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lad Yi i=k
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1- vke vkneh ikVhZ D;ks\a ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lojkt
2 Hkz"Vkpkj ls NqVdkjk fnyk,axs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 LFkkuh; iSQlys viQlj ugha] lh/s turk djsxh-------------------------------------------------------4 fnYyh dks iw.kZ jkT; dk ntkZ fnykus ds fy, la?k"kZ djsaxs -----------------------------------fctyh] ikuh vkSj li+QkbZ
5 fctyh daifu;ksa dh ywV can gksxh] fctyh ds fcy vk/s gksaxs --------------------------------6 lki+Q ikuh gj ?kj rd igqapsxk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------7 lhoj dke djsaxs] lkoZtfud 'kkSpky; cusaxs ---------------------------------------------------------8 dwM+k mBsxk] fnYyh lki+Q&lqFkjh gksxh -----------------------------------------------------------------f'k{kk vkSj LokLF;
9 ljdkjh Ldwyksa esa vPNh ls vPNh f'k{kk vkSj lqfo/k,a feysxh----------------------------10 ljdkjh vLirky c<+saxs] lLrk vkSj csgrj bykt gksxk----------------------------------------lqj{kk
11 efgyk] cqtqxksZa vkSj cPpksa dks fo'ks"k lqj{kk feysxh----------------------------------------------12 U;k;&O;oLFkk lq/jsxh] le; ij vkSj lPpk U;k; feysxh -------------------------------?kj vkSj cLrh
13 xkao eas xzkelHkk dk jkt gksxk] 'kgj tSlh lqfo/k,a feysaxh --------------------------------14 vuf/d`r dkyksfu;ksa dks ,d lky esa vf/d`r fd;k tk,xk ----------------------------15 >qXxh&cfLr;ksa esa lqfo/k,a feysaxh] ogha iquokZl gksxk -------------------------------------vkfFkZd eqn~ns
16 egaxkbZ dh ekj ls jkgr fnyk,axs -------------------------------------------------------------17 fnYyh esa jkst+xkj c<+sxk -------------------------------------------18 O;kikfj;ksa dh leL;kvksa dks lqy>k;k tk,xk --------------------------------------19 vkS|ksfxd {ks=k esa lqfo/k,a csgrj dh tk,axh] m|ksx c<+sxk ---------------------------------------20 dkWUVSDV ukSdjh vkSj yscj Bsdsnkjh dh txg iDdh fu;qfDr;ka gksaxh ----------------2
21 vlaxfBr {ks=k ds etnwjksa dks lkekftd lqj{kk ,oa vU; vf/dkj feysaxs ------------22 jsgM+h&iVjh okyksa dks ykblsal vkSj iDdh txg feysxh ----------------------------------ifjogu
23 lLrk vkSj lqyHk lkoZtfud ifjogu -------------------------------------------------------------------24 csgrj lM+dsa] fjD'kk o lkbZfdy ds fy, txg gksxh ------------------------------------------------25 vkWVks fjD'kk pkydksa vkSj turk& nksuksa ds lkFk U;k; gksxk -------------------------------------i;kZoj.k
26 ;equk esa xanxh vkSj vfre.k jksdsaxs ----------------------------27 tyok;q dk iznw"k.k ?kVk,axs] fjt cpk,axs -----------------------------lkekftd U;k;
28 nfyr vkSj vU; fiNM+s lekt ds laoS/kfud vf/dkjksa dh j{kk gksxh ----------------------29 ckfYedh lekt dks bTtr dh ftanxh vkSj u;s jkst+xkj feysaxs ----------------30 eqfLye lekt dks veu] balkiQ vkSj cjkcjh ds volj fnyk,axs --------------------31 fl[k dRysvke ds f'kdkjksa dks U;k; vkSj iquokZl fnyk,axs --------------------------32 iatkch vkSj mnZw dks lpeqp nwljh Hkk"kk dk ntkZ nsaxs --------------------------------------33 v{ke (fMlscYM) yksxksa dh t:jrksa vkSj vf/dkjksa dh j{kk djsaxs -----------------------34 vU; lHkh oafpr oxksZa ds fgrksa dk fo'ks"k ;ku j[ksaxs ------------vU;
35 [ksy vkSj laLd`fr
vke vkneh ikVhZ ,d vkSj ikVhZ ugha gSA jkeyhyk eSnku vkSj tarj earj ds vHkwriwoZ vkanksyu
ls iSnk gqbZ ;g ikVhZ ns'k dh jktuhfr cnyus dk ,d vkSt+kj gSA vkt yksdra=k esa yksd nck
gqvk gS vkSj ra=k gkoh gSA vkt lkjh O;oLFkk viQljksa] usrkvksa vkSj muds nykyksa ds paxqy esa
gSA ljdkjsa iyVrh gSa] ikfVZ;ka cnyrh gSa] u, psgjs vk tkrs gSa] ysfdu ;g O;oLFkk tl dh
rl cuh jgrh gSA ,d vke vkneh bl O;oLFkk dk T;ksa dk R;ksa f'kdkj cuk jgrk gSA vke
vkneh ikVhZ dk ekuuk gS fd O;oLFkk ds jgrs yksxksa ds thou esa [kq'kgkyh ugha vk ldrhA
ge bl O;oLFkk dks cnyuk pkgrs gSa] turk vkSj ljdkj dk fj'rk cnyuk pkgrs gaSA ge
[kks[kys nkos vkSj >wBs okns ugha djuk pkgrsA
vjfoan dstjhoky ds usr`Ro esa vke vkneh ikVhZ bZekunkjh dh jktuhfr djus vkbZ gSA bl ikVhZ
ds ikl fnYyh dks ns[kus le>us dk u;k ut+fj;k gS] lgh uhfr;ka gSa] lki+Q uh;r gS
vkSj ,d csnkx usr`Ro gSA iSQlyk vkidk gSA
vke vkneh ikVhZ fnYyh dks vke vkneh ds nq[k&lq[k ds utfj;s ls ns[krh gSA gekjs liuksa dh
fnYyh esa gj fnYyhoklh dks jkstxkj gksxk] bTtr ls thus yk;d vkenuh gksxh] jgus dks ?kj
gksxk] mfpr nke ij fctyh gksxh] t:jr ds fy, i;kZIr ikuh gksxk] f'k{kk vkSj LokLF; dh
U;wure lqfo/k,a gksaxhA fdlh Hkh fdLe dh fgalk ;k nq?kZVuk ls lqj{kk feysxhA dgrs gSa fnYyh
fnyokyksa dh gSA ge ns'k vkSj nqfu;k ds fy, bl [kqysiu dks cuk, j[kdj ,d lqjf{kr]
[kq'kgky vkSj ftankfny 'kgj cukuk pkgrs gSaA
Lojkt dh uhfr
fnYyh esa bl lius dks lkdkj djuk fliZQ fdlh ljdkj] ikVhZ ;k eq[;ea=kh dk dke ugha gSA
yksdra=k dk eryc gS LojktA ,slk jkt tgka yksx vius lius lkdkj dj ldsaA ckdh lc
ikfVZ;ka turk ls dgrh gSa fd lkk eq>s nks] mlds cnys esa ge rqEgkjk Hkyk djsaxsA vke
vkneh ikVhZ pquko blfy, yM+ jgh gS rkfd lkk okil turk ds gkFkksa esa lkSaih tk
ldsA fnYyh ds pquko esa vke vkneh ikVhZ Lojkt ds fy, tukns'k ekax jgh gSA blds fy,
fnYyh dks iw.kZ jkT; dk ntkZ fnykuk gksxk rkfd fnYyh dh turk }kjk pquh ljdkj dks iwjh
rkdr gksA lkFk gh lkFk ge ,slh O;oLFkk ykxw djsaxs ftlesa fu.kZ; turk [kqn ys] usrk vkSj
viQlj ughaA Lojkt ;kfu lh/s turk dk jkt & ljdkj ikjn'khZ rjhds ls dke djs] turk
loky dj lds] turk tokc ekax lds] lc iSQlys turk ds lkeus gksa] turk dh jk; ls gksa
vkSj turk mUgsa iyV ldsA
Lojkt dh uhfr ij vey djokuk vkSj fnYyh ds jkt&dkt dh iwjh O;oLFkk cnyuk vke
vkneh ikVhZ dk ladYi gSA bl ladYi ds lkFk vke vkneh ikVhZ dh ljdkj LFkkuh; eqn~nksa ij
fu.kZ; ysus dh rkdr eksgYyk lHkk dks lkSai nsxhA ljdkjh ctV dk ,d fgLlk lh/s bu
lHkkvksa dks fn;k tk,xk rkfd yksx [kqn r; dj ldsa fd mUgsa vius bykds esa D;k dke
5
djokuk gSA tgka LFkkuh; eqn~nksa ij fu.kZ; eksgYyk lHkk,a ysaxh] ogha vU; cM+s eqn~nksa ij jkT;
ljdkj dks fu.kZ; ysus gksaxsA jkT; ljdkj tks fu.kZ; ysxh mUgsa Hkh ikjn'khZ cuk;k tk,xk vkSj
tgka rd gks ldsxk] turk dh jk; yh tk,xhA
vke vkneh ikVhZ lkk Hkksxus ugha cfYd jktuhfr ds rkSj&rjhds cnyus vkbZ gSA vkt ,d NksVk
lk fo/k;d thrus ds ckn ohvkbZih cu tkrk gS & cM+s&cM+s caxyksa esa jgrk gS] ykyckh dh
xkfM+;ksa esa ?kwerk gS] ckWMhxkMZ ysdj pyrk gSA vxj fdlh ea=kh ;k eq[;ea=kh dks fdlh lM+d
ls xqtjuk gks rks og lM+d vke turk ds fy, can dj nh tkrh gSA
vke vkneh ikVhZ usrkvksa dh oh-vkbZ-ih- laLd`fr dks [kRe djus ds fy, izfrc gSA vke
vkneh ikVhZ ds lHkh 70 mEehnokjksa us 'kiFk i=k fn;k gS fd thrus ds ckn dksbZ Hkh fo/k;d]
pkgs oks ea=kh gks ;k eq[;ea=kh] fuEufyf[kr lqfo/k,a ugha ysxk &
dksbZ Hkh fo/k;d ykyckh dh xkM+h ugha ysxkA
dksbZ Hkh fo/k;d cM+k ljdkjh caxyk ugha ysxkA t:jr iM+s rks oks ,d NksVk ljdkjh
edku ysxkA
dksbZ Hkh fo/k;d vius fy, vuko';d flD;ksfjVh ugha ysxkA
gekjs ikl ns'k dh lHkh leL;kvksa dk lek/ku ugha gSA ge ;g ugha dgrs fd ge lkk esa
vk,axs rks tknw dh NM+h ?kqek,axs vkSj lc Bhd gks tk,xkA ge ;g Hkh ugha dgrs fd lkjh
le> gekjs gh ikl gSA ysfdu gesa fo'okl gS fd ;fn ns'k ds lHkh yksx feydj viuk fnekx
yxk,a rks viuh lHkh leL;kvksa dk lek/ku fudky ldrs gSaA vxj fnYyh ds lHkh yksx
feydj iz;kl djsa rks bl izns'k dks [kq'kgky cuk ldrs gSaA fnYyh dh ljdkj fnYyh ds lHkh
yksx feydj pyk,a& ;g gekjk iz;kl gksxkA gekjs ut+fj;s vkSj uhfr;ksa esa dfe;ka gks ldrh gSaA
gesa vHkh cgqr dqN lh[kuk gSA ysfdu gekjh uh;r esa [kksV ugha gSaA ge vke vkneh gSa] vke
vkneh jgsaxsA bZekunkjh ds jkLrs ij pys gSa] bZeku dk lkSnk ugha djsaxsA
vjfoan dstjhoky [kqn bl bZekunkjh dh jktuhfr dh thrh tkxrh felky gSaA Hkz"Vkpkj ds fy,
cnuke bUde VSDl fMikVZesaV dh viQljh dks NksM+dj ns'k ds fy, la?k"kZ dh jkg pquus okys
vjfoan dstjhoky dk thou ml R;kx vkSj lkgl dk izrhd gS tks yk[kksa ;qokvksa dks vke
vkneh ikVhZ dh vksj [khap yk;k gSA lwpuk ds vf/dkj vkanksyu dks fnYyh ds vke vkneh
rd igqapkus ds fy, vkidks lu~ 2006 esa ,f'k;k ds ukscsy iq#Ldkj ekus tkus okys jseu eSXlsls
iq#Ldkj ls uokt+k x;kA pkgs fnYyh esa ikuh futhdj.k ds f[kykiQ la?k"kZ gks] pkgs tuyksdiky
fd ekax ij ns'k esa vHkwriwoZ vkanksyu gks ;k fiQj jkWcVZ okMk] fufru xMdjh vkSj vackuh lewg
dk HkaMkiQksM+ gks& vjfoan dstjhoky dh bZekunkjh] fgEer vkSj le>nkjh dk vkt iwjk ns'k
dk;y gSA ogha vjfoan dstjhoky vkt jktuhfr dh li+QkbZ dk chM+k mBkdj fnYyh ds j.k{ks=k
esa mrjs gSaA vkt fnYyh dh turk mUgsa vius Hkkoh eq[;ea=kh ds :i eas ns[krh gSA
vjfoan dstjhoky ds usr`Ro esa vke vkneh ikVhZ ,d ?kks"k.kk i=k ugha] ;g ladYi i=k ysdj
vk;h gSA ge ladYi ysrs gSa fd tukns'k ds vuqlkj dke djds fn[kk,axsA tukns'k] ;kfu vkidk
vkns'kA
Lojkt
2- Hkz"Vkpkj ls NqVdkjk fnyk,axs
vke vkneh dks Hkz"Vkpkj ls NqVdkjk fnykuk vke vkneh ikVhZ dh izkFkfedrk gSA fnYyh ls
Hkz"Vkpkj nwj djus ds fy, vke vkneh ikVhZ dh ljdkj tukns'k gkfly djrs gh vusd dne
mBk,xhA buesa ls igys pkj dne fuEufyf[kr gksaxs%
2-1 fnYyh tuyksdiky fcy%
vkt fnYYkh es dgus dks rks yksdk;qDr gS ysfdu og fdlh dke dk ugha gSA mlds ikl u rks
Lora=k tkap djokus dh rkdr gS u gh nks"kh ij eqdnek pykdj mls lt+k fnyokus dh rkdrA
vke vkneh ikVhZ dh ljdkj 29 fnlacj dks jkeyhyk eSnku esa fnYyh fo/kulHkk dk fo'ks"k
l=k cqyk,xh vkSj fnYyh tuyksdiky fcy ikfjr djsxhA bl dkuwu ds rgr%
i.
eq[;ea=kh] ea=kh] fo/k;d vkSj mQij ls uhps rd lHkh ljdkjh vkSj lkoZtfud deZpkjh
tkap ds blds nk;js esa vk,axsA bu lcdks gj lky viuh vk; ,oa laifk dh
lkoZtfud ?kks"k.kk djuh iM+sxhA vxj ;g lwpuk >wBh ;k v/wjh ikbZ tkrh gS rks v?kksf"kr
laifk t+Cr dh tk ldsxhA
ii.
