Bai Tap Dai Cuong Kim Loai 12

TOM TAT LY THUYET AI CNG VE KIM LOAI I Vi tr ca c !
!i" #$a%i tr$&' HTTH( 89l @ ,A* *9l*A, Cac nguyen to kim loai thuoc: Cu @ Cl* CuCl* - PNC nhom I ,II. >( Ta c <+%&' 42 i << a ?it( - PNP t nhom I- VII a. ?? Cl, *=A8 loa4ng. o lan tan !a actini. Bn @ Cl BnCl* @ * - "ot #ha$n PNC nhom III,IV,V !a VI. Bn@ *=A8 Bn=A8 @ * II)Ca*+ ta%$ c+,a &'+-./& t0, !i" #$a%i( .. -ac 3ung !/i aCit co t(nh oCy hoa - Cac nguyen t% kim loai co &o e ngoai Cu @ NA, CuDNA,E* @ NA* @ *A. cung 'at (t ), * hoa+c ,e. @( Ta c <+%&' 42 i <+&' <Ac3 "+$*i( - -'ong chu ky nguyen t% kim loai co .an Bn @ CuCl* BnCl* @ Cu k(nh l/n h/n !a 0ien t(ch hat nhan nho% C(Ba6- 1i.5& 3$a ( h/n &o !/i cac #hi kim. I( Ca8= $?-3$ a !30, c+,a Ki" #$a%i III) Ca*+ ta%$ 12& c3a*t !i" #$a%i. Fe*@ @ *e Fe 1im loai co cau tao mang tinh the2 go$m *@ Cu @ *e Cu ion 3/ng 3ao 0ong lien tuc tai cac nut @ 9g @ )e 9g mang !a cac hat e t chuye2n 0ong gi4a Chat oCh Chat kh% cac ion 3/ng. "o7i chat oCyhoa !a chat kh% cu%a cung Co , kie2u mang tinh the2. mot nguyen to kim loai tao nen ca+# IV) Li./& !.*t !i" #$a%i( - la lien ket &inh 'a 3o cac e t 3o ga5n oCyhoa G kh%. M &CDM cac ion 3/ng kim loai !/i nhau. II( E$ Fa &3 t&3 c3a*t c+,a &306&' ca8= - 0a+c 0ie2m lien ket : 6 3o tat ca% cac e t 3o t'ong kim loai tham O?-3$ a !30,( ). Ca+# Fe *@H Fe !a Cu*@H Cu gia . Fe @ Cu*@ Fe*@ @ Cu D)E 6 3o lc hut cu%a ion 3/ng !a cac e t 3o. -Fe*@ co t(nh oCyhoa yeu h/n Cu*@. A(T&3 c3a*t 4a5t #- c+,a !i" #$a%i -Fe co t(nh kh% manh h/n Cu. I) L- t&3 c3+&' c+,a Ki" #$a%i ( ). -(nh 3e%o. *. -(nh 3a7n 0ien ,. -(nh *. ca+# oCyhoa G kh%. Cu*@HCu !a 9g@H 9g 3a7n nhiet Cu @ *9g@ Cu*@ @ *9g D*E 8. 9:nh kim. *@ Nh4ng t(nh chat !at ly chung cu%a 1im -Cu co t(nh oCyhoa yeu h/n 9g@. loai la 3o cac hat e t 3o t'ong mang tinh -Cu co t(nh kh% manh h/n 9g. K.*t #+a5& G the2 kim loai gay 'a. -(nh oCy hoa cu%a cac ion Fe *@ I Cu*@ I 9g@ II( N306&' t&3 c3a*t 4a5t #- !3a c( -(nh kh% cu%a cac 1im loai FeJ CuJ 9g ).-; khoi III( Ba6- 1i.5& 3$ a( *. Nhiet 0o nong cha%y., ). ?a4y 0ien hoa. =K1 ,. 0o cng. "o7i kim loai co t; khoi, nhiet nong *. L: nghia4 cu%a 3a4y 0ien hoa. cha%y, 0o cng khac nhau . Nh4ng 0a+c ? 0oan chie$u cu%a #ha%n ng gi4a cac ca+# oCyhoa G kh%.-heo Mui ta5c an#ha. t(nh nay la 3o no #hu thuoc !ao : I( A&3 &'3Ha. - <an k(nh, 0ien t(ch nguyen t%. /# kim la chat 'a5n thu 0/c &au khi nung - 1hoi l/ng nguyen t% nong cha%y mot ho7n h/# nhie$u kim loai - "at 0o e t 3o. khac nhau hoa+c ho7n h/# kim loai !a #hi 7(H$a t&3 c+,a !i" #$a%i( I( 1a8c 1i.9" 4.: ca*+ ta%$ c+,a &'+-./& kim. II( ca*+ ta%$ c+,a 32%= !i"( t0, Ki" #$a%i ( /# kim co , cau tao tinh the2. - .an k(nh nguyen t% l/n. ). -inh the2 ho7n h/#. - =o e hoa t'> nho% ?o 0o cac e ngoai cung th/ng 3e7 .> *. -inh the2 3ung 3>ch 'a5n. ,. -inh the2 h/# chat hoa hoc. tach kho%i l/# !o% nguyen t%. III( Li./& !.*t 3$ a 3$%c tr$&' 32%= !i" II( H$ a t&3 c3+&' c+,a Ki" #$a%i . " "n@ @ ne T&3 !30, ;( Ta c <+%&' 42 i =3i !i"(
BI TP CHNG 5: I CNG KIM LOI
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung

- Nien ket kim loai. - Nien ket cong hoa t'> IV( T&3 c3a*t c+,a 32%= !i"( 6-(nh chat hoa hoc cu%a h/# kim t/ng t nh cac kim loai t'ong ho7n h/# .an 0a$u. 6 N( t(nh !a c/ hoc cu%a h/# kim khac nhie$u &o !/i cac kim loai .an 0a$u. a. -(nh 3a7n 0ien, 3a7n nhiet : -ha# h/n &o !/i cac kim loai .an 0a$u. .. /# kim th/ng cng !a gion h/n &o !/i cac kim loai .an 0a$u. c. Nhiet 0o nong cha%y tha# h/n &o !/i cac kim loai .an 0a$u. B( aI& "$J& Ki" #$a%i . O>nh nghPa: = #ha hu%y .e$ ma+t kim loai hay h/# kim 3o tac 3ung hoa hoc cu%a moi t'/ng Cung Muanh goi la & aQn mon kim loai . M M&C C &. ;( aI& "$J& H$ a 3$%c ( a. 1hai niem: aQn mon hoa hoc la & #ha hu%y kim loai hay h/# kim 3o #ha%n ng !/i chat kh( hoa+c h/i n/c /% nhiet 0o cao. .. V( 3u. c. 0a+c 0ie2m: khong #hat &inh 3ong 0ien, /% nhiet 0o cang cao thR Mua t'Rnh aQn mon 3ie7n 'a cang nhanh. 3. <a%n chat: la mot Mua t'Rnh oCyhoa G kh% . Slect'on chuye2n t'c tie# t kim loai &ang moi t'/ng. >( aI& "$J& 1i.5& 3$ a( a. 1hai niem: la & #ha hu%y kim loai, h/# kim 3o kim loai , h/# kim tie# Cuc !/i 33 chat 0ien li tao nen 3ong 0ien. .. V( 3u: Nhung thanh ho7n h/# * kim loai Bn G Cu noi nhau Mua 3ay 3a7n !a !on ke !ao 3ung 3>ch *=A8 loa4ng . - Tuan &at hien t/ng. - Kia%i th(ch hien t/ng. c. 0ie$u kien Ca%y 'a Mua t'Rnh aQn mon -co cac 0ien cc khac nhau D 1im loai khac nhau, 1im loai G #hi kimE - cac 0ien cc #ha%i tie# Cuc !/i nhau - cung tie# Cuc !/i 33 chat 0ien li. c. C/ che aQn mon 0ien hoa . 6Uet Mua t'Rnh aQn mon gang , the# D Fe G CE t'ong khong kh( a2m. 6Ou% , 0ie$u kien cu%a Mua t'Rnh aQn mon 0ien hoa . 6 cc am: DFeE Fe Fe*@ @ *e Fe*@ Fe,@ @ )e 6Cc 3/ng D C. * @ @ *e * 3, .a%n chat: la mot Mua t'Rnh oCyhoa G kh% Ca%y 'a t'en .e$ ma+t cac 0ien cc. Cc am: oCy hoa cac kim loai Cc 3/ng: 1h% @ hay n/c co cha A* II( ca c3 c3$*&' F0% aI& "$J& Ki" #$a%i ( 6 cach #hong chong & aQn mon 1im loai , .a%o !e 1im loai 3a t'en nguyen ta5c chong, kRm ha4m Mua t'Rnh o Cy hoa 1im loai . Nguye7n ta5c: Chong Mt o Cy hoa 1im loai co 8 #h/ng #ha#. ).Cach li kim loai !/i moi t'/ng. *.?ung h/# chat chong g; ,. ?ung chat chong aQn mon 8. Ph/ng #ha# 0ien hoa. E( i.:+ c3.* !i" #$a%i I( N'+-./& taKc 1i.:+ c3.* Ki" #$a%i ( 1h% ion 1im loai t'ong cac h/# chat M&C C &. M II( L302&' =3a = 1i.:+ c3.*( ;( L302&' =3a = t3+,- #+-.5&( a. <a%n chat: ?ung kim loai manh 0e2 0a2y kim loai yeu h/n 'a kho%i 3ung 3>ch muoi. .. Ki/i han: Oie$u che nh4ng 1im loai co t(nh kh% yeu D &au CuE c. V( 3u. > ( L302&' =3a = &3i.5t #+-.5&( a. <a%n chatV ?ung cac chat kh% nh CA, *, C, 9l 0e2 kh% ion kim loai t'ong oCi3 /% nhiet 0o cao. .. Ki/i han : 0ie$u che nh4ng kim loai co t(nh kh% t'ung .Rnh D&au 9lE @( L302&' =3a = 1i.5& =3a/&( M i.5& =3a/& &$ &' c3a,-( a. <a%n chat : 1h% ion kim loai .aWng 3ong 0ien ) chie$u .. gi/i han: -h/ng 0ie$u che nh4ng kim loai co t(nh kh% manh Ni G 9l. c. V( 3u: 0ien #han nong cha%y muoi, hi3'oCi3, oCit. M 1i.5& =3a/& <+&' <Ac3G( a.<a%n chat: t/ng t 0#nc .. gi/i han: 0ie$u che cac kim loai co t(nh kh% t'ung .Rnh , yeu. c. V( 3u : Oien #han 3ung 3>ch CuCl * 6 O>nh l/ng t'ong 0ien #han: O>nh luat Xa 'a 0ay. AIt m Y nF -'ong 0o : 9 Nguyen t% l/ng I C/ng 0o 3ong t th/i gian 0ien #han n &o elect'on t'ao 0o2i F haWng &o Fa'a0ay. 2
