THE ANSWER TO WHAT MAKES A SUCCESSFUL CIVILIZATION

Andocco

Andy Lavine

SECTION 1

Introduction

This image displays the geography upon which the civilization Andocco will thrive in.

The cold, barren climate of the mountainsides is very difcult to survive in. Snow surrounds just about everything, leaving hills and trees in a blanket of white. The
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mountainous landscape is raised high up above sea level. On the horizon, areas of higher elevation spring up behind the nearby hills. Just above the mountain

ranges, the horizon has faded to white from its shades of blues. The smell of pine wafts through the valley, adding a calming serenity to the area. The trees are littered across the landscape, leaving little shelter from the oncoming snowstorms. Many of the trees are deceased, the only hint of their existence the bare stumps sticking out of the soil, while others leave menacing shadows in the snow like warning signs. The ground is rock hard from all the packed snow on top of it; growing food is near impossible. Temperatures are very cold, usually under freezing. The skies are a clear blue, the sheen of the sun reecting in the snow. The air is crisp, and breaths are visible in the cold air, and the puffs of smoke are the only warmth in
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the entire range of mountains. Small birds chirp in the sky, echoing between the mountain walls. Underbrush rustles from rodents trying to get food, the snow cold against their scrambling feet. ! Upon this land will be born the civilization of Andocco. A civilization whose design has been inspired from the study of past civilizations such as the Mayans, the Aztecs, the Romans, the Greeks, the Arabs, and many more. This book will document the steps needed to be taken for the design of a successful civilization; specically in regards to modications of the physical environment, infrastructure development, and the favorable character-

istics of government, spiritual belief systems, and culture.

CHAPTER 1

Modifications

Man is a child of his environment - Shinichi Suzuki

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SECTION 1

Human Changes to the Land

The beginning to the long reign of a civilization always starts by modifying the land to help the people in the environment.

Part I - Analysis of the Problem The rst step in building a successful civilization is to secure basic human needs such as food, shelter, and clothing.
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Due to its geography, the major challenges the civilization of Andocco faces in achieving a basic food supply and water include the following:

1. A snowy region is a very difcult area to start the long reign of a civilization because the ground is hardened and cold, making it difcult to farm crops. Without the ability to farm, the people of Andocco would have to hunt for food, which is an unreliable food source. If there is ever a shortage of animals or plants that have grown naturally in the area, many people could starve and the civilization could crumble down from where it once stood. 2. Another reason this area is difcult to live in is that it has a very unreliable water supply. In the winter, the ground and water freezes over, and there is no surface water available for the people.

This could lead to the people having a lack of water for farming, bathing, and drinking. Without these critical actions occurring, the people of the civilization could get sick, or even die, and the civilization would soon perish as well.

Part II - Proposed Solutions

! For a civilization to prosper, it has to have the ability to modify the area around it to t the needs of the inhabitants, which in this case are food and water. An example of a modication is the use of irrigation canals to bring water to the crops in the elds. The farmer had to

modify the environment by physically digging up the dirt to form a trench for the water to ow through. A civilization that cant use its environment to its advantage will not ourish, and the entire existence of it will cease to be. ! Being that the civilization of Andocco is situated on a snowy, mountainous region, the ground is hard and cold, making it difcult to plant crops. To x this problem, the people of Andocco have made a building built with a detachable roof to surround the plot of farmland. If the farmers pulled on the rope tied to the roof, the roof would slide open, letting sunlight and carbon dioxide into the area. If the weather was not ideal, however, the

Image 1.1 Arabian Mountains

The Arabian Mountains were very steep and had little owing water, so they had to use modications to adapt to their harsh environment. Image Source: www.popyah.com

farmers could close the plants in, protecting them from strong winds, snow, frost, and freezing temperatures. They have also decided to farm sheep to produce not only clothing, but yogurt, cheese, and milk. The environmental modications
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made by the people of Andocco to produce food are similar to those of the Arabs and Greeks. To produce food, the people of Andocco have decided to plant foods, such as melons, that can survive in the cold temperatures, which is a plant commonly farmed by the people of the Arabian mountains. (Frey 81) They have also decided that they will farm sheep, which is an animal both the Arabs and Greeks farmed to make wool clothing and get meat. On Frey 77, it states: Bedouins clothed themselves in loose-tting gowns and cotton headdresses to protect against dust, heat, and ies. Today, my solutions to the issue of difcult farming conditions is used all around the world in the form of greenhouses, which lets in cer8

tain things such as sunlight and CO2, but keeps out the cold, snow, and wild animals. ! The civilization of Andocco doesnt only have food to worry about, however, because its water supply is heavily unreliable. To solve this issue, farmers have decided to dig out irrigation canals to control the surface runoff from rain and to guide water from ponds into the civilization. To solve the issue of surface water freezing, the Andocco farmers have decided to make an irrigation canal slightly below the ground, under the pond, so the water trapped below the ice can still ow towards the civilizations. The modications used to produce water are similar to

ans used a similar technique to control the inconsistent water supply that came with the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Today, irrigation canals are still used in de-

Interactive 1.1 A View of Andocco

Image 1.2 An Irrigation System Dug Out by the Farmers of Andocco This irrigation system takes water from the steep areas of the mountain, and has the water slowly move down the mountainside until it reaches the farmland in the valley.