Hkz"Vkpkj ds nksf"k;ksa dks tsy gksxh] mudh laifk t+Cr gksxh vkSj mUgsa ukSdjh ls c[kkZLr
fd;k tk,xkA
iii.
le;c tkap gksxh vkSj lt+k feysxhA eaf=k;ksa] fo/k;dksa vkSj lfpoksa ds f[kyki+Q vkjksi
gksus ij N% eghus ls ,d o"kZ ds Hkhrj tkap vkSj eqdnek iwjk gksdj nksf"k;ksa dks lt+k
feyus dh O;oLFkk cusxhA vU; ekeyksa esa nks o"kksZa esa lt+k fnyk, tkus dh O;oLFkk
gksxhA
iv.
yksdiky dks viuh igy Ikj tkap djus dk vkSj Hkz"Vkpkfj;ksa Ikj eqdnek pykus dk
vf/dkj gksxkA yksdiky dks vius dke esa iz'kklfud] fokh; ,oa dkedkt dh Lok;kk
gksxhA
v.
ljdkjh foHkkxksa esa gj dke dh le; lhek r; dh tk,xhA bls ykxw djokus ds fy,
gj n+rj esa f'kdk;r vkSj vihy djus dh O;oLFkk gksxhA le; lhek ds Hkhrj dke
8
djus ds fy, deZpkfj;ksa dks lHkh lqfo/k,a eqgS;k djkbZ tk,xhA vxj mrus fnu esa dke
ugha gksrk rks lacaf/r vf/dkjh ij tqekZuk yxk;k tk,xkA
vi.
Hkz"Vkpkj dk HkaMkiQksM+ djus okys O;fDr dh lqj{kk dk iwjk bartke fd;k tk,xk vkSj
mUgsa bZuke fn;k tk,xkA
vii.
bZekunkj vf/dkfj;ksa dks izksRlkgu feysxkA v'kksd [ksedk] nqxkZ 'kfDr vkSj viuk
cfynku ns pqds lR;sanz nqcs] eatwukFk vkSj ujsanz dqekj tSls bZekunkj vf/dkfj;ksas vkSj
deZpkfj;ksa dks izksRlkgu fn;k tk,xkA ,sls vf/dkfj;ksa dh tku&eku dh lqj{kk ds fy,
bartke fd, tk,axsA ,sls vf/dkfj;ksa dks iz'kklfud IkzrkM+ukvksa ls cpk;k tk,xkA
2-2 Lojkt
ljdkj cuus ds rhu eghus ds vanj ^Lojkt dkuwu* ikl fd;k tk,xkA bl dkuwu ds ek;e
ls vius eksgYys ds ckjs esa fu.kZ; ysus dh rkdr lh/s turk dks nh tk,xhA blls LFkkuh; Lrj
ij fd, tkus okys dk;ksZa esa Hkz"Vkpkj ij jksd yxsxhA bldk vkxs foLrkj ls ft gSA
2-3 ljdkjh dkedkt dk ljyhdj.k
vkt dbZ ,sls ljdkjh dkuwu vkSj uhfr;ka gSa tks Hkz"Vkpkj dks c<+kok nsrs gSa vkSj ftudk dksbZ
vkSfpR; ugha gSA bu lHkh uhfr;ksa dks cnyk tk,xk vkSj cM+s iSekus ij ljdkjh dkedkt dk
ljyhdj.k fd;k tk,xkA
2-4 VsDuksykWth dk mi;ksx
ljdkjh dkedkt esa ikjnf'kZrk ykus ds fy, vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj ds volj de djus ds fy, lwpuk
rduhd vkSj vU; VsDuksykWth dk mi;ksx fd;k tk,xkA
3-3 ml eksgYys dh lki+Q&li+QkbZ] ikdksaZ ds j[k&j[kko vkSj LVhV ykbVksa ds j[k&j[kko ds ckjs
esa fu.kZ; ysus dk vf/dkj lh/s eksgYyk lHkk dks gksxkA blds fy, eksgYyk lHkk dksbZ Hkh
fu.kZ; ys ldsxhA
3-4 vxj ml eksgYys dk jk'ku okyk jk'ku dh pksjh djrk gS rks eksgYyk lHkk izLrko Ikkfjr
djds mldh nqdku dSaly dj ldsxh vkSj u;k jk'ku okyk fu/kZfjr dj ldsxhA
3-5 vius iQaM ls bykds ds fodkl ds fy, eksgYyk lHkk fdlh Hkh rjg dh ;kstuk cukus ds
fy, Lora=k gksxhA
3-6 ml eksgYys esa jgus okys lHkh yksxksa dks gj rjg dk izek.k i=k eksgYyk lHkk lfpoky;
}kjk fn;k tk,xk tSls& tUe izek.ki=k] e`R;q izek.kIk=k] vk; Ikzek.ki=k] tkfr izek.ki=k] oksVj
dkMZ bR;kfnA vc blds fy, yksxksa dks ,l-Mh-,e- n+rj esa fj'or nsus dh t:jr ugha
gksxhA
3-7 'kjkc dk Bsdk @ nqdku can djus vFkok [kksyus dk iSQlyk eksgYyk lHkk vkSj ogka ds
LFkkuh; yksx ysaxsA Bsdk [kksyrs le; eksgYys dh efgykvksa vkSj vkl&ikl dh eksgYyk
lHkk ls vukifk t:j ysuh gksxhA
3-8 LFkkuh; ljdkjh Ldwy vkSj vLirky ij Hkh eksgYyk lHkkvksa ds ek;e ls LFkkuh; yksx
fuxjkuh j[ksaxsA
3-9 ml eksgYys esa fo/ok&isa'ku] o`koLFkk isa'ku ;k vU; ljdkjh ;kstukvksa dk iQk;nk
fdldks feys & ;g lwph iwjh eksgYyk lHkk esa cSBdj vke lgefr ls cukbZ tk,xhA
dqN o"kksZa esa tc eksgYyk lHkk,a lqpk: :i ls dke djuk 'kq: dj nsaxh] rks gekjk liuk gS
fd dqN fo"k;ksa ij eksgYyk lHkkvksa dks dkuwu cukus dh izf;k esa Hkh 'kkfey fd;k tk,xkA
,sls dqN fo"k;ksa dh fyLV cukbZ tk,xhA mu fo"k;ksa ij fo/kulHkk esa ;fn dkuwu izLrqr fd,
tkrs gSa rks ml dkuwu dh izfr lHkh eksgYyk lHkkvksa dks Hkst dj mudh jk; yh tk,xhA mlh
rjg dqN eksgYyk lHkk,a feydj fnYyh ljdkj dks fdlh fo"k; ij dkuwu cukus ij Hkh lq>ko
ns ldrh gSaA
lqy>kus dk iwjk vf/dkj fnYyh dh pquh gqbZ ljdkj ds ikl gks vkSj fnYyh dks Hkkjrh; la?k
ds vU; jkT;ksa ds leku ntkZ feysA
vkt fnYyh esa dksbZ ugha tkurk fd vke vkneh dh leL;k dk iDdk lek/ku dkSu dj
ldrk gSA fnYyh ljdkj] ,e-lh-Mh- vkSj dsanz ljdkj fnu jkr [kks&[kks [ksyrs jgrs gSaA vke
vkneh b/j ls m/j Hkkxrk jgrk gS vkSj gkjdj fdlh gkyr esa thuk lh[k ysrk gSA lcls
Ikgys fnYyh esa nksgjs&frgjs 'kklu dh O;oLFkk dks [kRe djuk gksxkA fnYyh esa tukns'k feyus
ds ckn vke vkneh IkkVhZ dh ljdkj vius vf/dkj {ks=k esa ljdkjh foHkkxksa vkSj n+rjksa ds
tatky dks lqy>k;sxhA fnYyh dks iw.kZ jkT; dk ntkZ fnykus dk la?k"kZ djsxh] rkfd
4-1 Mh-Mh-,- iwjh rjg ls fnYyh ljdkj ds fu;a=k.k esa gks fd fnYyh dh t+ehu dk mi;ksx]
u;h cfLr;ksa dk fuekZ.k] dkyksfu;ksa dks vf/d`r ntkZ nsus tSlk dke turk ds pqus gq,
izfrfuf/ djsa] uk fd dsanz ljdkj ds vi+QljA
4-2 iqfyl vkSj dkuwu O;oLFkk dk fu;a=k.k Hkh fnYyh ljdkj ds gkFk esa gksuk pkfg,A vU;
fdlh jkT; dh rjg Ikqfyl ds vi+Qljksa dh fu;qfDr vkSj rcknyk vkSj Ikqfyl dks vkns'k
nsus dk vf/dkj fnYyh ljdkj ds ikl gksuk pkfg,A jk"Vh; fgr esa fnYyh dSaV vkSj ,uMh-,e-lh- tSlh bykdksa esa dkuwu O;oLFkk dh dqN ftEesnkjh dsanz ljdkj ds fy, NksM+h
tk ldrh gSA
4-3 ,e-lh-Mh- iwjh rjg ls dsanz ljdkj ds fu;a=k.k ls eqDr gksA
12
2012 esa fctyh daifu;ksa us 630 djksM+ #Ik;s dk ?kkVk fn[kk;k Fkk] ysfdu tc DERC
us buds [kkrksa dh pSfdax dh rks irk pyk fd bUgsa ?kkVk ugha cfYd 3577 djksM+ #i;s
dk equki+Qk gqvk FkkA
2008 esa fctyh daifu;ksa us fnYyh ,;jiksVZ vkSj fnYyh tycksMZ esa t+hjks fctyh dh
[kir fn[kkbZ FkhA blls tkfgj gS fd fctyh daifu;ka xyr rjhdksa ls viuh vkenuh
de fn[kkus dh dksf'k'k djrh gSA IkdM+s tkus ij fctyh daifu;ksa us viuh xyrh ekuh
FkhA
fiNys lky buds vdkmaV dh pSfdax djus ij irk pyk fd fnYyh ds dbZ
miHkksDrkvksa dk t+hjksa fctyh dk fcy fn[kk;k gqvk Fkk tcfd mu miHkksDrkvksa us vius
fcyksa dh isesaV dh FkhA idM+s tkus ds ckotwn DERC us bl ekeys esa mfpr dkjZokbZ
ugha dh FkhA
2010 esa ,d fctyh daiuh us viuh xzqi daiuh ls 800 djksM+ #Ik;s dk lkeku 1200
djksM+ #i;s esa [kjhnk FkkA blls tkfgj gS fd ;s daifu;ka xyr rjhds ls vius [kpsZa
c<+kdj fn[kk jgh gSa vkSj iQt+hZ ?kkVk fn[kkdj fctyh ds nke c<+kus dks dgrh gSaA
fiNys rhu o"kksZa esa fctyh daifu;ka egaxh fctyh [kjhn dj viuh xzqi daifu;ksa dks
lLrs esa csp nsrh gSaA bl rjg ls bUgksaus gt+kjksa djksM+ #i;s dk IkQt+hZ ?kkVk fn[kk;k gSA
13
bu daifu;ksa }kjk yxk, x, u, fctyh ds ehVj rst+ py jgs gSa& ,slh lcdh vk'kadk
gS vkSj blds dqN lcwr Hkh lkeus vk;s gSaA
fnYyh esa cgqr yksxksa ds fctyh fcy xyr vk jgs gSaA fcuk jhfMax ds vuki&'kuki fcy
cukdj Hkst fn, tkrs gSa vkSj tc yksx fcy Bhd djokus tkrs gSa rks mUgsa dgk tkrk gS
fd igys Ikwjk fcy tek djks] fiQj fcy Bhd gksxkA vc vxj yk[kksa #Ik;s dk iQt+hZ
fcy vk x;k rks miHkksDrk cspkjk dSls mls Hkjsxk\
iwjh fnYyh dh turk dh ekax gS fd bu fctyh daifu;ksa dk vkWfMV djk;k tk, vkSj tc rd
vkWfMV ugha gks tkrk rc rd fnYyh esa fctyh ds nke ugha c<+us pkfg,A
vke vkneh ikVhZ turk dh bl ekax ls lger gSA ljdkj cuus ds pkj eghus ds vanj fnYyh
okyksa ds fcy vk/s fd, tk,axsA blds fy, fuEufyf[kr dne mBk, tk,axs %&
5-1 ljdkj cuus ds ckn tYn ls tYn fctyh daifu;ksa ds vkWfMV ds vkns'k fn, tk,axsA tks
daifu;ka vkWfMV djokus ls euk djsxh] muds ykblsal jn~n dj fn, tk,axs vkSj fnYyh esa
nwljh fctyh forj.k daiuh dks yk;k tk,xkA ;g vkWfMV rhu eghus esa iwjk djk fy;k
tk,xkA
5-2 fctyh ds fcy Bhd fd, tk,axsA yksxksa dks xyr fcy Hkjus ds fy, ugha dgk tk,xkA
iwjh fnYyh esa fcy Bhd djus ds fy, ljdkj cuus ds ,d eghus ds vanj Lis'ky
vfHk;ku pyk;k tk,xkA xyr fcy Hkstus Ikj daiuh ds f[kykiQ naM dk izko/ku fd;k
tk,xkA
5-3 fctyh ds ehVjksa dh fdlh fu"i{k ,tsalh }kjk tkap djkbZ tk,xhA ;fn vf/drj ehVj rst+
pyrs gq, Ikk, tkrs gSa rks bu daifu;ksa ls ml lkjs iSls dh olwyh dh tk,xh tks bUgksaus
fnYyh dh turk ls rst+ ehVj ds pyrs olwy fd, gSaA