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung

V T!" C#$ KIM LOI T!ONG HTTH C%u &' S electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t kim loi thuc nhm ! l $' "# B' 2# C' $# D' 1# C%u (' S electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t kim loi thuc nhm ! l $' "# B' 2# C' $# D' 1# C%u )' %&ng th'c chung ca o(it kim loi thuc nhm ! l $' )2*"# B' )*2# C' )2*# D' )*# C%u *' %&ng th'c chung ca o(it kim loi thuc nhm ! l $' )2*"# B' )*2# C' )2*# D' )*# C%u 5' %+u h,nh electron ca nguyn t -a ./ 0111 l $' 122222 2p3 "22# B' 122222 2p3# C' 1222222p3"21# D' 1222222p3 "22"p1# C%u +' 4ai kim loi 56u thuc nhm ! trong 78ng tu9n hon l $' Sr: ;# B' -a: <a# C' <e: !l# D' %a: <a# C%u ,' 4ai kim loi 56u thuc nhm ! trong 78ng tu9n hon l $' Sr: ;# B' -a: ;# C' <e: !l# D' %a: <a# C%u -' -guyn t =e c / 0 23: c+u h,nh e ca =e l $' >!r ? "@3 $22# B' >!r ? $21"@A# C' >!r ? "@A $21# D' >!r ? $22"@3# C%u .' -guyn t %u c / 0 2B: c+u h,nh e ca %u l $' >!r ? "@B $22# B' >!r ? $22"@B# C' >!r ? "@1C $21# D' >!r ? $21"@1C# $ 2 C%u &/' -guyn t %r c / 0 2$: c+u h,nh e ca %r l $' >!r ? "@ $2 # B' >!r ? $22"@$# C' >!r ? "@D $21# D' >!r ? $21"@D# C%u &&' -guyn t !l c / 0 1": c+u h,nh e ca !l l $' 1222222p3"22"p1# B' 1222222p3"2"# C' 1222222p3"22"p"# D' 1222222p3"22"p2# F C%u &(' %ation E c c+u h,nh electron lp ngoi cng 2222p3 l $' )7F# B' -aF# C' GiF# D' ;F# T"NH CH0T VT L1 CH2NG KIM LOI C%u &' Hrong 2 cc kim loi 2au: cc kim loi no 5IJc (em l m6m nh+t# !# -a: ; :Eg <# -a: %a %# -a: ; K# %a: Eg C%u (' Hrong 2 cc kim loi 2au: cLp kim loi no c nhiMt 5 nng ch8y cao nh+t N th+p nh+t#O !# =e: 4g <# !u: P %# P: 4g K# %u: 4g C%u )' Qi6u no 2au 5Ry 5IJc khSng 5Tnh l 2aiO !# Hrong mt chu k,: 2 hiMu nguyn t tUng tVnh kim loi tUng @9n# <# Wh9n ln cc nguyn t kim loi 56u c tX 1 "e lp ngoi cng# %# ;im loi c 5 Rm 5iMn 7Y hZn phi kim# K# H+t c8 cc kim loi 56u c nh kim# C%u *' HVnh ch+t N[t l\ 5Lc trIng ca kim loi lO 1# % nh kim ] 2# -hiMt 5 nng ch8y cao ] "# K^n 5iMn ] $# K^n nhiMt ] D# Q r_n cao ] 3# ;hi lIJng ring ln# -h`ng tVnh ch+t no nu trn ph hJp Ni thac tb .5i Ni h9u hbt cc kim loi1# !# 1: 2: $ <# 1: ": D %# $: ": 2 K# H+t c8 cc tVnh ch+t trn# C%u 5' Hrong cc kim loi 2auO %u: =e: W7: !l# -gIci ta thIcng @ng kim loi no 5d lm N[t liMu @^n 5iMn hay @^n nhiMt# !# %he c %u <# %he c !l %# %he c =e: W7 K# %he c !l : %u# C%u +: Gin kbt kim loi lO !# Gin kbt 2inh ra @o cc e ta @o g_n cc ion @IZng kim loi Ni nhau# <# Gin kbt 2inh ra @o cc cation ta @o g_n cc electron Ni nhau %# Gin kbt 2inh ra @o cc ion Rm g_n cc ion @IZng kim loi Ni nhau# K# G lin kbt 2inh ra @o mng tinh thd kim loi c lac hft tIZng hg l^n nhau# C%u ,: 4hy cho 7ibt nh`ng tVnh ch+t N[t l\ chung ca kim loiO !#HVnh @io: tVnh @^n 5iMn <# HVnh @^n nhiMt: nh kim# %# HVnh @^n nhiMt: @^n 5iMn: c nh kim K# ;bt hJp ! N < C%u -: Q @^n 5iMn ca kim loi phj thuc No cc ybu t nok !# <8n ch+t kim loi# <# Wha 76 mLt hay pha thd tVch %# -hiMt 5 m&i trIcng# K# %8 !: <: % C%u .: ;hi nhiMt 5 tUng: 5 @^n 5iMn ca kim loi 7ibn 5li theo chi6uO !# HUng <# mi8m%# ;h&ng thay 5li K# nXa tUng NXa gi8m C%u &/: 4iMn tIJng hJp kim @^n nhiMt: @^n 5iMn kYm kim loi nguyn ch+t N, lin kbt ho hoc trong hJp kim lO !# Gin kbt kim loi <# Gin kbt ion %# Gin kbt cng ho trT lm gi8m m[t 5 electron ta @o# K#Gin kbt cng ho trT N lin kbt kim loi C%u &&: Khy kim loi no 2au 5Ry 5IJc (bp theo chi6u 5 @^n 5iMn tUngO !# %u: !g: !u: Hi <# =e: Eg: !u: 4g %# =e: !l: %u: !g K# %a: Eg: !l: =e C%u &(: %c kim loi p trng thi lqng N r_n 56u c kh8 nUng @^n 5iMn N, l\ @o no 2au 5RyO !# n, chfng 56u c c+u to mng tinh thd# <# Hrong tinh thd kim loi c cc electron: lin kbt ybu Ni cc ht nhRn: chuydn 5ng ta @o trong ton mng# %# n, kim loi c 7n kVnh nguyn t ln# K# Et l\ @o khc# C%u &): So 2nh 5 @^n 5iMn ca hai @Ry @^n 7rng 5sng tinh khibt: c khi lIJng 7rng nhau# KRy th' nh+t che c mt 2Ji# KRy th' hai gsm mt 7 hng trUm 2Ji nhq# Q @^n 5iMn ca hai @Ry @^n lO !# <rng nhau# <# KRy th' hai @^n 5iMn tt hZn# %# KRy th' nh+t @^n 5iMn tt hZn# K# ;h&ng 2o 2nh 5IJc C%u &*# Hrong cc kim loi 2au O -a : Eg : =e : %u : !l : kim loi no m6m nh+t k ! # -a <# !l % # Eg K #%u C%u &5# %c tVnh ch+t 2auO tVnh @io : nh kim : @^n 5iMn : @^n nhiMt ca kim loi l @o O !## kidu mng tinh thd gRy ra <# @o electron ta @o gRy ra %# c+u to ca kim loi K# nUng lIJng ion ha gRy ra C%u &+' Gin kbt kim loi 5IJc to thnh 7pi O !# Sa chuydn 5ng e ta @o chung tuanh mng tinh thd <# Gin kbt già cc ion kim loi %# Gin kbt già cc e ta @o ca cc kim loi K# Gin kbt già cc e ta @o Ni cc ion kim loi " GV: Nguyn Th M Dung