The Residential Area The Central Government Building Pillars of Andocco The Schoolyard Police Station

those of the Mesopotamians. The Mesopotamians built complex irrigation systems across many miles of land to bring crops to their civilization. (Frey 36-37) On Frey 36, it reads: Sumerian farmers began to create irrigation systems to provide water for their elds. The Sumeri-

The Temple of Andocco

veloping Asian countries such as Pakistan and India to help get water to their crops.
Gallery 1.1 Examples of Modications

An irrigation system where the water can ow in between the rows of crops. Source: www.nagarjunafertilizers.com

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CHAPTER 2

Law & Government

Source:www.annoytheleft.wordpress.com

The peoples good is the highest law. -Cicero

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SECTION 1

Maintaining Civil Order

A gathering of the Senate in Rome. The Senate would vote on new laws for the civilization, and if a certain number of people wanted the law to be passed, it would be passed. Source: www.wall.alphacoders.com

Lessons on Democracy An important lesson to learn from Athens is to give equal opportunities to all citizens. In the Ancient Greek city, all
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Athenian men had the right to speak as they wished about new laws. The big group of citizens allowed to speak was called the assembly. This was considered

Image 2.1 Equal Opportunities for All

way, each person would have equal opportunities in both parts of government, and good ideas are never passed up. Imagine if a man had the greatest idea on how to x the rising tax rates in Athens, but he wasnt allowed to tell it to other people, so the idea was never taken into consideration. One thing we can learn from the Roman Republic is to give the people what the people want. The"patricians "the upper class - were treating the plebeians, the lower class, unfairly. The plebeians fought for their rights to be a part of the republic, and left the city altogether. This revolt started the"Conict of the Orders, which began in 494 B.C.E. The patricians

In Greece, all Athenian men had equal rights, and even poor farmers could speak their minds during the Assemblies. Source: www.zuzeeko.com

a"direct democracy, where each person has a direct effect on the government. To go even further, ve hundred Athenian citizens were randomly chosen to be on the"Council of 500"to make the laws. This

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began to give rights to the plebeians because they realized, without them, their city would crumble to dust. They gave the plebeians"veto!power, and in 367 B.C.E., they let them become"consuls"and members of the"Senate. They even let them have their own little group called the"Tribunes of the Plebs"in the middle of the fth-century B.C.E. If the patricians hadnt given the plebeians what they wished for, other civilizations could have easily attacked the city, and the patricians would be mocked for their defenselessness. They were smart enough to give the people what they wanted, and their city once again thrived in the Ancient times.

Something we can take from the great civilization of Sparta is to make sure not only one person has full power. Sparta was different than most Greek city-states because it was an"oligarchy, a form of government in which a few people are in rule. This meant that not only one person held complete power, which was fairly smart. If history repeats itself, as it often does, monarchies or other forms of government with a single ruler usually end with a tyrant, which is never in the best interest for the people. Instead, Sparta made the Council of Elders, a thirty-person Senate-type group. The Council of Elders made the laws for Sparta. They were made up of twenty-eight citizens and two kings, all over the age of sixty. The kings
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and the twenty-eight Council members could outweigh each other, so if one had an idea of selshness, the other twentynine members could outweigh it. This way, nobody ever seized full power of the city-state.

stead, they have decided to exile people, in which they are never allowed to reenter the civiCode of Laws lization. If Hammurabis Code is a well preserved they do, they Babylonian law code from the 1700s will be put to B.C.E. and it is one of the oldest decideath. Its alA clay tablet with Hammurabis Code of Laws written on it. phered code of laws in the world. Howmost as if Source: http://mrbarnesuniverse.blogspot.com/ ever, some of the laws could be very they are given harsh towards the citizens of Babylonia. another chance to lead a good life in anThe laws in the civilization of Andocco other place. Also, Andoccos laws are less are much less severe than the laws in of an eye for an eye than Hammurabis. Hammurabis Code. First, they dont beIf you murdered someone in his civilizalieve in capital punishment for people. In- tion, youd get murdered. The laws the
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Image 2.2 Hammurabis Code

people of Andocco have prepared are not so straightforward. Each person has the right to testify in court and the right to bear witness as well. This is how Andoccos code of laws contrasts from Hammurabis. All the laws in Andocco are for the best of the people. The rst law, where murder is punishable by exile is for the well being of the inhabitants of the civilization. When people are murderers, they are exiled so no more murders can occur within the civilization. If the people killed them, however, they are no better than the man or woman themselves. Another law that is helpful is the one that states a family can bear no more than three children.

This is important because once the city becomes overpopulated, people have a limit to how many new children can be born into the city. This makes it easier to keep the population in check. It could also help lower the chances of a revolt by the citizens, because there are less people to rise up in the rst place. The nal law that would be helpful is the one that states that each person must serve two years of military in a four-year time frame. This is a better attempt at a military draft. This way, people are not restricted to go at an exact time. They have a certain time slot to ll out their duties. This way, if a family is dealing with issues such as a death of a family member, or a divorce, or a new baby, some people can stay back and
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help, and then go into the military another time. These are how my laws would help my future civilization. Andoccos Code of Laws: ! Murder is punishable by exile ! No robbing, its also punishable by exile ! No money system, each person will be given basic food, water, and shelter, as long as they have a job, which is given to all adults by the high council, and the job given to each person is based on how well they did in school ! An adult is an adult once it completes its seven levels of education. Each person may advance at different speeds.
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! Children start school at the age of nine ! You can vote, run for council, and get a job when education is complete ! Women and men have equal rights to land and politics. If found that a man or women is treating another of the opposite sex worse than themselves, they will be exiled ! Each person must serve two years of military from the ages of whenever the education is completed to the age of twenty, unless elected into the government by the age of 18 ! In times of war, all men and women from the ages of 16-25 must serve in protecting the city

