Belle Johnston 11/19/13 3rd period Mrs.

Oefinger

PHOTOSYNTHESIS SUMMATIVE PROJECT

PROBLEM: How does doubling the amount of carbon dioxide from .5g of bisodium carbonate dissolved in 100mL of water to 1g. Dissolved in 100mL of water affect the rate of photosynthesis in elodea? HYPOTHESIS: If carbon dioxide (by doubling baking soda) is increased, then the rate of photosynthesis will increase by 30% THEORY: Photosynthesis is when plants and use energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars. The first stage of photosynthesis is when the plant captures the suns energy, to produce sugars. Then the water from the soil moves up through the plants stems to the leaves. Carbon dioxide enters through the stomata. Then the water and carbon dioxide move into the chloroplasts, making photosynthesis. The reactants for photosynthesis are CO2, H2O, sunlight, and the products are O2, and sugar (glucose). If you add a larger amount of bisodium, which when added to water produces carbon dioxide, will speed up the process of photosynthesis because CO2 is a reactant of photosynthesis. Based on 2012s data, their previous results were when adding bisodium then the rate of photosynthesis will increase by an average of 30%. 1. Measure and cut at an angle elodea 7 to 9 cm. 2. Remove a few leaves from end of stem and slightly crush end of stem. 3. Measure mass in grams and record. 4. Put elodea stem side up in a test tube. 5. Fill test tube with water and baking soda solution (1 gram to 100 mL of water).

6. Put tube in rack and adjust lamp with blue light 5 cm from top of test tube. 7. Put lamp on one textbook. 8. Turn on lamp and wait 1 minute. 9. After 1 minute, begin counting small, medium and large bubbles for 3 minutes. Record data. 10. Repeat with .5 grams and 100mL of water. 10. Repeat for Trial 2 DATA/OBSERVATIONS:
Trial 1 ___grams
Small x 1 CO2 1 gram 11x1=11

Oxygen Produced in 3 minutes at 5 and 10 cm

Medium x 2 0x2=0 Large x 3 0x3=0 Total 11

.5 gram

5x1=5

2x2=4

0x3=0

Notes: Trial 2 _____grams

Small x 1 CO2 1 gram .5 gram 7x1=7 5x1=5

Oxygen produced in 3 minutes at 5 and 10 cm

Medium x 2 0x2=0 0x2=0 Large x 3 0x3=0 0x3=0 Total 7 5

Averages
Trial 1 Trail 2 Total/2 Average .5 9 5 14 7 1 11 7 18 9

2013 AVERAGE DATA IN 3 MINUTES FROM 5 DIFFERENT CLASSES Baking Soda

.5g CLASS PERIOD AVERAGES 1g % Oxygen Decrease/Increase

1 2 3 4 6 7 TOTAL/5 AVERAGE

108 69 33.7 23.7 26.3 3.8 264.5/6 44.1

139 47 26.5 14.3 36.3 72.8 335.9/6 56

22.3% increase 31.8% decrease 21.3% decrease 39.6% decrease 27.5% increase 94.7% increase 21.25% increase

Average Data for Baking Soda

Amount of O2 Bubbles Produced in Three Minuetes 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Group 1 Period 3 All Classes 7 9 33.7 26.5 .5 grams .1 grams 44.1 56

CONCLUSION: In this lab, we tested by taking two test tubes and filling them both with 100ml of water and adding to one test tube .5g of bisodium and in the other 1g of bisodium, too see if the rate of photosynthesis will affect the elodea. I hypothesized that if carbon dioxide (by doubling baking soda) is increased, then the rate of photosynthesis will increase by 30%. In our group there was a decrease of 22.2%. from 1g to .5g. Period 3s was a 21.3% decrease from 1g to .5g. The average for the 7th grade was a 21% increase from .5g to 1g. In conclusion, my hypothesis was correct about 66% of the time. ANYLASIS: Looking at the grade level data, there were inconsistencies between the groups in carbon dioxide. Period 2,3,and 4 all had higher rates of photosynthesis when there was only .5 g of carbon dioxide in the water. That means that 50% of the classes had more O2 with 1g of bisodium mixed with the 100ml of water. Over the average of the 6 classes, the average oxygen bubbles for 1g is 20% higher than with .5g. Period 7 was an outlier to all of the other classes. Period 7 had an average of 94% increase in oxygen bubbles from .5g to 1g. This increase is much higher than

all of the other classes. Removing period 7s data, .5g becomes an average of 52.1 bubbles instead of 44.1 bubbles, and the 1g become 52.6 bubbles instead of 56. These are many inconsistencies between the data. There are many causes that might have occurred in this experiment to cause inconsistencies. What could have caused these inconsistencies could be that the light could have been positioned differently in the different experiments. Also what could of caused these inconsistencies is that some of the groups may not of crushed the top of the elodea stem. Some groups may have counted the bubbles from the leaves and not the stem, this could have been a problem because some groups may of counted more bubbles than others. Therefore these experiments are not always reliable. There are many ways that could improve this experiment. One of the many reasons that this could of happened is that some of the groups could of adjusted the lamp farther away or closer to the test tube. This is a problem because if some of the groups put their lamp closer to the test tube, it would create bubbles faster, but it would be not accurate data, and if the lamp was adjusted farther away from the test tube, it would slow down the process of photosynthesis, and take longer for the bubbles to form, and this is also not accurate data. To solve this problem, each group should work at the same lamp and double check to see if the lamp is 5cm away from the test tube. Another way to improve this experiment is making sure to put the elodea in the tube not too far into the test tube but not too close to the top of the test tube. To solve this problem, each group should have a ruler and make sure the elodea is 5cm in the test tube. These are ways to improve the experiment. Coolidge-Stolz M.D., Elizabeth, et al. Focus On Life Science. Boston, Mass: Prentice Hall, 2008. Washington State Department of Ecology. American Waterweed- A Common Native Plant. February 24, 2003. November 2013. <http://www.ecy.wa.gov/Programs/wq/plants/native/elodea.html> Young, Paul. The Botany Coloring Book. Cambridge, New York: Harper and Row, 1982.