C%u &,# ;im loi nhu c nhi6u 'ng @jng trong kv thu[t N 5ci 2ng l kim loi no k !# Eg < # !l % # =e K %u C%u &-# %ho c+u h,nh electron ca nguyn t 2au O a#w 1222222p3"22"p1 7#w 1222222p3"22"p3$22"@3 %+u h,nh trn ca nguyn t no k !## -h&m N can(i < # -atri N can(i %# -h&m N 2_t K # -atri N 2_t C%u &.# Q @^n nhiMt ca cc kim loi %u : !g : =e : !l : /n gihm @9n theo th' ta no 2au 5Ry ! # %u : !g : =e : !l : /n < # !g : %u : !l : /n : =e %# !l # =e : /n : %u : !g % # !l : /n : =e : %u : !g C%u (/# %+u h,nh ca nguyn t no @Ii 5Ry 7idu @ixn kh&ng 5fng k !# %r . /0 2$ 1 O > !r ? "@D $21 < # %u . / 0 2B 1 O >!r ? "@ B $22 %# =e . / 0 23 1 O> !r? "@3 $22 K # En . /0 2D 1 O > !r ? "@D $22 C%u (&# HVnh ch+t N[t l\ ca kim loi no @Ii 5Ry kh&ng 5fng k !# kh8 nUng @^n 5iMn O !g y %u y !l <# -hiMt 5 nng ch8y O 4g z !l z P %# HVnh c'ng O =e z !l z %r K # He khi O Gi z =e z *2 C%u ((# ;im loi natri 5IJc @ng lm ch+t chuydn N[n nhiMt trong cc l{ ht nhRn l @o O 1#w kim loi natri @d nng ch8y 2#w natri @^n nhiMt tt "#w natri c tVnh kh mnh ! # che co 2 < # che c 1 %# 1 N 2 K # 2 N " C%u ()' ;im loi no 2au 5Ry c 5 c'ng ln nh+t trong t+t c8 cc kim loi k !:P <# %r %# =e K# %u C%u (*# Hlng 2 ht proton :electron : nZtron ca nguyn t mt nguyn t | l "$ #Hlng 2 o7itan nguyn t ca nguyn t 5 l OO !# $ <# D %# 3 K# ;bt tu8 khc C%u (5# ;im loi no 2au 5Ry l kim loi m6m nh+t trong t+t c8 cc kim loik !#Giti <#|e2i %#-atri K#;ali C%u (+# ;im loi no 2au 5Ry c nhiMt 5 nng ch8y cao nh+t trong t+t c8 cc kim loik !#non}ram <#S_t %#Qsng K#;~m
C%u (,# ;im loi no 2au 5Ry nhu nh+t .c khi lJng ring nhq nh+t1 nh+t trong t+t c8 cc kim loik !#Giti <#-atri %#;ali K#)u7i@i
C%u (-# Et kim loai E c tlng 2 ht proton :electron : nZtron trong ion E 2F l A # 4hy cho 7ibt E l nguyn t no k D2 DD D3 DB !# 2$ Cr <# 2D Mn %# K# 2A Co 23 Fe C%u (.# -guyn t %an(i c ki hij 2C Ca # Wht 7idu no 2au 5Ry l 2ai k !# %an(i chibm & th' 2C trong 4HH4 # <# S hiMu nguyn t ca can(i l 2C # %# Hlng 2 ht cZ 78n trong can(i l $C K# # -guyn t %an(i c 2 electron p lp ngoi cng # C%u )/# %c ion |F : N nguyn t ! no c 2c+u h,nh electron 122 2222p3 k !# ;F : %l N !r <# GiF] <r N -e %# -aF %l N !r K# -aF ] = N -e C%u )&' -guyn t | c A electron p o7itan p : -guyn t c 2 ht mang 5iMn nhi6u hZn 2 ht mang 5iMn ca | l ht #|: l9n lIJt l cc nguyn t no k !# -a N %l <# -a N S % !l N %l K# !l N S T"NH CH0T H3$ H4C CH2NG C#$ KIM LOI C%u &' HVnh ch+t ho hoc 5Lc trIng ca kim loi lO !# HVnh @x 7T o(i ha <# HVnh kh %# HVnh @x m+t electron to ion @IZng K # a: 7: c 56u 5fng C%u (: Sa 7ibn 5li tVnh kim loi ca cc nguyn t trong @hy !l =e %a <a lO !# HUng <# mi8m %# kh&ng thay 5li K# nXa gi8m NXa tUng C%u ): Et t+m kim loi Nng 7T 7m mt lp =e p 76 mLt# Ha c thd ra lp =e 5d loi tp ch+t 7rng @ung @Tch nok !# Kung @Tch %uS*$@I <# Kung @Tch =eS*$@I %# Kung @Tch =e%l" K: Kung @Tch /nS*$ @I C%u *: ;im loi no 2au 5Ry c ph8n 'ng Ni @ung @Tch %uS*$k !# Eg: !l: !g <# =e: Eg: /n %# <a: /n: 4g K# -a: 4g: -i C%u 5' Khy kim loi no 2au 5Ry gsm nh`ng kim loi kh&ng ph8n 'ng Ni 42* p nhiMt 5 thIcng# !# Eg: !l: ; <# !g: Eg: !l: /n %# ;: -a: %u K# !g: !l: Gi: =e: /n C%u +' %hon th' ta gi8m @9n 5 hot 5ng ha hoc ca cc kim loi ki6m# !# -a ; %2 )7 Gi# <# %2 )7 ; -a Gi# %# Gi -a ; )7 %2 K# ; Gi -a )7 %2# C%u ,: %ho ph8n 'ng O E F 4-*" E.-*"1" F -2 F 42* 4M 2 cRn 7rng ca cc phIZng tr,nh ph8n 'ng trn l O !# 1C : "3 : 1C : " : 1 <# $ : 1C : $ : 1 : D %# : "C : : " : 1D K# D : 12 : D : 1 : 3 C%u -: % 3 @ung @Tch 5ang trong 3 lo 7T m+t nhhn l .-4 $12S*$: -4$%l: Eg%l2: !l%l": =e%l2: =e%l"# -bu che @ng mt ha ch+t no 2au 5Ry c thd gifp nh[n 7ibt 3 ch+t trnO !# -a .@I1 <# <a .@I1 %# @@ -a*4 .@I1 K# @@ <a%l2 C%u .: %ho Eg No @ung @Tch ch'a =eS*$ N %uS*$# Sau ph8n 'ng thu 5IJc ch+t r_n ! gsm 2 kim loi N @ung @Tch < ch'a 2 mui# Wh8n 'ng kbt thfc khi nok !# %uS*$ hbt: =eS*$ @I: Eg hbt <# %uS*$ hbt: =eS*$ chIa ph8n 'ng: Eg hbt %# %uS*$ hbt: =eS*$ hbt: Eg hbt K# %uS*$ @I: =eS*$ @I: Eg hbt C%u &/: 4a ch+t no 2au 5Ry @ng 5d tch !g ra khqi hgn hJp !g: =e: %u m N^n gi` nguyn khi lIJng !g 7an 59uk !# %u.-*"12 <# =e.-*"1" %# !g-*" K# =e.-*"12 C%u &&: %ho " ph8n 'ngO 2!l F =e2*" !l2*" F 2=e =e F %uS*$ =eS*$ F %u $ GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
$C

%u F 2!g-*" %u.-*"12 F 2!g " ph8n 'ng trn ch'ng minh tVnh kh ca kim loi gi8m theo th' ta nok !# !g y %u y =e y !l <# !g z %u z =e z !l %# =e y %u y !g y !l K# !l y =e y %u y!g C%u &(: ;hi cho -a No @ung @Tch %uS*$ c hiMn tIJngO !# % khV 7ay ra N c kbt ta mu (anh lam <# % kbt ta %u mu 5q %# % khV 7ay ra N c kbt ta %u mu 5q K# % khV 7ay ra C%u &): %+u h,nh electron 2au 5Ry ca nguyn t kim loi nok 122 222 2p3 "22 "p3 "@3 $22 !# =e <# %u %# !l K# /n C%u &*: |Yt cc ph8n 'ng 2au 5Ry O !g-*" F =e.-*"12 =e.-*"1" F !g %u F 2!g-*" %u.-*"12 F 2!g 4hy chon 2a 7ibn 5li tVnh kh no 5fng ca kim loi N cc ion trong cc trIcng hJp 2au O !1# !g z =e2F z %u z =e <1# !g y =e2F y %u y =e %1# =e z %u z !g z =e2F K1# %u y !g y =e2F y =e C%u &5: %ho kim loi Eg No @ung @Tch 4-*" lohng .@I1 kh&ng th+y khV thot ra# Hrong @ung @Tch ! c ch'a nh`ng ch+t nok !# Eg.-*"12: -4$-*" <# Eg.-*"12: -4$-*" N 4-*" @I %# Eg.-*"12 N 4-*" @I K# %8 !: <: % 56u 5fng C%u &+: %ho ph8n 'ngO !l F 4-*" !l.-*"1" F -2* F 42*: hM 2 cRn 7rng ca ph8n 'ng l9n lIJt lO !1# : 3: : ": 1D <1# : 3: : 3: 1D %1# : 3: : ": 1 K1# : "C: : ": 1D C%u &,: %ho cc ph8n 'ngO % F ;*4 @ung @Tch ! F | F 4%l < F 42 Kung @Tch ! F 4%l NXa 5 % F # < F -a*4 NXa 5 % F | l kim loi O !# /n hoLc !l <# /n %# !l K# =e C%u &-: 4{a tan hon ton mt kim loi ha trT 2 c khi lIJng 1:$$g No 2DC ml @@ 4 2S*$ C:"E# @@ 2au ph8n 'ng 5IJc trung h{a 7pi 3C ml @@ -a*4 C:DE# ;im loi 7an 59u lO !# /n <# %a %# Eg K# <a C%u &.: Et thanh !l c khi lIJng $:CDg 5IJc nhfng No DCCml @@ !g-* " 1E: 2au mt thci gian l+y ra: thanh !l c khi lIJng "":ADg# ;hi lIJng !g 5h 7m No thanh !l l 7ao nhiu gamO !# 3$: <# "2:$ %# 1C: K# :1 C%u (/: ! l @@ %uS*$ # Qd chuydn ton 7 lIJng S*$2 trong 2C g @@ ! thnh hJp ch+t kbt ta : c9n 23 ml @@ <a%l2 C:C2 E#HVnh nsng 5 ca @@ ! k !1# C: 2C <1#C: 2D %1# C:$13 E K1# C:D12 E C%u (&: %ho 1B:2 g mt kim loi E tan hon ton trong @@ 4-*" th, thu 5IJc $:$ lVt -* .5ktc 1# n[y kim loi E l O !1# %u <1# Eg %1# =e K1# /n C%u ((: %ho @9n 7t 2_t No DC ml @ung @Tch %uS*$ C:2E: khu+y nhu cho ti khi @ung @Tch m+t mu (anh# GIJng mt 2_t 5h @ng lO !# D:3 gam <: C:CD3gam %# C:D3gam K# phIZng n khc# C%u (): 4o tan 1C:C gam hgn hJp hai kim loi trong 4%l @I th+y to ra 2:2$lVt khV 42.5ktc1# %& cn @ung @Tch 2au ph8n 'ng thu 5IJc m gam mui khan# mi trT ca m lO !