! Intro ! What is Art from a European perspective? ! Can aboriginal rock art be called Art? !

Why should we think of aboriginal rock art as perpetual artefacts? ! ! Who owns aboriginal imagery? ! Why is rock art important as heritage (and to who)? ! Conservation techniques for rock art ! Conclusion ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
BIBLIOGRAPHY!

Aboriginal Rockart: The problem of restoration and Conservation.!

Can perpetual artefacts be restored? Restoration of perpetual artefacts must either desecrate or reinvigorate

ALTMAN, J. (1989). TOURISM DILEMMAS FOR ABORIGINAL AUSTRALIANS. ANNALS OF TOURISM RESEARCH, 16(4), 456-476.! BLAKENEY, M. L. (2013). PROTECTING THE SPIRITUAL BELIEFS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES: AUSTRALIAN CASE STUDIES. PACIFIC RIM LAW & POLICY JOURNAL, 22(2).! CHIPPINDALE, C., TAON, P.S.C. 1998. THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF ROCK-ART. CAMBRIDGE: CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS! CRAWFORD, I.M. 1968. THE ART OF THE WANDJINA. LONDON: OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS."! DEACON, J., 2006. ROCK ART CONSERVATION AND TOURISM. JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL METHOD AND THEORY, 13(4), 376-396.! FIORE, D., SANZ, I. D., & MAY, S. K. (EDS.). (2009). ARCHAEOLOGIES OF ART: TIME, PLACE, AND IDENTITY. LEFT COAST PRESS.! FREDERICK, U., & OCONNOR, S. WANDJINA, GRAFFITI AND HERITAGE. COMPELLING CULTURES: REPRESENTING CULTURAL DIVERSITY AND COHESION IN MULTICULTURAL AUSTRALIA, 153.! MACLEOD, I., HAYDOCK, P., TULLOCH, D., & FORD, B., 1995. EFFECTS OF MICROBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY ON THE CONSERVATION OF ABORIGINAL ROCK ART. AICCM BULLETIN, 21(1), 3-9.! MAYNARD, L. 1975. RESTORATION OF ABORIGINAL ROCK ART: THE MORAL PROBLEM. 'AUSTRALIAN ARCHAEOLOGY', NO.3, 54-60.! MICHAELS, E., 1994. BAD ABORIGINAL ART: TRADITION, MEDIA, AND TECHNOLOGICAL HORIZONS MINNEAPOLIS: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA PRESS.! MORPHY, H. 1999. ENCODING THE DREAMING - A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE ANALYSIS OF REPRESENTATIONAL PROCESSES IN AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL ART. AUSTRALIAN ARCHAEOLOGY 49, 13-22."!

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

MORPHY, H., 1995. ABORIGINAL ART IN A GLOBAL. WORLDS APART: MODERNITY THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE LOCAL, 211.! PREZIOSI, D. (2012). ART IS NOT WHAT YOU THINK IT IS.! READ, P. (2000). BELONGING: AUSTRALIANS, PLACE AND ABORIGINAL OWNERSHIP. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS.! ROSENFELD, A., 1985. ROCK ART CONSERVATION IN AUSTRALIA.?! ROSS, J. 2013. A CONTINENT OF NATIONS: THE EMERGENCE OF NEW REGIONALLY DISTINCT ROCK ART STYLES ACROSS AUSTRALIA. QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL, 285, 161-171.! SIMONS, M. S. (2000). ABORIGINAL HERITAGE ART AND MORAL RIGHTS. ANNALS OF TOURISM RESEARCH, 27(2), 412-431.! TAON, P. 1988. CONTEMPORARY ABORIGINAL INTERPRETATIONS OF WESTERN ARNHEM LAND ROCK PAINTINGS. IN: WEST, M.K.C., ED. 1988. THE INSPIRED DREAM. BRISBANE: QUEENSLAND ART GALLERY.! TAON, P. S., ROSS, J., PATERSON, A., & MAY, S. (2012). PICTURING CHANGE AND CHANGING PICTURES: CONTACT PERIOD ROCK ART OF AUSTRALIA. A COMPANION TO ROCK ART, CHICHESTER, UK: BLACKWELL, 420-36.! WALDERHAUG SAETERSDAL, E. M., 2000. ETHICS, POLITICS AND PRACTICES IN ROCK ART CONSERVATION. PUBLIC ARCHAEOLOGY, 1(3), 163-180.! WARBURTON, N. (2013). THE ART QUESTION. ROUTLEDGE.! VIDEOS! CONSERVATION OF ROCK ART IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA: IAN MACLEOD (HTTP:// MUSEUM.WA.GOV.AU/EXPLORE/VIDEOS/CONSERVATION-ROCK-ART-WESTERN-AUSTRALIA)! WHO PAINTIN' DIS WANDJINA?: TARYNE LAFFAR

! Intro ! History of SE Australia and Murray River ! Are these Cemeteries? ! Can cemeteries be used as a proxy for territory? !