mQij fy[ks rhuksa dne ykxw gksus ds ckn fnYyh okyksa ds fctyh ds fcy vk/s ;k mlls Hkh
de gks tk,axsA blds vykok fctyh dh O;oLFkk csgrj cukus ds fy, vke vkneh ikVhZ dh
ljdkj fuEufyf[kr dne mBk,xh%
5-4 vkt ;s daifu;ka tc pkgs fdlh ds ?kj tkdj jsM ekjus ds uke ls iSlk olwyh djrh gSA
;s ^jsM jkt* can fd;k tk,xkA
14
5-5 vke vkneh ikVhZ us bl o"kZ 23 ekpZ ls lfou; voKk vkanksyu dk vkg~oku fd;k Fkk
vkSj yksxksa ls vius fctyh fcy u nsus dks dgk FkkA ,sls dbZ yksxksa ij Hkh fctyh
daifu;ksa us dsl dj fn, gSaA jsM jkt ds pyrs Hkh dbZ yksxksa ij iQt+hZ eqdnesa py jgs
gSaA blhfy, fnYyh esa ?kjsyw dusD'kuksa ds f[kykiQ fctyh daifu;ksa us ftrus dsl vkt
rd cuk, gq, gSa oks lkjs dsl okil fy, tk,axsA
5-6 fnYyh tSls 'kgj esa lkSj mQtkZ ds bLrseky dks c<+kus dh cgqr xqatkb'k gS ysfdu vHkh
fnYyh dh ,d izfr'kr fctyh Hkh lkSj mQtkZ ls ugha vkrhA fiNys dqN lkyksa esa lkSj
fctyh dh rduhd esa kafrdkjh cnyko gqvk gS] ftlls mldk [kpkZ cgqr fxj x;k gSA
blfy, gekjh ljdkj vc fodYi ds :i esa lkSj mQtkZ dks tedj c<+kok nsxh rkfd
vxys nl lky esa lkSj mQtkZ fnYyh dh 20 izfr'kr t:jr dks iwjk dj ldsA gekjh
ljdkj lkSj mQtkZ dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, t:jh fu;e&dkuwu cuk,xhA gj ?kj esa vkSj
eksgYys esa lkSj mQtkZ dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, ljdkj lg;ksx nsxhA yksx u dsoy lkSj
mQtkZ dks vius ?kjksa esa bLrseky dj ldsaxs cfYd vf/d lkSj mQtkZ mRiknu gksus ij mls
fxzM esa fctyh daiuh dks csp Hkh ldsaxsA
5-7 fnYyh esa fctyh daifu;ksa ds chp esa dEihVh'ku fd;k tk,xkA yksxksa dks ;g lqfo/k nh
tk,xh fd oks ftl daiuh ls pkgsa fctyh [kjhn ldrs gSaA blls fctyh daifu;ksa dks
vius nke de djus IkM+saxs vkSj viuh lsok,a csgrj djuh iM+saxhA ;g djus ds fy,
fctyh daifu;ksa ds lkFk gq, ,xzhesaV dks cnyk tk,xkA
5-8 fctyh daifu;ksa ds cgh[kkrksa dh Ikkjnf'kZrk c<+kbZ tk,xhA fctyh daifu;ksa }kjk fctyh dh
[kjhn vkSj iqu% fch dks ikjn'khZ cuk;k tk,xkA mUgsa vkjVhvkbZ ds nk;js esa ykus ds fy,
mfpr dne mBk, tk,axsA
gekjs ?kjksa rd ugha Ikgqaprk D;ksafd Ikkuh ds izca/u esa xM+cM+ gSA gj ?kj esa lki+Q vkSj i;kZIr
ikuh igaqpkus ds fy, gekjh ljdkj ;qLrj ij fuEufyf[kr dke djsxh%
6-1 vke vkneh ikVhZ dh lcls igyh izkFkfedrk gksxh fd fnYyh ds gj ?kj ds uy esa lki+Q
ikuh vk,A blds fy, ikbi fcNkuss ds dke dks ,dne 'kq: fd;k tk,xkA
6-2 fnYyh esa dkaxzsl&Hkktik ds usrkvksa dh N=kNk;k esa ,d cgqr cM+k VSadj ekfiQ;k dke dj
jgk gSA bu VSadj ekfi+Q;kvksa dks buds ekbZ&cki usrkvksa ds lkFk tsy Hkstk tk,xkA ftu
bykdksa esa ikuh dh deh gksxh] ogka ij leqfpr ek=kk esa fnYyh ty cksMZ ds VSadjksa lsikuh
miyC/ djk;k tk,xk vkSj yksxksa dks izkbosV VSadjksa ds paxqy ls cpk;k tk,xkA
6-3 fnYyh ty cksMZ vkt Hkz"Vkpkj dk vM~Mk cu x;k gSA bldk iquxZBu fd;k tk,xkA
6-4 fnYyh esa ikuh ds izca/u dks ikjn'khZ cuk;k tk,xk%
i.
fnYyh dk viuk ikuh dk mRiknu cgqr de gSA fnYyh esa ckgj ls ikuh vkrk gSA ogka
ij cYd okVj ehVj yxk,a tk,axs] rkfd irk py lds fd fdl fnu fnYyh esa fdruk
ikuh vk;kA bl MsVk dks jkst osclkbV ij Mkyk tk,xkA
ii.
fnYyh esa vkus okyk dPpk ikuh fiQj ^okVj VhVesaV* IykaV esa liQkbZ gksus tkrk gSA vkt
bldk dksbZ MsVk ugha gS fd fdl IykaV esa fdruk dPpk ikuh x;k vkSj ogka ls fdruk
ikuh lki+Q gksdj vk;kA ogka ij Hkh cYd okVj ehVj yxk,a tk,axs vkSj bl MsVk dks Hkh
osclkbV ij Mkyk tk,xkA
iii.
fnYyh esa 21 okVj t+ksu gSaA buesa Hkh cYd okVj ehVj yxok,a tk,axs rkfd irk py lds
fd fdl t+ksu esa] fdl fnu] fdruk ikuh Hkstk x;kA ;g MsVk Hkh osclkbV ij Mkyk
tk,xkA turk dks irk pysxk fd muds bykds esa fdl fnu fdruk ikuh Hkstk x;k vkSj
turk iz'u dj ldsxhA
6-5 lksfu;k fogkj okVj VhVesaV IykaV dk ikuh fnYyh ds dbZ bykdksa esa fn;k tkuk FkkA ysfdu
VSadj ekfi+Q;kvksa ds ncko esa ,slk ugha fd;k x;k rkfd bu bykdksa esa VSadjksa dk /a/k
pyrk jgsA laxe fogkj] nsoyh] vacsMdj uxj] egjkSyh] olar fogkj] olar dqat tSls
bykdksa esa rqjar lksfu;k fogkj dk ikuh lIykbZ fd;k tk,xkA
6-6 fnYyh ljdkj us equd ugj dks iDdk djus ds fy, 1500 djksM+ :i;s [kpZ fd,A ;gka
ls 70 MGD ikuh vkuk FkkA bl ikuh dh vks[kyk IykaV] cokuk IykaV vkSj }kjdk IykaV
esa li+QkbZ gksuh FkhA rhuksa IykaV cudj rS;kj gks pqds gSaA equd ugj iDdh gks pqdh gSA
16
ysfdu dsUnz vkSj gfj;k.kk esa dkaxzsl ljdkj gksus ds ckotwn fnYyh ljdkj bl ikuh dks
bLrseky djus esa udkjk lkfcr gqbZ gSA equd ugj dks rqjar pkyw djok dj }kjdk] cokuk]
vks[kyk vkSj if'pe fnYyh ds ikuh dh deh okys bykds esa ikuh eqgS;k djk;k tk,xkA
6-7 vkt fnYyh ty cksMZ fu;fer vkSj oS/ dkyksfu;ksa ds ?kjksa esa gh ikuh lIykbZ djrk gSA
vfu;fer vkSj voS/ dkyksfu;ksa esa gj ?kj esa ikuh lIykbZ ugha fd;k tkrkA tc voS/
vkSj vfu;fer dkyksuh okyksa dks ty cksMZ ikuh lIykbZ ugha djrk rks ogka jgus okys
yksx VSadj ekfi+Q;kvksa ij fuHkZj gks tkrs gSaSA fnYyh ty cksMZ dh vc ftEesnkjh gksxh fd
oks fnYyh esa jgus okys gj ?kj rd ikuh igqapk,A
6-8 fnYyh esa xans ikuh ;k lhoj ls nwf"kr ikuh dh lIykbZ dh f'kdk;rsa yxHkx gj bykds ls
vkrh gSaA fnYyh ds gj fMfLVDV esa ikuh dh pSfdax ds fy, ,d yscksVh [kksyh tk,xhA
6-9 fnYyh esa ikuh ds forj.k esa LFkkuh; Lrj ij eksgYyk lHkkvksa dks tksM+k tk,xkA
6-10 vke vkneh ikVhZ fnYyh ty cksMZ ds futhdj.k ds f[kyki+Q gSA vke vkneh ikVhZ dk
ekuuk gS fd yksxksa ds ?kjksa rd ikuh igqapkuk ljdkj dk dke gS vkSj blls ljdkj eqag
ugha eksM+ ldrhA
6-11 uoacj rd ds ?kjsyw dSVsxjh ds lHkh yksxksa ds uktk;t+ cdk;k fcyksa dks eki+Q fd;k
tk,xkA ;g dke ljdkj cuus ds 100 fnu ds vanj iwjk fy;k tk,xkA
6-12 ljdkj dh ft+Eesnkjh gksxh fd og 700 yhVj izfrfnu rd Ikkuh bLrseky djus okys
^tyfe=k* Ikfjokjksa dks ikuh eq+r miyC/ djk,xhA tks ifjokj blls T+;knk ikuh bLrseky
djsxk] mlls iwjs ikuh dk fcy fy;k tk,xkA ,d gt+kj yhVj izfrfnu ls T+;knk ikuh
bLrseky djus okyksa ij egaxh njsa ykxw dh tk,axhA blls ikuh dh vf/d [kir ij jksd
yxsxhA u, jsV ykxw djus dk dke ljdkj cuus ds 100 fnuksa ds vanj iwjk dj fy;k
tk,xkA
6-13 fnYyh ljdkj us gky gh esa ,d dkuwu ikfjr fd;k gS] ftlds rgr gj o"kZ fnYyh esa
ikuh ds nke vkWVkseSfVd c<+ tk,axsA bl dkuwu dks igys 100 fnu esa jn~n fd;k tk,xkA
nh?kZdky esa fnYyh esa vius ikuh ds lzksr ds vHkko vkSj c<+rh vkcknh ds pyrs ikuh dh
cpr] nqckjk bLrseky (jhlkbZfdy) vkSj o"kkZ ty lap;u (jsu okVj gkosZfLVax) dks xaHkhjrk ls
c<+kok fn;k tk,xkA
17
6-14 jlksbZ ,oa Luku?kj ds ikuh dks nqckjk bLrseky djus dks IkzksRlkgu vkSj fj;k;r nh tk,xhA
6-15 fnYyh esa [kwc ckfj'k gksrh gS] ysfdu lkjk ckfj'k dk ikuh csdkj pyk tkrk gSA tSls gh
fnYyh esa ckfj'k gksrh gS] fnYyh esa ck<+ vk tkrh gS pwafd fnYyh dk Msust tke iM+k gSA
bls Bhd djds ckfj'k ds Ikkuh dks ^okVj gkosZfLVax* }kjk cpk;k tk,xkA blds fy,
eksgYyk lHkk dks xzkaV nh tk,xhA
6-16 'kgj ds iqjkus rkykc] tkSgM+ ,oa ckofM+;ksa dks IkquthZfor fd;k tk,xkA ,sls lzksrksa ds
j[k&j[kko dh ftEesnkjh LFkkuh; eksgYyk lHkkvksa dks nh tk,xhA
dks fodsfUnzd`r djsxh rkfd mldk [kpZ de gks vkSj bl vk/kj Ikj ftu ?kjksa vkSj bykdksa
esa lhoj ugha gSa] ogka lhoj Mkys tk,axs] pkgs oks vfu;fer] vuf/d`r ;k fdlh Hkh rjg
dh dkyksuh gksA
7-3 fnYyh 'kgj esa fdruk lhost gksrk gS] bldk dksbZ Hkh vkadM+k fnYyh ty cksMZ ds ikl
ugha gSA tc Mh-ts-ch dks irk gh ugha gS fd fdruk lhost gS rks iwjs lhost dh liQkbZ
dk loky gh iSnk ugha gksrkA 'kgj esa fLFkr lhost VhVeasV IykaVksa dh deh gS vkSj cgqr
lhost fcuk lki+Q gq, ;equk unh esa cg tkrk gSA bl dqizca/u dks lqy>kus ds fy, vke
8-4 ,e-lh-Mh- ds lkFk feydj fofHkUu izdkj ds dwM+s dks (vFkkZr~ tSfod] IykfLVd bR;kfn)
dks ?kj ds Lrj ij vyx djuk vfuok;Z fd;k tk,xkA
20
vke vkneh ikVhZ dh ljdkj f'k{kk dks lcls T+;knk izkFkfedrk nsxhA blds fy, pkgsa fdruk
iSlk [kpZ djuk iM+s] ge vius cPpksa dks& pkgsa oks xjhc gks ;k vehj& csgrj ls csgrj f'k{kk