# 1:1A gam <# 1A:1 gam %# ":$2gam K# "$:2 gam C%u (*: ho tan a gam !l trong @ung @Tch 4-*" lohng thu 5IJc C:B3 lVt hgn hJp khV| gsm -2* N -* .5ktc1# H khi hZi ca | 2o Ni 42 7rng 1:D# H,m gi trT ca ak !# 1:B gam <# 1:Bgam %# 1:B gam K# 1B:gam C%u (5: 4o tan A: gam hgn hJp !l N Eg 7rng @ung @Tch 4%l @I# Sau ph8n 'ng khi lIJng @ung @Tch a(it tUng A gam# ;hi lIJng !l N Eg trong hgn hJp 7an 59u l9n lIJt lO !# D:$ 2:$gam <# 2:A 1:2gam %# D: ":3 gam K# 1:2 2:$ gam C%u (+: Eg F 42S*$5 EgS*$ F 42S F 42* 4M 2 phIZng tr,nh l9n lIJt lO aw $: D: $: 1: D 7w $: D: $: 1: $ cw 1: 2: 1: 1: 1 @w 1: 2: 1: 1: 2 CN+ >O: NgZm ) l[ Bn t'ong )\\ ml 33 9gNA, \,)". Ph]n ng k^t thPc khWi l_ng .`c thu a_c !b khWi l_ng l[ kcm tdng len lbV 9. ),\fg !b \,ghhg <. ),f\g !b \,hghg C. f,\)g !b \,hhgg ?. ),\fg !b \,**hh g CN+ >PG NgZm ) ainh &it t'ong *\\ ml 33 Cu=A8 . =au khi #h]n ng k^t thPc nhjn thky khWi l_ng thanh &it tdng len lb \,f g. N2ng a5 mlHl c0a 33 Cu=A 8 lbV 9. \,*" <. \,," C. \,8" ?. \,h" CN+ >Q: NgZm ) !jt .lng a2ng c7 khWi l_ng )\ g t'ong *h\ ml 33 9gNA, 8m khi lky !jt 'a thky khWi l_ng 33 9gNA, gi]m )gm. 1hWi l_ng c0a !jt &au #h]n ng lbV 9. )\,gng <. ),gg C. )\,ngg ?. )n,\gg CN+ @R: NgZm ) l[ kcm t'ong 33 c7 hoa tan f,,* g C3=A8. Ph]n ng &ong khWi l_ng l[ kcm tdng *,,hm. 1hWi l_ng l[ kcm t'(c khi tham gia #h]n ng lbV 9. n\g <. g\g C. f\g ?. p\g CN+ @;: NhPng ) thanh kim loì h7a t'q * !bo 33 Cu=A8 3. =au #h]n ng khWi l_ng c0a thanh 1N gi]m ai \,*8g. C>ng thanh 1N t'en nû nhPng !bo 33 9gNA, thr khi #h]n ng &ong khWi l_ng c0a thanh 1N tdng \,h*g. 1N h7a t'q * as 3ng lb 9. P. <. C3 C. 9l ?. =n CN+ @;: NhPng ) thanh nhtm nung *h g !bo *\\ml 33 Cu=A8 \,h". =au ) thQi gian thky thanh nhtm nung *h,npg. N2ng a5 mol c0a Cu=A8 !b 9l*D=A8E, t'ong 33 &au #h]n ng lvn l_t lbV 9. \,8*h !b \,* <. \,8*h !b \,, C. \,8 !b \,* ?. \,g !b \,*h CN+ @>G Cho ),)* g &it !b \,*8 g .5t magie t[c 3/ng !(i *h\ml 33 Cu=A 8 khuky nhO cho a^n khi 33 mkt mbu Canh. Nhjn thky khWi l_ng kim loi &au #h]n ng lb ),ffg. N2ng a5 molHl c0a 33 Cu=A8 lbV
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung

9. \,)h" <. \,\h" C. \,)" ?. \,)*" CN+ @@: NhPng .]n kcm !b .]n &it !bo cng ) 33 a2ng &unXat &au ) thQi gian, thr t'ong 33 thu a_c n2ng a5 mol c0a Bn=A8 .lng *,h lvn Fe=A8. "ut kh[c khWi l_ng c0a 33 gi]m \,))g. khWi l_ng a2ng .[m len mwi 1N lbV 9. ),*f !b ,,* <. n,8 !b ),n C. f,n !b *,8 ?. ),h8 !b *,n CN+ @S: oa tan ,,*fg hwn h_# CuCl* !b CuDNA,E* !bo n(c a_c 33 9. NhPng !bo 33 m5t thanh "g !b hky axu cho a^n khi mbu Canh c0a 33 .i^n mkt. -hky thanh "g tdng them \,fg. Ct c`n 33 thu a_c m gam muWi khan. Ki[ t'q c0a m lbV 9. ),)h g <. ),8, g C. *,8,g ?. 8,),g CN+ @T: NhPng m5t thanh "g c7 khWi l_ng m !bo m5t 3ung 3qch cha * muWi FeCl, !b FeCl*. =au m5t thQi gian lky thanh "g 'a cZn lì thky c7 khWi l_ng my I m. Vjy t'ong 3ung 3qch con lì c7 cha c[c cation nbo &au aZyz 9. "g*@ <. "g*@ !b Fe*@ C. "g*@, Fe*@ !b Fe,@ ?. C] < !b C axu aPng CN+ @U: oa tan ) muWi c7 C- : "U* D": lb 1NV UV lb halogen, chia 33 thbnh * #hvn .lng nhauE Phvn ): Cho t[c 3/ng !(i 33 9gNA, 3 thu a_c h,g8 g k^t t0aV Phvn *: NhPng ) thanh &it !bo &au khi k^t thPc #h]n ng thky thanh &it tdng them \,)ngV C- c0a muWi lbV 9.CuCl* <. FeCl* C. "g<'* ?. CuI* CN+ @OG Cho m5t l_ng .5t Bn !bo 33 g2m FeCl* !b CuCl*. 1hWi l_ng c[c chkt 'in &au khi #h]n ng C]y 'a hobn tobn nh h{n khWi l_ng c0a Bn .an avu lb \,hgam. Ct c`n #hvn 33 &au #h]n ng thu a_c ),,n gam muWi khan. -;ng khWi l_ng c[c muWi t'ong U lb 9. ),,) gam <. )g,\ gam C. )p,h gam ?. )8,) gam CN+ @Q: Cho 8,* gam hwn h_# g2m "g, Bn, 9l t[c 3/ng h^t !(i Cl thky tho[t 'a *,*8 l|t kh| DaktcE khWi l_ng muWi khan thu a_c t'ong 33 lb.9. g,) g <. g,gh g C. )),, g ?. n,*h g CN+ SR: oa tan hobn tobn *,f) g hwn h_# g2m , oCit t'ong h\\ml 33 *=A8 )"D!4a a0E . =au #h]n ng hwn h_# muWi &unXat khan thu a_c khi ct c`n 33 c7 khWi l_ng lbV9.,f) g <. h,f) g C. ,,f) g ?. n,f) CN+ ;T:Cho n,\h g hwn h_# g2m Bn !b 9l t[c 3/ng !4a a0 !(i m gam 33 Cl )\m ct c`n 33 &au #h]n ng thu a_c ),,)h g muWi khan. Ki[ t'q c0a m lbV 9. g, g <. h, g C. 8, g ?. n, g CN+ S;: Cho ),,nh g m5t kim loì kixm U tan h^t t'ong 33 Cl thu a_c 33 c7 khWi l_ng l(n h{n 33 Cl as 3ng lb ),,, g. U lbV 9. Na <. 1 C. }. ?. C& CN+ S>: 1hi hoa tan hia'tCit "DA E* .lng ) l_ng !4a a0 33 *=A8 *\m thu a_c 33 muWi t'ung hoa c7 n2ng a5 *g,*m. 1im loì " lbV 9. Fe <. "g C. Cu ?. Bn CN+ S@: "5t hwn h_# g2m 9l !b Cu c7 khWi l_ng lb *,8n g ngZm hwn h_# nby t'ong *\\ g 33 *=A8 g,,hm 33 &au #h]n ng c7 khWi l_ng )\\,8f g. m khWi l_ng c0a 9l t'ong hwn h_# lbV 9. h,*gm <.h,g*m C.g,h*m ?.g,*hm CN+ SS: NhPng ) thanh nhtm c7 khWi l_ng m g !bo 33 *=A8 losng m5t thQi gian thky khWi l_ng thanh nhtm gi]m ,h,g m &o !(i .an avu, 33 &au #h]n ng tdng ,,* g &o !(i .an avu. Ki[ t'q c0a m lbV 9. p,h g <. f,h g C. )\,h g ?. g,h g CN+ ST: oa tan hobn tobn ),* g ) kim lai } c7 h7a t'q khtng a;i cvn !4a a0 *\\ g 33 Cl thu a_c *\),) g 33 9. 1im loì } lbV 9. Fe <. "g C. Cu ?. Bn CN+ SU: Nky *,pf g hwn h_# , kim loì ang t'(c hia't cho !bo *\\ ml 33 Cl 3. =au #h]n ng hobn tobn ct c`n 33 thu a_c h,f* g chkt 'inV -h~ t|ch * aktc tho[t 'a lbV 9. \,88f l|t <. \,ng* l|t C. \,fpn l|t ?. ),)* l|t CN+ SOG oa tan hobn tobn hwn h_# U g2m Fe !b "g .lng ) l_ng !4a a0 33 Cl thu a_c 33 L n2ng a5 c0a FeCl* t'ong L lb )h,gnm. sy t|nh n2ng a5 c0a 33 "gCl* t'ong LV 9. )),gpm <. )*,gpm C. ),,gpm ?. )\,gpm CN+ SP: oa tan )\ g hwn h_# * muWi cac.onat c0a kim lò h7a t'q ) !b * !bo 33 Cl ta thu a_c 33 9 !b \,ng* l|t khi + aktc .ay 'a. 1hWi l_ng muWi khan c7 t'ong 9 lbV 9. p,,, g <. )\,,, g C. )),,, g ?. )*,,, g CN+ SQ: Nung )\,*, g hwn h_# , kim loì U, L, B t'ong ACi thu a_c )h,\, g chkt 'in.-h~ t|ch A* + aktc as tham gia #h]n ng lbV 9. *,*8 l|t <. ,,,n l|t C. 8,8f l|t ?. h,n\ l|t
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung

CN+ TR: oa tan 8,fn g hwn h_# , kim loì U, L, B t'ong NA, auc n7ng ta thu a_c ),gp* l|t NA* + aktc. Ct c`n 33 thu a_c l_ng muWi khan lbV 9.p,f* g <. f,p* g C. f,*p g ?. p,*f g CN+ T;: Cho kh| CA ai Mua )h,,ng hwn h_# lky 3 g2m Fe*A,, FeA, CuA, Fe nung n7ng &au khi #h]n ng C]y 'a hobn tobn thu a_c )*,pn g chkt 'in 9 !b V l|t ) kh|. Ki[ t'q c0a V lbV 9. *,*8 l|t <. ),)* l|t C.,,,n l|t ?.8,8f l|t CN+ T>: oa tan 8 g m5t kim loì " !bo pn,* g n(c a_c 33 .a{ c7 n2ng a5 g,8 m !b V l|t kh| + aktc. " lb kim loì nbo &au aZyV 9. Ca <. Na C. 1 ?. <a CN+ T@O HVnh ch+t ha hoc chung ca kim loi lO !# Kx 7T kh# <# Kx 7T o(i ha# %# -Ung lIJng ion ha nhq# K# Q Rm 5iMn th+p# C%u 5*O ;im loi no 2au 5Ry tc @jng Ni %l2 N 4%l to cng mt loi mui l !# %u# <# Eg# %# =e# K# !g# C%u 55: -h`ng kim loi ph8n 'ng Ni nIc p nhiMt 5 thIcng lO !# ;: -a: Eg: !g# <# Gi: %a: <a: %u# %# =e: W7: /n: 4g# K# ;: -a: %a: <a# C%u 5+O *(i ha C:D mol !l c9n 7ao nhiu mol 42S*$ 5Lc: nngk !# C:AD mol# <# 1:D mol# %# " mol# K# C:D mol# C%u 5,O S_t kh&ng tan trong @ung @Tch no 2au 5Ry!# 4%l lohng# <# =e.-*"1" %# 42S*$ lohng# K# 4-*" 5Lc# C%u 5-O Qt chy hbt 1:g mt kim loi ha trT trong khV clo thu 5IJc A:12Dg mui khan ca kim loi 5# ;im loi mang 5t l !# /n# <# %u# %# Eg# K# -i# C%u 5.O ;~m tc @jng Ni @ung @Tch 42S*$ lohng: thm No 5 Ni giot @ung @Tch %uS*$# Gaa chon hiMn tIJng 78n ch+t nh+t trong cc hiMn tIJng 2au !# n m{n kim loi# <# n m{n 5iMn ha hoc# %# 4i@ro thot ra mnh hZn# K# Eu (anh 7ibn m+t# C%u +/: %ho cc @hy kim loi 2au: @hy no 5IJc 2_p (bp theo chi6u tUng ca tVnh khk !# !l: =e: /n: Eg# <# !g: %u: Eg: !l# %# -a: Eg: !l: =e# K# !g: %u: !l: Eg# C%u +&O %ho a gam !l tc @jng hbt Ni @ung @Tch 4-*" lohng th, thu 5IJc C:B3 lVt khV -* .5kc1# H,m gi trT ca ak !# 1:C gam# <# 1:C gam# %# 1:C gam# K# 1C: gam# C%u +(: 4{a tan hon ton 1C gam hgn hJp hai kim loi trong @ung @Tch 4%l @I th+y to ra 2:2$ lVt khV 4 2 .5kc1# %& cn @ung @Tc4 2au ph8n 'ng thu 5IJc m gam mui khan# mi trT ca m l !# 1:A1 gam# <# 1A:1 gam# %# ":$2 gam# K# "$:2 gam# C%u +)O %Lp nguyn t ha hoc no 2au 5Ry c tVnh ch+t ha hoc ging nhau nh+tk !# %a: Eg# <# =e: %u# %# !g: -i# K# <: !l# C%u +*O -gRm mt mibng k~m No 1CC ml @ung @Tch !g-*" C:1E 5bn khi !g-*" tc @jng hbt th, khi lIJng thanh k~m 2au ph8n 'ng 2~ nhI thb nok !# ;h&ng thay 5li# <# HUng thm C:ADDgam# %# mi8m 7t 1:C gam# K# mi8m 7t C:ADDg# C%u +5: %ho hgn hJp =e N !g tc @jng Ni @ung @Tch gsm /nS*$ N %uS*$: ph8n 'ng hon ton N NXa 5# %h+t r_n thu 5IJc gsm nh`ng ch+t nok !# /n: %u# <# %u: !g# %# /n: %u: !g# K# /n: !g# C%u ++O %ho ":$D gam mt kim loi ki6m tc @jng Ni nIc 2inh ra 1:3 lVt 42 .5kc1# ;m loi 5 c thd l !# Gi# <# -a# %# ;# K# )7# C%u +,: %ho C:D2 gam hgn hJp hai kim loi tan hon ton trong 42S*$ lohng: @I th+y c C:""3 lVt khV .5kc1 thot ra# ;hi lIJng mui 2un}at khan thu 5IJc l !# 2:B3 gam# <# 2:$3 gam# %# ":B2 gam# K# 1:B3 gam# C%u +-O % $ mû kim loiO <a: Eg: =e: !g nbu che @ng @ung @Tch 42S*$ lohng m kh&ng @ng thm 7+t c' ch+t no khc th, c thd nh[n 7ibt 5IJc kim loi nok !# <a: Eg: =e: !g# <# !g: <a# %# !g: Eg: <a# K# ;h&ng phRn 7iMt 5IJc# C%u +.O 4{a tan hon ton ":B gam hgn hop =e N !l trong 2:C lVt @ung @Tch 4%l NXa 5: thu 5IJc 2:2$ lVt 4 2 .5kc1# -sng 5 molwl ca @ung @Tch 4%l l !# C:"E# <# C:1E# %# C:2E# K# C:1DE# C%u ,/O %ho C:3D gam hgn hJp Eg: /n No @ung @Tch 4%l @I th+y thot ra C:$$ lVt 42 .5kc1# %& cn @ung @Tch 2au ph8n 'ng: khi lIJng ch+t r_n khan thu 5IJc lO !# 2:1CD gam# <# ":BD gam# %# 2:2C$ gam# K# 1:D gam# C%u ,&: 4{a tan hon ton D:C gam hgn hJp 2 kim loi !: < 7rng @ung @Tch 4%l thu 5IJc D:A1 gam mui khan N n lVt khV |# Hhd tVch khV | thu 5IJc p 5kc l !# C:22$ lVt# <# 2:2$ lVt# %# $:$ lVt# K# C:$$ lVt# C%u ,(O %ho hgn hJp !l: =e No @ung @Tch 4-*" lohng: @I thu 5IJc 3:A2 lVt -* .5kc1# S mol a(it 5h ph8n 'ng l !# C:" mol# <# C:3 mol# %# 1:2 mol# K# Q6 7i chIa 5 @` liMu# C%u ,)O %ho 1":D gam !l tc @jng NXa 5 Ni $:$ lVt @ung @Tch 4-*" 2inh ra hgn hJp gsm 2 khV -*: -2*# He khi hZi ca hgn hJp 2o Ni %4$ l 2:$# -sng 5 molwl ca a(it 7an 59u l !# 1:BE# <# C:$"E# %# C:3E# K# 1:$"E# C%u ,*: %ho mt mû -a No @ung @Tch %uS*$# H,m pht 7idu 5fng cho thV nghiMm trn !# WhIZng tr,nh ph8n 'ngO 2-a F %uS*$ -a2S*$ F %u# <# % kim loi %u mu 5q (u+t hiMn: @ung @Tch nht @9n# %# % khV 42 2inh ra N c kbt ta (anh trong ng nghiMm# K# % kim loi %u mu 5q (u+t hiMn# C%u ,5: %ho Eg No cc @ung @Tch !l%l": -a%l: =e%l2: %u%l2# % 7ao nhiu @ung @Tch cho ph8n 'ng Ni Egk !# $ @ung @Tch# <# " @ung @Tch# %# 2 @ung @Tch# K# 1 @ung @Tch# C%u ,+O -gRm 21:3 gam =e No @ung @Tch %u.-*"12: ph8n 'ng (ong thu 5IJc 2":2 gam hgn hJp r_n# GIJng 5sng 7m No 2_t l !# 12: gam# <# 3:$ gam# %# ":2 gam# K# 1:3 gam# C%u ,,: Qd lm 2ch mt mû thy ngRn c l^n tp ch+t l k~m: thibc: ch,] ngIci ta ngRm thy ngRn ny trong @ung @TchO
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung

!# /nS*$# <# 4g.-*"12# %# 4g%l2# K# 4gS*$# C%u ,-O -gRm mt l /n trong @ung @Tch c h{a tan "2 gam %uS*$# Wh8n 'ng (ong khi lIJng l k~ gi8m C:D# ;hi lIJng l k~m trIc khi tham gia ph8n 'ng l !# $C gam# <# 3C gam# %# 1" gam# K# 3:D gam# C%u ,.: -gRm mt l k~m trong 2CC gam @ung @Tch =eS*$ A:3# ;hi ph8n 'ng kbt thfc l k~m gi8m 7ao nhiu gamk !# 3:D gam# <# D:3 gam# %# C:B gam# K# B gam# C%u -/O %ho hJp kim !l: =e: %u No @ung @Tch %u.-*"12 @I: ch+t r_n thu 5IJc !# =e# <# !l# %# %u# K# !l: %u# C%u -&O %ho hJp kim /n: Eg: !g No @ung @Tch %u%l2# Sau ph8n 'ng thu 5IJc hgn hJp " kim loi lO !# /n: Eg: %u# <# /n: Eg: !l# %# Eg: !g: %u# K# /n: !g: %u# C%u -(O ;im loi no NXa tan trong @ung @Tch 4%l: NXa tan trong @ung @Tch -a*4k !# %u# <# /n# %# Eg# K# !g#
