Linearne jednaine i nejednaine

A) 3 x = 9

9
x=
3
x=3

A)

4 x 6 + 3x = x

4 x + 3x x = 6
6x = 6
6
x=
6
x =1

1)

B) 6 = 7 x

1
1
x=
4
2
x 1
=
4 2
2x = 4

V)

6
7
6
x=
7
x=

4
2
x = 2
x=

y +1
= 0 / 2
2
y +1 = 0
y = 1

B)

1
1
A
AC
a 2 = a Pazi: C =
2
3
B
B

a
a
2=
2
3
a 2 a
= / 6
2 1 3
3a 12 = 2a
3a 2a = 12
a = 12

2) 0,5 0,2 x = 1 /10

5 2 x = 10
2 x = 10 5
2x = 5
x=

5
5
1
x = = 2
2
2
2

1 1
1 0,5 (2 x + 2) = 0,25 (1 x) + 2
3 4
5
25
1 9
1 ( 2 x + 2) =
(1 x) +
10
100
3 4
1
3
1
1 (2 x + 2) = (1 x) + / 4
4
4
2
1
1
3
4 4 (2 x + 2) = 4 (1 x) + 4
2
4
4
4 2(2 x + 2) = 1(1 x) + 3
4 4x 4 = 1 x + 3
4x = x + 4
4x + x = 4
3x = 4
x=

4
3

To jest x = 1

1
3

p 2 p +1 3
+
= / 4
2
4
1
2( p 2) + 1( p + 1) = 12
2 p 4 + p + 1 = 12
2 p + p = 12 + 4 1
3 p = 15
15
3
p=5
p=

x 7 1 3x 1 5 x + 1
+ =

/ 60
4
1
5
12
x7
3x 1
5x + 1
60
+ 60 = 60
60
4
5
12
15( x 7) + 60 = 12(3 x 1) 5(5 x + 1)
15 x 105 + 60 = 36 x 12 25 x 5
15 x 36 x + 25 x = 12 5 + 105 60
4 x = 28
28
4
x=7
x=

5( x 2)( x + 2) 6 = (3 x 5) 2 (2 x + 3) 2











 




Razlika kvadrata kvadrat binoma

) (

kvadrat binoma

5( x 4) 6 = (3 x) 2 3 x 5 + 5 (2 x) 2 + 2 2 x 3 + 32
2

5 x 20 6 = (9 x 30 x + 25) (4 x + 12 x + 9)
2

5 x 2 26 = 9 x 2 30 x + 25 4 x 2 12 x 9
5 x 2 9 x 2 + 30 x + 4 x 2 + 12 x = +25 9 + 26
42 x = 42
42
x=
42
x =1

(4 x 3) 2 = (5 4 x) 2 16
(4 x) 2 2 4 x 3 + 32 = 5 2 2 5 4 x + (4 x) 2 16
16 x 2 24 x + 9 = 25 40 x + 16 x 2 16
16 x 2 24 x + 40 x 16 x 2 = 25 16 9
16 x = 0
0
x=
16
x=0

(2 x) (3 x) (1 x) (5 x) = 0
(6 2 x 3 x + x 2 ) (5 1x 5 x + x 2 ) = 0
6 2 x 3x + x 2 5 + x + 5 x x 2 = 0
x = 6 + 5
x = 1
3

( x 1)( x + 1) ( x + 1) 2 = 5 4 x
x 2 1 ( x 2 + 2 x + 1) = 5 4 x
x2 1 x2 2x 1 = 5 4x
2x + 4x = 5 + 1+ 1
2x = 7
x=

7
2

A) (3 x 1)( x + 1) = 0
Da se podsetimo: A B = 0 A = 0 ili B = 0

3x 1
Dakle: 3 x = 1 ili

x=

1
3

x +1
x = 1

B) 4( x + 1)( x 2)( x 3) = 0

x +1
x2
ili
x = 1
x=2

A)

ili

x3
x=3

x(2 x 3) 5(2 x 3) =
Zajedniki (ide ispred zagrade)

= (2 x 3)( x 5)

B)

x(2 x 3) 5(2 x 3) = 0
(2 x 3)( x 5) = 0
2 x 3 = 0 ili x 5 = 0
2x = 3
x=5
3
x=
2
4

Neka je X traeni broj

11 + x 2
= Mnoimo unakrsno
14 x 3
3(11 + x) = 2(14 x)
33 + 3 x = 28 2 x
3 x + 2 x = 28 33
5 x = 5
5
5
x = 1
x=

Neka je X- traeni broj

x x x
+ + = x + 1 / 30
2 3 5
+ 10
15
6 x = 30 x + 30
x


x
+



31x 30 x = 30
x = 30

Uzastopne prirodne brojeve moemo obeleiti sa n, n + 1, n + 2, n + 3

Dakle:

n + n + 1 + n + 2 + n + 3 = 1014
4n + 6 = 1014
4n = 1014 6
4n = 1008
1008
4
n = 252 Traeni brojevi su: 252,253,254,255

n=

Neka je X-broj uenika. Ako su u odeljenju

3
4
uenika devojice, to nam govori da su uenika deaci.
7
7

3
4
x + 4 = x / 7
7
7
3 x + 28 = 4 x
3 x 4 x = 28
x = 28 / (1)
x = 28

Neka je X-broj godina koji prodje:

Majka

27

27+x

Sin

3+x

sad

Posle x godina

5(3 + x) = 27 + x
15 + 5 x = 27 + x
5 x x = 27 15
Dakle:

4 x = 12
12
4
x=3
x=

Da proverimo:
Kroz 3 godine majka ima 27+3=30 godina a sin 3+3=6 godina. Tad je majka 5 puta starija od sina jer je

6 5 = 30

350 m

2
puta
5

1
2

puta

Neka je X duina celog puta.