nsuk pkgrs gSaA vxj gekjs cPps Ik<+&fy[k x,] rks ;s cM+s gksdj ns'k dks cqyanh ij igqapk,axs
vkSj [kqn vPNs balku cusaxsA vke vkneh IkkVhZ blds fy, fuEufyf[kr dne mBk,xh %&
9-1 ljdkjh Ldwyksa esa f'k{kk dk Lrj vPNs izkbosV Ldwyksa tSlk fd;k tk,xk pkgs blds fy,
ftruk IkSlk [kpZ djuk iM+sA fnYyh esa de ls de 500 u;s ljdkjh Ldwy [kksys tk,axsA
bl rjg gj ,d ;k nks eksgYyk lHkkvksa ds Lrj ij ,d izkbejh Ldwy gksxk vkSj gj nks
;k rhu eksgYyk lHkk ds Lrj ij ,d lsds.Mjh Ldwy gksxkA
9-2 lHkh ljdkjh Ldwyksa esa cPpksa vkSj v;kidksa ds fy, lHkh lqfo/k,a nh tk,axhA tSls i;kZIr
dejs] pkjfnokjh] ihus dk ikuh] yM+dks vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds fy, vyx&vyx 'kkSpky;
vkSj [ksydwn dh lqfo/k,a bR;kfnA
9-3 N% lky ls de mez ds cPpksa ds fy, vkaxuokfM+;kas dh la[;k c<+kbZ tk,axhA
9-4 fnYyh ds lHkh Ldwyksa esa f'k{kdksa ds fjDr inksa dks Hkjk tk,xkA
9-5 ljdkjh Ldwyksa vkSj vkaxuokfM+;ksa dh fuxjkuh dk dke eksgYyk lHkk }kjk xfBr
vfHkHkkodksa dh lfefr dks fn;k tk,xkA
21
9-6 izkbosV Ldwyksa vkSj dkWystksa esa equkiQk[kksjh dks jksdk tk,xkA izkbosV Ldwyksa vkSj dkWystksa dh
iQhl fu;af=kr djus ds fy, vkSj nkf[kys ds oDr Mksus'ku dk flLVe can djus ds fy,
dkuwu yk;k tk,xkA izkbosV Ldwyksa esa xjhc (EWS) cPpksa ds nkf[kys dh O;oLFkk dks
ikjn'khZ cuk;k tk,xk vkSj l[+rh ls ykxw djk;k tk,xkA
9-7 vkt gekjh f'k{kk iz.kkyh dsoy jVus ij t+ksj nsrh gSA f'k{kk iz.kkyh dks ,slk cuk;k tk,xk
fd cPps cM+s gksdj le>nkj cus] vPNs balku cus] ns'k vkSj lekt ds izfr vius nkf;oksa
dks le>sa vkSj vPNh vkthfodk dekus yk;d cusaA
9-8 fnYyh esa] [kkldj fnYyhokyksa ds cPpksa ds fy,] dbZ u, dkWystksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k
tk,xkA vkt dkWystksa esa nkf[kys ds fy, bruk T+;knk dV&vkWiQ gksrk gSa fd cgqr dkfcy
fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks Hkh nkf[kyk ugha fey ikrkA ;g blfy, gksrk gS D;ksafd fnYyh esa dkWystksa
dh deh gSA blhfy, dbZ u;s dkWyst [kksys tk,axsA fnYyh iz'kklu ds dkWystksa dk izca/u
Bhd fd;k tk,xkA
9-9 fnYyh ljdkj ds rgr vkus okys fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa dsUnzh; fo'ofo|ky;ksa tSlh lqfo/k,a
nh tk,axhA bu lHkh fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds dkuwuksa esa ,d:irk vkSj yksdrkaf=kd izfrfuf/Ro
dh O;oLFkk gksxhA bUnzizLFk fo'ofo|ky; esa ,sfiQfy,'ku esa Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj ,sfiQfy,VsM
dkWystksa esa Nk=kksa dk 'kks"k.k can fd;k tk,xkA vEcsMdj fo'ofo|ky; dk foLrkj fd;k
tk,xkA
9-10 ftl lekt esa f'k{kdksa dk lEeku ugha gksrk og lekt dHkh vkxs ugha c<+ ldrkA vkt
fnYyh esa ljdkjh ,oa izkbosV Ldwyksa esa v;kidksa dks dkWUVSDV ij vLFkkbZ :i ls j[kk
tkrk gS vkSj mudk rjg&rjg ls 'kks"k.k fd;k tkrk gSA ;g O;LFkk can dh tk,xh vkSj
bu lHkh inksa dks fu;fer fd;k tk,xkA IkzkbosV Ldwyksa vkSj dkWystksa esa v;kidksa dh
fu;qfDr vkSj osru dks fu;fer fd;k tk,xkA f'k{kdksa dks mfpr lEeku fn;k tk,xkA
9-11 fnYyh ;wfuoflZVh esa tcjnLrh Fkksis x, 4&o"khZ; flLVe dks [kRe djkus ds fy, fnYyh
ljdkj iz;kl djsxhA
9-12 fdlh Hkh Ldwy esa 'kkjhfjd vkSj ekufld :i ls v{ke cPpksa dks nkf[kysa ds fy, euk
ugha fd;k tk,xkA bUgsa Ldwy esa fo'ks"k lqfo/k,a nh tk,axhA
dgus dks fnYyh esa ns'k ds cM+s&cM+s vLirky gSaA ysfdu ;s vLirky] MkWDVj vkSj bykt vke
vkneh dh igaqp ls ckgj gSaA ljdkjh vLirky dk cqjk gky gS vkSj izkbosV vLirky esa lc
dqN yqV tkrk gSA vxj ?kj esa fdlh dh dksbZ xaHkhj chekjh gks tk,] rks ?kj dh lkjh tekiwath
[kRe gks tkrh gS vkSj yksu ysuk iM+rk gSA LokLF; lqfo/k,a csgrj djus ds fy, vke vkneh
10-9 fnYyh esa vk/h chekfj;ka lki+Q ikuh vkSj gok u gksus ls gSaA budh jksdFkke vkSj xanxh]
dwM+s&dpjs dh li+QkbZ Ikj fo'ks"k ;ku fn;k tk,xkA
10-10eksgYyk lHkkvksa ds cuus ds ckn izkbejh vLirkyksa vkSj fMLisUljh ds izca/u dh
ftEesnkjh eksgYyk lHkkvksa dks lkSaih tk,xhA cM+s vLirky lh/s fnYyh ljdkj dh
ns[k&js[k esa jgsaxsA
10-11Msaxw dh jksdFkke ds fy, Lis'ky VkLd iQkslZ cuk dj ;qLrj Ikj vfHk;ku NsM+k tk,xk
rkfd fnYyhoklh bl leL;k ls funku Ikk;saA
24
lqj{kk
11- efgykvksa] cPpksa ,oa cqtqxksZa dks fo'ks"k lqj{kk feysxh
fnYyh esa efgykvksa] cPpksa vkSj cqtqxksZa dh vlqj{kk ljdkj dh foi+Qyrk dk ,d cM+k lcwr gSA
vk, fnu cqtqxksZa dh gR;k vkSj MdSrh dh [kcj vkrh gSA fnYyh esa dbZ ekeyksa esa rks iqfyl
okys [kqn vijk/ esa 'kkfey jgs gSaA cykRdkj vkSj vigj.k dh nj ckdh lc egkuxjksa ls dbZ
xquk T+;knk gSA vke vkneh IkkVhZ dh ljdkj efgykvksa] cPpksa ,oa cqtqxksaZ dks lqj{kk iznku djus
ds fy, dqN rkRdkfyd vkSj dqN nwjxkeh dne mBk,xhA pwafd iqfyl fnYyh ljdkj ds
vk/hu ugha gS] blfy, gekjh ljdkj tukns'k dk bLrseky dj dsUnz ljdkj ls fuEufyf[kr
dke djok,xhA
11-1 vkt vxj fdlh ds lkFk fnYyh esa dqN vugksuh ?kVuk ?kVrh gS rks fnYyh iqfyl ml
ij ,iQ-vkbZ-vkj- djus esa vkuk&dkuh djrh gSA ,iQ-vkbZ-vkj- dj Hkh ys rks iqfyl ml
ij dkjZokbZ ugha djrhA gekjh ljdkj ;g lqfuf'pr djk,xh fd ,sls lHkh ekeyksa es
iqfyl ,iQ-vkbZ-vkj- ntZ djs vkSj nksf"k;ksa dks tYn ls tYn lt+k fnyk,A
11-2 gj iqfyl Fkkus esa lhlhVhoh dSejs ,iQvkbZvkj okys dejs esa yxs rkfd ;g irk yxs fd
iqfyl fdu ekeyksa esa ,iQvkbZvkj ntZ djus ls euk djrh gSA
11-3 efgykvksa ds f[kykiQ vijk/ ds ekeys esa oekZ desVh dh vge fliQkfj'kksa dks ykxw
fd;k tk,A
ysfdu fnYyh ds ukxfjdkas dks lqj{kk nsus ds fy, dbZ ,sls dne gSa tks fnYyh ljdkj vius
vki mBk ldrh gSA gekjh ljdkj lkk esa vkrs gh dbZ ,sls dne mBk,xh %
11-4 Lis'ky lqj{kk nyksa dk xBu fd;k tk,xkA efgykvksa] cqtqxksZa vkSj cPpksa dks lqj{kk
iznku djus ds fy, fnYyh esa ,d Lis'ky lqj{kk ny cuk;k tk,xkA bl ny dh gj
E;qfufliy okMZ esa ,d 'kk[kk gksxhA efgykvksa vkSj cqtqxksZa ds lkFk&lkFk Lis'ky lqj{kk ny
fnYyh esa ,sls gj ukxfjd dh enn djsxk tks vius vkidks eqlhcr esa ikrk gS vFkok
ftls rqjar lgk;rk dh t:jr gksA Lis'ky lqj{kk ny dks fjVk;MZ iQkSft;ksa dh fuxjkuh esa
pyk;k tk,xkA Lis'ky lqj{kk nyksa ds xBu dk dk;Z ljdkj cuus ds 100 fnu esa 'kq: gks
tk,xk] ij blds iwjk gksus esa ,d o"kZ yx ldrk gSA
25
11-5 cykRdkfj;ksa dks tYn vkSj l[+r lt+k fnykus dh O;oLFkk dh tk,xhA cykRdkj ds
ekeys fuiVkus esa vkt 20 lky rd yx tkrs gSa] rc rd cykRdkjh [kqysvke ?kwers jgrs
gSaA fnYyh esa u, iQkLV VSd dksVZ [kksys tk,axs vkSj ttksa dh fu;qfDr dh tk,xh rkfd
cykRdkfj;ksa dks lky Hkj esa l[+r ls l[+r lt+k fnyokbZ tk ldsA u, dksVZ vkSj ttksa dh
fu;qfDr ij dk;Z] ljdkj cuus ds 100 fnuksa ds Hkhrj 'kq: gks ldrk gS ij bls iwjk gksus
esa ,d ls nks o"kZ yx ldrk gSA
11-6 lM+d] IkkdZ] cl LVSaM vkSj vU; lkoZtfud LFkkuksa Ikj jkr dks csgrj jks'kuh dh O;oLFkk
dh tk,xhA
11-7 fnYyh esa ofdZax foesUt+ (dkedkth efgykvksa) gkWLVy dh la[;k c<+kbZ tk,xhA budh
ns[k&js[k ,oa lqj{kk dh O;oLFkk dks lq/kjk tk,xkA cs?kj efgykvksa ds fy, jSu clsjksa dh
la[;k c<+kbZ tk,xh ,oa mudh O;oLFkk lqpk# vkSj lqjf{kr dh tk,xhA
11-8 fnYyh ds cPps vlqjf{kr gSaA fiNys ,d lky esa fnYyh esa 3500 ls T+;knk cPpksa dk
vigj.k gks pqdk gSA fuBkjh dkaM us fn[kk;k Fkk fd eklwe cPpksa dk fdl rjg ls
vigj.k djds dy fd;k tk jgk FkkA vukFkky; vkSj tqosukby gkse esa jgus okys cPpksa
dk gj rjg dk 'kks"k.k gksrk gSA cPpksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, dkuwu rks vPNs cus gSa (tSls &
tqosukby tfLVl ,DV] POCSO ,DV) ysfdu bUgsa l[+rh ls ykxw djus dh t:jr gSA
vukFkky; dh ns[k&js[k LFkkuh; lekt dks nh tk,xhA
11-9 ns'k vkSj lekt ds fy, 'kgknr nsus okys iqfyl vkSj lqj{kkdfeZ;ksa dk lEeku gksxkA vxj
fnYyh dk fuoklh iqfyl] lsuk ;k lqj{kkdehZ ns'k dh lhekvksa ;k vkradokn ls j{kk djrs
le; izk.kksa dk cfynku djrk gS rks mlds ifjokj dks fnYyh ljdkj ,d djksM+ #i;s dh
lEeku jkf'k nsxhA