D56 I7N H3$ KIM LOI C%u &' 4hy 2_p (bp cc cLp o(i ha kh 2au 5Ry theo th' ta tUng @9n tVnh o(i ha ca cc ion kim loiO %u2Fw%u .11 ] =e2Fw=e .21 ] 24Fw42 ."1 ] !gFw!g .$1 ] -aFw-a .D1 ] =e"Fw=e2F .31 ] W72FwW7 .A1# !# 1z 2 z"z$zD z3z A] <# Dz 2z Az "z 1z 3z $ %# "z$zDz1z3zAz2 ] K# Dz3zAz1z2z"z$ C%u (' -h`ng ph8n 'ng no 2au 5Ry kh&ng 5fngO 1# =e F 24F =e2F F 42 $# 2=e%l" F "-a2%*" =e2.%*"1" F 3-a%l D# /n F 2=e%l /n%l " 2 F 2=e%l2 2# =e F %l2 =e%l2 3# "=e @I F 4-* lohng "=e.-*"12 F 2-* F $42* " "# !g-*" F =e.-*"12 =e.-*"1" F !g !# 2: $ <# ": D: 3 %# 2: $ : D K# 2: D: 3 C%u )' HrIcng hJp no 2au 5Ry ph8n 'ng kh&ng (8y ra O !# %u F !gF <# !gF F =e2F %# -i F Eg2F K# =e F =e"F# C%u *: Khy kim loi no 2au 5Ry 5h 5IJc (bp theo chi6u tUng @9n ca tVnh khk ! !l: Eg: %a: ; < ;: %a: Eg: !l % !l: Eg: ;: %a K %a: ;: Eg: !l C%u 5: %ho $ ion !l"F: /n2F: %u2F: Wt2F# %hon ion c tVnh o(i ha mnh hZn W72F !# %he c %u28 <# %he c %u2F: Wt2F %# ch e c !l"F K# %he c !l"F: /n2F F 2F C%u +: |et phan Ing O %u F 2!g %u F 2!g %hRt 7T kh la O !# %u <# !gF %# %u2F K# !g 2F 2F C%u ,: |et phan Ing O =e F %u =e F %u %hRt 7T o(i ha O !# =e <# =e2F %# %u2F K# !g F 2F 2F 2F C%u -: Hrong cc ph8n 'ng 2auO 11 %u F 24 %u F 42 21 %u F 4g %u F 4g "1 /n F %u2F /n2F F %u Wh8n 'ng no (8y ra theo chi6u thu[n k !#%he c 2: " <#%he c 1 %#%he c 2 K#%he c " C%u .: HVnh o(i ho ca cc ion kim loi tUng theo th' taO !# =e2F: /n2F: %u2F: En2F <# /n2F: =e2F: En2F: %u2F %# En2F: /n2F: =e2F: %u2F K# =e2F: /n2F: En2F: %u2F "F 2F 2F C%u &/: % cc ion kim loiO =e : =e : %u # HVnh o(i ha ca cc ion kim loi .theo th' ta1 !# HUng <# mi8m %# nXa tUng NXa gi8m K# nXa gi8m NXa tUng C%u &&: ;hi nhfng l En No cc @ung @Tch mui 2auO !g-*": /nS*$: %u.-*"12# En 2~ kh 5IJc ion !# !gF: %u2F <# !gF: /n2F %# /n2F:%u2F K# !gF: /n2F: %u2F C%u &(: % @@ =eS*$ l^n tp ch+t l %uS*$# Qd c thd loi 7q 5IJc tp ch+t ngIci ta 5h @ng phIZng php ha hoc 5Zn gi8nO !# Kng /n 5d kh ion %u2F trong @@ thnh %u kh&ng tan# <# Kng !l 5d kh ion %u2F trong @@ th nh %u kh&ng tan# 2F %# Kng Eg 5d kh ion %u trong @@ th nh %u kh&ng tan# K# Kng =e 5d kh ion %u2F trong @@ th nh %u kh&ng tan' C%u &): -gRm mt l niken trong cc @ung @Tch mui 2auO EgS* $: -a%l: %uS*$: !l%l": /n%l2: W7.-*"12# ni @ung @Tch mui no ph8n 'ng c thd (8y rak !# EgS*$: %uS*$ <# !l%l": W7.-*"12 %# /n%l2: W7.-*"12 K# %uS*$: W7.-*"12 C%u &*: % mt @ung @Tch =eS*$ 7T l^n tp ch+t %uS*$ : mun thu 5IJc @@ =eS*$ tinh ch+t ph8i @ngO !# 7t Eg @I rsi loc <# 7t %u @I rsi loc %# !g @I rsi 7t loc K# 7t =e @I rsi loc # C%u &5: -h[n 5Tnh 2 ph8n 'ng 2auO %u F 2 =e%l" %u%l2 F 2=e%l2 .11 =e F %u%l2 =e%l2 F %u .21 ;bt lu[n no @Ii 5Ry 5fng !# HVnh o(i ho ca %u2Fy=e"Fy=e2F <# HVnh o(i ho ca =e"y%u2Fy=e2F 2F %# HVnh kh ca %uy=e y=e K# HVnh kh ca =e2Fy=ey%u C%u &+: %he ra pht 7idu 5fng O !# !l: =e: -i: %u 56u c thd tan trong @@ =e%l" <# !g c thd tan trong @@ =e.-*"1" %# !g c thd kh %u2F thnh %u K# =e"F c thd o(i ha !gF thnh !g C%u &,: Qd lm 2ch mt mû 7c c l^n =e: %u c thd ngRm mû 7c ny No 1 lIJng @I @@O !# =e%l" <# !g-*" %# !: < 5fng K# !: < 56u 2ai C%u &-: Wh8n 'ng no 2au 5Ry kh&ng thd (8y ra trong @ung @Tch O !# !g F %u2F <# =e F =e2F %# =e"F F %u K# !: < 5fng C%u &.: ;im loi no kh 7T o(i ha nh+t !# ; <# !u %# -a K# Wt C%u (/: on kim loi no c tVnh o(i ha ybu nh+t !# <a2F <# ;F %# =e"F K# %u2F C%u (&: %ho cc @ung @Tch O |1 O @ung @Tch 4%l |2O @ung @Tch ;-*" |" O @ung @Tch 4%l F ;-*" |$ O @ung @Tch =e2.S*$1"# Kung @Tch no c thd ho tan 5IJc 7t %uO !# |1:|$:|2 <# |":|$ %# |1:|2:|":|$ K# |2:|" C%u ((: %c hgn hJp ch+t no 2au 5Ry kh&ng tsn ti trong cng mt @ung @Tch O !# =e.-*"1" N !g-*" <# =e.-*"12 N !g-*" %# =e.-*"12 N %u.-*"12 K# H+t c8 56u 2ai#
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung

C%u (): Et t+m kim loi Nng 7T 7m mt lp =e p 76 mLt# Ha c thd ra lp =e 5d loi tp ch+t 7rng @ung @Tch nok !# Kung @Tch %uS*$@I <# Kung @Tch =eS*$@I %# Kung @Tch =e%l" K: Kung @Tch /nS*$ @I CN+ >SG Cho c[c #H C]y 'a &au aZy: ). 9gNA, @ Fe DNA,E* FeDNA,E, @ 9g *. "n @ * Cl "nCl* @ * ?sy c[c ion a_c &i# C^# theo chixu tdng 3vn t|nh oCi ho[ lbV 9. "n*@ V @ V Fe,@ V 9g@ <. 9g@ V Fe,@ V @ V "n*@ C. "n*@ V @ V 9g@ V Fe,@ ?. @ *@ @ ,@ 9g V "n V VFe CN+ >TG -h t m5t &W cu# oCi ho[ kh t'ong 3sy ain ho[ nh &au: Fe*@HFeV Cu*@HCuV Fe,@HFe*@. Cu# chkt khtng #h]n ng !(i nhau lb 9. Fe !b 33 FeCl ,. <. Cu !b 33 FeCl, C. 33 FeCl* !b 33 FeCl, ?. Fe !b 33 FeCl* CN+ >UG ~ kh ion Cu*@ t'ong 33 Cu=A8 ngQi ta 3ng kim loì 9. 1 <. 9g C. <a ?. Fe CZu *g: ~ kh ion Fe,@ t'ong 33 thbnh ion Fe*@ ngQi ta 3ng l_ng 3 kim loì 9. "g <. 9g C. Cu ?. <a CN+ >PG Cho c[c ion kim loì: Bn*@V =n*@V Ni*@V Fe*@V P.*@. -hP t t|nh oCi ho[ gi]m 3vn lb 9. Bn*@J =n*@J Ni*@J Fe*@J P.*@. <. P.*@J =n*@J Ni*@J Fe*@J Fe*@. *@ *@ *@ *@ *@ C. P. J =n J Fe J Ni J Bn . ?. Bn*@J Ni*@J Bn*@J P.*@J Fe*@. CN+ >QG ?sy c[c ion C^# theo chixu gi]m 3vn t|nh oCi ho[ lb D.i^t t'ong 3sy ain ho[ , cu# Fe,@HFe*@ ang t'(c cu# 9g@H9gE 9. Fe,@V Cu*@V 9g@V Fe*@. <. 9g@V Cu*@V Fe,@V Fe*@. C. 9g@V Fe,@V Cu*@V Fe*@. ?. Fe,@V 9g@V Cu*@V *@ Fe . CN+ @RG -'ong #in ain ho[ Bn-9g C]y 'a #h]n ng ho[ hc: Bn @ *9g @ Bn*@ @ * 9g. =au m5t thQi gian #h]n ng thky 9. khWi l_ng c0a ain cc Zm tdng <. khWi l_ng c0a ain cc 3{ng tdng C. n2ng a5 ion Bn t'ong 33 tdng ?. n2ng a5 ion 9g@ t'ong 33 tdng @ *@ CN+ @;G Cho c[c cu# oCi ho[ kh &au: 9g H9gV Fe HFeV Cu*@HCuV Fe,@HFe*@. C[c cu# oCi ho[ a_c C^# theo chixu tdng 3vn t|nh oCi h7a lb 9. 