Carbohidratos

Introduccin
Monosacridos Oligosacridos Polisacridos

Carbohidratos
Celulosa
n

ELMER VASQUEZ EGOAVIL

Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Peruana los Andes

Carbohidratos
Introduccin
Monosacridos Oligosacridos Polisacridos

Introduccin

Que es un carbohidrato?
Son polihidroxi aldehdos o cetonas o compuestos que conducen a ellos por hidrlisis y sus derivados.

Se denominan Hidratos de carbono por responder muchos de ellos a la formula emprica:

C (H2O)n

Introduccin

Que es un carbohidrato?
Se producen en la fotosntesis. Las plantas verdes contienen clorofila que capta de la luz solar la energa necesaria para realizar el proceso:

6 CO2

+ H2 O

C6(H2O)6 + 6 O2

Introduccin

Como se clasifican?
C a r b o h i d r a t o s

Monosacridos Azcares Oligosacridos

Aldosas

Cetosas
-2
-3 -4

Di
Tri tetr

Polisacridos

-5
-6

pent
Hex

- 7 Hept

Introduccin

Para qu sirven?
-

Como principios inmediatos son soportes de la vida Alimento

Cultura Alcohol

- Proporcionan:

Casa
Vestido

Higiene
Comodidad Furfural Conserva Celulosa

Medicina
Decoracin Polesteres Farmacia Bebidas

- Muchas aplicaciones en la industria Qumica

Polmeros Sintesis

Quiral

Carbohidratos
Introduccin
Monosacridos Oligosacridos Polisacridos

Monosacridos

Estructura
Reacciones y derivados

Aislamiento y anlisis

Monosacridos

Estructura
Aldosas
Cetosas

Estructura cclica

Monosacridos

Estructura

Aldosas
Tres carbonos: Aldotriosas
CHO CHO

OH

HO

CH2 OH

CH2 OH

D (+)
Gliceraldhido

L (-)

currentpoint 19

Monosacridos

Estructura

Aldosas
Cuatro carbonos: Aldotetrosas

4370 1796 4552 1952 4352 4513 4214 2095 1822 3122 1 d 20 DSt dL 1 59 1952 [14 [12 1345 2047 2086 1878 1904 2736 2756 2580 2606 1033 50 II 1345 3122 40 2464 4370 1427 4921 1952 4352 4882 3845 1453 3122 80 1952 3425 40 2580 1714] 2416] 2455] 1878] 1904] 3105] 3125] 2580] 2606] 3425] 20 1714] DSt DSt c hemdict gr [13 [0 II 1453 begin 1952 2606 1714 211 /bs[[1 [1 ]d 2606 gr SP end 1 120 2 gs 4370 1796 4552 1952 4352 4513 4214 2095 1822 3122 DSt DS DSt dL 1 1952 t 54 [14 Db [1 [12 1345 2047 2086 1878 1904 2736 2756 2580 2606 1033 50 II I 1345 4370 3122 40 2464 4370 1427 4921 1952 4352 4882 3845 1453 3122 80 1952 1714 3425 40 2580 1714] 2416] 2455] 1878] 1904] 3105] 3125] 2580] 2606] 3425] 20 1714] DSt DSt DSt chemdict [2 gr [13 I [0 1952 II 1453 begin 1952 2416 2606 1714 SPDSt DSt DSt [3 Db I[1 4370 I 43

m A OrA{py grestore 2 lt{1 cY v ransform l 6 A}{cw emDraw pyRight ict/chemdict } 9.6 s p -2 mv 180 m -1 px cm 2 a} exec}{al dv 0 gr}{pp} dp c sm {sqrt m s{dp dv HA}{ g mv dv rO dp b/PT{ dv x -.6 s py exec -1 12 neg WI b2 0 neg c sm CA lp s np w 0 t n py mv LB p 1.2 p sc bd at neg -9.6 a}{ gr 5 dL F e p px 1 s mv p L/gs/gs e 1986, OA}{1 arcn l8 t {gs Laser p clip} L/xl/translate n 2 m gs neg}if/py l 0 5 cp aL p mv pp np gr p 2.25 ex OB ex at l s o p m 1 16.8 0 -1 mv t}b/HA{lW sl wy px mv 1 145 fill 0 12 lp 8 gs 90 l ro st}{0 n ac py counttomark{ n/ex np b/Ct{bs 3.375 sg bW r 1987, 1 aR ix Prep dp py ave ac bd SA w -1 0.6 0.3 dv gr px OB/bL ro sc 8 cv px rad dic fill 1 x aL m1 p 0 s n x end}b/Db{bs{dp DLB neg dp L/ie/ifels eq{DD} DA}{dL 0 x at c -9.6 1.2 py 1 t8 l py ne{bW gr SA p ey Cambridge 0 m p bd put dp 120 px s rot mt -1 m l}for L/S rad c rO mv x e c 2 m/w n/ey p 180 DA}{cw -1 p 0 21.6 m b1 py 1 cpt bW chemdict dv ro g lCA ac {sf 0 lt{-1 180 p 0 -.6 ac 0 -1 sm bs {DS}ie e s a}ie}b/WW{gs a}ie}b/BW{ 2 dp tr/dy aA 0 1.5 x l 12 x xl py t0 px L/ix/index -8 cp OA}{1 sc 8 m}b/dA{[3 dv} p 2.2 e dx gr} py rot np 6 st} m ne{bW s s 0 1 g Scientific p 3 SA py 24.6 c DLB -1 cm 180 n/dx lp 360 sc x/dx {bd} {gs 16 {Asc 5 0 a 2 l -1 g p neg begin/version 5 px s r m 0 gs DA}{ 4 ac mv type[]type neg}if/px qrt sm r 0 -1 s -4.8 -1 % us L/gr/grestore L/tr/transform xl pp l SA RA}{6 st}b/OrA{ -8 py np gs fill e o cp a w dp 0 In x 5 p arc gi 12 arc gs sl py s e ie x w 0 1 o 2 180 0 2 0 y cw py 1 g bW dp/cY -1 LB mv erdic dp 0.6 wD L/l/lineto r ChemDraw CopyRight s 8 p dp al 3 neg cm dy rO 2.25 fill pp} 0 pA -1 m2 gr ac CB dv/bd w py 0.5 OB DA}{cw ix o p c dv 1 2 t}{ 0 p 2 dL S]}b/dL{ gs Computing, 1 25.8 r -9.6 l lt{1 2 lW pp F p s gs -2 mv 90 180 m rev{ 6 -1 w px c l eq{DB}{ 2 a}b/PT{8 n/dy 16 2.2 w exec}{ dv 0 gr}{pp}{gs ac r lp dp c begin sm {sqrt CB e m dv s{dp 0 t/chemdict m w s 1 px HA} g mv -1 dv D e SA rO o dp g 0.5 x dv 2 -.6 xl}{xl CA sc rO py x s px 0 SA -1 neg exec 12 eq{dp b2 WI 0 x}if cv neg sm -2 s cW p lp CA neg} cX g py s np m dv fill c 0 1 r begin np[{py w x 23 16 0 t py n p e mv LB L/mt/matrix {dL DA} 1.2 fill s lp l p np bd 0 s at neg -9.6 dv a} bs OA}{1 -1.6 gr DA}{2.25 F dp lx 5 cm al e c g p px 0 1 st L/gs mv w dA gr etgray ne arc 1986, arcn OA}{ a l np mv def/b{bind 0 1 ac p clip}b/Ct{bs Laser L/xl/trans if m {ex n 2 gs neg}if/py DS fill l pp 0 gr 5 c bW aL p mv y pp ly e np rlineto 1 gr p 0 p cm 1 2.25 {cw OB bs at ex l st} o p Inc. m s dp p 1 0 -1 16.8 g/w mv w 27 px sl w gs o mv /gs 0 c}b/Ov{OrA p g m 145 1 cm l }ie rO ac gr pp}ifelse fill c 16 0 12 lp 8 gs cY 90 l ro st}{0 n mv ac py 0 counttomark{bs x w e n/ex np b/HA{lW 0 y 1 n py m 3.375 l 2 s r bW 0 1987, 1 clippath -1 aR ix st 1.6 cm lp Prep py ave dp g ac p m 5 cm WI bd b gs at ne{bW w SA ac -1 0.6 p 0.3 dv pp}{2 gr div px OB/bL eq{gs ro s 2 3 sc 8 ne px cv sm cp rad dict mv px 1 2 gr}b/OB{/bS x m s fill x lmt st}{As SA aL m lW p 0 L/mv/moveto m1 c cm late sc n x end} 0 sm 27 DLB 1 neg 0 dp L/ie/ifelse eq{DD}{DS} DA}{ sm p 4 bs x or{4 at dup py 1.2 -9.6 1 def}bind st fill}b/SA{aF s l 270 8 py py S p ey ne{bW gr 0 Cambridge w e p bL l m gi bd put ro dp t} px OA} 120 sc m 4.8 mt A -1 rot 1 m s e gr 1.5 st cp l}for L/S{s 0 dp rad 4 p rO st}]e fill l mv x p 2 e cm {px m rO b/Db{bs{ n/ey m/w al p 180 2 g/bb 1 tr DA}{ -1 0 put p 21.6 bd py 0 gi l 1 AA}{1 c b1 gr py 1 ZLB cpt dL bW chemdict l dv dv/bd ro g fill 1 25.8 cp CA st S pp ac 0 {1.5 SA lt{-1 rad wy r p 180 0 gs px ac -.6 0 -1 s al bs 4 0.4 lW rO g cpt st a}ie} 0 4 dp 2 lt{pp dv p m setgray 1.5 tr/dy aA 0 x gr l f 12 39 x end xl py cm def/L{load px x o 0 L/ix/index pp -8 m -1 1 cp px OA}{1 DA}{ sc 0 8 gs ap m} cw s 1 dv}{bd}ie p a/py 2.2 e dx gr}{gs py rot w np st}{As 6 cv ac x wb o SA etdash}d/c 2 m ne{ np dp sc s e eq{dL} x} s 0 1 px r} Sc g p 3 dv SA -1 py L/m/mul 24.6 c DT}]o -1 s m 3 DLB -1 cm 0.5 gr}b/In{px xl mv p py dv ie b/dA{[3 dp b/WW{ b/BW{w 180 at g n/dx lp s 360 x/dx 2 16 5 a 0 g m}b/CB{np[{[{ 2 l cp -1 8 if p neg 0 -0.4 sc c ientific bW ix begin/version 4 l OA}{1 sc py x 5 px round sc exec 4 lW sqrt r S}if/lp m 270 0 ro}ie} gs DA}{dL 4 24.6 ac mv Bd 1 rad px a pp type[]type 0 neg}if/px s r g/cX 0 1 sg wx -1 st}{1.0 s 3 cm -4.8 -1 c arc p m lW gi gs 12 180 arc 1 lp s ZLB py e x 0 1 o 2 m/aL if 180 -0.4 0 ix gr}b/w 0 pp l mv LB fill 0.6 L/l/lineto 0 r nH w CA dp 3 neg r sc 0 al def}b/d/def st}{0 gr}ie} dy rO ac p 2.25 0 CB gs a/px dv/bd w 6 9.6 py 0.5 OB currentmatrix rO L/n/neg -2 0 p 2 S]}b/dL{dA xl D gs 2 3 g R b/AA{ 360 Computing, 1 25.8 AA}{ x o/cX ap SA n lW pp x F gs 4 gr 90 gs rev{neg}if 6 w cw l eq{DB}{D o 1 -1 g n/dy 16 px 2.2 w s DA}{ ac 12 r lp 3 dv w begin CB e p ac px dx 1 lp x m s gi 21.6 c Ac}{0.5 -1 s l o exec} e D SA x cm o 2 g 0.5 -1 xl} 1 b OA}{1 CA rO D x py {nH l arc r sg aL sc b/Cr{0 px 0 SA py LB e eq{ 0 x}if d/w al cv -2 p s lt{e}if cW px c p gs w fill 0 ne{ dv m 1 r begin s/wx sg x np 5 np[{p n x 23 16 18 r X p e DA}{ {xl L/mt/ mv l s pp L/np lp fill sm 180 p np -1 sg CS}{ 1 dp/c 0 g/cY setgr 9.6 2 dv bs gs OA} 2 cm -1.6 s e DA} dp cX 0 lx cm gr mv F w fill dv ne rad arc py b/C a np aR mv l dv 0 def 1 dic ac 3 n m L/ 0 sc fi D pp gr bW c y 1 rO ly e s rl 1 x 1 0 p b c C