! If a person is suicidal they will be forced into the military ! Men and women who serve in the military will be given a plot of land to do what they please once they come back from ghting ! All people are given full healthcare ! If one dislikes the job given to them by the high council, they may request for a new one, but may not always receive it ! If a parent beats their child voluntarily, they will be exiled ! Deformed people are kept in a nursery and helped by others their entire life ! No family may bear more than three children - unless there is an exception
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with the birth of twins, triplets, etc. - but may adopt as many children as wanted ! People may only get divorced once, and must remarry people that have also divorced ! Animals are sacred, and killing or abusing an animal of any kind is punishable by exile ! Each person has the right to testify in court, and the right to bear witness

Political Leadership Lessons from Julius Caesar ! There are many important lessons the people of Andocco can take into consideration when constructing their own civili-

Image 2.3 Julius Caesar

zation. First, we learned that people couldnt prance around like they owned the area. Caesar went around wearing royal purple clothing, and stamped A rendition of Julius Caesar, the rst emperor in a new stage of Rome. his head onto Source:www.blogs.artinfo.com the Roman coin. A coin of the republic, and the republic is a place where power doesn't belong to a single person. Senators got angry with him that he got all of their power. On March 15,
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the Ides of March, in 44 B.C., he entered the Senate unarmed. He was surrounded by conspirators and stabbed 23 times. (Political Leadership of Julius Caesar Pt. 1) They must have been pretty angry to stab him twenty-three times. This was the main aw Julius Caesar had, though. Besides for the fact that he treated himself with royalty, he was a good man, with the civilization always in best interest. One thing that can be learned from studying him is that any problem can be xed if an open mind is kept for all solutions. At this point of time in Rome, many people were upset that slaves had stolen the jobs of many plebeians. Caesar xed this by limiting the amount of slave workers that could be used on each piece of land. An-

Image 2.4 Augustus Caesar

other issue was that soldiers would come home and not have anywhere to stay or go. Caesar solved this by giving soldiers who fought for him land in the newly captured cities of Carthage and Corinth. This made people WANT to ght for Caesar, and it also made the plebeians support his laws and ways of governing. Killing him was denitely a bad decision, because he was only beginning to patch up all the holes the republic and opened up. Political Leadership Lessons from Augustus Caesar ! Augustus could have been a better leader than Julius Caesar, maybe because he was a smart person. However, it seemed like he did an awful lot to learn
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from Julius Caesars mistakes when he was a ruler. On social issues, he may have been a little bit harsh on people, especially unmarried or childless women A statue of Augustus Caesar, the man to and men. He take the throne after the assassination of his gave tax breaks family member, Julius Caesar. to newlyweds or Source:http://employees.oneonta.edu/farbera s/arth/arth209/augustus.html couples with children, but the unmarried or the childless were out in the dark. These issues made him slightly unpopular with some of Romes citizens, but his positives inu-

enced Rome much more than his few aws. For starters, he made Rome safer and more beautiful (Information About Augustus 1) of a place for people to live in. He constructed the very rst re and police stations to keep people safe from burning buildings and criminals. He also restored many temples and built new things such as statues, theaters, and a large outdoor arena, or forum. (Information About Augustus 1) Not only did he help renovate the city, but he also helped the taxing issues between the plebeians and the patricians. Normally, the patricians would overtax the plebeians just to get more money for themselves. When Augustus came into rule, however, he let governors have longer terms in of21

ce to make better laws for the province they governed. He also raised the paycheck of the governors so they wouldnt have to heavily tax the people to get their money. Augustus was a great ruler, and he always thought things through well. He seemed to always have the people in mind, and created many laws that could help them thrive in their empire.

Lessons from the Decline of the Western Roman Empire The main reason for the decline of the Western Roman Empire was political corruption. In Rome, the"Praetorian Guard"gradually gained complete control to choose the new"emperor, and they of-

ten sold the throne to the highest bidder. This is a horrible thing to do because the richest"patricians"might not necessarily be ready to take the spot of emperor. If that was the case, which it was with many emperors, the leaders made bad decisions that led to the downfall of Rome. The Decline of the Western Roman Empire states, During the next 100 years, Rome had 37 different emperors 25 of whom were removed from ofce by assassination. This is an insane amount of assassinations. In double the amount of time, The United States had only four. It also states that some emperors wasted money on private parties and luxuries, whereas if the money went to the empires funding, the civilization may not have fallen
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so easily. If this money that went into the survival of the civilization instead of into the emperors pockets, the government might not have had such a difcult time paying for people to defend the city. The attacks from enemy tribes would decrease, and the civilization could have lasted much longer, long enough for someone to come along to x all the mistakes the empire has made. There are probably many solutions for this issue, but the best one is a x in education. First, education and rights are not something that should go by age, but by maturity because every person develops at different times and rates. Once a person completes school, they should be enti-

tled with voting rights to elect new leaders. High school dropouts might have voting rights while the smartest twelve yearold in the world dont? This doesnt really seem fair to everybody. The city of Andocco will have a Senate, made up of one hundred people. Any person that completed school will vote on these one hundred people every two years. If they are put on the Senate, they will discuss laws for the civilization. If two thirds or more of the Senate votes to pass a law, then the law is sent to the High Council. The High Council is a council made up of previous senators who have served six terms, because once six terms are served, it means they have strong and fair ideas. If more than half of the high council votes yes on
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a law, then the law is passed. This is a fair system in which not only one person carries all the power, for the good or the bad. This way, no single person can drastically change the status of the civilization.