9g@H9gV Cu*@HCuV Fe*@HFeV Fe,@HFe*@. *@ ,@ *@ @ *@ <. Fe HFe V Fe HFe V9g H9gV Cu HCu C. Fe*@HFeV Cu*@HCuV Fe,@HFe*@ V9g@H9g ?. Fe,@HFe*@ V Cu*@HCuV Fe*@HFe V9g@H9g CN+ @>G Cho &c ain a5ng c0a #in Bn-9g, #in "n-9g lvn l_t lb ),hn VV ),pf V. =c ain a5ng c0a #in "n-Bn lb 9. ,,h8 V <. \,8* V C. ),gg V ?. \,f8 V CN+ @@G Cho &ukt ain a5ng chun S\ c0a c[c #in ain ho[: S\ DCu-UE Y \,8nVV S\DL-CuE Y ),)VV S\DB-CuE Y \,8gV DU,L,B lb c[c kim loìE. 3sy c[c kim loì Ci# C^# theo chixu tdng 3vn t|nh kh t4 t'[i &ang #h]i lb 9. B, L, Cu, U <. U, Cu, B, L C. L, B, Cu, U ?. U, Cu, L, B *@ *@ CN+ @SG Cho #h]n ng ho[ hc: Fe @ Cu Fe @ Cu. -'ong #h]n ng t'en C]y 'a 9. & kh Fe*@ !b & oCi ho[ Cu <. & kh Fe*@ !b & kh Cu*@ C. & oCi ho[ Fe !b & oCi ho[ Cu ?. & oCi ho[ Fe !b & kh Cu*@ CN+ @TGCho .i^t #h]n ng #h]n ng oCi ho[ kh C]y 'a t'ong #in ain ho[ Fe-Cu lb: Fe @ Cu *@ Fe*@ @ CuV S\ DFe*@HFeE Y -\,88V, S\ DCu*@HCuE Y @\,,8V. &ukt ain a5ng c0a #in ain ho[ Fe-Cu lb 9. ),nn V <. \,)\V C. \,gfV ?. \,p*V CN+ @U: ai kim loì U, L !b c[c 33 muWi clo'ua c0a chPng c7 c[c #h]n ng ho[ hc &au: U @ *LCl, UCl* @ *LCl* !b L @ UCl* LCl* @ U. #h[t .i~u aPng lb 9. ion L*@ c7 t|nh oCi ho[ m`nh h{n ion U*@ <. kim loì U kh a_c ion L*@ C. kim loì U c7 t|nh kh m`nh h{n kim loì L ?. ion L,@ c7 t|nh oCi ho[ m`nh h{n ion *@ U . CN+ @OG Cho c[c 3ung 3qch: D)E ClV D*E 1NA,V D,E Cl @ 1NA,V D8E Fe*D=A8E,. <5t Cu .q hob tan t'ong c[c 3ung 3qch nbo z 9. ),* <. *,, C. ,,8 ?. ),8 CN+ @PG Cho c[c chkt: D)EFeDNA,E*V D*ECuDNA,E*V D,E FeDNA,E,V D8E9gNA,V DhEFeV . Nhng cu# chkt t[c 3/ng !(i nhau lb 9. ),*V *,8V ,,hV 8,h <. ),*V *,,V 8,h C. ),8V *,hV ,,hV 8,h ?. *,8V ,,8V ,,hV 8,h CN+ @QG Cho * #h]n ng : FeDNA,E, @ Cu *FeDNA,E* @ CuDNA,E* !b *FeDNA,E* @ 9gNA, FeDNA,E, @ 9g ?sy a_c C^# theo chixu gi]m 3vn t|nh oCi ho[ c0a c[c ion lb 9. 9g@V Fe*@V Fe,@ <. 9g@V Fe,@V Fe*@ C. Fe,@V 9g@V Fe*@ ?. Fe,@V Fe*@ V 9g@
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung

CN+ SRG Cho 8 cu# oCi ho[ - kh theo aPng th t: Fe*@HFeV Cu*@HCuV Fe,@HFe*@V 9g@H9g. 1hi cho t4ng kim loì FeV CuV 9g lvn l_t t[c 3/ng !(i c[c 33 FeCl*V FeCl,V CuCl* thr &W #h]n ng C]y 'a a_c lb 9. n <. 8 C. h ?. , CN+ >UG Cho \,) mol Fe !bo h\\ ml 33 9gNA, )" thr 33 thu a_c cha 9. FeDNA,E* <. FeDNA,E, C. FeDNA,E* !b 9gNA, ?. FeDNA,E, !b 9gNA, CN+ S;G Cho C mol Fe !bo 33 cha ,C mol NA, losng thr tò 'a khi NA 3uy nhkt !b 33 ?. t'ong ? c7 9. Fe,@, NA-, <. Fe,@, NA-,V @ C. Fe,@, NA-,V Fe*@ ?. @ V Fe,@, NA-,V Fe*@ CN+ S>G Cho hh "gV Fe V Cu !bo 33 NA,, &au khi #h]n ng hobn tobn ch con 3 m5t kim loì D cha tan h^tE. Nh ti^# t4 t4 33 *=A8 losng !bo lì thky kim loì a7 tan h^t.?ung 3ich thu a_c g2m nhng cation D 1htng k~ @EV 9. "g*@V Fe,@V Cu*@ <. "g*@V Fe*@V Cu*@ C."g*@V Fe*@ ?. Cu*@V Fe,@ *@ *@ *@ ,@ *@ CN+ S@G Cho 3sy &au: "g H "g V Fe H Fe V Cu H Cu V Fe H Fe . 1im lai nbo ay a_c Fe 'a khi 33 Fe,@V 9. FeV Cu <. Fe C. "g ?."g V Fe C%u **. Hrong pin 5iMn ha: 2a o(i ha !# che (8y ra p cac Rm <# che (8y ra p cac @IZng %# (8y ra p cac Rm N cac @IZng K# kh&ng (8y ra p cac Rm N cac @IZng C%u *5. Hrong pin 5iMn ha /n %u cLp ch+t no 2au 5Ry ph8n 'ng 5IJc Ni nhauk !# /n2F F %u2F <# /n2F F %u %# %u2F F /n K# %u F /n o o = 0 ,14V : E Ag + / Ag = +0 ,8V C%u *+. Su+t 5iMn 5ng chun ca pin 5iMn ha Sn !g l <ibt E 2 +
Sn / Sn
!# C:B$ n <# C:33 n %# C:AB n K# 1:CB n C%u *,. -gRm mt 5inh 2_t trong 1CC ml @ung @Tch %u%l2 1E: gi8 thibt %u to ra 7m hbt No 5inh 2_t# Sau khi ph8n 'ng (ong l+y 5inh 2_t ra: 2+y kh&: khi lIJng 2_t tUng thm !# 1D:Dg <# C:g %# 2:Ag K# 2:$g C%u 49. 4{a tan hon ton 2g =e No @ung @Tch !g-*" @I th, khi lIJng ch+t r_n thu 5IJc l !# 1Cg <# 213g %# 132g K# 1D$g C%u 50. %ho %u @I tc @jng Ni @ung @Tch !g-*" thu 5IJc @ung @Tch |# %ho =e @I No @ung @Tch | 5IJc @ung @Tch # ;bt thfc cc ph8n 'ng @ung @Tch ch'a !# =e.-*"12 <# =e.-*"1" %# =e.-*"12 : %u.-*"12 @I K# =e.-*"12 : %u.-*"12 @I C%u 5&' ;im loi -i ph8n 'ng 5IJc Ni t+t c8 mui trong @ung @Tch p @hy no 2au 5Ry k !# -a%l : !l%l" : /n%l2 <# EgS*$ : %uS*$ : !g-*" %# W7.-*"12 : !g-*" : -a%l K# !g-*" : %uS*$ : W7.-*"12 C%u 5(. %ho 7a kim loi l !l: =e: %u N 7n @ung @Tch mui ring 7iMt l O /nS*$: !g-*": %u%l2: EgS*$# ;im loi no tc @jng 5IJc Ni c8 7n @ung @Tch mui 5h cho k !# !l <# =e %# %u K# kh&ng kim loi no tc @jng 5IJc C%u 5)' -hfng mt l 2_t nhq No @ung @Tch ch'a mt trong nh`ng ch+t 2auO =e%l": !l%l": %uS*$: W7.-*"12: -a%l: 4%l: 4-*" lohng: 42S*$ 5Lc nng: -4$-*"# S trIcng hJp ph8n 'ng to mui =e. 1 l !# " <# $ %# D K# 3 C%u 5*. %ho D:Dg hgn hJp !l N =e .trong 5 2 mol !l g+p 5&i 2 mol =e1 No "CC ml @ung @Tch !g-*" 1E# ;hu+y k cho ph8n 'ng (8y ra hon ton thu 5IJc m gam ch+t r_n# mi trT ca m l !# "":BDg <# "B:"Dg %# "D:2g K# "D:"Bg C%u 55. Hrong pin 5iMn /n %u: ph8n 'ng ho hoc no (8y ra p 5iMn cac Rmk !# %u %u2F F 2e <# %u2F F 2e %u %# /n2F F2e /n K# /n /n2F F2e C%u 5+. Hrong c9u mui ca pin 5iMn ho khi hot 5ng: (8y ra 2a @i chuydn ca cc !# ion <# electron %# nguyn t kim loi K# phRn t nIc# C%u 5,' Hrong tu tr,nh hot 5ng ca pin 5iMn ho %u !g: nsng 5 ca cc ion trong @ung @Tch 7ibn 5li nhI thb nok !# -sng 5 ca ion !gF tUng @9n N nsng 5 ca ion %u2F tUng @9n# <# -sng 5 ca ion !gF gi8m @9n N nsng 5 ca ion %u2F gi8m @9n# %# -sng 5 ca ion !gF gi8m @9n N nsng 5 ca ion %u2F tUng @9n# K# -sng 5 ca ion !gF tUng @9n N nsng 5 ca ion %u2F gi8m @9n# C%u 5-. %c ch+t ph8n 'ng trong pin 5iMn ho !l %u l !# !l"F <# !l"F N %u# %# %u2F N !l K# !l N %u C%u 5.. Wh8n 'ng ho hoc (8y ra trong pin 5iMn hoO 2%r F "-i2F 2 %r"F F"-i <ibtO o
Cr "+ w Cr
o
0C:A$n] o
Ni 2+ w Ni
o
0C:23n# o ca pin 5iMn ho l
!# 1:Cn
<# C:$n %# C:An
K# C:B3n
C%u +/. <ibtO Au"+ w Au 0 F 1:Dn] Sn2+ w Sn 0 C:1$n: 2u+t 5iMn 5ng chun ca pin 5iMn ho 5IJc to thnh tX cLp o(i ho kh !u"Fw!u N Sn2FwSn l !# 1:2$n <# 1:$3n %# 1:3$n K# C:Bn o o C%u +&. <ibtO pin .-i !g1 01:C3n N Ni 2+ w Ni 0 C:23n: thb 5iMn cac chun ca cLp o(i ho kh !gFw!g l !# C:n <# 1:"2n %# C:A3n K# C:Dn# C%u +(. Sau mt thci gian ph8n 'ng già cc cLp o(i ho kh l /n2Fw/n N %u2Fw%u trong @ung @Tch: nh[n th+y !# khi lIJng kim loi /n tUng# <# khi lIJng kim loi %u gi8m#
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
1C