Enantimeros
CHO CHO CHO

Enantimeros
CHO

OH

HO

HO

OH

OH

HO

OH

HO

CH2 OH

CH2 OH

2 OH currentpointCH 192837465

CH2 OH

currentpo

D-eritrosa

L-eritrosa

D-treosa

L-treosa

DIASTEROISOMEROS

Monosacridos

Estructura

Aldosas
Cuatro carbonos: Aldotetrosas
D-gliceraldehido
CHO

4370 1796 4552 1952 4352 4513 4214 2095 1822 3122 1 d 20 DSt dL 1 59 1952 [14 [12 1345 2047 2086 1878 1904 2736 2756 2580 2606 1033 50 II 1345 3122 40 2464 4370 1427 4921 1952 4352 4882 3845 1453 3122 80 1952 3425 40 2580 1714] 2416] 2455] 1878] 1904] 3105] 3125] 2580] 2606] 3425] 20 1714] DSt DSt c hemdict gr [13 [0 II 1453 begin 1952 2606 1714 211 /bs[[1 [1 ]d 2606 gr SP end 1 120 2 gs 4370 1796 4552 1952 4352 4513 4214 2095 1822 3122 DSt DS DSt dL 1 1952 t 54 [14 Db [1 [12 1345 2047 2086 1878 1904 2736 2756 2580 2606 1033 50 II I 1345 4370 3122 40 2464 4370 1427 4921 1952 4352 4882 3845 1453 3122 80 1952 1714 3425 40 2580 1714] 2416] 2455] 1878] 1904] 3105] 3125] 2580] 2606] 3425] 20 1714] DSt DSt DSt chemdict [2 gr [13 I [0 1952 II 1453 begin 1952 2416 2606 1714 SPDSt DSt DSt [3 Db I[1 4370 I 43