CHAPTER 3

Belief Systems

Source: http://beliefsystemproject.weebly.com/

As a [person] believes, so the person will act. - Sam Harris

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SECTION 1

Impact of Belief Systems

Source: http://clccharter.org/maya2/picturesaztec.html

! Imagine a place where people had no mind to tell them right from wrong. Moral values were never taught to anybody, and nobody knew what they were.
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Its a place where the purpose of living has slowly seeped out until the people are left hollow shells, living but not entirely alive. This is the outcome of a place

with nothing to hope for or believe in. This is why a belief system is essential to a thriving civilization, whether its Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, or any other religion one may follow. A belief system, of any sort, teaches strong moral values to its followers to abide by, so they will never lose sight of the good and the evil. ! In order to further understand the importance of a belief system on society, and their inuence on their followers, acknowledge the moral dilemma below:

Judy is a twelve-year-old girl. Her mother promised her that she could go to a special rock concert coming to their town if she saved
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up her baby-sitting money to buy a ticket to the concert. She managed to save up the fteen dollars the ticket cost plus another ve dollars. But then her mother changed her mind and told Judy that she had to spend the money on new clothes for school. Judy was disappointed and decided to go to the concert anyway. She bought a ticket and told her mother that she had only been able to save ve dollars. That Saturday she went to the performance and told her mother that she was spending the day with a friend. A week passed without her mother nding out. Judy then told her older sister, Louise, that she had gone to the performance and had lied to her mother about it. Louise wonders whether to tell their mother what Judy did.

! If Louise were Hindu, the effects of karma on her life would lead her to strive to tell her Image 3.1 Statue of Hindu Lord Shiva mother about what her sister had done. Karma is a Hindu belief that if one does well, they will be rewarded in the next life, and if one Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism does evil, they will be punished in the next life. In this situation, being honest with her mother is the way that her karma will
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stay positive. Even though her mother may have broken a promise, what is more important is to keep thinking about the next life, and in order to receive good karma, she must be honorable towards her mother and tell her about the issue involving her sister. This is how the Hindu belief system can provide moral guidance to Louise, and lead her to tell her mother about the concert Judy attended.

! If Louise practiced Buddhism, she would tell her mother about the concert because of the teachings she has learned from the Eightfold Path. To reach enlightenment, all Buddhists must follow the Eightfold Path. The Eightfold Path is a

Image 3.2 Statue of Buddha

group of beliefs that show someone the path to enlightenment. It shows basic moral values for people to follow, so that they may never forget to be the best they can be. On Frey 159, the Eightfold Path tells the reader to Be careful and truthful in what you say. Do not lie or gossip. Louise may not have directly lied to her mother if she hadnt told her, but if she had, then she would be projecting the truth, and, as a Buddhist, she must be truthful in what she says. If Louise were Buddhist, her teachings of the Eightfold Path, and her common knowledge to be truthful in what she says and does, will lead her to be honest with her mother about the concert her sister attended.

! On the other hand, if Louise followed the teachings of Confucius, the value of relationships and the Golden Rule would have her refrain from telling her mother about the concert her sisBuddha gave up everything to nd out ter had attended. how to reach enlightenment. Source: Confucius behttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism lieved that there were ve basic relationships, one of them being siblings. He says that all people must obey the ones above them, and in turn, the ones below them must be
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treated with respect. In this situation, Louise would have respected the relationship between her sister and herself, and would have refrained from telling her mother about the incident with her sister. Confucius is probably best known, however, for constructing the Golden Rule. On Frey 209, Confucius is quoted: Do not do to others what you would not want done to you. Had Louise been in the same situation as Judy, she would not have wanted Judy to tell her mother either. If she keeps quiet, and then does a something her mother would disapprove of, her sister will respect the Golden Rule, just like Louise had. If Louise strictly followed Confucius and his religion, then she would have been taught to value her relation29

ships, and only expect what she dishes out, which is why she will keep quiet about the concert Judy attended.

! As you can see, having a religion is crucial to the everyday life of people. Its involved in our actions, decisions, and becomes a part of us. It doesnt matter what religion a person may followBuddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism, or any other religionbecause any religion will show people the power of their actions. Without them, people would have no way to be guided through their behaviors and moral judgment. A belief system is so critical to humans because it teaches strong moral values to follow and live by.