Razmiljamo: Na koji deo puta se odnosi 350m?
6

2 1 4+5 9
9
1
+ =
= 1 =
5 2
10
10
10 10
1
Dakle, 350m se odnosi na
puta
10
1
x = 350
10
x = 350 10

x = 3500m

Primena pitagorine teoreme:

2

a
2
2
+ ha = b
2
2

2
12
2
2
+ ha = ha + 2
2

36 + ha = ha + 4ha + 4
2

4ha + 4 = 36
4ha = 36 4
4ha = 32
32
4
ha = 8cm
ha =

a = 7cm
b = c 1
___________

c=?
a2 + b2 = c2
7 2 + (c 1) 2 = c 2
49 + c 2 2c + 1 = c 2
2c = 49 1
2c = 50
c = 50
50
c=
2
c = 25cm
7

Stari obim je O = 2a + 2b
Novi obim je O1 = 2a1 + 2b1

O1 = 2a1 + 2b1 = 62
2(b + 5) + 2(b + 2) = 62
2b + 10 + 2b + 4 = 62
4b = 62 10 4
4b = 48
b = 12cm a = 12 + 3 = 15
a = 15cm

Nejednaine

A) 3 x < 4

x<

B)

6 > 2x

V)

1
1
x
2
4
1 1
x / 4
2 4
2x 1

2 x > 6
6
x<
2
x<3

4
3

4
3

4
x (, )
3

x (,3)

1
2

1
2
1
x [ 2 )

a <4
4 < a < 4 a { 3,2,1,0,1,2,3}

-3

-4

-2

-1

A)

5x 2 < 2x + 1
5x 2x < 1 + 2
3x < 3
3
x<
3
x <1

x (,1)

B)

0,6 x 0,4 > 0,5 x 0,2 /10

6x 4 > 5x 2
6 x 5 x > 2 + 4
1x > 2
x>2

x (2, )

y+5
5
5 y y+5

/ 5 pazi na - ispred zagrade
1 1
5

5 y

25 5 y ( y + 5)
25 5 y y 5
5 y + y 5 25
4 y 30
30
y
4
15
y+
2
1
y7
2

1
2

1
y [7 , )
2

A)

0,8 0,8 ( x 5) 0, 2 / 10

8 8 ( x 5) 2
8 8 x + 40 2
6

8 x 2 8 40

1
4

1
x (, 6 ]
4

8 x 50
x

50
25
1
x+ x6
8
4
4

B)

1 p
< 0 / 3
3
1 p < 0
p < 1 /( 1)
p >1

p (1, )

10

x 1 x 1+ x x 2

>
+
/ 24
6
4
3
24
4 x 6(1 x) > 8(1 + x) + 1( x 2)
4x 6 + 6x > 8 + 8x + x 2
4 x + 6 x 8x x > 8 2 + 6
x > 12
x (12, )

12

x6 x
3+ x
3+
/ 12
3
2
4
12 + 4( x 6) 6 x 36 + 3(3 + x)
1+

12 + 4 x 24 6 x 36 + 9 + 3 x
4 x 6 x 3 x 36 + 9 12 + 24
5 x 57
57
5
2
x 11
5
x

2
x [11 , )
5

2
11
5

3 < 2 x + 5 < 17
Ovde moramo reavati dve nejednaine:

3 < 2 x + 5

2 x < 17

2 x5 3

2 x < 17 5

2x < 2
2
x<
2
x <1

2 x < 12
12
x>
2
x > 6

Spojimo

reenja

6 < x < 1 x (6,1)

-6

x (6,1)

11

Najpre reimo datu nejednainu:

( x 1)2 ( x + 1) 2 < 10 x
( x 2 2 x + 1) ( x 2 + 2 x + 1) < 10 x
x 2 2 x + 1 x 2 2 x 1 < 10 x
4 x < 10 x
4 x + x < 10
3 x < 10
10
3
1
x > +3
3
x>

Najmanji prirodni broj je x = 4

1
3

1
x (3 , )
3

ta znai da je neki izraz pozitivan?

Pa to znai da mora biti vei od nule.
Dakle:

(3 x + 1) ( x 2) 3 ( x + 1) 2 > 0
(3 x 2 6 x + x 2) 3 ( x 2 + 2 x + 1) > 0
3x 2 6 x + x 2 3x 2 6 x 3 > 0
6 x + x 6 x > 2 + 3
11x > 5
x<

5
11
x (,

5
11

5
)
11

12

Kada kaemo da neki izraz nije vei to znai da je manji ili je jednak ()
Dakle:

x+5 4 x

2 / 8
8
2
1 ( x + 5) 4(4 x) 16
x + 5 16 + 4 x 16
x + 4 x 16 5 + 16
5 x 5
5
5
x 1
x

x (, 1]
-1

13