PATTERNS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT - proponent of psychoanalytic psychosexual theory

*Components of Personality:
*Growth – quantitative changes, measurable; increase in 1. ID
physical appearance - pleasure principle
- requires immediate gratification
*Development – qualitative change, can’t exactly measure; *refers to infants
ability to function - born with no ego and superego, purely ID, someone
Ex. Behavior, attitude, maturity, intelligence (Multiple considered to be Narcissistic, won’t stop crying unless fed and
Intelligence Theory of Howard Gardner) cuddled; ID develops and peaks
2. EGO
1. Directional - reality principle
a. Cephalocaudal – head to tail; head is developed first - develops during late infancy
2 months of intrauterine life - head is ½ the size of body - peak: Toddler
At birth – head is biggest part of body; 1/3 of the body - toddlers are egocentric
*head lag – don’t have control of head and neck *Egocentrism
*increased incidence of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome) – - use of words such as I, Me, I’m, MY
idiopathic, related to suffocation because of head lag - everything is directed towards them
*don’t place baby at prone position – prone position provide - MY: toddler are possessive borrowing of toys is a no no
good sleeping pattern but head must be turned to one side 3. SUPER EGO
because the baby will not be able to breathe; contraindicated - moral principle/arbitration
when baby is 1-3 months - developed during preschool but does not peak
*pillows – hollow pillows are not allowed only thin pillows - peak during School Age
*2 months – head will pull up together w/ body; diminishing a. Ego Ideal – do good and you felt good
head lag b. conscience – did bad and felt bad
*3 months – absence of head lag expected; baby knows how to toddlers – boastful liars; 6-12: honest
turn left to right; control of head and neck
*4 months – baby can turn body left and right; control chest *Principles of Growth and Development
*5 months – willful/voluntary roll over; control of abdomen TODDLERHOOD
* BE: 6mos + head lag = cerebral palsy - refers to age 1-3
Dev’t screening test = DDST (Denver Developmental Screening
Test) P – period of negativism, parallel play, push & pull toys (cart),
phone, pounding toys
b. Proximodistal R – regression, ritualistic behavior
*Proximo – refer to midline; center A – accident, Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
*Distal – peripheral, outer I - independence
Ex. Teeth: 1st to erupt – Central lower incisors S – separation anxiety
Lateral incisors E – egocentrism
Canine
Molars *most common word uttered is NO: “No I can do this by
18 months – baby needs tooth brushing myself”
1 ½ - 2 yrs – oral care only because baby can’t digest fluoride *Parallel Play – refers to kind of play, 2 toddler are playing side
yet; water before and after meal feeding by side with no communication and sharing
2 yrs old – complete 18 deciduous teeth *Therapeutic play - if done with nurse or therapist
5-6 yrs old – deciduous teeth will fall out Push and pull toys – carts
18 yrs old – ideally will have complete set of teeth Phone toys – increase vocabulary, 300 word vocabulary
* Age (months) – 6 = estimated # of teeth the baby is having 900 word – preschool
7 months – first tooth erupts Pounding toys/boards – hammers, given to minimize temper
6 months – teething starts; takes 1 month before teeth erupts tantrums
Temper tantrums – anxiety that could not be verbalized, limited
c. General to specific vocabulary, ignore temper tantrums
- the child will master simple task 1st before complicated *Expect a child to regress if:
functioning 1. Ill
Ex. Language – earliest sign of giftedness in children 2. Sick
Crying – 1st evidence of baby’s language 3. Hospitalized
1st 3hrs – if not crying the baby may have problem speaking *Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
and crying *Ritualistic Behavior
*Coos and gurgles – meaningless sounds 1. time we expect to learn how to make signs of the cross
*Babbling sounds – kids playing with saliva (2y/o); we learn to say simple prayers
*Mono syllables – dada, mama 2. Time toddler will not sleep unless told of the same story over
Dada is first uttered than Mama and over again
Baba – is first uttered *Accident – leading cause of death
*words, sentences, sing a. Infant: suffocation
*speaking is easier than singing b. Toddler:
Poisoning – lock poisons
2. Sequential Falls - fences
- growth and development follow a predetermined sequence Drowning – don’t leave child alone in CR
Ex. Ability to ambulate *Autonomy – struggle of child to be independent
1st evidence we can ambulate: - eat alone, usually messy
1. Creeping – chest and abdomen *Separation Anxiety - #1 fear of toddlers
2. Crawling - arms and knees - fear of abandonment
3. sit with support - happens as early as infancy
4. w/o support - peak at toddler
5. stand with support - time we have diff. putting child to sleep
6. walk with support - should be resolved by age 7
7. stand w/o support *What to do: assure child you’ll be coming back, use meal time
8. Walk w/o support as time
9. run, hop, skip, jump *EGO
I, me, my – common words uttered, everything is directed
*developmental – universal and individual; growth and towards them
development does not happen at same rate and pace *Elimination – developmental milestone during this time is
Ex. Increases in height Toilet training
* Period of accelerated growth and period of growth gap: *When is the best time?
1. Adolescent – maturity of hormones 18 mos. – 2yrs or 18 mos.
For women increase in height happens before menarche *How to know? Signs of readiness:
For guys increase in height happens after Spermarche 1. sit, walk, squat
Spermarche – production of sperm; ability of guy to reproduce 2. complain discomfort
Thelarche – sexual dev’t; enlargement of breast 3. baby will be able to control urination: dryness for 2hrs.
2. Infancy - fastest before defecation
*Sigmund Freud Urination – precursor to defecation
- all human behavior is energized by psychodynamic forces, OC disorder – problems in toilet training
divided into 3 components of personality *Constantly appreciate effort; praise & recognize for them to
- Father of ____ achieve autonomy