Contents Chapter 1 Basic Principles Rudi A. Lang Introduction. Fluid technology. Hydro-mechanics. Hydro-statics. Hydro-kinetics........ Types of energy transfer (choice), Parameters, symbols, units Physics terms. Mass, force, pressure. Mass. ssa Foree.. Pressure. Work, energy, power...... Work. - Energy Power... Velocity, acceleratior Velocity... Acceleration............ Hydro-mechanics.. Hydro-statics... Pressure. Pressure due to external forces. Force transmission. . Pressure transmission. Hydro-kinetics. Flow law.. Law of conservation of energy. Friction and pressure losses. Types of flow. Hydraulic systems. Important characteristics of hydraulic ‘systems... Design of a hydraulic system... : Energy conversion. . Control of energy... Transport of energy. Further information... Design of a simple hydraulic system.Chapter 2 Symbols to DIN ISO 1219 Rudi A. Lang 1 Basie symbols / function symbols / operational modes. 2 Energy transfer and storage. 24 Hydraulic pumps and motors. 22 Hydraulic cylinders... 2.3 — Accumulators.... 42 3 Open and closed loop control of energ _ 3.1. Directional valves/continuously variable vaives (modulating valves). 43 3.2 Check valves/isolating valves.. - 43 33 Pressure control valves.. 44 34 Flow control valves.. oe 44 35 2-way cartridge valves (logic elements) 44 4 Fluid storage and preparation... 45 5 Measuring devices and indicators. 45, Chapter 3 Hydraulic Fluids Eberhard Sumpt 1 Introduction. 2 Fluid requirements. 24 Lubrication and anti-wear characteristics. 22 Viscosity. 23 Viscosity index.. 24 Behaviour of viscosity with tespect to pressure 25 Compatibility with different materials... 26 Stability against shearing......... 27 ‘Stability against thermal loads. 28 Stability against oxidation. 2.9 Lowcompressibiliy. 210 Little expansion due to temperature... 211 Little formation Of fOaM.......-.0s00« 212 Low intake of air and good release of air... 2413 High boiling point and low steam pressure... 2.14 High density. : 2415 Good thermal conductivity. 2.16 Good di-electric (non-conducti 9) characteristics, 217 Non-hygroscopic... 2.18 Fire-resistant — does not bum. 2.19 Non-toxic as a fluid, as vapour and after decompo: 2.20 Good protection against corrosion... 2.21 No formation of sticky substances. 2.22 Good filtration capability. 223 Compatible and exchangeable with other fluids. 2.24 Formation of sil J. 2.25 User-friendly servicing, 2.26 — Eccologically acceptable. 2.27 Cost and availability... 3, Summary of common fluids. 4 Example of selection of suitable hydraulic ‘components,Chapter 4 Hydaulic Pumps Rudhard Freitag 1 Introduction. 2 Basic design. 24 Extemal gear pump. 2.2 Internal gear pump... 23 Ring gear pump. 24 Screw pump. 25 Single chamber vane pump. 26 Double chamber vane pump. 2.7 Radial piston pump with eccentric cylinder block 28 Radial piston pump with eccentric shaft 29 Axial piston pump in bent axis design... 2.10 Axial piston pump in swashplate design. 3 Selection criteria 4 Functional Descriptions... 4A Screw pumps... 42 Extemal gear pumps. 43 Intemal gear pumps. 4.4 Radial piston pumps. 45 Vane pumps Chapter 5 Hydraulic Motors Rudhard Freitag Introduction. Basic design.. Functional desciptions.. Gear motors. LSHT motors (slow speed motors). Epicyclic gear motors with central shafts. Epicyclic gear motors with drive shafts.... Basic principle of multi-stroke piston motors. Multi-stroke axial piston motors with rotating housing. Multi-stroke axial piston motors with rotating shaft... Multi-stroke radial piston motors... Radial piston motors (single stroke) with internal eccenter... Variable displacement radial piston motors.