m A OrA{py grestore 2 lt{1 cY v ransform l 6 A}{cw emDraw pyRight ict/chemdict } 9.6 s p -2 mv 180 m -1 px cm 2 a} exec}{al dv 0 gr}{pp} dp c sm {sqrt m s{dp dv HA}{ g mv dv rO dp b/PT{ dv x -.6 s py exec -1 12 neg WI b2 0 neg c sm CA lp s np w 0 t n py mv LB p 1.2 p sc bd at neg -9.6 a}{ gr 5 dL F e p px 1 s mv p L/gs/gs e 1986, OA}{1 arcn l8 t {gs Laser p clip} L/xl/translate n 2 m gs neg}if/py l 0 5 cp aL p mv pp np gr p 2.25 ex OB ex at l s o p m 1 16.8 0 -1 mv t}b/HA{lW sl wy px mv 1 145 fill 0 12 lp 8 gs 90 l ro st}{0 n ac py counttomark{ n/ex np b/Ct{bs 3.375 sg bW r 1987, 1 aR ix Prep dp py ave ac bd SA w -1 0.6 0.3 dv gr px OB/bL ro sc 8 cv px rad dic fill 1 x aL m1 p 0 s n x end}b/Db{bs{dp DLB neg dp L/ie/ifels eq{DD} DA}{dL 0 x at c -9.6 1.2 py 1 t8 l py ne{bW gr SA p ey Cambridge 0 m p bd put dp 120 px s rot mt -1 m l}for L/S rad c rO mv x e c 2 m/w n/ey p 180 DA}{cw -1 p 0 21.6 m b1 py 1 cpt bW chemdict dv ro g lCA ac {sf 0 lt{-1 180 p 0 -.6 ac 0 -1 sm bs {DS}ie e s a}ie}b/WW{gs a}ie}b/BW{ 2 dp tr/dy aA 0 1.5 x l 12 x xl py t0 px L/ix/index -8 cp OA}{1 sc 8 m}b/dA{[3 dv} p 2.2 e dx gr} py rot np 6 st} m ne{bW s s 0 1 g Scientific p 3 SA py 24.6 c DLB -1 cm 180 n/dx lp 360 sc x/dx {bd} {gs 16 {Asc 5 0 a 2 l -1 g p neg begin/version 5 px s r m 0 gs DA}{ 4 ac mv type[]type neg}if/px qrt sm r 0 -1 s -4.8 -1 % us L/gr/grestore L/tr/transform xl pp l SA RA}{6 st}b/OrA{ -8 py np gs fill e o cp a w dp 0 In x 5 p arc gi 12 arc gs sl py s e ie x w 0 1 o 2 180 0 2 0 y cw py 1 g bW dp/cY -1 LB mv erdic dp 0.6 wD L/l/lineto r ChemDraw CopyRight s 8 p dp al 3 neg cm dy rO 2.25 fill pp} 0 pA -1 m2 gr ac CB dv/bd w py 0.5 OB DA}{cw ix o p c dv 1 2 t}{ 0 p 2 dL S]}b/dL{ gs Computing, 1 25.8 r -9.6 l lt{1 2 lW pp F p s gs -2 mv 90 180 m rev{ 6 -1 w px c l eq{DB}{ 2 a}b/PT{8 n/dy 16 2.2 w exec}{ dv 0 gr}{pp}{gs ac r lp dp c begin sm {sqrt CB e m dv s{dp 0 t/chemdict m w s 1 px HA} g mv -1 dv D e SA rO o dp g 0.5 x dv 2 -.6 xl}{xl CA sc rO py x s px 0 SA -1 neg exec 12 eq{dp b2 WI 0 x}if cv neg sm -2 s cW p lp CA neg} cX g py s np m dv fill c 0 1 r begin np[{py w x 23 16 0 t py n p e mv LB L/mt/matrix {dL DA} 1.2 fill s lp l p np bd 0 s at neg -9.6 dv a} bs OA}{1 -1.6 gr DA}{2.25 F dp lx 5 cm al e c g p px 0 1 st L/gs mv w dA gr etgray ne arc 1986, arcn OA}{ a l np mv def/b{bind 0 1 ac p clip}b/Ct{bs Laser L/xl/trans if m {ex n 2 gs neg}if/py DS fill l pp 0 gr 5 c bW aL p mv y pp ly e np rlineto 1 gr p 0 p cm 1 2.25 {cw OB bs at ex l st} o p Inc. m s dp p 1 0 -1 16.8 g/w mv w 27 px sl w gs o mv /gs 0 c}b/Ov{OrA p g m 145 1 cm l }ie rO ac gr pp}ifelse fill c 16 0 12 lp 8 gs cY 90 l ro st}{0 n mv ac py 0 counttomark{bs x w e n/ex np b/HA{lW 0 y 1 n py m 3.375 l 2 s r bW 0 1987, 1 clippath -1 aR ix st 1.6 cm lp Prep py ave dp g ac p m 5 cm WI bd b gs at ne{bW w SA ac -1 0.6 p 0.3 dv pp}{2 gr div px OB/bL eq{gs ro s 2 3 sc 8 ne px cv sm cp rad dict mv px 1 2 gr}b/OB{/bS x m s fill x lmt st}{As SA aL m lW p 0 L/mv/moveto m1 c cm late sc n x end} 0 sm 27 DLB 1 neg 0 dp L/ie/ifelse eq{DD}{DS} DA}{ sm p 4 bs x or{4 at dup py 1.2 -9.6 1 def}bind st fill}b/SA{aF s l 270 8 py py S p ey ne{bW gr 0 Cambridge w e p bL l m gi bd put ro dp t} px OA} 120 sc m 4.8 mt A -1 rot 1 m s e gr 1.5 st cp l}for L/S{s 0 dp rad 4 p rO st}]e fill l mv x p 2 e cm {px m rO b/Db{bs{ n/ey m/w al p 180 2 g/bb 1 tr DA}{ -1 0 put p 21.6 bd py 0 gi l 1 AA}{1 c b1 gr py 1 ZLB cpt dL bW chemdict l dv dv/bd ro g fill 1 25.8 cp CA st S pp ac 0 {1.5 SA lt{-1 rad wy r p 180 0 gs px ac -.6 0 -1 s al bs 4 0.4 lW rO g cpt st a}ie} 0 4 dp 2 lt{pp dv p m setgray 1.5 tr/dy aA 0 x gr l f 12 39 x end xl py cm def/L{load px x o 0 L/ix/index pp -8 m -1 1 cp px OA}{1 DA}{ sc 0 8 gs ap m} cw s 1 dv}{bd}ie p a/py 2.2 e dx gr}{gs py rot w np st}{As 6 cv ac x wb o SA etdash}d/c 2 m ne{ np dp sc s e eq{dL} x} s 0 1 px r} Sc g p 3 dv SA -1 py L/m/mul 24.6 c DT}]o -1 s m 3 DLB -1 cm 0.5 gr}b/In{px xl mv p py dv ie b/dA{[3 dp b/WW{ b/BW{w 180 at g n/dx lp s 360 x/dx 2 16 5 a 0 g m}b/CB{np[{[{ 2 l cp -1 8 if p neg 0 -0.4 sc c ientific bW ix begin/version 4 l OA}{1 sc py x 5 px round sc exec 4 lW sqrt r S}if/lp m 270 0 ro}ie} gs DA}{dL 4 24.6 ac mv Bd 1 rad px a pp type[]type 0 neg}if/px s r g/cX 0 1 sg wx -1 st}{1.0 s 3 cm -4.8 -1 c arc p m lW gi gs 12 180 arc 1 lp s ZLB py e x 0 1 o 2 m/aL if 180 -0.4 0 ix gr}b/w 0 pp l mv LB fill 0.6 L/l/lineto 0 r nH w CA dp 3 neg r sc 0 al def}b/d/def st}{0 gr}ie} dy rO ac p 2.25 0 CB gs a/px dv/bd w 6 9.6 py 0.5 OB currentmatrix rO L/n/neg -2 0 p 2 S]}b/dL{dA xl D gs 2 3 g R b/AA{ 360 Computing, 1 25.8 AA}{ x o/cX ap SA n lW pp x F gs 4 gr 90 gs rev{neg}if 6 w cw l eq{DB}{D o 1 -1 g n/dy 16 px 2.2 w s DA}{ ac 12 r lp 3 dv w begin CB e p ac px dx 1 lp x m s gi 21.6 c Ac}{0.5 -1 s l o exec} e D SA x cm o 2 g 0.5 -1 xl} 1 b OA}{1 CA rO D x py {nH l arc r sg aL sc b/Cr{0 px 0 SA py LB e eq{ 0 x}if d/w al cv -2 p s lt{e}if cW px c p gs w fill 0 ne{ dv m 1 r begin s/wx sg x np 5 np[{p n x 23 16 18 r X p e DA}{ {xl L/mt/ mv l s pp L/np lp fill sm 180 p np -1 sg CS}{ 1 dp/c 0 g/cY setgr 9.6 2 dv bs gs OA} 2 cm -1.6 s e DA} dp cX 0 lx cm gr mv F w fill dv ne rad arc py b/C a np aR mv l dv 0 def 1 dic ac 3 n m L/ 0 sc fi D pp gr bW c y 1 rO ly e s rl 1 x 1 0 p b c C

