Properties of Integrals

Math 111

(linearity) Suppose f and g are integrable on [a, b] and c R. Then

b b b b b

(f + g ) =
a a

f+
a

g,

and
a

cf = c
a

f.
b a

If f and g are integrable on [a, b] and f (x) g (x) for all x [a, b], then In other words, integrals preserve inequalities. If f is integrable on [a, b] and a < c < b, then
b c b

b a

g.

f=
a a

f+
c

f.

(continuous integrable) If f is continuous on [a, b], then f is integrable on [a, b]. (Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, FTC) If f is integrable on [a, b] and there exists a function g , continuous on [a, b] and dierentiable on (a, b), such that f = g , then
b b

f = g (b) g (a),
a

i.e.,
a

g = g (b) g (a).

(Mean Value Theorem for Integrals) Suppose f is continuous on [a, b]. Then there exists c [a, b] such that b f a . f (c) = ba This number is the average value of f on [a, b]. (Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, FTC2) Suppose f is continuous on an open interval I containing the point a. For x I , dene
x

F (x) =
a

f.

Then, F (x) = f (x) for all x I . In other words, the FTC2 says that continuous functions have antiderivatives.