12- U;k; O;oLFkk lq/jsxh] le; ij vkSj lPpk U;k; feysxk
gekjs ns'k dh U;k; O;oLFkk cqjh rjg ls pjejk xbZ gSA ,d dsl iwjk gksus esa ianzg&chl lky
yx tkrs gSaA cykRdkj vkSj gR;k tSls t?kU; vijk/ djus okys yksxksa dks Hkh dbZ&dbZ o"kksZa rd
lt+k ugha gksrhA blds fy, dkiQh gn rd gekjs dkuwu ftEesnkj gSaA fnYyh ljdkj bu dkuwuksa
dks cny ugha ldrhA ysfdu bu dkuwuksa ds rgr Hkh vke vkneh ikVhZ dh ljdkj fnYyh dh
U;k; O;oLFkk lq/kjus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr dne mBk ldrh gS%
26
12-1 fnYyh esa ubZ vnkyrsa [kksyh tk,axh vkSj u, ttksa dh fu;qfDr dh tk,xhA t:jr iM+h rks
vnkyr dks nks f'kV esa pyk;k tk,xkA bruh vnkyras gksuh pkfg, rkfd fdlh Hkh dsl
dks fuiVkus esa N% eghus ls T+;knk dk le; u yxsA
12-2 vkt fdlh Hkh dsl esa dbZ&dbZ eghuksa dh rkjh[ksa iM+rh gSaA gj dsl dbZ lky pyrk gSA
vk/s ls T+;knk dslksa esa ljdkj [kqn ,d ikVhZ gSA ljdkjh odhy rkjh[ksa ysuk can djsaxs
vkSj ljdkj NksVs&eksVs eqdnes okfil ysxhA
12-3 vHkh rd fupyh vnkyrksa esa ftrus dsl yafcr iM+s gSa mUgsa vf/d ls vf/d ,d lky
esa fuiVkus ds fy, Lis'ky vnkyrsa cukbZ tk,axhA
12-4 gj dksVZ dh dkjZokbZ dh ohfM;ks fjdkWfMZax djkbZ tk,xh ftldh izfr dksbZ Hkh vke
ukxfjd ys ldsxkA
27
13-5 dbZ xkaoksa esa Hkwfeghu fdlkuksa dks iV~Vs Ikj t+ehu nh xbZa FkhaA vk/s fdlkuksa ds iV~Vs iDds
dj fn, x,A ckdh fdlkuksa ds iV~Vs iDds djus dh dksf'k'k dh tk,xhA
13-6 vkt fnYyh ds xkaoksa esa clksa dh lsok cgqr de gSaA tks clsa gSa oks [kVkjk gSA fnYyh ds
xkaoksa dks leqfpr cl lsok ls tksM+k tk,xkA
13-7 fnYyh ds xkaoksa esa Ldwyksa dh Hkkjh deh gSA ;k rks ljdkjh Ldwy gSa ugha] gSa rks f'k{kk dk
Lrj cgqr gh [kjkc gSA vke vkneh ikVhZ f'k{kk dks lcls vf/d ego nsrh gSA gj
xkao esa mfpr la[;k esa ljdkjh Ldwy [kksys tk,axs vkSj ljdkjh Ldwyksa esa f'k{kk dk Lrj
vPNs izkbosV Ldwyksa tSlk cuk;k tk,xkA xkao esa dkWyst rks fxurh ds gh gSaA xkao&nsgkr
ds bykds esa u, dkWyst Hkh [kksys tk,axsA
13-8 fnYyh ds xkaoksa esa ljdkjh fMLisalfj;ksa vkSj vLirkyksa dh Hkkjh deh gSA vkSj tks gSa Hkh
mudh gkyr [kLrk gSA xkao esa ubZ fMLisaljh vkSj vLirky [kksys tk,axs vkSj muesa csgrj
bykt dk izca/ fd;k tk,xkA
13-9 fnYyh ljdkj fdlkuksa dks dksbZ lqfo/k ugha nsrhA [kkn vkSj cht ij lfClMh vkSj
izkd`frd vkink esa lgk;rk tSlh tks lqfo/k,a fdlkuksa dks nwljs jkT;ksa esa feyrh gSa] oks
lHkh lqfo/k,a vke vkneh ikVhZ fnYyh ds fdlkuksa dks Hkh eqgS;k djk,xhA
13-10 Ik'kqvksa ds fy, osVfjujh vLirky cuk, tk,axsA
13-11 fnYyh ds xkao&nsgkr us dbZ varjkZ"Vh; Lrj ds f[kykM+h rS;kj fd, gSaA xkao esa [ksy&dwn
dh lHkh lqfo/k,a nh tk,axh vkSj u, LVsfM;e cuk, tk,axsA
29
fnYyh ds yxHkx ,d frgkbZ yksx vuf/d`r dkyksfu;ksa esa jgrs gSaA dkaxzsl ikVhZ gj pquko ds
Ikgys vuf/d`r dkyksfu;ksa ds yksxksa dks >kalk nsdj mudk oksV ysus dh dksf'k'k djrh gSA
ljdkj us 24 ekpZ 2008 dks ,d uksfVfiQds'ku tkjh fd;k Fkk] ftlds rgr bu dkyksfu;ksa dks
vf/d`r djus dh ckr dgh xbZ FkhA uoacj 2008 esa pquko thrus ds ckn dkaxzsl bu yksxksa ls
fd, okns dks Hkwy xbZA Ikkap lky rd dkaxzsl us buds ckjs esa dqN ugha fd;kA Hkkjrh; turk
ikVhZ Hkh chp&chp esa fojks/ dh jLe iwjh djrh jghA vc pquko ds igys fiQj ls vuf/d`r
dkyksfu;ksa dh bu ikfVZ;ksa dks ;kn vkbZ gSA vke vkneh ikVhZ vuf/d`r dkyksfu;ksa ds ckjs esa
fuEufyf[kr dne mBk,xh %
14-1 ljdkj esa vkus ds ,d lky ds vanj bu dkyksfu;ksa dks vf/d`r fd;k tk,xk vkSj buesa
jgus okyksa dks ekfydkuk gd fn;k tk,xkA blds fy, 24 ekpZ 2008 ds uksfVfiQds'ku esa
r; fd, jsV ds vk/kj ij iSls fy, tk,axsA
14-2 vf/drj vuf/d`r dkyksfu;ka iqfyl] usrkvksa vkSj viQljksa dh lkBxakB ls clkbZ tkrh
gSA ogka ij ?kj [kjhnus okyksa ds lkFk Hkkjh /ks[kk/M+h gksrh gSA Hkfo"; esa tks usrk]
iqfylokys vkSj viQlj ,slh dkyksfu;ka clk,axs] muds f[kykiQ l[+r dkjZokbZ dh tk,xhA
14-3 vuf/d`r dkyksfu;ksa dh vf/d`frdj.k izf;k ,oa mlds ckn fodkl dh ;kstuk cukus
esa] vkSj ml ;kstuk ds f;kUo;u esa eksgYyk lHkk eq[; Hkwfedk fuHkk,axhA
14-4 nh?kZdky esa fnYyh esa ,slh ;kstuk,a cukbZ tk,axh rkfd cM+s iSekus Ikj lLrs vkSj oS/
edku miyC/ gksaA
15- >qXxh&cfLr;ksa esa lqfo/k,a feysaxh] ogha IkquokZl gksxk
fnYyh esa dkaxzsl us >qXxhokyksa dks oksV cSad dh rjg bLrseky fd;kA pquko ls igys >wBs oknksa
vkSj iSls ds lgkjs oksV [kjhn fy, vkSj fiQj mudh >qfXx;ka rqM+okdj mu IykWVksa Ikj dCtk dj
fy;kA dkuwu >qXxhokfl;ksa dks vijk/h ekurk gS vkSj ckdh lekt muls ui+Qjr djrk gSA
gdhdr ;g gS fd fdlh dks >qXxh esa jgus dk dksbZ 'kkSd ugha gSA ;g etcwjh gS D;ksafd
pkSchl ?kaVs esgur djus ds ckn Hkh dsoy bruk dek ikrs gSa fd viuk vkSj cPpksa dk isV Hkj
ldsaA fdjk, ij <ax dk edku ysus ds fy, iSls ugha cprsA bu >qXxh okyksa ds fcuk fnYyh
,d fnu Hkh ugha py ldrhA >qXxh esa jgus okys yksx jkst fnYyh dh liQkbZ djrs gSa] dpjk
mBkrs gSa] nw/ ckaVrs gSa] vkWVks pykrs gSa] fjD'kk pykrs gSa] vehjksa dh xkM+h pykrs gSa] pkSdhnkjh
30
dk dke djrs gSa] ?kj&?kj lCth igqapkrs gSa] ?kjsyw dke djrs gSaA vxj ,d fnu Hkh ;s >qXxh
okys dke djuk can dj nsa rks fnYyh can gks tk,xhA
ysfdu fdlh Hkh ikVhZ us >qXxh okyksa dh leL;kvksa Ikj ;ku ugha fn;kA lcus >qfXx;ka rqM+ok;ha
vkSj ml oDr IykWV vkSj ySV ds >wBs ok;ns fd,A >qXxh okyksa dks u IykWV feyk vkSj u gh
mudh >qXxh cphA dkaxzsl us >qXxh okyksa dks ySV nsus dh ;kstuk cukbZ& ^jktho jru ;kstuk*
blesa Hkh yksxksa ls IkSls tek djk fy, x,] ysfdu vktrd fdlh dks ySV ugha feykA
vke vkneh ikVhZ dh ljdkj >qXxh okyksa dks U;k; fnyk;sxhA >qfXx;ksa ds iquokZl gsrq
fuEufyf[kr dne mBk, tk,axs %&
15-1 >qfXx;ksa esa jgus okyksa dk losZ djk;k tk,xkA mudh fyLV rS;kj dh tk,xhA T+;knk ls
T+;knk dksf'k'k ;g dh tk,xh fd vkt >qfXx;ka tgka fLFkr gSa] ogha ij IykWV ;k ySV
cukdj clk;k tk,xk vkSj lkiQ&lqFkjk thou fn;k tk,xkA
15-2 ;fn mlh t+ehu ij clkuk laHko ugha gqvk rks mlds utnhd ls utnhd LFkku ysdj ogka
ij clk;k tk,xkA iquokZl izf;k dh ;kstuk vkSj mlds f;kUo;u dh fuxjkuh eksgYyk
lHkk djsxhA
15-3 bruh cM+h la[;k esa lLrs edku cuk, tk,axs fd Hkfo"; esa >qfXx;ksa dh t:jr gh u
cpsA
tc rd iquokZl ugha gks tkrk rc rd >qfXx;ksa dks fdlh Hkh gkyr esa rksM+k ugha
tk,xkA rc rd >qfXx;ksa esa fuEufyf[kr dne mBk, tk,axs %&
15-4 >qfXx;ksa esa lM+dsa vkSj xfy;ka VwVh iM+h gSa] mUgsa Bhd vkSj iDdk fd;k tk,xkA
15-5 dbZ >qfXx;ksa esa 'kkSp dh dksbZ O;oLFkk ugha gS] blls efgykvksa dks [kklh ijs'kkuh gksrh gSA
fnYyh dh lHkh >qfXx;ksa esa leqfpr 'kkSp dh O;oLFkk dh tk,xhA lkeqnkf;d 'kkSpky;ksa
dh ns[k&js[k dh ft+Eesnkjh vkSj lkiQ&liQkbZ dh fuxjkuh eksgYyk lHkk dks nh tk,xhA
15-6 ikuh] lki+Q&liQkbZ vkSj ukfy;ksa dh liQkbZ dh O;oLFkk dh tk,xhA
31
vkfFkZd eqn~ns
16-1 egaxkbZ dh ekj ls jkgr fnyk;saxs
vke vkneh ds fy, vkt egaxkbZ vkSj jkstxkj lcls cM+h leL;k gSA vkadM+ksa esa fnYyh jkT;
vkSj fnYyhokfl;ksa dh vk; c<+h gS] ij gdhdr esa lHkh ewyHkwr vko';drk,a tSls fd fctyh]
ikuh] lCth] vukt] isVksy&Mhty] f'k{kk ,oa LokLF; O;; ds nke c<+us ls gj ifjokj dh
okLrfod gkyr igys ls dgha [kjkc gSA vkt gj pht+ ds nke c<+s gq, gSaA pkgs oks I;kt+]
VekVj gks ;k fctyh&ikuh ;k cPpksa ds Ldwy dh iQhlA vke vkneh ds fy, egaxkbZ mldh
t:jr dh pht+ksa ds nkeksa ls tqM+h gqbZ gSA egaxkbZ dk iwjk lek/ku dsUnz ljdkj dh uhfr;kas dks
cnys fcuk ugha gks ldrkA ysfdu jkT; ljdkj Hkh bl fLFkfr dks lq/kjus ds fy, dbZ dne
mBk ldrh gSaA vke vkneh ikVhZ dh ljdkj fuEufyf[kr dne mBk,xh%
16-1 fctyh ds fcy vk/s gksaxs] 700 yhVj ikuh izfrfnu izfr ifjokj eqr igqapk,axs & blls
gj ifjokj dks cgqr cM+h jkgr igqapsxhA
16-2 Fkksd rFkk [kqnjs O;kikj esa tek[kksjksa vkSj equkiQk[kksjksa ij dM+h utj gksxhA idM+s tkus ij
l[+r lt+k gksxhA dkykckt+kjh fcuk jktuSfrd laj{k.k ds laHko ugha gSaA vke vkneh ikVhZ
