60

SCATTERING

We introduce the potential Equation (2.39) in Equation (2.35) for the scattering amplitude f ( , ) = = 2m 2 Ze 4 2m 2 Ze 4 d3 x d3 x eiqx t (x ) |x x | d3 x eiq(xx ) |x x | (2.41)

d3 x eiqx t (x )

where in the second line we have added and subtracted i q x in the exponential and split the exponential into two pieces such that the integrand of the second integral has |x x | in its exponential and in its numerator. All x dependence is in the second integrand and we will do the integral over x, setting x x = r and |x x | = r I= d3 x eiq(xx ) = |x x | d3 x eiqr r (2.42)

The integrand oscillates rapidly for large values of r. To control these oscillations, we introduce a convergence factor exp(r) with > 0 in the integrand and take the limit 0 afterward I= er eiqr cos 2 r dr d cos d r (2.43)

The integral over can be done

+1 1

eiqr cos d cos =

eiqr eiqr iqr

(2.44)

and using it in Equation (2.43) gives I = 2

0

er r2

eiqr eiqr iqr

dr =

q2

4 4 2 2 + q

(2.45)

where in the last step we let 0. We leave aside the question of whether it is permitted to exchange the order of the integration and the limit. Using Equation (2.45) in Equation (2.41) we get for the scattering amplitude f ( , ) = 2m 2 4 Ze 2 4 q d3 x eiqx t (x ) (2.46)

The total charge density t (x) is dened by Equation (2.39) and can be written as (2.47) t (x) = 3 (x) (x)