CHO

CHO

CHO

OH

HO

HO

OH

OH

HO

OH

HO

CH2 OH

CH2 OH

2 OH currentpointCH 192837465

CH2 OH

currentpo

D-eritrosa

L-eritrosa

D-treosa L-gliceraldehido

L-treosa

erdict/chemdict ChemDraw CopyRight sc 8 p 1 r/trans p/cY w b/OrA{py cm y fill W gr pp}{s 0 pA -1 m2 r/gres p ix o 2 }{6 dv 1 DA}{cw r -9.6 llt{1 2 -2 m sc 180 mv p s exec}{al dv a}b/PT{8 -1 px cm 2 0 gr}{pp}{gs s m dv s{dp dp g mv HA}{dL dp m dv rO s -.6 x 12 py neg b2 0 exec -1 WI sm c qrt tore CA form np s lp neg py 0 n mv p LB wF t 1.2 -9.6 s p a}{ex bd gr neg 1 e st p at c mv e p 5 OA}{1 l px L/gs/gsave p clip}b/Ct{bs 0 1986, n Las neg}if/py gs aL pp l arcn m 5 L/xl/translate p cp mv np gr 2 16.8 p OB st}b/HA{lW l 1 ex p -1 mv 2.25 0 at o m wy px sl mv 1 0 ac 8 gs fill er n 90 l py 12 counttomark{bs 145 lp n/ex r ro np sg bW aR ix 1 3.375 st}{0 1987, py dp cv 0.6 dv Prep 8 wx 0.3 gr -1 bd ro ac SA sc OB/bL px 1 px 0 fill rad aL dict p -9.6 m1 eq{DD}{DS}ie neg x sc 1.2 end}b/Db{bs{dp 0 DLB at 8 0 1 py n dp x l DA}{dL ey gr ne{bW SA 0 -1 m Cambridge py bd L/ie/ifelse sc px p 0 dp 120 mt m put p rot 21.6 rO 180 m rad e cm n/ey 1 l}for L/S{sf x 0 2 l b1 -1 p DA}{cw mv m/w ro 0 cpt ac bW -.6 py CA 0 ac g dv p 0 chemdict lt{-1 sm -1 180 -8 aA a}ie}b/WW{gs a}ie}b/BW{wD tr/dy 12 bs l 0 8 x 2.2 st 2 px dp xl 0 cp x s 1.5 p OA}{1 24.6 0 py dx st}{As 0 dv}{bd}ie c e rot py m}b/dA{[3 s np gr}{gs 6 16 1 3 ne{bW py L/ix/index p m c cm DLB 360 Scientific g 180 -1 n/dx x/dx SA p s -1 5 neg mv 0 lp -4.8 a g 2 c 5 px l r m sm r 0 1 sqrt begin/version px gs 4 neg}if/px arc -1 arc s ac DA}{dL type[]type s -1 gs c x p 0.6 0 ac sl gi x e 180 25.8 12 r 3 py 0 st}{0 LB o dy mv rO 0 2 s gs neg 2.25 0 al 0.5 1 16 dp lW c 2.2 OB CB py dv/bd wF eq{DB}{DS}ie cw L/l/lineto p r 6 Computing, ac S]}b/dL{dA n/dy pp 90 gs 1 w cv 0 e wD begin sg rev{neg}if l -1 e 2 p lp sg SA CB rO m 16 1 px s 2 -2 CA 0.5 o 1 xl}{xl x -1.6 dv l r fill s py e m cW cm np[{py fill SA begin cX dv s x}if x p 1 eq{dp c 0 DA}{cw 1 0 sg dp wy lx OA}{1 arc 1 np p mv 0 gr lp s bs 27 0 gr 23 sm rlineto ne etgray DA}{2.25 ac ly a 0 L/mt/matrix l np pp p fill p cm ac cp wx bW e 1.6 gs 1 cm rO def/b{bind 0 p bs mv o st cm l Inc. g/wb o 0 sc}b/Ov{OrA pp}ifelse 16 py gr px dp w cm l sm cY at cm ac 27 sm gr}b/OB{/bS g 0 WI e n -1 pp}{2 0 1 5 sm 2 gs cp div clippath lp px 2 0 p g mt ne{bW 0 sm ne 4.8 st}{Asc m sc sm st eq{gs 3 mv x 2 l s p cm 0 fill}b/SA{aF st}]e py ro sl SA 1 w lW dup bs 4 or{4 270 0 gr l st}{px 25.8 st L/mv/moveto e cp 4 1.5 gi bL 0 p s tr py rO 1 e def}bind ZLB p m gr gi OA}{1.5 0 l mv AA}{1 wy 2 al 1 39 g/bb fill dp 2 l rad bd 1 ac p cv rO SA s put al cpt S cp gs dv/bd pp t r ap s 1 px lW end a/py 0 lt{pp dv gs gr 1 px 4 pp x 8 ac w g DA}{270 -1 cm 0.4 setgray 3 g 0 x e o 1 24.6 m 0 mv np exec py 0.5 p 2 dp cp wb DT}]o ix setdash}d/cR at r}if -1 1 o px gr}b/In{px -1 m dv def/L{load s sc SA dv x l x}if eq{dL}if 3 2 xl 1 -0.4 m}b/CB{np ro}ie}b/AA s rad px lW sc wx sg 9.6 py 4 c ix 0 L/m/mul S}if/lp round pp t}{1.0 4 gr}ie}b/C a OA}{1 g/cX ZLB 1 0 cm p 180 xl -1 fill a/px Bd lW m/aL w 21.6 -0.4 lp 0 pp rO CA 1 ap 3 r g n gr nH 0 ac curre -1 gr}b 3 AA} -2 ac o/cX gs Ac} g p 2 x l sc 360 9.6 6 DA -1 cm e x px dx r w d o lp g ex l 1 L S 4 p 1 a s n L w Monosacridos Estructura % us L/gr/grestore L/tr/trans xl pp l SA RA}{6 -1 st}b/OrA{py -8 py np gs fill e o cp a wy dp 0 In x 5 w dp/cY cw py 1 2 0 g bW -1 dp erdict/chemdict sc 8 ChemDraw CopyRight p cm fill gr pp}{sqrt 0 pA -1 m2 2 p ix o dv 1 DA}{cw -9.6 r l lt{1 2 -2 m s 180 p mv a}b/PT{8 exec}{al dv -1 cm px 2 0 gr}{pp}{gs m sm dv c s dp g mv HA}{dL dp dv rO {dp x sc -.6 12 py neg b2 exec 0 -1 sm WI CA form np st lp neg n py 0 mv p LB wF -9.6 1.2 sc p a}{ex neg gr bd 1 p s e at mv p 5 e OA}{1 t l L/gs/gsave px clip}b/Ct{bs 0 p 1986, Laser n l aL neg}if/py gs pp arcn L/xl/translate m p mv cp 5 l np gr 2 16.8 st}b/HA{lW p l OB 1 ex p 0 2.25 -1 mv at o m px wy sl mv 0 1 gs 8 ac fill l n py 90 12 counttomark{bs lp 145 n/ex r ro np bW aR sg s 3.375 1 ix py 1987, dp cv 0.6 Prep 8 dv wx t}{0 0.3 -1 gr SA ac ro bd sc OB/bL px 1 px 0 fill rad aL dict m1 p eq{DD}{DS}ie -9.6 s x 0 end}b/Db{bs{dp neg 1.2 DLB at 8 0 1 py n c dp x DA}{dL SA l ey ne{bW gr 0 m -1 Cambridge py bd L/ie/ifelse sc px dp p 0 120 mt m put p rot 21.6 rO 180 m rad cm e n/ey 1 l}for L/S{s x b1 -1 2 DA}{cw 0 p l mv m/w ro 0 cpt ac bW -.6 py CA g dv ac p 0 chemdict lt{-1 -1 sm aA 180 -8 a}ie}b/WW{gs a}ie}b/BW{wD tr/dy 12 bs 0 l 8 x 2.2 2 st px dp xl cp x 0 sc 1.5 f py 0 OA}{1 p 24.6 dx s dv}{bd}ie 0 np e m}b/dA{[3 s rot py sc gr}{gs 6 t}{Asc 16 L/ix/index ne{bW 3 1 py p m DLB cm 360 Scientific g 180 SA x/dx n/dx -1 p sc -1 5 neg mv 0 lp 0 -4.8 g a 2 5 px l m r s 0 r 1 px begin/version sqrt 4 neg}if/px -1 arc gs arc DA}{dL m ac s gs type[]type -1 s p x 0.6 s 0 ac gi x e 180 25.8 12 r l 3 py LB st}{0 0 mv o dy rO 2 0 sc gs 2.25 neg 2 0 0.5 al 1 16 dp 2.2 lW CB dv/bd py wF OB eq{DB}{DS}ie cw L/l/lineto p r Computing, ac 6 S]}b/dL{dA gs 90 n/dy pp 1 w cv 0 e wD begin sg rev{neg}if l -1 2 p e SA lp sg CB rO m 16 px 2 1 -2 s CA 0.5 1 o x dv xl}{xl -1.6 l r fill m py s e cW cm SA np[{py fill begin cX dv x}if p x s 1 0 eq{dp DA}{cw c 1 0 sg dp wy OA}{1 lx arc 1 p gr np mv 0 s lp bs 27 0 gr 23 s rlineto ne etgray DA}{2.25 ac a ly 0 L/mt/matrix l np fill p m pp p cm ac cp wx e bW 1.6 1 rO gs cm 0 def/b{bind bs p mv o s cm l Inc. g/wb o 0 sc}b/Ov{OrA gr py pp}ifelse 16 t w dp px cm s l cY at cm ac 27 gr}b/OB{/bS sm g 0 n e m -1 WI pp}{2 5 0 1 s 2 gs cp div clippath lp px p mt g 0 2 m ne{bW 0 m sm st}{As s ne 4.8 s 3 x eq{gs mv 2 c l s cm p m 0 fill}b/SA{aF st}]e py t s ro w SA 1 bs dup lW 4 270 or{4 0 gr l st}{px 25.8 l s L/mv/moveto e 1.5 cp 4 p gi bL 0 sm tr t py rO e 1 def}bind p ZLB OA}{1.5 gi gr m 0 l mv AA}{1 wy al c 2 1 39 g/bb fill rad dp l 2 SA bd 1 cv ac p rO st put al gs cp S cpt pp dv/bd r ap s lW 1 px end a/py 0 gr lt{pp dv gs 1 4 x px pp ac 8 w DA}{270 g -1 cm 0.4 setgray 3 x g o 0 1 e 24.6 m mv 0 np exec p py 0.5 2 dp cp wb ix DT}]o -1 setdash r}if at o 1 px gr}b/In -1 m dv def/L{ s SA l dv x x}if eq{dL 3 xl m}b/C 2 rad c s -0.4 1 ro}ie px lW s wx 9.6 4 py c ix L/m S}if pp t}{1 4 rou 0 c g gr} a OA g/c ZL 0 1 18 cm xl p -1 a/ fil w lW B m 2 -0 lp 0 p C r