Impact of Belief Systems in Medieval Europe

small in the big picture. To explain the importance of salvation, look at the story of King Henry and Pope Gregory.
Image 3.3 The Catholic Church

The belief system of the Catholic church has been crucial in the rise of the people of Europe during medieval times. Through the cruciality of salvation, the church had power over many people. Salvation meant an eternal life in heaven, but could only be achieved by following the churchs teachings and living a moral life. During this time, a hierarchy lead European societies, and the idea of salvation allowed peasants and serfs to have an unhappy life on earth, but then achieve rights into heaven after their deaths, making their initial life seem very
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Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church

Pope Gregory wanted to pass laws that stated only popes could appoint church ofcials, but King Henry, under the power of the divine right of kings, objected. The divine right of kings is the belief that kings were given the right to rule

by God. King Henry announced that Pope Gregory shall no longer be Pope, but he retaliated by banning Henry from the church, or excommunicating him. Through the process of excommunication, Henry could no longer achieve salvation, and begged to the Pope for forgiveness. This story explains the power of salvation, because if it was not achieved, one could be eternally suffering in hell. On Frey 34, it states, To believers, hell was a real and terrifying place. Its torments, such as re and demons, were pictured in vivid detail in many paintings. These paintings and stories were enough to make people try their hardest to achieve salvation. The power of the church affected everybodys daily lives, from the
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taxes they paid to the morality of their actions. As a result, the church became a force to be reckoned with during the High Middle Ages in medieval Europe.

Belief System of Andocco

In an effort to create a successful civilization, the people of Anndocco have established their own belief system. It shares similar religious beliefs and teaching with other world religions and helps the people of Andocco live with strong moral values. Here are some examples.

! The word Bloosha means balance between good and evil. The people of Andocco believe that doing good will result in good things, and doing bad will result in bad things. When a person does a good thing, the universe rewards that person by doing something good for them, and vice versa. In order to keep the balance against evil, people must constantly enforce positive action upon others, because it keeps balance. In order to rid of the evil, men and women visit the Holy Temple Bloosha, a place to rid of evil. Within the Temple is a small, dark room where people may admit their wrongdoings, and plead to the universe for forgiveness. Also, people may tell the universe the good things they have done, wading off
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the evil within the world and oneself. This belief is similar to that of the Hindus belief in karma. Karma is the belief that if one does good, they will be rewarded in the next life, and if one does bad, they will be punished in their next life. This belief allows for a successful civilization because it urges people to strive to good instead of bad, making for more positive contributors in a society. The more positive contributors there are, the better the civilization can be. Two heads are better than one.

! Alindash is a belief that each persons life matters, and that people need to value every living thing on Earth. Accord-

ing to the holy book, murder is the worst possible sin a man or woman can commit. Alindash means signicance, signaling that every living thing was brought into this world with signicance. This belief is similar to the belief the Hindus have that animals must be respected. Many people following the Hindu religion have become vegetarian in respect for these animals. This belief makes for a successful civilization because it adds to the overall productivity of the civilization. Instead of using animals as food, people of Alindash can work together with animals to farm and transport goods. Also, there is a ban on murder and capital punishment within the civilization. This ban would increase the overall population of the civili33

zation because when there are no murders, there are more people, and Alindash states that every person counts. When everybody is pacic and hardworking, a small civilization can become a powerful place.

! Zimbra is the belief that teaches people to not only respect the lives of others, but learn to love and care for many people, through both attitude and charity. Zimbra is Andoccian for priority. The people of Andocco believe that is it a top priority to be caring and loving towards other people within the civilization. Paraphrasing from the holy book of Andocco, it is a virtue to give to people in need,

and be grateful for the things you have. The second Friday of every month is a Day of Zimbra, a day to give to those in need, and celebrate the things you have. During the Day of Zimbra, people donate food and clothing to those in need. This belief is similar to the third pillar of Islam, better known as Zakat. Zakat is the belief that one must give 2.5% of all of their earnings to charity. This makes for a successful civilization because it teaches people to think of other before themselves, and it results in a united group of thoughtful citizens. A small but united group is much more powerful than a much larger, but divided, group of people. When a group is united, it creates a

powerful community that could make for a very successful civilization.

Belief Structures of Andocco " In the 200 B.C.E's, a man named Ashoka ruled India. Ashoka wanted a united empire tied together by Buddhist values. As a solution to spread these values, Ashoka had edicts carved into rocks, walls, and tall pillars that promoted Buddhist values, general welfare, justice, and security. In Andocco, three pillars stand tall amongst the civilization, and reect the tall, yet slim, structure of the pillars of Ashoka. On the pillars in Andocco are carved edicts, much like the pillars standing in India. This structure makes for a
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successful civilization because it reminds people of the good things they can do, rather than the bad. The messages are read by everybody, and they are constantly telling people to be good and follow right moral values.

ples of the Aztecs. The Aztecs used the same pyramid-like structure as the people of Andocco have to construct their
Gallery 3.1 Belief Structurs of Andocco

! In Andocco, this religious structure, named the Temple Bloosha, is built under the belief system of this civilization. Within this design reects the belief system of the people of Andocco because they believe that they can let their sins go by praying, and the hole within the roof allows sins to escape from the good of the religious structure. This structure is very similar to the design of the religious tem35

The Holy Temple Bloosha is a place where people may go to help rid of the sins they have committes.

temple. This structure allows people to release the sins they have committed and start anew with their lives. It is important because even those who have done wrong can be forgiven, making life more enjoyable for the people living in Andocco.