dkaxzsl dh eq[;ea=kh dh rjg tek[kksjksa vkSj dkykckt+kfj;ksa ls gkFk tksM+dj izkFkZuk ugha
djsxhA ljdkj ds ikl dkuwu vkSj iz'kklu dh rkdr gksrh gSA vke vkneh ikVhZ ml
rkdr dk bLrseky djsxhA dkykckt+kfj;ksa dks tsy Hkstk tk,xk vkSj muds xksnkeksa esa jsM
ekj dj lkeku ckgj fudkyk tk,xk rkfd vukt] iQy] lCth bR;kfn ds nke de gksaxsA
16-3 f'k{kk ij gksus okyk O;; gj ifjokj ds O;; dk ,d cM+k fgLlk gSA izkbosV Ldwyksa dh
euekuh iQhl ij fu;a=k.k ds dkuwu cusaxs vkSj Mksus'ku ysuk can djok,axsA ljdkjh Ldwyksa
dk Lrj csgrj djsaxs rkfd vke vkneh Hkjksls ds lkFk vius cPps dks ljdkjh Ldwy esa
Hkst ldsaA blls f'k{kk ij [kpZ de gksxkA
16-4 ljdkjh vLirkyksa dh la[;k c<+kbZ tk,axh vkSj lsokvksa esa dkiQh lq/kj gksxk] rkfd vke
vkneh vklkuh ls bu lqfo/kvksa dk iz;ksx dj ik,A blls MkWDVj vkSj vLirky dk [kpkZ
de gksxkA
32
16-5 egaxkbZ dk ,d egoiw.kZ dkj.k Hkz"Vkpkj gSA ljdkj cuus ds 15 fnuksa esa fnYyh jkT; esa
yksdiky dkuwu ykdj gekjh ljdkj Hkz"Vkpkj ij dM+h ,oa izHkkoh jksd yxk,xhA
tSls&tSls fnYyh esa Hkz"Vkpkj de gksxk] egaxkbZ Hkh de gksus yxsxhA
16-6 dkys/u dh vFkZO;oLFkk Hkh egaxkbZ dk cM+k dkj.k gSA dkys/u dh xaxks=kh pquko izpkj
ds [kpZ ls 'kq: gksrh gSA pquko lkiQ iSls ls yM+k tk ldrk gS] gekjh ikVhZ us bldh
,d felky izLrqr dh gSA dkys/u dks jksdus ls yksxksa dks egaxkbZ dh ekj ls cM+h jkgr
feysxhA
16-7 jk'ku dh nqdku vke vkneh ds fy, egaxkbZ ls cpus dk rjhdk gSA ysfdu fnYyh dh
jk'ku O;oLFkk Hkz"Vkpkj esa Mwch gSA vke vkneh ikVhZ dh ljdkj eksgYyk lHkk ds lg;ksx
ls jk'ku esa Hkz"Vkpkj [kRe djsxhA dS'k VkaliQj dh txg lh/s jk'ku igqapkus dh O;oLFkk
djsxh vkSj jk'ku esa nky vkSj rsy Hkh tksM+k tk,xkA
17-4 viuk jkstxkj 'kq: djus ds fy, ;qokvksa dks lLrh njksa ij yksu eqgS;k djk;k tk,xkA
vkt yksx ysus esa <sjksa dfBukb;ka vkrh gSaA bl izf;k dks ljy vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj eqDr cuk;k
tk,xkA
17-5 dkWUVSDV izFkk ij jksd yxkdj iekZusaV fu;qfDr;ksa ls iDdh ukSdfj;ksa esa c<+ksrjh gksxhA
17-6 O;kikj ds fy, vuqdwy uhfr;ksa ls O;kikj c<+sxk & blls Hkh jkstxkj c<+sxkA
17-7 jsgM+h&iVjh O;oLFkk fu;kssftr vkSj lqjf{kr dh tk,xhA blls dbZ gtkj NksVs O;kikj ds
volj [kqysaxsA
uhfr;ksa dks gksy lsy ds fy, vuqdwy fd;k tk,xk] ftlls fd fnYyh fiQj ls gksy lsy
O;kikj dk izeq[k dsUnz cusA blls jkstxkj ds u, volj Hkh iSnk gksaxsA
18-3 vke vkneh ikVhZ fdjkuk O;kikj esa FDI dk fojks/ djrh gSA fdjkuk esa FDI vkus ls ns'k
ds djksM+ksa NksVs O;kikjh csjkstxkj gks tk,axs blfy, vke vkneh ikVhZ fnYyh esa fdjkuk
O;kikj esa FDI dks vkus dh vuqefr ugha nsxhA
20- dkWUVSDV ukSdjh vkSj yscj Bsdsnkjh dh txg iDdh fu;qfDr;ka gksaxh
fiNys nl ls iUnzg o"kksZa esa fnYyh esa Bsdsnkjh Ikj deZpkfj;ksa dks j[kus dh izFkk cgqr rst+h ls
c<+h gSA vkt vLirkyksa esa MkWDVj vkSj ulsZ] Ldwyksa vkSj dkystksa esa v;kid vkSj vU;
deZpkjh] ,e-lh-Mh- vkSj ,u-Mh-,e-lh- esa liQkbZ deZpkjh] MhVhlh esa Mkboj vkSj daMDVj
bR;kfn & budks lcdks Bsdsnkjh ukSdjh ij j[kk tk jgk gSA budk dbZ rjg ls 'kks"k.k gksrk gSA
dbZ ,sls Vhpj] liQkbZ deZpkjh crkrs gSa fd muls ftruh ixkj ij nLr[+r djkok,a tkrs gSa]
mlls dgha de muds gkFk esa fn, tkrs gSaA dbZ etnwjksa dk ih,iQ vkSj bZ,lvkbZ dk iSlk dkVk
rks tkrk gS] ysfdu mls tek ugha djk;k tkrkA dbZ deZpkfj;ksa ls 365 fnu dke fy;k tkrk gS
vkSj mUgsa dksbZ NqV~Vh ugha nh tkrhA
vke vkneh ikVhZ bl 'kks"k.k ds f[+kyki+Q gSA bls [kRe djus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr dne mBk,
tk,axs &
35
20-1 tks ,sls dke gSa ftudh t+:jr 365 fnu gksrh gSa& tSls v;kid] MkWDVj] ulZ] li+QkbZ
deZpkjh] Mkboj bR;kfn & ,sls LFkk;h fdLe ds dkeksa ls Bsdsnkjh izFkk [kre dh tk,xh
vkSj bu lc yksxksa dks iekZusaV fd;k tk,xkA
20-2 tks VsEijsjh fdLe ds dke gSa] ftudh t+:jr dqN fnuksa ;k dqN eghuksa ds fy, gksrh gSa]
tSls fcfYMax cukus okys et+nwj bR;kfn & ,sls dkeksa esa Bsdsnkjh izFkk can ugha dh tk
ldrhA ysfdu ;g lqfuf'pr fd;k tk,xk fd ,sls dkexkjksa dk 'kks"k.k u gksA
20-3 fnYyh esa U;wure osru dkuwu l[+rh ls ykxw ugha gksrsA U;wure osru dkuwu dk mYya?ku
djus okyksa ds f[+kyki+Q l[+r lt+k dk izko/ku fd;k tk,xk vkSj ,slk djus okyksa ij
l[+r dk;Zokgh dh tk,xhA
20-4 fnYyh dk iwjk yscj fMikVZesaV Hkz"Vkpkj ds pyrs yscj dkuwuksa dk mYya?ku djus okyksa ds
gkFkksa dh dBiqryh cu pqdk gSA yscj foHkkx esa] vkSj bu dkuwuksa esa ewypwy ifjorZu
fd, tk,axsA
20-5 dkaVsDV yscj ,DV 1970 esa dqN et+nwj fojks/h izko/ku gSaA buesa tks izko/ku fnYyh
ljdkj cny ldrh gS] oks cnys tk;saxsA vU; et+nwj fojks/h izko/kuksa dks cnyus ds
fy, dsanz ljdkj ij ncko cuk;k tk,xkA
21- vlaxfBr {ks=k ds etnwjksa dks lkekftd lqj{kk ,oa vU; vf/dkj feysaxs
fnYyh esa lHkh dke djus okyksa esa ls 86 izfr'kr dkexkj vlaxfBr {ks=k ds dkexkj gSaA buesa
ls dqN oxZ] tSls fd] fuekZ.k etnwj (daLVD'ku odZj)] ?kjsyw dkeokyh ckbZ (esM) ,oa ukSdj]
pkSdhnkj] dpjk chuus okys] NksVh nqdkuksa&gksVyksa ij dke djus okys] jsgM+h&iVjh okys bR;kfn
dh gkyr cgqr [kjkc gSA bruk mi;ksxh dke djus ds ckotwn bUgsa u rks eku feyrk gS] u gh
mfpr osru vkSj mQij ls gj rjg dh izrkM+uk lguh iM+rh gSaA budh rU[okg] buds dke djus
ds le;] buds dke djus ds LFkku ij lqfo/kvksa ij dksbZ fu;e dkuwu ykxw ugha gSA budh
fLFkfr esa lq/kjus ds fy, vke vkneh ikVhZ dh ljdkj ,sls lHkh dkjxkjksa dk losZ djk,xh
rkfd mudh fxurh vkSj igpku gks lds rFkk mudh vyx&vyx leL;k,a le> vk,aA
?kjsyw dkeokyh vkSj ,sls vU; dkexkjksa dh rU[okg] dke ds ?kaVs] lkIrkfgd vkSj okf"kZd NqV~Vh
ds fu;e cuk, tk,axsA dpjk chuus okys etnwjksa dks ,e-lh-Mh- ds lkFk feydj dke djus dh
O;oLFkk dh tk,xhA fcfYMax dULVD'ku odZj osyisQ;j cksMZ dks fuekZ.k etnwjksa ds fy,
36
lkekftd lqj{kk (isa'ku] fpfdRlk] nq?kZVuk chek bR;kfn) dh O;oLFkk dks lqpk: :i ls ykxw
djus ds fy, ck; fd;k tk,xk vkSj ljdkj dh rjiQ ls vko';d lg;ksx feysxkA blh rjg
lHkh vlaxfBr etnwjksa ds fy, lkekftd lqj{kk O;oLFkk dh igy dh tk,xhA
22- jsgM+h iVjh okyksa dks ykblsal vkSj iDdh txg feysxh
jsgM+h iVjh okys fdlh Hkh 'kgjh vFkZO;oLFkk esa ,d vge Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA ;s vke vkneh
dks lLrs vkSj lqfo/ktud :i esa pht+s miyC/ djkrh gSaA lkFk gh budh fu;ksftr Hkkxhnkjh
jkstxkj nsus esa vkSj nkeksa dks de cuk, j[kus esa lgk;d gksrh gSaA ijarq fu;ksftr u gksus Ikj ;g
HkhM+ c<+kus] VSfiQd jksdus] iqQVikFk vfre.k vkSj dpjk c<+kus dk dke djrs gSaA vke vkneh
ikVhZ dh ljdkj jsgM+h&IkVjh okyksa dh vkthfodk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr dne
mBk,xh%
22-1 jsgM+h&iVjh okyksa dks ykblsal fn;k tk,xkA ykblsal nsus dk dke LFkkuh; eksgYyk lHkk
djsaxhA
22-2 lHkh ckt+kjksa esa muds fy, LFkku fu/kZfjr fd, tk,axsA LFkkuksa dk fu.kZ; ogka dh eksgYyk
lHkk r; djsaxhA
blls ,d rjiQ ml {ks=k esa jgus okys yksxksa dks jsgM+h iVjh okyksa dh vPNh lsok,a feysaxh vkSj
nwljh rjiQ jsgM+h iVjh okyksa dk Ikqfyl ,oa uxj fuxe }kjk 'kks"k.k vkSj g+rk olwyuk can
gksxkA
37
ifjogu
23- lLrs vkSj lqyHk lkoZtfud ifjogu dk foLrkj gksxk
fnYyh tSls egkuxj dk thou lM+d vkSj ifjogu ij fuHkZj gSA ysfdu ,d lqlaxr O;oLFkk u
gksus dh otg ls fnYyh dk vke vkneh gj fnu ?kaVks lM+dksa Ikj /Dds [kkrk gS] VSfiQd esa
vVdk jgrk gSA dqN VqdM+ksa esa vPNh ;k=kk gks Hkh tk, rks mlh ;k=kk ds ckdh VqdM+ksa esa dlj
fudy tkrh gSA lkoZtfud ifjogu dh gkyr dk bl ckr ls irk yxrk gS fd fnYyh dh
lM+d ij pyus okys 93 iQhlnh okgu futh dkj] LdwVj] eksVjlkbfdy gSa vkSj fliZQ 2-5
iQhlnh okgu clsa gSa tks fd 55&60 izfr'kr lokfj;ksa dks <ksrh gSaA ckgjh fnYyh ds vf/dka'k
bykdksa esa ifjogu dh O;oLFkk djuk fnYyh ljdkj tSls viuh ftEesnkjh gh ugha le>rhA
;fn gesa fnYyh dh VSfiQd leL;k dk lek/ku djuk gS rks ifCyd VkaliksVZ dks vkd"kZd vkSj
lqfo/ktud cukuk gksxk rkfd T;knk ls T+;knk yksx vius futh okgu dk iz;ksx NksM+dj IkfCyd