Aldosas
Cinco carbonos: Aldopentosas
D-eritrosa
CH O

D-treosa
CH O
CH O
CH O

OH

HO

OH

HO

OH

OH

HO

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

CH2 OH

D-ribosa

CH OH currentpoint C H OH C 192837465 H OH currentpoint2 192837465 curren currentpoint 192837465

2
2

D-arabinosa

D-xilosa

D-lixosa

Monosacridos

Estructura

70 1 /bs[[1 [1 ]d gr [0 end 165 742 746 762 864 638 881 633 I1 759 6 759 4200 4010 2850 4770 3349 3520 4641 4662 2669 100 2487 2181 40 742 746 762 1169 333 1186 328 80 DSt 759 4505] 4010] 3155] 5075] 3349] 3825] 4662] 2669] 40 4010] 3349] 4641] 2669] [1 20 2487] I end 746 chemdict 4505 DSt begin [2 SP I 1186 40102397 DSt begin [3 I 328 [4 I 742 DSt [5DSt I 746 50 75 /bs[[1 [1 ]d gr Db 1 [0 166 3218 3321 3280 3033 3145 3073 3162 3264 3038 3344 3064 I1 3182 123 3182 2092 4150 3961 4720 2589 3470 4591 4613 3271 96 3075 2770 40 3218 3626 3585 2727 3145 2768 3162 3569 2732 3649 2759 80 DSt 3182 40 2397] 4456] 3961] 5026] 2589] 3775] 4591] 4613] 3271] [1 20 3075] I 3218 chemdict DSt [2SP I 4010 3626DSt 2589 DSt [3 3155 I 3145 4456 [4 I

