSRVUVE B?D4
??;GBMR?DE RE TV?TVLVSV>, >VURSD?R> SR HD @;R 9RES?V SR>B;>a RH
>R7D, RH SR>RD, RH VHM9MD BD? OVUR? 9;RH<D V TV>V >VED 6 >VH9D, HV BDR>V
RE HV> HHVE;?V>u cDSV R7M><M? ;E GDGRE<D G> SM><ME<D SRH @;R 9M9M
sSVG V >; HHRPVSVN
eD O;UD TR?RGDEMV>, EM BVETV?<V> EM 9R><MSD> SR HRE<RL;RHV>, <VE
>DHD _V>JMV VBD6VSV RE ;EV 9RE<VEV SR HV <R?GMEVH, DU>R?9ESDHD VH
>VHM? SRH V9MEu rVL HV> R>TVHR?V> TDE HD> SRG> BV>VLR?D> OV><V HHRPV?
V HV BM><V, 6 _V>JMV BRE>a R> ;E R>@;RHR<Du lVUV VU?MPVSD G;TOV>
R>BR?VE5V>u sOD?V TDEDTV HV 9R?SVSu
oE T;VE<D V sSVG, T;VESD ?RTD??V HV BM><V SR>RV?V OVUR? HHR9V4
SD G;HR<V> 6 R><V? T;UMR?<D SR 9RESV>u oH P?VE >DHSVSD ?RP?R>VESD SR
HV P;R??Vu _R >RE<V V9R?PDE5VSDu oE<? RE HV <R?GMEVHu ^REV GMRSD
SR HD @;R B;SMR?V BRE>V? _V>JMV SR Hu oE<DETR> HV 9MD, R>UD5VESD >;
OR?GD>V >DE?M>Vu pR ?RBRE<R, HR RE<?V?DE PVEV> SR TD??R? OVTMV RHHVu
30 pV9MS nMEJRH
o?V ;E GDGRE<D SR UMRE9REMSV, >; DBD?<;EMSVS SR VU>DH;TME, 6 Q;R
RE<DETR> T;VESD ?RBV? RE HV G;LR? @;R >R RETDE<?VUV L;E<D V _V>JMVu
e;ETV HV OVUV 9M><D, BR?D BV?RTV TDEDTR?HR BD?@;R RTO V VESV?
VB?R>;?VSVGRE<R OVTMV H, VH UD?SR SR HV> HP?MGV>u
c;RSR> SRTM?GR @; HR DT;??M V GM GV?MSDN HR SMLDu
c;RSR> TDE<V?GR @; BV>N
s> Q;R >; HHRPVSV V TV>Vu s@;RHHV> Q;R?DE >;> BVHVU?V> SR UMRE9R4
EMSVu
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