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CHAPTER 4

Ideas

Source: http://docsandtv.les.wordpress.com/2009/08/xsmall_lightbulb-owers.jpg

A [person] may die, nations may rise and fall, but an idea lives on -John F. Kennedy
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SECTION 1

Power of Ideas

Source: www.onlyhdwallpapers.com

Advancing Ideas Within a Civilization ! Within a civilization, a humanist mindset plays a key role in its advancement. Humanism rst began in Italy as a
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result of a brand new interest in cultures of the classical era. Many early humanists hunted down ancient artifacts such as books, coins, and artworks that could

help them learn about the classical world. The humanist mindset always challenges everything, and uses the word, why more than any other. Humanists used their questioning nature to look with fresh eyes at nature and human society (Frey 324). The humanist mindset contributed to the fresh burst of creativity that occurred during the Renaissance. When people ask why, they gain new knowledge about their surroundings. Why does the sun not shine at night? Why is the grass green and not pink? Without questions that challenge the thoughts of the human mind, we would be nowhere near where we are today. With the powerful mind of the human backed by knowledge and eagerness to learn, there is nothing
39

standing in the way between the human and new questions, new technology, and new ideas. This is why the humanist mindset became such a powerful asset to many people during the Renaissance.

! A key role to the success of a civilization is an investment in science and mathematics to continue the advancement of new ideas and fresh discovery. Before the Renaissance, almost everything believed about nature and its realm were based on ancient texts. As humanism developed, many people began to question the age-old ideas. Instead of simply relying on the old books from the Greeks, they performed experiments. They ana-

lyzed data and results using logic and mathematics. This new form of research changed the way science was studied. The Renaissance was not just a time of progress in The Renaissance was an important time of advancement in science and the arts. Scholars mathematics. Source: http://schools.nyc.gov/NR/rdonlyres and others also /A95AF6CB-E26C-40BF-A41A-65 460FEDB247/86530/science.gif made great advances in science and mathematics (Frey 329). By emphasizing observation and experiment throughout the Renaissance, many scientists and astronomers paved the way for the scientic revolution and the modern era of science and mathemat40

Image 4.1 Science and Mathematics

ics. Within Florence, an investment in science and mathematics created new technologies and new ways of thinking during the Renaissance, which proved to be a great contribution.

The Danger of New Ideas ! Throughout the Reformation, the inquisitive minds of many people allowed the breakthrough of new religions. People broke free from the Catholic Church and began a new branch of the Christian faith. During the Reformation Era, new questions and ideas by individuals caused people to rethink their faith and question widely accepted practices of the Catholic Church. These questions and ideas are

helpful in advancing a civilization and its way of life, but can ultimately threaten the traditional culture and structure. Individuals found ways to think outside the box from the customary beliefs and create their own Protestant faiths, which sparked a revolution in the people of the Renaissance, contributing to the cause of the start of a time known as the Reformation.

! By the time the Late Middle Ages came around, there were two major problems that put the Catholic Church into a tricky position. The rst was there was corruption and new ideas occurring within the church. The second was politi41

cal conict between the Pope and the kings and queens of Europe. During the Dark Ages, the Catholic Church united the people of Western Europe into a stable civilization. However, the church became involved in politics and economics, and many devout Catholics felt that the churchs religious aspects were becoming corrupt. People also felt that the churchs means to earn money to sustain the power of the church were questionable. One practice was the selling of indulgences (Frey 348). An indulgence was forgiveness for a sin. Many people thought that salvation and forgiveness for sins was not something that could be bought, but something that was earned through strong faith and good deeds.

Image 4.2 Danger of New Ideas

This idea that people could do bad things and just buy their way out of trouble didnt appeal to many people of the Catholic Church. Another moneymaking technique the church used was simony. Simony was the selling of ofces to people willing to buy. The Church sold many high positions to people who were unqualied to work at those statuses. Many of the nobles and knights bought positions only for the intake of money, and knew nothing about working in a Holy Place. When Catholics had to look up to inadequate workers in the church, they began to questions the promise the Catholic Church held, which left the church with fewer followers than before.

There is a danger of new ideas, as it can threaten the old ones, and take over the widely accepted beliefs of others, creating conict. Source: http://skyd.s3.amazonaws.com/2011/01/Danger-Sign.j pg

Many Reformers not only broke away from the Catholic Church, but also went one step further to question the beliefs and practices supported by it. Probably the most questioned practice of the church was the selling of indulgences and
42

simony. Many Reformers thought it immoral and attacked the right the church had to trade sin for salary. Many clergy were sworn to live a life of poverty, yet bathed in the riches gained from taxes and moneymaking practices. Many Reformers also attacked the Pope himself, stating that he was not of religious authority. In Catholicism, the Pope is the messenger from God himself, but Reformers believed the Bible was the only material object that held religious authority. The Bible was written evidence, while the Pope could be twisting and turning the ideas into his own. As a result, many Reformers translated the Bible into a more common language side Latin. [Jan Hus, a Bohemian priest,] wanted both the Bibles and
43

the mass to be offered in the common language of the people instead of Latin (Frey 351). This allowed many more people to study the Bible and its religious offerings, as opposed to listening to the Pope, whether he was right or wrong. Many of these attacks on the church by early Reformers helped to kindle a revolution in belief systems, which would sooner or later threaten the power of the Catholic Church.