% us L/gr/grestore L/tr/trans xl pp l SA RA}{6 -1 st}b/OrA{py -8 py np gs fill e o cp a wy dp 0 In x 5 w dp/cY cw py 1 2 0 g bW -1 dp erdict/chemdict sc 8 ChemDraw CopyRight p cm fill gr pp}{sqrt 0 pA -1 m2 2 p ix o dv 1 DA}{cw r -9.6 llt{1 2 -2 m s 180 mv p exec}{al dv a}b/PT{8 -1 px cm 2 0 gr}{pp}{gs sm m dv c s dp g mv HA}{dL dp dv rO {dp x sc -.6 12 py neg b2 0 exec -1 WI sm CA form np lp st neg n py 0 mv p LB wF -9.6 1.2 sc p a}{ex neg bd gr 1 p e s at mv p 5 e OA}{1 l t L/gs/gsave px p clip}b/Ct{bs 0 1986, Laser n l neg}if/py aL gs pp arcn L/xl/translate m p mv cp l 5 np gr 2 16.8 p st}b/HA{lW OB lex 1 p 0 2.25 -1 mv o at m px wy sl mv 0 ac 1 8 gs fill l n py 90 counttomark{bs 12 lp 145 n/ex r ro np bW aR sg s 1 3.375 ix py 1987, dp cv 0.6 Prep 8 dv wx t}{0 0.3 gr -1 ac bd SA ro sc OB/bL px 1 px 0 fill rad aL dict m1 p eq{DD}{DS}ie -9.6 x s 0 end}b/Db{bs{dp neg 1.2 DLB at 8 0 py 1 n c x dp DA}{dL l ey SA ne{bW gr 0 m -1 Cambridge py bd L/ie/ifelse sc px p dp 0 120 mt m put p rot 21.6 rO 180 m rad e n/ey cm 1 l}for L/S{s x b1 2 -1 0 DA}{cw l p mv m/w ro 0 cpt ac bW -.6 py CA dv g ac p 0 chemdict lt{-1 -1 sm 180 aA -8 a}ie}b/WW{gs a}ie}b/BW{wD tr/dy 12 bs l 0 8 x 2.2 2 st px dp xl cp 0 x sc 1.5 f py 0 p OA}{1 24.6 dx s dv}{bd}ie 0 e np m}b/dA{[3 s rot py sc gr}{gs 6 t}{Asc 16 L/ix/index 1 ne{bW 3 py p m DLB cm 360 Scientific g 180 SA x/dx n/dx -1 p sc -1 5 mv neg 0 lp -4.8 0 a g 2 5 px l m r s 0 r 1 px begin/version sqrt 4 neg}if/px -1 arc gs arc ac DA}{dL m s type[]type gs -1 s p x 0.6 s 0 ac x gi e 180 25.8 12 r l 3 py st}{0 0 LB o mv dy rO 0 2 sc gs 2.25 neg 2 0 0.5 al 1 16 dp lW 2.2 CB py dv/bd wF OB eq{DB}{DS}ie cw L/l/lineto p r Computing, ac 6 n/dy S]}b/dL{dA gs 90 pp 1 w cv 0 e wD begin sg rev{neg}if l -1 2 p e lp SA sg CB rO m 16 px 2 1 s -2 CA 0.5 1 o x dv xl}{xl -1.6 l r fill py m s e cW cm SA np[{py fill begin cX dv x}if x p s 1 0 eq{dp c DA}{cw 1 0 sg dp wy lx OA}{1 arc 1 p np mv gr 0 lp s bs 27 0 gr 23 s rlineto ne etgray DA}{2.25 ac a ly 0 l L/mt/matrix np fill m pp p p cm ac cp wx e bW 1.6 1 gs rO cm 0 def/b{bind bs p mv o s cm l Inc. g/wb o 0 sc}b/Ov{OrA py gr pp}ifelse 16 t px w dp cm l s cY at cm ac 27 gr}b/OB{/bS sm g 0 n e WI m -1 pp}{2 0 5 1 s 2 gs cp div clippath lp px p mt 2 g 0 m ne{bW 0 sm m st}{As ne s 4.8 s eq{gs x mv 3 2 l c s p cm m 0 fill}b/SA{aF st}]e py t s ro w SA 1 bs dup lW 4 or{4 270 0 gr st}{px l 25.8 s L/mv/moveto e cp 1.5 4 gi p bL 0 tr sm t py rO e 1 def}bind p ZLB OA}{1.5 gr gi m 0 l mv AA}{1 wy al 2 c 1 39 g/bb fill dp rad 2 l bd SA 1 cv ac p rO st put al gs S cp cpt dv/bd pp r ap s lW 1 px end a/py 0 lt{pp gr dv gs 1 4 px x pp ac 8 w DA}{270 g -1 cm 0.4 setgray 3 g x o 0 1 e 24.6 m mv 0 np exec p py 0.5 2 dp cp wb ix DT}]o setdash}d/cR -1 r}if at 1 o px gr}b/In{px -1 m dv def/L{load s SA dv l x x}if eq{dL}if 3 xl 2 m}b/CB{np[{[{CS} c rad s -0.4 1 ro}ie}b/AA{np px lW s wx 9.6 4 py c ix L/m/mul S}if/lp pp t}{1.0 round 0 4 c g gr}ie}b/Cr{0 a OA}{1 g/cX ZLB 0 1 180 cm p xl -1 a/px fill lW Bd w m/aL 21.6 -0.4 lp 0 pp CA rO 1 ap 3 r n g gr ac nH 0 currentmatrix -1 -2 gr}b/wD 3 AA}{1 gs o/cX ac Ac}{0.5 p g 2 x sc l 360 x 9.6 6 DA}{180 -1 cm x e px dx r wb def}b/d/d o dv l gs lp exec}b/CS L/n/neg SA 1 4 px 1 w aL LB n s r o 16.8 12 s{nH gi py ne{py arc 0 sg 3 sm s/wx cX e p 5 2 x 0 lt{e}if OA}{ 1 p 1 gs al d/wF dp/c n mv g/cY m -1 360 0 2 fill aR cm mv r st} 18 rad cY 0 Ac cv pp 0 dv w e sc 1 d x 0 L r C g s % us L/gr/gres L/tr/trans xl pp l SA RA}{6 -1 st}b/OrA{py -8 py np gs fill e o cp a wy dp 0 In x 5 w dp/cY cw py 0 1 g bW -1 2 dp sc 8 erdict/chemdict p ChemDraw CopyRight gr cm fill pp}{s 0 pA -1 m2 2 p ix o dv 1 DA}{cw r -9.6 l lt{1 2 m -2 sc mv s 180 p exec}{al dv a}b/PT{8 cm -1 px 0 gr}{pp}{gs 2 s dv m s{dp g dp mv dp HA}{dL dv m rO -.6 s x 12 py neg exec 0 b2 -1 sm WI c tore CA qrt form lp np s neg n py 0 p mv LB wF t 1.2 -9.6 s p a}{ex neg bd gr 1 st p e c mv at p e OA}{1 5 l L/gs p clip}b/Ct{bs px 0 n 1986, Laser neg}if/py gs l pp aL p L/xl/translate arcn m cp 5 mv l gr 2 np 16.8 p s OB l 1 ex p 0 mv -1 2.25 o m t}b/HA{lW px at wy s mv 1 ac 0 gs 8 fill py l n 90 lp /gs 12 counttomark{bs 145 n/ex r s np bW ro aR ix 1 3.375 st}{0 py cv dp 1987, 0.6 dv g 8 wx Prep 0.3 gr -1 ac bd ro sc SA px OB/bL 1 ave px fill 0 rad aL dict -9.6 p eq{DD}{DS}ie m1 x sc end}b/Db{bs{dp neg 1.2 0 DLB 8 at 1 py n x dp l ey DA}{dL SA gr ne{bW 0 -1 m py s L/ie/ifelse bd Cambridge px dp p 0 120 mt m c p put 21.6 rot rO 180 cm e rad m n/ey 1 l}for L/S{s x 0 2 l -1 p b1 DA}{cw mv m/w ro 0 cpt ac -.6 bW py CA 0 ac dv p g 0 lt{-1 chemdict s -1 180 -8 aA a}ie}b/WW{gs a}ie}b/BW{wD tr/dy 12 l m bs 0 8 2.2 x s px 2 xl dp cp 0 sc x f 1.5 24.6 p 0 OA}{1 t py dx s 0 dv}{bd}ie m}b/dA{[3 e np s sc py rot gr}{gs 6 t}{Asc 16 1 py 3 ne{bW p L/ix/index 360 cm DLB m g 180 Scientific -1 n/dx x/dx SA p sc -1 5 neg mv 0 lp -4.8 g 2 a 5 px l r m s r 0 1 neg}if/px arc px begin/version 4 sqrt -1 gs arc ac m s DA}{dL type[]type s gs -1 0.6 x p 0 ac s x gi e 180 25.8 12 r 3 s py 0 l LB o dy rO mv 0 2 gs sc neg 2 2.25 t}{0 0 al 0.5 1 dp 16 lW 2.2 CB py dv/bd OB wF eq{DB}{DS}ie cw L/l/lineto p r 6 n/dy S]}b/dL{dA gs ac pp Computing, 90 1 cv w 0 e sg wD begin rev{neg}if p e -1 l 2 lp s SA CB rO 16 m px s 1 2 -2 CA g 0.5 xl}{xl x -1.6 o dv 1 l r fill py e sc m cm cW np[{py fill SA s x p cX 1 x}if dv begin 0 eq{dp DA}{cw 1 0 sg wy dp arc lx 1 OA}{1 p mv gr np 0 bs lp 27 setgray 0 gr sm 23 rlineto ne ac DA}{2.25 ly 0 a L/mt/matrix l pp np p fill cm p ac cp wx cm gs 1.6 bW rO e 1 0 def/b{bind p mv bs st o cm l Inc. g/wb o pp}ifels 0 gr s py 16 px dp w cm l sm cY at cm c}b/Ov{OrA ac gr}b/OB{/bS s 27 g 0 n WI e -1 pp}{2 0 1 sm 5 m gs 2 cp div lp clippath px p mt 2 0 g ne{bW 0 sm 4.8 st}{Asc ne m sc sm st eq{gs 3 mv x l 2 s cm p 0 st}]e fill}b/SA{aF py ro sl dup 1 w bs SA lW or{4 4 270 0 gr l st}{px 25.8 e st L/mv/movet e cp 4 1.5 0 bL gi p s py tr rO 1 e ZLB def}bind p gr m gi OA}{1.5 0 l mv wy AA}{1 1 2 39 al g/bb fill dp cv 1 2 bd l rad SA p ac rO s put al S cpt gs cp t dv/bd pp r ap s px lW 1 end a/py dv lt{pp 0 gs gr 1 x px 8 4 pp ac w g DA} -1 cm 0.4 3 setg g e 24.6 1 0 o x m 0 mv np ex 0.5 py p dp 2 cp ix w D at r} se -1 1 o m -1 p g d s

Aldosas

Seis carbonos: Aldohexosas

D-ribosa
CH O
CH O

D-arabinosa
CH O CH O

OH

HO

OH

HO

OH

OH

HO

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

OH

CH2 OH

D-alosa

CH2 OH CH2 OH CH2 OH currentpoint 192837465 currentpoint 192837465 currentpoint 192837465

D-altrosa

D-glucosa

D-manosa

currentpoin

Monosacridos

Estructura

DSt 80 3 1 0 8 4 2 5442 2460] 4477] 3995] 5038] 3339] 3808] 4611] 4632] 2662] 40 [1Db 20 3155] I 5898 chemdict DSt begin [2 I SP 5473 2460 DSt [3 I 5441 4477 DSt [4 I 5920 3995 [5 I 5044 3995DSt DSt [6 50 70 /bs[[1 [1 ]d gr 1 [0 end 161 7835 7981 7707 7802 7819 7918 7697 7998 7723 I2662 1 7842 356 7842 2131 4127 3962 4689 3459 4562 4583 3262 2622 99 3095 2790 40 7835 8282 7406 7802 7819 8219 7396 8298 7422 80 DSt 7842 40 2431] 4428] 3962] 4989] 3759] 4562] 4583] 3262] 2622] [1 20 3095] I 7835 chemdict 2431 begin DS t [2 SP I 7802 4428 DStDSt [3 I 8282 3962 [4II5441 7406

