Part 1 -

Histology
Methods
• Fixation
• Embedding
• Staining
• Imaging
H&E
• Haematoxylin - basophilic (acid) will
stain blue (think nucleic acid)
• Eosin - eosinophilic stains pink
• PAS colors glycoproteins bright pink
(often just labelled h&e, but…
• trichromes generally stain
collagen blue/green, muscle red
• Wright’s for blood
• Orcein or Weigert’s for elastin
• Silver for reticular fibers, nerves

• Probably higher-yield to remember just a few

important ones and what they’re for than all
the names…
• Weird ones
• Blue Histology:
http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/
• Histology lecture videos:
http://www.ihcworld.com/video/histology-video.htm
• Histology world:
http://www.histology-world.com/
• UPEI Histology course pdfs:
https://moodle.upei.ca/course/view.php?id=3
• Bergman’s book online:
http://www.anatomyatlases.org/MicroscopicAnatom
Embryology
• gametogenesis
Problems with gametogenesis
• Mitotic failure
• Meiotic failure
• Aneuploidy, trisomy, monosomy,
deletions, etc.
• Always a question on meiosis
spermatogenesis
 oogenesis
2 million primary
oocytes at birth
0.5 million
oocytes at
puberty
≥500 ovulated
 Problems with gamete
delivery
• Sucky sperm
• Gnrh/LH/etc. problem; PCOS
• Oocyte misses infundibulum
• Birth control
or
• Acrosome reaction
• Cortical reaction
• Problems - polyspermy
• 8c morula compacts
• In/out determined at 16c.
• Blastocyst formation
• Zona hatches
• EPF
• Implantation
• Invasion by erosive syncytiotrophoblast
• Implanted by end of 1st week
• hCG (signals CL) & some progesterone
• “morning after pill”

Excellent tutorial at:

http://sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca/embryology/earlydev
Continued on Friday after
lecture….
 In/out

CDX2 CDX2 CDX2

YAP1 YAP1 YAP1

above, 8-cell uncompacted; above, ~16c. Morula, projection

below, ~16c. morulae
below, blastocyst ~32c.

above, compacted 8c.

morula and ~16c. CDX2
morula YAP1
CDX2
YAP1
Cadherin
Patrick Bovino for
President! _