! The Reformers and Protestants ideas and new technology threatened the Catholic Church and the power and authority it had over the people. During the Middle Ages, people stuck close to the Catholic

Church so that after dying, they could achieve salvation and go to heaven. However, when the Catholic Church began to undergo questionable practices, many Catholics became dubious. As more Reformers spread the word about the churchs wrongdoings, the more people became attracted to new forms of the Christian faith (Frey 354). As the group of Reformers grew larger, the practicality and speed of the printing press helped to quicken the spread of ideas among Europe, allowing new concepts to grow rapidly. To help spread ideas, many Reformers attacked the morals of the church, from the selling of indulgences and simony to the authority of the Pope. Many Reformers also translated the Bible
44

and gave it to the people in their common language, telling them that it is the only source of religious authority. As time went on, the Catholic Church grew less and less powerful and had less authority over the oncoming storm of the Protestant religions.

! As time went by, the Reformers became more and more and more powerful, and the Catholic Church decided it was time to take a stand. The Catholic Churchs method of getting the power and authority they wanted was quite simple: take out the enemy. Many Reformers and their followers were persecuted and burned at the stake. Others were excom-

municated from the church or accused of heresy, or opposition against the Catholic Church. After the church punished the opposing force, any writings or teaching they had materially would be burned or banned from further publishing. By killing the Reformers, there was no more threat to the society, because they could no longer spread ideas to new people. By excommunicating Reformers or accusing them of heresy, their words became less valuable because loyal followers of the Catholic Church couldnt trust them. A great example is John Wycliffe. The pope accused Wycliffe of heresy. After his death, the church had his writings burned (Frey 350). The church attempted to stop the ideas of his from
45

spreading, but Wycliffes ideas had a wide inuence (Frey 350). The churchs attempts to cease new ideas from getting out worked in the sense that many Reformers were persecuted and unable to spread the ideas, but the inuence these ideas had on other people was so immense that the words of the Protestants got out eventually.

! In Andocco, the civilians wish not to rely on such a gruesome punishment for the input of new ideas, and accept new thoughts and practices. The people in Andocco with new ideas will be trusted to take it upon themselves to visit the lawmaking body of the government, and pre-

sent the ideas to it. The body of the government will then create a public vote, in which people may either agree to the new idea, or veto it. This not only gives every presentable idea a chance to be heard out, but also gives a people a say in their law, creating a more democratic society. However, in the event that someone has an idea that conicts with an idea already established, the idea will automatically be put down, disallowed to be voted upon. Corruption in government is a huge reason for a civilizations downfall, and the Andoccian people dont people thinking they can just storm into the government buildings of Andocco and continually present ideas that could threaten the beliefs and structure of a civilization. If an An46

doccian woman comes to the government building, asking for red to be worn on Friday as a symbol of releasing sins, then the idea will be voted upon, as it could help to unite the people through orthodox religion. However, if a woman stormed into the building asking for everyone in the building to convert to Judaism, the idea would be set aside. This way, the good ideas have opportunities to be established in the civilization, yet potentially threatening or inferior ideas will be go unused. By this method, the people of Andocco allow new ideas to be brought into the civilization, without the threatening side to it.

Power of Individual Ideas

Image 4.3 William Shakespeare

! William Shakespeare was a major gure in the Renaissance. Many people re- William Shakespeare was an English playwright during the Renaissance, gard him as the writing 37 plays in his lifetime. worlds greatest writer, writing over thirty plays in a poetic format. When Shakespeare left home in his twenties, he became an actor for a theater company, but later decided to become a playwright. Shakespeare was gifted with an amazing talent to express human emotion through his writing. He
47

used emotional characters to help describe his vivid description of life. He also had a great sense of humor that snuck into his writing from time to time. He was gifted with an ability to write about almost anything. His stories focused on themes from romance to politics to suicide and war. Shakespeare had a great inuence on all writers, which helped to advance the art of playwright and acting in Europe. Shakespeare also created many words and phrases that we still use in our writing today, from assassination to excitement.

! Shakespeare would be a great addition to have in Andocco. A playwright, es-

pecially one as gifted as Shakespeare, would be welcomed with open arms. The people of Andocco would love entertainment to help them get away from their busy lives, and his universal themes like jealousy, greed, and love would hit home to anyone listening to his great stories. Andocco would also be grateful to have Shakespeare in their civilization because he would help advance the language used in Andocco. He could become the monitor of schools teachings in grammar and language during his free time, and help give children their rightful education. There are many ways Shakespeare could contribute in the Andoccian society, and having him there would denitely

contribute to the power of the civilization. ! ! Nicolaus Copernicus was a great astronomer during the Scientic Revolution who changed the way people saw the universe. For almost two thousand years prior to Nicolaus, most people believed all celestial bodies rotated around the Earth. This geocentric theory was taught by Aristotle and supported by the church, so everybody believed it to be true. Over time, many scientists have pointed out problems with the geocentric theory. In the 1500s, Copernicus developed a new perspective. His heliocentric theory states all celestial bodies rotate around
48

Image 4.4 Nicolaus Copernicus the sun. He explained the Earth rotated on its axis, giving the impression of heavenly objects moving across the sky. He thought his theory was simpler and Nicolaus Copernicus was an astronomore satisfying mer during the Renaissance who dea new thoery about the works than [the geocen- veloped of the solar system Source: http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biog tric thoery], yet raphy/pics/Copernicus.jpg very few people were convinced by it. (Frey 390) Many schurch ofcials attacked his theory because it went against the churchs teachings. Although few people were convinced, rational scientists like Galileo and

Johannes Kepler were open to this theory, and built upon the idea, changing the way many people saw the universe.