mv m wy x B 1 0 }b/HA{lW mv }b/Ct{bs ac n .25 6, l/translate gs 8 .8 py l t er {1 fill 90 }if/py x /gs 12 counttomark{bs lp 145 n/ex r aR np bW ro sg 3.375 1 ix st}{0 dp 1987, py cv 0.6 Prep 8 dv wx 0.3 -1 gr SA ro bd ac sc px OB/bL 1 ave px 0 fill aL rad dict p -9.6 m1 eq{DD}{DS}ie sc x DLB 0 8 at 1.2 neg end}b/Db{bs{dp py 1 n dp x DA}{dL l ey SA ne{bW gr 0 m py Cambridge bd -1 L/ie/ifels s px dp p 0 mt 120 m c put p rot 21.6 rO 180 m rad cm e 1 n/ey l}for L/S{sf x 0 -1 b1 2 p DA}{cw l m/w mv 0 ro cpt ac bW -.6 py CA ac 0 dv g p 0 chemdict -1 lt{-1 s aA 180 -8 a}ie}b/WW{gs a}ie}b/BW{wD tr/dy 12 m bs 8 0 l px 2 s x 2.2 dp xl cp x s 0 1.5 0 OA}{1 p 24.6 py t e dx st}{As c dv}{bd}ie 0 s np e m}b/dA{[3 py rot 6 gr}{gs 16 py 1 ne{bW 3 L/ix/index p m DLB c cm 360 180 g Scientific SA -1 x/dx n/dx p sc -1 5 neg mv 0 a 2 lp g 5 -4.8 px l r m sm 0 r 1 sqrt 4 gs px neg}if/px begin/vers -1 arc DA}{dL ac s type[]type s gs -1 p c x 0.6 0 sl ac gi x e 180 25.8 12 r 3 py 0 st}{0 LB rO o mv dy 0 2 sc gs 0 neg 2.25 2 0.5 al 16 1 dp lW 2.2 CB py dv/bd wF OB eq{DB}{DS}ie cw L/l/lineto p r ac 6 Computing, pp S]}b/dL{dA gs 90 n/dy 1 w cv 0 e rev{neg}if sg begin wD l -1 e 2 p lp SA s CB rO m 16 px -2 2 1 s CA 1 o 0.5 g xl}{xl x dv -1.6 l r fill py m ion sc e cW cm SA cX dv begin np[{py fill x}if s x p 1 0 eq{dp DA}{cw 1 0 sg dp wy arc OA}{1 lx 1 0 gr p np mv bs s lp 27 0 gr 23 sm rlineto ne DA}{2.25 0 etgray a ly ac l L/mt/matrix np pp fill p cm p ac cp wx e bW 1.6 rO gs 1 0 cm def/b{bind bs p mv o cm st l g/wb Inc. o sc}b/Ov{OrA 0 pp}ifelse 16 gr py dp px w s cm l cY at ac cm 27 gr}b/OB{/bS sm 0 n g m e pp}{2 -1 WI 0 5 s 1 2 gs cp div clippath lp px p mt 0 g 2 m ne{bW ne s m 0 4.8 s st 3 x t}{As m mv eq{gs 2 l c 0 fill}b/SA{aF m s cm p py s ro SA w 1 bs dup lW t}]e or{4 4 270 0 gr st}{px l 25.8 s L/mv/moveto e 1.5 4 cp gi p bL 0 py t sm tr rO 1 e def}bind p ZLB OA}{1.5 gr gi m 0 l mv AA}{1 wy g/bb c 1 al 2 39 fill 2 l dp rad 1 bd SA cv rO ac p st put al gs cpt S cp dv/bd pp r s ap 1 lW px a/py end 0 dv gr lt{pp gs ac 4 1 px pp x 8 w DA}{270 g -1 cm 0.4 setgray 3 x 0 1 e g o 24.6 m mv 0 np exec p py 0.5 cp 2 dp wb DT}]o ix setdash}d/cR -1 r}if at 1 o m px -1 gr}b/In{px dv def/L{load s SA dv l x x}if eq{dL}if 3 m}b/CB{np[{[{CS}{CS}{cB}{CW}{pp}{cB 2 xl c s ro}ie}b/AA{np -0.4 rad 1 lW px s wx 9.6 4 py c ix t}{1.0 L/m/mul pp S}if/lp 0 c round g 4 gr}ie}b/Cr{0 a OA}{1 g/cX ZLB 0 1 cm 180 p xl -1 fill m/aL lW Bd w a/px 21.6 -0.4 lp 0 pp rO CA 1 ap 3 r n g gr 0 nH currentmatrix ac -1 gr}b/wD 3 AA}{1 -2 Ac}{0.5 gs o/cX ac p g x 2 s l 360 x 9.6 DA}{180 6 -1 cm x px c dx e r wb dv def}b/d/def l o exec}b/CS{p lp gs SA L/n/neg 1 4 px aL 1 s w LB n r o 16.8 12 s gi arc py ne{py 0 sg sm 3 s/wx cX e 5 p x {nH 2 0 lt{e}if OA}{1 1 p 1 gs al n d/wF dp/cY g/cY mv m 0 -1 360 fill aR 2 cm mv st}{0 r rad cY cv Ac}{1.0 18 0 0 pp dv w e 1 s dv x 0 L/np/newpath gr rO CA c s np dy dict s 9.6 n xl 0 p 0 DS x pp g 120 1.5 m px /wy o dp cm 0 -1 x p dp ac np bb rad 0 ap L/a/add fill arc s np gs DA}{120 o 12 p lp l mv cvi/nSq lW p d/WI{wx gr}{dp sc d/aF px bd AA}{1 s w 0 at iX rlineto x l px mv 4 Ov}{0.5 gr mv 180 8 m sg a st}b/DS{np 0 0 bs 2.25 g 2 p dx ro s 8 m o p eq py cm 0 st m l 1 cX fill l 10 px 4.8 lp 4.0 e mv 180 py dp wF s cw 0 gr L/al/aload o dp p g SA sm 0 dv/m1 gr px x d/aR ac py p eq -1 CA 4.8 iY s rO mv l m 2 g gs rad L/pp/pop dx bL m lW 6 ap Ov}{Asc n etmiterlim lp s lW px 4 3 OA}{1 bb e p eq -1 t}b/Asc o c p t}{Asc ac cv 0.3 ne{wy DA}{9 In gi py nSq eq{2 dp l 0 cW 0.25 90 o py l r pp cm 5 and{ 2 x p p cp al cp}b a p p 1 py p g dv m mv AA l 2 arc l L/ 2 pp sc m d g cm l sm cY s 4 lx a d p m % us L/gr/gres L/tr/trans xl pp l SA RA}{ -1 st}b/OrA{py -8 py np gs fill e o cp a w dp 0 In x 5 w 2 0 y cw py 1 g bW dp/cY -1 erdict/chemdict dp ChemDraw CopyRight 8 c fill pp}{s pA -1 m2 gr ix o DA}{c dv 1 2 r -9.6 l 2 lt{ sc 6 -2 mv s 180 m 2 -1 a}b/PT{8 cm px exec dv 0 gr}{ dp sm s{ m g mv HA}{dL 1 dv rO dp dv -.6 x sc qrt py tore dp exec form -1 12 neg WI 0 b2 neg lp CA np st w m }{al pp}{ w n 0 p mv LB 1.2 sc bd neg at -9.6 gr a}{ex F 5 e px st 1 mv L/gs/gs e OA}{1 1986, arcn l c p Laser L/xl/trans 2 n m neg}if/py gs l cp 0 5 mv aL p pp np gs p lip} gr OB 2.25 ex at l o m p 1 16.8 0 mv t} mv wy px 1 145 fill lp gs 8 12 90 l ro st}{0 n ac py counttomark{ b/Ct{bs np n/ex b/HA{lW 3.375 bW r s 1987, aR ix Prep ave bd dp ac g S 0.6 -1 0.3 w gr dv px OB/bL ro 8 sc px rad dict 1 A fill x aL 0 p m1 late n x sc end}b/Db{bs{dp DLB neg eq{DD} dp L/ie/ifelse 0 DA} 1.2 -9.6 1 at py 8 l ne{ gr p SA ey 0 Cambridge m put bd dp px 120 sc rot -1 m mt l}for L/S{ rad rO mv cm x e 2 p n/ey m/w 180 bW {dL DA} -1 21.6 p 1 b1 py cpt chemdict bW dv l g ro CA ac lt{ 180 0 p -.6 ac -1 0 sm sf bs {DS}ie s a} 2 dp tr/dy aA 0 x 12 1.5 {cw x xl -1 t py px 0 L/ix/index -8 cp 8 OA}{ sc m}b/dA{ dv}{bd}ie 2.2 p e py rot dx gr}{gs ie}b/WW{ ie}b/BW{w 6 np st}{As ne{bW s 1 g p 3 Scientific 24.6 SA py c -1 DLB c 180 lp n/dx 360 sc 16 x/dx g 5 0 a p 2 l -1 m neg begin/version px 5 1 r sqrt mv gs ac m 0 DA}{dL type[]type neg}if/px sm 0 r -1 s -4.8 -1 arc c p gi 12 gs sl py s e x 0 1 o 0 180 [3 LB mv 0.6 L/l/lineto r 3 dp neg al sc st}{0 dy rO ac 0 CB 2.25 py wF gs dv/bd OB 0.5 0 p 2 S]}b/dL{ D 25.8 Computing, lW pp gs 90 6 rev{ cw l w eq{DB}{ 16 n/dy 2.2 w ac lp r CB begin e 1 px m s 1 -1 e o D 0.5 g 2 xl}{xl py rO CA s 0 px SA eq{dp cv x}if -2 p cW cX g neg}if dv 1 c 0 m r fill begin np[{py 16 x 23 e L/mt/matrix l DA}{cw lp fill s np p s dv -1.6 bs OA}{ cm lx dp DA}{2.25 0 g etgray gr dA wy ne arc a l mv np def/b{bind 0 ac DS}ie 0 fill gr pp ly bW cp rlineto e 1 1 p cm 0 bs o Inc sm dp sc} 0 w px g/w 27 gs o p 0 cm g ac l rO gr pp} cm 1 16 cY mv 0 x w 0 e n l py 2 sm 0 . clippath s lp -1 1.6 c b/Ov{OrA cm WI gs p at b g 5 ne{bW ac t pp} div sm m eq{ ifelse 3 ne s c gr}b/OB{/bS s px mv x 2 sc m l mt p st}{As m c lW SA L/mv/moveto 27 s 0 0 1 sm p or{4 bs 4 m {2 gs dup st def}bind fill}b/SA{ 270 py 0 w p e l bL ro gi t} m 4.8 OA} 1 gr s cp e st 1.5 dp p 4 st}]e l fill mv p 2 {px m rO al 1 2 tr g/bb put py bd 1 l gi c AA}{1 gr ZLB dv/bd fill 25.8 1 cp st S 0 pp SA {1.5 r rad gs ac al lW cpt rO 4 g 0.4 p setgray dv lt{pp 4 y 39 gr end cm def/L{load x pp m 1 -1 aF ap gs px DA}{270 a/py setdash} w cv x ac w o 2 np dp e eq{ SA sc x}if r}if px dv L/m/mul -1 DT}]o 3 mv sm}b/CB{n gr}b/In{px 0.5 m b xl dv p py at g 2 c 8 -0.4 sc 0 ix 4 py l dL}if exec x sc s round p OA}{1 4 lW S ro}ie} Bd 24.6 pp a rad 1 c 0 1 sg w g/c s }if/lp 3 -1 lW lp 1 180 t} ZLB m 0 d/c x -0.4 m/aL ix gr}b pp 0 fill 0 X w nH {1.0 CA r def} 0 gr} ac a/p 6 9.6 cur rO L/n -2 xl 3 g b/ R 36 ap x o A n x g S g 1