VkaliksVZ dk bLrseky djsaA vke vkneh ikVhZ dh ljdkj ,d lLrh] lqyHk] lqjf{kr vkSj
lqO;ofLFkr ifjogu O;oLFkk cuk,xhA
23-1 esVks] cl] vkWVks] fjD'kk vkSj lkbfdy ds ckjs esa vyx&vyx VqdM+ksa esa lkspus dh ctk;
,d lexz lksp ds vk/kj ij dne mBk;sa tk,axsA blds fy, ,d ^;qfuiQkbM VkaliksVZ
vFkkWfjVh* dk xBu fd;k tk,xkA
23-2 fnYyh esa cl lsok dk cM+s Lrj ij foLrkj djuk iM+sxkA blesa futh vkSj ljdkjh {ks=k
nksuksa dh Hkwfedk gksxhA dbZ fodflr ns'kksa esa VSfiQd ls cpus ds fy, cM+h&cM+h daifu;ksa
ds ofj"B vf/dkjh Hkh dkjksa dk bLrseky u djds clksa dk bLrseky djrs gSaA blhfy,
lekt ds gj rcds dh t:jrkas dks ;ku esa j[krs gq, cl lsok,a miyC/ djkuh gksaxhA
blesa ,d vge Hkwfedk vnk djsxhA
23-3 MhVhlh deZpkfj;ksa dh lHkh tk;t+ f'kdk;rksa dk lek/ku fd;k tk,xkA MhVhlh ds dbZ
deZpkfj;ksa dks Bsds ij j[kk x;k gS vkSj mudk 'kks"k.k fd;k tkrk gS] ftldh otg ls oks
dki+Qh ihfM+r gSaA Bsdsnkjh izFkk can dh tk,xhA vkSj bu inksa dks fu;fer fd;k tk,xkA
23-4 cl vkSj esVks dks nwjnjkt dh cfLr;ksa ls tksM+us okyh IkQhMj lfoZl] xzkeh.k lsok] 'ks;j
vkWVks] bZ&fjD'kk] fjD'kk bR;kfn tSls lk/uksa ij yxh csdkj dh ikcafn;ksa dks [kre fd;k
tk,xkA buds :V ds uD'ks u;s fljs ls cuk, tk,axsA ;k=kk dh ?kj rd Ikgqapkus okyh
38
vkf[kjh dM+h dks etcwr vkSj lqjf{kr cukus ds fy, fjD'kk o vkWVks dk c<+kok fn;k
tk,xkA fnYyh esa 'ks;j vkWVks vkSj 'ks;j VSDlh dks c<+kok fn;k tk,xkA
23-5 VkaliksVZ foHkkx ds Hkz"Vkpkj dks l[+rh ls fuiVk;k tk,xkA
23-6 Hkkjrh; jsy ds lkFk feydj fjax jsyos dh lqfo/k dk foLrkj fd;k tk,xkA bls IkQhMj
lfoZl ls tksM+k tk,xkA
23-7 fnYyh esVks dk iwjh fnYyh esa cM+s iSekus ij foLrkj fd;k tk,xkA
23-8 fnYyh esa cqtqxksZa] fo|kfFkZ;ksa vkSj fMlscYM ;kf=k;ksa ds fy, fo'ks"k ikl cuk, tk,saxsA
cqtqxksZa ds fy, vkHkkj ikl gksxk] fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, vk/kj ikl vkSj fMlscYl ds fy,
lkHkkj ikl] ftlls mUgsa esVks vkSj clksa ds fdjk, esa fj;k;r feysxhA
25- vkWVks fjD'kk pkydksa vkSj turk& nksuksa ds lkFk U;k; gksxk
vkWVks fnYyh ds Ikfjogu O;oLFkk dk ,d vge fgLlk gSA ysfdu ljdkj dh xyr uhfr;ksa dh
otg ls vkt vkWVks O;oLFkk Ikwjh rjg ls pjejk xbZ gSA ,d rjiQ fnYyh ljdkj dh xyr
uhfr;ksa VkaliksVZ foHkkx ds Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj iqfyl dh euekuh dh otg ls vkWVks pkyd nq[kh gSa
rks nwljh rjiQ vkWVks pkydksa ds O;ogkj ls turk nq[kh gSA
vkt rd fdlh jktuhfrd IkkVhZ us vkWVks okyksa dh leL;kvksa dks ugha mBk;k FkkA Ikgyh ckj
vke vkneh ikVhZ vkWVks okyksa ds eqn~nksa ij [kqydj lkeus vkbZ gSA gekjh ljdkj vkWVks okyksa ds
fy, fuEufyf[kr dne mBk,xh %
25-1 fnYyh esa gtkjksa vkWVks LVSaM cuk, tk,axsA
25-2 cSad yksu lfgr fcuk osfVax vkSj fcuk CySd ds vkWVks feysxkA
39
25-3 VkaliksVZ foHkkx dh fj'or[kksjh vkSj vkrad dks can fd;k tk,xkA vkWVks okyksa dk 'kks"k.k
djus okys iQk;usaljksa o nykyksa dks tsy Hkstk tk,xkA
25-4 Ikqfyl dh nknkfxjh vkSj fj'or[kksjh dks can fd;k tk,xkA vkWVks dh t+Crh ij jksd yxk
nh tk,xhA 'kke dks ?kj tkrs oDr ;k bejtSalh esa fj;wty ij lt+k ugha gksxhA
25-5 vkWVks dk fdjk;k ,d fuf'pr iQkewZys ds fglkc ls lky esa nks ckj r; fd;k tk,xkA
vxj egaxkbZ c<+h rks fdjk;k c<+sxk vkSj egaxkbZ de gqbZ gS rks fdjk;k ?kVsxkA vkWVks okyksa
dks ehVj esa osfVax feysxhA
25-6 /kjk 66@192 A ds nq#i;ksx dks can fd;k tk,xkA
vkWVks okyksa dk O;ogkj Bhd djus ds fy, Lis'ky Vsfuax nh tk,xhA ;s lc dne mBkus ds
ckn Hkh ;fn vkWVks okys fu;e rksM+rs gSa vkSj lokfj;ksa ds lkFk cn~reht+h djrs gSa rks l[+r
dkjZokbZ dh tk,xhA
40
i;kZoj.k
26- ;equk esa xanxh vkSj vfre.k jksdsaxs
;equk fnYyh dh thou js[kk jgh gSA ;equk ds rV ij cls bl 'kgj esa vkt u rks ;equk dk
Ikkuh lkiQ cp jgk gS vkSj u gh ;equk ds rV dh t+ehu cp jgh gSA ;equk unh 1300 fdyks
ehVj cgrh gS] ysfdu ;s 'keZ dh ckr gS fd fnYyh 'kgj ds 22 fdyksehVj mlds 80 Ikzfr'kr
iznw"k.k dk dkj.k gSA ;equk] tks fnYyh dh 'kku gksuh pkfg,] ,d xank ukyk cudj jg xbZ gSA
;g iznw"k.k ;equk esa lhost cgkus dh otg ls gSA fnYyh esa ?kjsyw lhost vkSj vkS|ksfxd xanxh
dh liQkbZ ds fy, i;kZIr VhVeasV IykaV ugha gSA tgka IykaV gS mudk Ik;kZIr bLrseky ugha gks
jgk gSA fcYMjksa vkSj Hkz"V ljdkj dh tqxycanh fnYyh dh gfj;kyh vkSj tyk'k;ksa ipk x,A
;equk dks cpkus ds fy, vke vkneh ikVhZ dh ljdkj fuEufyf[kr dne mBk,xh%
26-1 vkt fnYyh esa dsoy 70 izfr'kr bykdksa esa lhost dh ykbus gSa vkSj lhost dks bdV~Bk
fd;k tkrk gSA tks bdV~Bk gksrk gS mldh Hkh li+QkbZ Bhd ls ugha gksrhA vke vkneh
ikVhZ lqfuf'pr djsxh fd fnYYkh dk 100 izfr'kr lhost bdV~Bk djds mldh li+QkbZ
dh tk,A fdlh Hkh gkyr esa lhost dks ;equk esa ugha Hkstk tk,xkA
26-2 iSQDVh ds dpjs dh liQkbZ ds fy, cM+h la[;k esa ,yq,aV VhVeasV IykaV cuk, tk,axsA
fnYyh ty cksMZ ds Hkz"Vkpkj ds dkj.k dbZ IykaV cgqr lkyksa ls v/wjs iM+s gSa] mUgsa iwjk
fd;k tk,xkA
26-3 ljdkjh <hy vkSj Hkz"Vkpkj ds pyrs ;equk ds rV Ikj v{kj/ke eafnj vkSj dkWeuosYFk
xsEl foyst tSlh vusdksa fcfYMaxs cu xbZ gSaA buds dkj.k ;equk esa ck<+ dk fnYyh 'kgj
esa ?kqlus dk [krjk c<+ x;k gSA ;equk rV ij vfre.k ,oa fuekZ.k dk;Z rqjar jksdk
tk,xkA
ifjogu dk ft gks pqdk gSA blds vykok i;kZoj.k lq/kj ds fy, ge fuEufyf[kr dne
mBk,axs %
27-1 fnYyh fjt bl egkuxj dk ,dek=k taxy gSA bl ij yxs isM+&ikS/s fnYyh ds iQsiQM+ksa
dk dke djrs gSaA ;g Hkh ljdkjh Hkz"Vkpkj dk f'kdkj gqvk gSA /hjs&/hjs isM+&ikS/s xk;c
gks jgs gSaA vkSj fcYMj ilj jgs gSaA ljdkj o`{kkjksi.k dk uke ysrh gS] ysfdu bl dke
ds fy, dasnz ljdkj ls feys iSls dk bLrseky Hkh ugha djrhA fjt Ikj vfre.k ,oa
fuekZ.k dk;Z ij iw.kZr% jksd yxkbZ tk,xhA tgka taxy mtM+k gS] ogka nqckjk IksM+ yxk,a
tk,axsA o`{kkjksi.k ,oa IksM+ksa dh ns[k&js[k eksgYyk lHkk] okMZ lHkk ds lg;ksx ls dh
tk,xhA
27-2 fnYyh esa vkokjk tho&tkuojksa dh n'kk Hkh vR;ar nnZukd gSaA lM+dksa ij ?kwerh gqbZ xk;sa
IykfLVd [kkdj ej jgh gSaA ,sls thoksa dh j{kk ds fy, fnYyh ds ^,uhey osYisQ;j cksMZ*
dks lykgdkj ek=k dh gSfl;r ls ,slh ,tsalh esa cnyk tk,xk tks vius iSQlys [kqn ys
ldsa vkSj mUgsa ykxw dj ldsA
27-3 ok;q iznw"k.k dks ?kVkus ds fy, lkoZtfud Ikfjogu dks c<+kok fn;k tk,xk] rkfd lM+d
ij dkjksa dh la[;k vkSj mudk iznw"k.k de gks ldsA lh-,u-th- tSls de iznw"k.k iSQykus
okys bZa/u dks izksRlkgu fn;k tk,xkA
42
lkekftd U;k;
28- nfyr vkSj vU; fiNM+s lekt ds laoS/kfud vf/dkjksa dh j{kk gksxh
28-1 dkuwu ds eqrkfcd ljdkj dks vius ctV dk ,d fgLlk vuqlwfpr tkfr (,l-lh-)
Js.kh ds yksxksa Ikj [kpZ djuk vfuok;Z gSA bls ^,l-lh- dkWEiksusaV* dgrs gSaA fnYyh ljdkj
vHkh rd bl IkSls dks ,l-lh- Js.kh ds yksxksa ij [kpZ u djds vU; enkssa ij [kpZ djrh
jgh gSA tSls 2012 esa ,l-lh- dkWEiksusaV Iyku ds iSlksa dks dkWeuosYFk ds [ksyksa ij [kpZ
dj fn;k x;kA blds nksf"k;ksa dks l[+r lt+k fnyokbZ tk,xh vkSj Hkfo"; esa ;g lqfuf'pr
fd;k tk,xk fd ,l-lh- dksEiksusUV dk iSlk ,l-lh- Js.kh ds yksxksa ij gh [kpZ gksA
28-2 fnYyh ljdkj ds rgr vkus okyh ukSdfj;ksa ,oa 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkvksa esa vuqlwfpr tkfr]
tu&tkfr ,oa vU; fiNM+h tkfr;ksa ds vkj{k.k dks dk;ns ls ykxw fd;k tk,xkA fjDr in
Hkjs tk,axsA
28-3 nfyr lekt ds m|eh dks lLrs ;k 'kwU; C;kt ij dkedkt [kksyus ds fy, yksu fnyk;k
tk,xkA Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj dkxth dkjZokbZ dh otg ls yksu ysus esa fnDdrsa vkrh gSaA Hkz"Vkpkj
[kRe fd;k tk,xk vkSj izf;k dks ljy cuk;k tk,xkA
28-4 tkfr izek.k&i=k ysus esa vkt cgqr fnDdrsa vkrh gSaA bls ljy cuk;k tk,xkA gks lds rks
;g vf/dkj eksgYyk lHkk dks fn;k tk,xkA
pyrs iDdh ukSdjh nh gh ugha tkrhA vke vkneh dh ljdkj Bsdsnkjh dks [kRe djsxh]
lkyksa ls dke dj jgs li+QkbZ deZpkfj;ksa dks iekZusaV djsxh vkSj vkxs ls fu;fer rjhds