Do aboriginal burial sites along the Murray River suggest territorially distinct groups?!

How could we tell if these are territorially distinct groups vs the same group vs non territorially distinct groups? (methodology and basic concept)

! Brief description of 3 key sites chosen and explanations for choices !

Data analysis grave goods Ethnicity(term) signiers. e.g. cranial orientation / position Age, gender, etc

! Discussion ! Conclusion ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

BIBLIOGRAPHY! BRACE, C. L. 1980. AUSTRALIAN TOOTH-SIZE CLINES AND THE DEATH OF A STEREOTYPE. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 21:141-164.! BROWN, P. (1981). ARTIFICIAL CRANIAL DEFORMATION: A COMPONENT IN THE VARIATION IN PLEISTOCENE AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL CRANIA. ARCHAEOLOGY IN OCEANIA, 16(3), 156-167.! BROWN, P. (1989). COOBOOL CREEK. A MORPHOLOGICAL AND METRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CRANIA, MANDIBLES AND DENTITIONS OF A PREHISTORIC AUSTRALIAN HUMAN POPULATION. TERRA AUSTRALIS, 13.! BRUMM, A., & MOORE, M. W. (2005). SYMBOLIC REVOLUTIONS AND THE AUSTRALIAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD. CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL JOURNAL, 15(2), 157.! CLARK, P., & HOPE, J. (1985). ABORIGINAL BURIALS AND SHELL MIDDENS AT SNAGGY BEND AND OTHER SITES ON THE CENTRAL MURRAY RIVER. AUSTRALIAN ARCHAEOLOGY, (20), 68-89.! DURBAND, A. C. (2008). ARTIFICIAL CRANIAL DEFORMATION IN PLEISTOCENE AUSTRALIANS: THE COOBOOL CREEK SAMPLE. JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION, 54(6), 795-813.! HISCOCK, P. (2007). ARCHAEOLOGY OF ANCIENT AUSTRALIA. ROUTLEDGE.! LITTLETON, J. (1999). EAST AND WEST: BURIAL PRACTICES ALONG THE MURRAY RIVER. ARCHAEOLOGY IN OCEANIA, 1-14.! LITTLETON, J. (2002). MORTUARY BEHAVIOUR ON THE HAY PLAIN: DO CEMETERIES EXIST?. ARCHAEOLOGY IN OCEANIA, 105-122.!

LITTLETON, J. (2007). FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF TIME: HUNTER-GATHERER BURIALS IN SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA. ANTIQUITY, 81(314), 1013-1028.!

! ! ! ! !

LITTLETON, J., & ALLEN, H. (2007). HUNTER-GATHERER BURIALS AND THE CREATION OF PERSISTENT PLACES IN SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA. JOURNAL OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL ARCHAEOLOGY, 26(2), 283-298.! PARDOE, C. (1988). THE CEMETERY AS SYMBOL. THE DISTRIBUTION OF PREHISTORIC ABORIGINAL BURIAL GROUNDS IN SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA. ARCHAEOLOGY IN OCEANIA, 23(1), 1-16.! PARDOE, C. (1991). COMPETING PARADIGMS AND ANCIENT HUMAN REMAINS: THE STATE OF THE DISCIPLINE.! PATE, F. D. (2006). HUNTER-GATHERER SOCIAL COMPLEXITY AT ROONKA FLAT, SOUTH AUSTRALIA. THE SOCIAL ARCHAEOLOGY OF AUSTRALIAN INDIGENOUS SOCIETIES, 226-241.! PRETTY, G.L., 1977. THE CULTURAL CHRONOLOGY OF THE ROONKA FLAT, A PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATION, IN STONE TOOLS AS CULTURAL MARKERS: CHANGE, EVOLUTION AND COMPLEXITY, ED. R.V.S. WRIGHT. CANBERRA: AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF ABORIGINAL STUDIES, 288331.!