5.

1 Design of Sanitary Wastewater Manholes Purpose of Calculation : The purpose of this calculation is to determine the size of manholes, thickness of wall, cover slab and base slab. Assumptions: 1. Assume water table is 1 meter below finish grade.

Diagram: Tw Tw H W Tw PLAN Tb SECTION B Tw Ts

Assume manhole size B= 1.20 m W= H= 1.20 2.20 m m

Ts = Tw = Tb =

0.25 0.30 0.30

m m m

Design Parameters Unit weight of concrete ( yc ) Unit weight of submerged soil ( ys ) Unit weight of dry soil ( ys1 ) Unit weight of water ( yw ) Soil Bearing Capacity ( SBC ) Angle of internal friction ( f ) Coefficient of friction bet soil & conc ( m ) Compressive strength of concrete ( f'c ) Yield strength of rebars ( fy ) Live load surcharge ( s )

= = = = = = = = = =

24 10.5 18 10 100 30 0.4 27.58 414 10

kN/m3 kN/m3 kN/m3 kN/m3 kN/m2 deg MPa MPa kN/m2

Vertical Loads ( Wt ) W mh = Weight of manhole = W 1 + W 2 + W 3 W 1 = Weight of slab = ( yc ) ( B W Ts ) = 8.64 kN = 95.04 kN

W 2 = Weight of walls = ( yc ) [ ( 2 B H Tw ) + ( 2 W 1 H Tw ) ] W 3 = Weight of base slab = ( yc ) ( B1 W 1 Tb ) = W mh = 127.01 kN W w = Weight of water = ( yw ) ( B W H ) Wt = 23.33 kN

31.68

kN

158.69 kN Actual soil bearing pressure ( qa ) ( Full of water ) qa = W t / A A = W 1 B1 = 3.24 2 kN/m2 qa = 48.98 kN/m < 100 Factor of safety against uplift ( empty ) FS = W e / Fu 2.61 > 1.2 ( SAFE ) Design of slab Considering 1 meter strip of slab DL = yc Ts = 6.00 kN/m kN/m2 = LL = 3.60 wu = 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL = Mu = wu L2 / 8 L= = 2.61 kN-m Required Depth ( d ) Mu d= f b Ru Ru = r fy [ 1 - 0.59 ( r fy / f'c ) ] r = 0.75 rb rb = r= rmin = Ru = d= 0.85 f'c b 600 = fy ( 600 + fy ) 0.02136 1.4 / fy = 0.00338 7.170 20.12 MPa mm < 0.02848 3.60 14.52 1.20 kN/m kN/m m

m2 ( SAFE )

Fu = (yw) [(B + 2 Tw) (W + 2 Tw) (H + Tb - 1)] = 48.60 kN

f= b= f'c = fy = b=

0.90 1000 27.58 414 0.85 mm MPa MPa

< 165

0.02136 mm ( SAFE ) f= b= d= Ts = mm

Reinforcing Bars As =

Mu

0.90 1000 165 250 mm mm mm

f d fy [ 1 - 0.59 ( r fy / f'c ) ] = 52.43 mm Asmin = 0.0018 b Ts mm < As = 450 Using 16 mm diameter bar;As16 = 200 S= 444.44 mm Use 200 mm on center top and bottom

f'c = 27.58 MPa fy = 414 MPa r = 0.02136 Mu = 2.61 kN-m

Design of wall Pressure Coefficients: Active pressure Ka = ( 1 - sin f ) / ( 1 + sin f ) Ka = 0.33 Considering 1 meter strip of wall Lateral pressure on wall (submerge soil) Height of surcharge, h = surcharge / density of soil h= 0.95 m Submerged soil F1 = (1/2) Ka ys ( H + h )2 ( 1 ) = 17.39 Sea water F2 = (1/2) Ka yw H2 ( 1 ) = 8.07 25.46 Lateral pressure on wall (dry soil) Height of surcharge, h = surcharge / density of soil h1 = 0.56 m Dry soil F3 = (1/2) Ka ys1 ( H + h1)2 ( 1 ) = 22.78

kN kN kN (govern)

kN

0.95

surcharge

2.20

F1 F2

(1/2) Ka ys (H+h)2 M = 0.128 F1 ( H + h ) + 0.128 F2 H = 9.29 kN-m Mu = 1.7 M = 15.79 kN-m Required Depth ( d ) Mu d= f b Ru d= 49.47 mm < 215 mm ( SAFE )

(1/2) Ka yw H2

f= b= Ru = Mu =

0.90 1000 7.17 15.79 mm MPa kN-m

Reinforcing Bars ( vertical ) As = Mu f d fy [ 1 - 0.59 ( r fy / f'c ) ] = 243.11 mm Asmin = 0.0018 b Tw mm < As = 540 Using 16 mm diameter bar;As16 = 200 mm S= 370.37 mm Use 200 mm on center each face Reinforcing Bars ( horizontal ) Asmin = 0.0025 b Tw mm < As = 750 Using 16 mm diameter bar;As16 = 200 mm S= 267 mm Use 200 mm on center each face Design of base Considering 1 meter strip of base 1.20

d= Tw = f'c = fy = r=

215 300 27.58 414 0.02136

mm mm MPa MPa

48.98 M = qa L2 / 12 L= 1.20 = 5.88 KN-m Mu = 1.7 M = 9.99 kN-m Required Depth ( d ) Mu d= f b Ru d= 39.35 mm < 215 mm ( SAFE ) Reinforcing Bars As = Mu m

f= b= Ru = Mu = d= Tb = f'c = fy = r=

0.90 1000 7.17 9.99 215 300 27.58 414 0.02136 mm MPa kN-m mm mm MPa MPa

f d fy [ 1 - 0.59 ( r fy / f'c ) ] = 153.82 mm Asmin = 0.0018 b Tb mm < As = 540 Using 16 mm diameter bar;As16 = 200 mm S= 370.37 mm Use 200 mm on center top & bottom bars bothways