ls iDdh HkrhZ djsxhA liQkbZ deZpkjh dks dSfj;j esa izkseks'ku vkSj i<+&fy[kdj vU;
iksLV ysus dk ekSdk feysxkA
29-2 vxj vkt Hkh ckfYedh lekt liQkbZ is'ks esa iQalk gS rks bldk lcls cM+k dkj.k gS fd
mUgsa vPNh f'k{kk ugha feyrhA xjhc gksus dh otg ls oks vius cPpksa dks ljdkjh
Ldwyksa esa Hkstrs gSaA ljdkjh Ldwyksa esa Ik<+kbZ dh gkyr bruh [kjkc gS fd muds cPps Hkh
cM+s gksdj li+QkbZ dk dke gh djrs gSaA ljdkjh Ldwyksa esa f'k{kk ds Lrj dks lq/kjuk
vke vkneh ikVhZ dh lcls igyh izkFkfedrk gksxhA ckfYedh lekt ds cPps i<+kbZ
chp esa u NksM+ nsa vkSj dkWyst] fo'ofo|ky; esa i<+sa blds fy, fo'ks"k Ldhe cukbZ
tk,xhA
29-3 vkt tgka nwljs leqnk;ksa ds yksx jkst+xkj ds u, volj ikdj rjDdh dh ubZ mQpkb;ksa
dks Nw jgs gSa] ckfYedh lekt dks jkstxkj ds u, voljksa ls nwj gh j[kk x;kA vke
vkneh ikVhZ ;g lqfuf'pr djsxh fd ckfYedh lekt ds ;qokvksa ds lkFk HksnHkko [kRe
gksa vkSj mUgsa vU; {ks=kksa esa Hkh lEekutud dke feysA os viuk [kqn dk O;olk; [kksy
ldsa] blds fy, mUgsa de C;kt ij vklkuh ls yksu eqgS;k djk;k tk,xkA
29-4 ukyksa esa mrjus okys deZpkjh dks oSls gh ekLd] fyckl] e'khu vkSj chek gkfly gksxk
tSls iQk;j fczxsM ds deZpkfj;ksa dks gksrk gSA
30- eqfLye lekt dks veu] balkiQ vkSj cjkcjh ds volj fnyk,axs
fiNys 66 lkyksa esa gekjs ns'k ds eqlyeku dkaxzsl dks oksV nsrs vk, gSaA dkaxzsl dks oksV nsuk
eqlyekuksa dh et+cwjh FkhA gj ckj pqukoksa esa eqlyekuksa dks chtsih dk Mj fn[kk;k tkrk gSA
dgha chtsih lkk esa uk vk tk,& bl Mj ls eqlyeku gj ckj dkaxzsl dks oksV nsrk gSA
dkaxzsl us eqlyekuksa dks tkucw>dj fiNM+k j[kk rkfd mUgsa oksV cSad dh rjg bLrseky fd;k tk
ldsA
gt+kjksa NksVs&cM+s naxs] fiNM+s gq, mnwZ ek;e Ldwy] enjlksa dh cngkyh] lyk[kksa ds ihNs lM+rs
funksZ"k eqfLye ;qok] Hkz"V oDiQ cksMZ] vkj{k.k dk >qa>quk] fu"Bqj ,oa fuBYyk vYi la[;d
vk;ksx& ;g lc eqlyekuksa ds lkFk /ks[ks dh xokgh nsrs gSaA dsUnz vkSj fnYyh nksuksa txg
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dkaxzsl dh ljdkj gS ysfdu fiQj Hkh fnYyh dk eqlyeku ng'kr esa thrk gSA fiNM+siu vkSj
HksnHkko dk f'kdkj gSA vkSj vius gh ?kj esa fdjk;snkj tSlk thou thus dks etcwj gSA
vke vkneh ikVhZ bl ns'k esa lkEiznkf;d }s"k vkSj naxs can djkds veu vkSj pSu dk;e djuk
pkgrh gSA blds fy, Hkktik dh lkEiznkf;drk vkSj dkaxzsl dh oksV cSad jktuhfr nksuksa dk
fojks/ djus dh t:jr gSA vke vkneh ikVhZ eqlyekuksa dks cjkcj dk gd+ fnykuk pkgrh gS]
mUgsa lqj{kk nsuk pkgrh gS vkSj muds eu ls ng'kr nwj djuk pkgrh gSA blds fy, vke vkneh
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32- iatkch vkSj mnwZ dks lpeqp nwljh Hkk"kk dk ntkZ nsaxs
vke vkneh IkkVhZ fnYyh ds Hkk"kkbZ vYila[;dksa ds vf/dkjksa dk lEeku djsxh vkSj bl fn'kk
esa fuEufyf[kr dne mBk,xh %
32-1 mnwZ vkSj Ikatkch dks fnYyh esa dkuwuu nwljh Hkk"kk dk nt+kZ rks fn;k x;k gS] ysfdu bls
vc O;ogkj esa ykxw djk;k tk,xkA
32-2 fnYyh ds ljdkjh Ldwyksa eas mnwZ vkSj iatkch dks oSdfYid Hkk"kk ds :i esa i<+k;k tk,xkA
fnYyh Ikz'kklu ds fu;a=k.k esa pyus okys dkWystksa esa f'k{kdksa ds fjDr in Hkh Hkjs tk,axsA
fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; esa pkj lkykuk dkslZ (FYUP) ds ykxw gksus ds ckn Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa
dh fxjkoV dks jksdk tk,xkA
32-3 vEcsMdj vkSj bUnzizLFk ;wfuoflZVh esa iatkch vkSj mnwZ ds v;;u] v;kiu vkSj 'kks/ dh
txg cukbZ tk,xhA
32-4 laLd`r dh i<+kbZ vkSj 'kks/ dks izksRlkgu fn;k tk,xkA
32-5 fnYyh ns'k dh reke Hkk"kkvksa dk laxe gSA ;gka clus okys lHkh Hkk"kkbZ vYila[;dksa dh
lkaLd`frd fojklr ds lEeku ds fy, ljdkj leqfpr dne mBk,xhA
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47
vU;
35- laLd`fr vkSj [ksy
35-1 fnYyh ds gj fo/kulHkk {ks=k esa ,d ifCyd ykbczsjh [kksyh tk,xhA bldh ns[k&js[k
LFkkuh; eksgYyk lHkkvksa dh fuxjkuh esa gksxhA
35-2 fnYyh esa vusdksa E;wft+;e gSa ftuesa Hkkjr dh lkaLd`frd vkSj ,sfrgkfld /jksgj gSA ijarq
;g lkjs E;wft+;e cgqr cqjs gky esa gSaA bu lc dh ns[k&js[k dh O;oLFkk dks Bhd fd;k
tk,xkA E;wft+;eksa dks jkspd cuk;k tk,xk vkSj Ldwyksa dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tk,xk fd os
fu;fer rkSj ij cPpksa dks ogka ysdj vk,aA
35-3 gj okMZ esa yM+ds&yM+fd;ksa ds fy, [ksydwn ds eSnku o lqfo/k,a cukbZ tk,axh] ftudh
ns[k&js[k LFkkuh; eksgYyk @ okMZ lHkk,a djsaxhA
35-4 fnYyh dh lHkh LiksVZ~l vFkkWVhZt+ dks vkjVhvkbZ dkuwu vkSj yksdiky ds rgr yk;k
tk,xkA bu lc esa gksus okys Hkz"Vkpkj ij l[+rh ls jksd yxkbZ tk,xhA
35-5 dkWeuosYFk xsEl ds nkSjku [ksy&dwn dh lqfo/kvksa dks fnYyh ds f[kykfM+;ksa ds fy,
miyC/ djok;k tk,xkA buds j[k&j[kko dh O;oLFkk gksxhA
35-6 gj eksgYys ;k okMZ es cqtqxksZa ds fy, euksjatu dsUnz [kksys tk,axs tgka os lqdwu ds lkFk
dqN le; xqtkj ldsaA
vke vkneh ikVhZ ns'k dh jktuhfr dks cnyus dh 'kq:vkr gSA ;g ladYi i=k gekjs fy, ,d
ifo=k nLrkost+ gSaA ;g fliZQ turk ls ugha] vius vki ls oknk gSA vke vkneh ikVhZ dk tUe
gh ljdkj dh turk ds izfr tokcnsgh dh ekax ls gqvk gSA blfy, ge tokcnsgh dks vius
dkedkt esa lcls mQij j[kuk pkgrs gSaA ge vius ladYiksa ij [kjs mrjsa vkSj turk bldh tkap
dj lds blds fy, vke vkneh ikVhZ dh ljdkj fuEufyf[kr dne mBk,xh%
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eq[;ea=kh ds nrj esa ,d Lis'ky lsy cuk,axsA ;g lsy blh ladYi i=k ij gh ugha]
vke vkneh ikVhZ }kjk tkjh fd, x, 70 fo/kulHkk {ks=kksa esa gj ,d ladYi i=k ykxw
djokus ij ut+j j[ksxkA
;g lsy lHkh foHkkxksa ds ek;e ls ladYi i=kksa ds lHkh fcanqvksa dks ykxw djok,xk vkSj
bl ckjs esa turk dh f'kdk;rksa dk tokc nsxkA
;g lsy fu;fer :i ls osclkbV ds ek;e ls turk dks tkudkjh nsrk jgsxk fd fdu
oknksa ij fdruk dke gks pqdk gSA vxj fdlh ladYi dks iwjk djus esa dksbZ fnDdr vk
jgh gS ;k nsj yx jgh gS rks mlds dkj.k turk dks lki+Q&lki+Q crk, tk,axsA
eq[;ea=kh gj lky eas ,d ckj turk ds lkeus ladYi i=k dks ykxw djus ij
fjiksVZ&dkMZ izLrqr djsaxsA
vke vkneh ikVhZ dk gj fo/k;d Hkh gj lky vius {ks=k dh turk ds lkeus vius
fo/kulHkk ds ladYi i=k dh fjiksVZ is'k djsxkA
37- ,d oknk vius vki ls
pquko esa ikfVZ;ka oksVj ls vihy djrh gSaA ljdkj ,d ckj fiQj jktikV ekaxrh gSaA ikfVZ;ka ,d
ekSdk ekaxrh gSaA usrk dqlhZ ekaxrs gSaA turk bl [ksy dks ns[krh gSA pquko gksrs gSa] ysfdu pquus
dks dqN ugha gksrkA blfy, ys&nsdj turk Hkh bu f[kykfM+;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d dks oksV Mkyus
dks etcwj gks tkrh gSA bl [ksy dks ns[krs&ns[krs ge&vki bldk f'kdkj cu tkrs gSaA
bl ckj dk fnYyh fo/kulHkk pquko bl iqjkus [ksy ls vyx gSA eSnku esa iqjkus f[kykfM+;ksa ds
lkFk&lkFk ,d u;k fodYi Hkh gSA bl ckj ge ;g ugha dg ldrs fd lc ikfVZ;ka ,d tSlh
gSaA bl ckj oh-vkbZ-ih- usrk gSa rks nwljh rjiQ bZekunkjh dk la?k"kZ djus okys vke vknehA bl
ckj lp vkSj >wB dh yM+kbZ gSA ;g pquko ugha /eZ;q gSA vkidks iSQlyk djuk gS fd vki
/eZ ds lkFk gSa ;k v/eZ ds lkFkA
vke vkneh ikVhZ vkils oksV ekaxus ugha vkbZ gSA ge bl pquko esa jktikV vkSj dqlhZ gkfly
djus ds fy, ugha mrjs gSaA vxj ge dqN ekaxrs gSa rks fliZQ bruk gh fd vki vius vki esa
Hkjkslk djsa] viuh vkRek dh vkokt+ lqusaA ;g pquko ikfVZ;ksa dh thr&gkj dk [ksy ugha gSA ;g
gekjh viuh thr&gkj dk nkao gSA vke vkneh ikVhZ vkils dksbZ oknk ugha djrhA cfYd ge
vki ls ,d oknk ekaxrs gSaA bl ckj fnYyh dh ljdkj pqurs oDr ge fj'rs&ukrs ugha ns[ksaxs]
tkr&fcjknjh dks Hkwy tk,axs] iSlk vkSj 'kjkc ckaVus okyksa dks Bksdj ekj nsaxsA oksfVax e'khu ds
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lkeus [kM+s gksdj ge vius cPpksa dk Hkyk&cqjk lkspsaxs] vius 'kgj dk Hkfo"; ns[ksaxs] vius ns'k
ds fy, u;k liuk cqusaxsA ge vke vkneh ikVhZ ds t+fj, vius vkidks ,d ekSdk nsaxsA
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