! The art of science would be greatly appreciated in the Andoccian civilization. In Andocco, the people use science to help discover new things, and create new ideas. The new ideas discovered by scientists as great as Nicolaus Copernicus would be greatly welcomed. The reason that scientists were disregarded during the Renaissance was because the church didnt agree with the new ideas. In Andocco, the people use science to gure out things that are understandable, and use religion to comprehend the rest. This
49

way, there is no threat or clash of ideas in scientic discovery. Nicolaus Copernicus could also help to create new technology, which would be put to great use in Andocco. Many ancient civilizations collapsed due to inferior technology, the biggest example being Rome. Nicolaus Copernicus, being the great scientist he was, could add a new level of depth in research for the people of Andocco; he could use his research to develop new technologies and weaponry, and his teachings could add to the overall strength and power of the civilization.

Inuence of Roman Ideas on Andocco

Image 4.5 The Andoccian Capitol Building

The Andoccian Capitol Building This is the main government building for the civilization of Andocco. On either side of the open hallway, the laws are written out for everybody to see. In the pyramid-shaped building on top is where the Senate will hold its
50

meetings to discuss laws and problems of the civilization. This building is inuenced by Roman architecture. The Romans enhanced arches during their reign. The people of Andocco have decided to use the ideas from Rome and built arches as well.
Interactive 4.1 The Andioblin River Bridge

The Andioblin River Bridge This structure allows people without boats or swimming abilities to cross the river to get to Geometric Mosaic other helpful resources on the other side, such as Arched Design the trading post. Without this structure, only people with boats, a minimal amount of the population, could use the amount of land on the other side, instead of letting the whole civilization cross and prosper from the extra land. Although this structure is useful, it mainly re1 2 ects the inuence the Romans had on the artistic view of the people of Andocco. The artists of the civilization came together to create

51

a mosaic on the bridge oor, one similar to the mosaics wealthy Romans had on the walls and oors.

The Central Aqueduct This structure helps serve the public good by transporting water from farther distances so it is closer to the people. This allows people to spend less time fetching water, and more time doing important things such as farming or taking care of the sick. Roman engineering heavily inuences this structure. The Romans created aqueducts to help get water to the city using advanced slop engineering to keep water owing through the city. This civilization used the same techniques to bring water into our civilization

52

SECTION 2

Bibliography: Frey, Wendy. History Alive!: The Ancient World. Palo Alto, CA: Teachers' Curriculum Institute, 2011. Print. Frey, Wendy. History Alive!: The Medieval World and Beyond. Palo Alto, CA: Teachers' Curriculum Institute, 2011. Print.

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Arabian mountains
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Chapter 1 - Untitled

Arabs
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Section 1 - Introduction

Assembly
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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order

Athens
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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order

Augustus Caesar
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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order

Aztecs
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Section 1 - Introduction

Bedouins
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Chapter 1 - Untitled

Belief system
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Chapter 3 - Impact of Belief Systems

Bible
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Chapter 4 - Power of Ideas

Buddhism
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Chapter 3 - Impact of Belief Systems

Catholic Church
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Chapter 4 - Power of Ideas

Clergy
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Chapter 4 - Power of Ideas

Conict of the Orders

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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order

Confucianism
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Chapter 3 - Impact of Belief Systems

Confucius
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Chapter 3 - Impact of Belief Systems

Consuls
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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order

Council of 500
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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order

Council of Elders
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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order

Dark Ages
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Chapter 4 - Power of Ideas

Direct democracy
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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order

Eightfold Path
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Chapter 3 - Impact of Belief Systems

Emperor
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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order

Empire
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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order

Forum
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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order

Geocentric theory
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Chapter 4 - Power of Ideas

Golden Rule
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Chapter 3 - Impact of Belief Systems

Greeks
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Section 1 - Introduction

Heliocentric theory
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Chapter 4 - Power of Ideas

Hindu
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Chapter 3 - Impact of Belief Systems

Hinduism
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Chapter 3 - Impact of Belief Systems

Humanism
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Chapter 4 - Power of Ideas

Ides of March
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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order

Indulgences
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Chapter 4 - Power of Ideas

Irrigation canals
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Chapter 1 - Untitled

Julius Caesar
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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order

Karma
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Chapter 3 - Impact of Belief Systems

Kings
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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order

Mayans
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Section 1 - Introduction

Mesopotamians
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Chapter 1 - Untitled

Monarchies
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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order

Moral values
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Chapter 3 - Impact of Belief Systems

Oligarchy
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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order

Patricians
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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order

Plebeians
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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order

Pope
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Chapter 4 - Power of Ideas

Praetorian Guard
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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order

Protestant faiths
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Chapter 4 - Power of Ideas

Reformation
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Chapter 4 - Power of Ideas

Religion
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Chapter 3 - Impact of Belief Systems

Renaissance
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Chapter 4 - Power of Ideas

Roman Republic
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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order

Romans
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Section 1 - Introduction

Salvation
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Chapter 4 - Power of Ideas

Senate
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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order

Senators
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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order

Simony
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Chapter 4 - Power of Ideas

Sparta
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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order

Successful civilization
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Chapter 1 - Untitled

Sumerians
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Chapter 1 - Untitled

Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

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Chapter 1 - Untitled

Tribunes of the Plebs

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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order

Tyrant
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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order

Veto"power
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Chapter 2 - Maintaining Civil Order