Aldosas

Seis carbonos: Aldohexosas

D-xilosa
CH O

D-lixosa
CH O

CH O

CH O

OH

HO

OH

HO

OH

OH

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

HO

OH

OH

OH

OH

C H 2OH

currentpoint 192837465 C H OH C H OH currentpoi currentpoint 192837465 C H OH currentpoint 192837465

2

D-gulosa

D-idosa

D-galactosa

D-talosa

Monosacridos

Estructura
Aldosas
Cetosas

Estructura cclica

Monosacridos

Estructura

Cetosas
Tres carbonos: Cetotriosa
CH2 C O CH2 OH
Dihidroxiacetona

OH

Monosacridos

Estructura

Cetosas
Cuatro carbonos: Cetotetrosas
CH2 OH C O H C OH CH2 OH
CH2 OH C O HO C H CH2 OH

D-eritrulosa

L-eritrulosa

Monosacridos

Estructura

Cetosas
Cinco carbonos: Cetopentosas
CH2OH C O H C OH H C OH CH2OH CH2OH C O HO C H H C OH CH2OH

D-ribulosa

D-xilulosa

Monosacridos

Estructura

Cetosas
Cinco carbonos: Cetopentosas
CH2OH C O H C OH H C OH H C OH CH2OH

CH2OH C O HO C H H C OH H C OH CH2OH

CH2OH C O H C OH HO C H H C OH CH2OH

CH2OH C O HO C H HO C H H C OH CH2OH

D-psicosa

D-fructosa

D-Sorbosa

D-tagatosa

D-ribulosa

D-xilulosa

Monosacridos

Estructura
Aldosas
Cetosas

Estructura cclica

Monosacridos

Estructura

Estructura cclica
H C R
Aldehido

OH

+ +

R OH
Alcohol

H C OR R
Hemiacetal

C R

OH

+
+

R OH
Alcohol

C OR R
Hemicetal

Cetona

Monosacridos

Estructura

Estructura cclica
HO C H H C OH HO C H H C OH H C CH 2OH O
H C H C OH HO C H H C OH H C OH CH 2OH O

H C OH H C OH HO C H H C OH H C CH 2OH O

b -D-glucopiranosa Anillo de 6 miembros

D-glucosa

a-D-glucopiranosa

Como el del pirano piranosas

O

Monosacridos

Estructura

Estructura cclica
HOCH 2 C HO C H H C OH H C OH CH 2OH O
HOCH2 C OH O HO C H H C OH H C CH2OH

HO C CH 2OH HO C H H C OH H C CH 2OH O

b -D-fructofuranosa Anillo de 5 miembros

D-fructosa

a-D-fructofuranosa

Como el del furano furanosas

O

Monosacridos

Estructura

Estructura cclica
CH 2OH

HO C H H C OH HO C H H C OH H C CH 2OH O
HO OH H H H

O OH H H OH

Estructura en proyeccin de Fischer

Estructura en proyeccin de Haworth

Monosacridos

Estructura

Estructura cclica
CH 2OH

HO C H H C OH HO C H H C OH HOCH2 C H O
HO OH H H H

O OH H H OH

Estructura en proyeccin de Fischer

Una permutacin Inversin en C5

Estructura en proyeccin de Haworth

Monosacridos

Estructura

Estructura cclica
CH 2OH

HO C H H C OH HO C H H C OH HOCH2 C H O
H H HO OH H

O OH H H OH

Estructura en proyeccin de Fischer

Dos permutaciones Igual configuracin

Estructura en proyeccin de Haworth

Monosacridos

Estructura

Estructura cclica
CH 2OH

HO C H H C OH HO C H H C OH HOCH2 C H O
H H HO OH H

O OH H H OH

Estructura en proyeccin de Fischer

Estructura en proyeccin de Haworth

Los sustituyentes a la izquierda en Fischer estn hacia arriba en Hawort

Monosacridos

Estructura

Estructura cclica
CH 2OH O H H HO OH H OH

HO

CH2OH O

H H OH

HO HO OH

Estructura en proyeccin de Haworth

Conformacin silla

Monosacridos

Estructura

Estructura cclica
CH 2OH O H H HO OH H OH H H OH

C4
HO CH2OH O HO HO OH

C1
Estructura en proyeccin de Haworth

Conformacin silla C41 o tambin C1

Monosacridos

Estructura
C1
OH

Estructura cclica
C4
HO CH2OH O HO HO OH

CH2OH

C4

OH O OH OH

C1

C41 o tambin C1

C14 o tambin 1C

Casi todas las D-piranosas tienen la conformacin C41

y casi todas las L-piranosas tienen la conformacin C14 (Reeves - 1950)

Monosacridos

Estructura
Reacciones y derivados

Aislamiento y anlisis