FUTURE ELECTRICAL STEERING SYSTEM.

INTRODUCTION
In this project we will try to understand the detailed working of steering system, power steering system and the technical solutions and safety aspects of various electrical steering systems. We will show that for car manufacturers and end customers the use of new electrical steering systems offers many advantages concerning flexibility, enhancement of familiar steering functions and the introduction of innovative steering functions. New steering functions, which are even coupled with automatic steering interventions, call for an adaptation of regulations concerning the approval of steering equipment. Development and production of the next generations of electrical steering systems up to purely electrical steering systems create high safety demands on components and systems. Reliable and safe electrical steering systems can be realized by using appropriate safety techniques for these new systems and their components combined with the know-how of safety relevant vehicle systems.

STEERING SYSTEM.

STEERING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS

BASIC FUNCTIONS: Swinging the wheels to the left or right. Provides directional stability. Controlling wear and tear of tyres. Converts the rotary movement of the steering wheel into an angular turn of the front wheels. Absorbs a major part of the road shocks.

STEERING SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS.

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS: Multiply the turning effort. Irreversible; the shocks of the road surface encountered by the wheels should not be transmitted to the drivers hands. Self rightening effect i.e., when the driver releases the steering wheel after negotiating the turn, the wheel should try to achieve straight ahead position.

TYPES OF STEERING SYSTEM.

(A). FIFTH WHEEL STEERING SYSTEM.

(B) SIDE PIVOT STEERING SYSTEM. There are two types of steering gear mechanisms: Davis steering gear mechanism. Ackermann steering gear mechanism. main difference between the two 1. Davis steering has sliding pairs, whereas the Ackermann steering has only turning pairs. 2. The sliding pair has more friction than the turning pair; therefore the Davis steering gear will wear out earlier and become inaccurate after certain time.

 The Ackermann steering gear is not mathematically accurate except in three positions, contrary to the Davis steering gear which is mathematically correct in all positions. However, the Ackermann steering gear is preferred to the Davis steering gear.

DAVIS STEERING GEAR.

ACKERMANN STEERING GEAR.

COMPONENTS OF STEERING SYSTEM

1. Steering wheel

2. Steering column 3. Steering shaft 4. Steering gear 5. Steering linkage 6. Pitman arm 7. Ball joints 8. Drag link 9. Steering arm 10. Tie rod

TYPES OF STEERING GEAR.

Worm and wheel steering gear:

Recirculating ball type Steering Gear

 Rack and pinion steering mechanism

POWER STEERING

There are two kinds of power steering currently in use a) Integral power steering and b) Linkage booster power steering

ELECTRIC POWER STEERING SYSTEM

Electric power steering system combines a mechanical steering system

with an electronically controlled electric motor to a dry power steering. Torque sensor measures the steering wheel torque and an electronic control unit calculates the necessary servo torque. Depending on the necessary steering forces the electric motor engages by a worm gear at the steering column or at the pinion and for high forces directly at the rack by a ball-and-nut gear. Apart from about 80% lower energy consumption the omission of the hydraulic fluid increases the environmental compatibility.

FUTURE STEERING SYSTEMS

ESSENTIAL COMPONENETS OF ELECTRIC POWER

STEERING SYSTEM
Torque sensor
Electric motor Rotational angle sensor Controller Vehicle speed sensor Coupling between motor and steering mechanism

SYSTEM STRUCTURE OF ELECTRICAL POWER STEERING

SYSTEM STRUCTURE OF STEER-BY-WIRE SYSTEM WITH HYDRAULIC BACKUP

SYSTEM STRUCTURE OF THE PURELY ELECTRICAL STEER-

BY-WIRE SYSTEM

CONCLUSION
vehicle dynamic interventions
collision avoidance individual wheel steering automatic lateral guidance

The transition to purely electrical steering systems will proceed step by step, both for safety reasons and acceptance by the customer. The path will lead from electrical power steering via a steer-by-wire system with a hydraulic or mechanical backup towards purely electrical steer-by-wire systems