%# nsng 5 ca ion %u2F trong @ung @Tch tUng# K# nsng 5 ca ion /n2F trong @ung @Tch tUng# C%u +). %ho 7ibtO o Ag + w Ag 0 F C:Cn N o Hg 2+ w Hg 0 F C:Dn # Wh8n 'ng ho hoc no 2au 5Ry (8y ra 5IJck !# 4g F 2!gF 4g2F F 2!g# <# 4g2F F 2!g 4g F 2!gF# %# 4g2F F !gF 4g F !g# K# 4g F !g 4g2F F !gF# 2F C%u +*' %h+t no 2au 5Ry c thd o(i ho 5IJc ion =e thnh ion =e"Fk !# %u2F <# W72F %# !gF K# !u# C%u +5. -hfng thanh kim loi E ho trT No 112Cml @ung @Tch %uS*$ C:2E# Sau khi ph8n 'ng kbt thfc: khi lIJng thanh kim loi tUng 1:"$$g N nsng 5 %uS*$ c{n li l C:CDE# %ho rrng %u kim loi gi8i phng ra 7m hbt No thanh kim loi# ;im loi E l !# Eg <# !l %# =e K# /n# C%u ++. -hfng mt thanh Eg No 2CCml @ung @Tch =e.-*"1" 1E: 2au mt thci gian l+y thanh kim loi ra cRn li th+y khi lIJng tUng C:g# S gam Eg 5h tan No @ung @Tch l !# 1:$g <# $:g %# :$g K# $:1g# C%u +,. %ho 7ibtO ECr "+ w Cr 0 C:A$ n] EPb2 w Pb 0 C:1" n# Sa 2o 2nh no 2au 5Ry l 5fngk !# on W72F c tVnh o(i ho mnh hZn ion %r"F# <# -guyn t W7 c tVnh kh mnh hZn ngun t %r# %# on %r"F c tVnh o(i ho mnh hZn ion W72F# K# -guyn t %r N nguyn t W7 c tVnh kh 7rng nhau# C%u +-' %ho 1:12 gam 7t =e N C:2$ gam 7t Eg No 7,nh ch'a 2DC ml @ung @Tch %uS* $# ;hu+y k 5bn ph8n 'ng kbt thfc: thu 5IJc khi lIJng kim loi trong 7,nh l 1: gam# -sng 5 molwlVt ca @ung @Tch %uS*$ 7an 59u l O !# C:1 E <# C:2 E %# C:" E K# C:D E C%u +.. %ho Eg No @ung @Tch ch'a =eS*$ N %uS*$# Sau khi ph8n 'ng kbt thfc thu 5IJc ch+t r_n ! gsm 2 kim loi N @ung @Tch < ch'a 2 mui# Wh8n 'ng kbt thfc khi nok !# %uS*$ hbt: =eS*$ @I: Eg hbt <# %uS*$ hbt: =eS*$ chIa ph8n 'ng: Eg hbt %# %uS*$ hbt: =eS*$ hbt: Eg hbt K# %uS*$ @I: =eS*$ @I: Eg hbt C%u ,/. 4a ch+t no 2au 5Ry @ng 5d tch !g ra khqi hgn hJp !g: =e: %u m N^n gi` nguyn khi lIJng !g 7an 59uk !# %u.-*"12 <# =e.-*"1" %# !g-*" K# =e.-*"12 C%u ,&' -gRm mt l 2_t trong 2DC ml @@ %u.-*"12 C:2 E 5bn khi kbt thfc ph8n 'ng : l+y l 2_t ra cRn li th+y khi lIJng l 2_t tUng C: 2o Ni khi lIJng 7an 59u# ;hi lIJng l 2_t trIc ph8n 'ng l !# "2 g <# DC g %# C:"2 g K# C:D g C%u ,(. %ho a mol Eg N 7 mol /n No @@ ch'a c mol %u 2F N @ mol !gF # Sau khi p' kbt thfc thu 5IJc @@ chfa 2 ion kim loi # H,m 5k N6 7 . 2o Ni a: c: @ 1 5d 5IJc kbt tu8 ny # !# 7 z c a <# 7 z a @w2 %# 7 c a F @w2 K# 7 c a F @w2 C%u ,). EgRm mt l k~m trong @ung @Tch c ch'a 2:2$g ion kim loi c 5iMn tVch 2F# Wh8n 'ng (ong: khi lIJng l k~m tUng thm C:B$g# 4hy (c 5Tnh ion kim loi trong @ung @Tch 7an 59u# !# %u 2+ <# Eg 2+ %# %@2F K# 4g 2+ C%u ,*. -gRm mt N[t 7rng 5sng c khi lIJng 1Cgam trong 2DCgam @ung @Tch !g-* " $# ;hi l+y N[t ra th, lIJng !g-*" trong @ung @Tch gi8m 1A# ;hi lIJng ca N[t 2au ph8n 'ng l !# 1C:"2g <# 1C:A3g %# 11:Cg K# 11:"2g 9N M:N KIM LOI C%u&' Qi6u kiMn 5d (8y ra 2a Un m{n 5iMn ha hoc l O !# %c 5iMn cac ph8i cng tibp (fc Ni @ung @Tch ch+t 5iMn ly# <# %c 5iMn cac ph8i tibp (fc Ni nhau# %# %c 5iMn cac ph8i l nh`ng ch+t khc nhau# K# %8 " 5i6u kiMn trn# C%u(' -h`ng khV no 2au 5Ry trong khV tuydn l nguyn nhRn gRy ra 2a Un m{n kim loi k !# ;hV o(i <# ;hV cac7onic %# ;hV nitZ K# ;hV !rgon C%u)' Goi ph8n 'ng ha hoc no (8y ra trong 2a Un m{n kim loi k !# Wh8n 'ng thb <# Wh8n 'ng o(i ha kh %# Wh8n 'ng phRn hy K# Wh8n 'ng ha hJp C%u*' -h`ng kim loi no 2au 5Ry c kh8 nUng to ra mng o(it 78o NM khi 5d ngoi kh&ng khV m k !# /n <# =e %# -a K# %a C%u5' Qi6u no 2au 5Ry ni ln 2a khc 7iMt N6 78n ch+t ca 2 hiMn tIJng Un m{n kim loi k !# Sa pht 2inh @{ng 5iMn <# u tr,nh o(i ha kh %# ;im loi m+t electron to ra ion @IZng K# Sa ph hy kim loi C%u+' ;bt lu[n no 2au 5Ry kh&ng 5fng k ! %c thibt 7T my mc 7rng kim loi tibp (fc Ni hZi nIc p nhiMt 5 cao c kh8 nUng 7T Un m{n ho hoc# < -i thanh /n Ni Nq tu thu 7rng thYp th, Nq tu thu 2~ 5IJc 78o NM# % Qd 5s N[t 7rng thYp ra ngoi kh&ng khV m th, 5s N[t 5 2~ 7T Un m{n 5iMn ho# K Et mibng Nq 5s hp lm 7rng 2_t tRy .2_t trng thibc1 7T (Ry (t t[n 7n trong: 5d trong kh&ng khV m th, Sn 2~ 7T Un m{n trIc# C%u,' Qd 78o NM Nq tu 5i 7idn: trong cc kim loi 2auO %u: Eg: /n: W7 nn @ng kim loi no k !# %he c Eg <# %he c /n %# %he c Eg: /n K# %he c %u: W7 C%u-' %c N[t @jng 7rng 2_t trong 5ci 2ng 56u kh&ng ph8i l 2_t nguyn ch+t# Q l nguyn nhRn @^n 5bnO !# %c N[t @jng trn 7T Un m{n theo cZ chb Un m{n 5iMn ha# <# %c N[t @jng trn 7T Un m{n theo cZ chb Un m{n ha hoc# %# %c N[t @jng trn @x 7T 2Yt ge khi tibp (fc Ni @ung @Tch 5iMn li# K# !: % 56u 5fng# C%u .' 4hy chon cRu 5fng# Hrong Un m{n 5iMn ha: (8y raO !# Sa o(i ha p cac @IZng <# Sa o(i ha p 2 cac %# Sa kh p cac Rm K# Sa o(i ha p cac Rm N 2a kh p cac @IZng
C C
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
11

C%u1C# Qd 78o NM nsi hZi .2up@e1 7rng thYp khqi 7T Un m{n: ngIci ta thIcng lt kim loi no 2au 5Ry No mLt trong ca nsi hZiO !# %r <# /n %# En K# !:<:% 56u 5fng C%u11# ;hi 5d cc cLp kim loi @Ii 5Ry ngoi kh&ng khV m: trIcng hJp no =e 7T m{nO !# !l =e <# %r =e %# %u =e K# /n =e I;2 CH< KIM LOI C%u &' Qd 5i6u chb kim loi ngIci ta thac hiMn O !# tu tr,nh o(i ha kim loi trong hJp ch+t <# tu tr,nh kh kim loi trong hJp ch+t %# tu tr,nh kh ion kim loi trong hJp ch+t K# tu tr,nh o(i ha ion kim loi trong hJp ch+t C%u (' Hrong trIcng hJp no 2au 5Ry ion -aF 7T kh thnh -a# !# QiMn phRn @ung @Tch -a*4 <# QiMn phRn @ung @Tch -a2S*$ %# QiMn phRn -a*4 nng ch8y K# QiMn phRn @ung @Tch -a%l C%u )' Qd 5i6u chb 5sng tX @ung @Tch 5sng 2un}at: ngIci ta c thd O !# Kng 2_t 5y 5sng ra khqi @ung @Tch mui <# chuydn ha 5sng 2un}at thnh %u* rsi @ng 4 2 kh p nhiMt 5 cao %# QiMn phRn @ung @Tch %uS*$ K# %8 " phIZng php trn# C%u *' Qd 5i6u chb Eg tX @ung @Tch Eg%l2 ngIci ta c thd O !# %huydn ha @ung @Tch Eg%l2 thnh Eg* rsi kh 7rng 42 p nhiMt 5 cao <# Kng kim loi mnh 5y Eg ra khqi @ung @Tch mui %# QiMn phRn Eg%l2 nng ch8y K# %8 " phIZng php trn# C%u 5' QiMn phRn Ni 5iMn cac trZ: mng ngUn già 2 5iMn cac @ung @Tch no 2au 5Ry th, @ung @Tch 2au 5iMn phRn c p4 y A k !# Kung @Tch -a%l <# Kung @Tch -a2S*$ %# Kung @Tch %uS*$ K# Kung @Tch !g-*" C%u +' Qd 5i6u chb -a kim loi: ngIci ta c thd @ng phIZng php no trong cc phIZng php 2auO !# QiMn phRn @ung @Tch -a%l# <# QiMn phRn -a%l nng ch8y# %# Kng ; cho tc @jng Ni @ung @Tch -a%l# K# ;h -a2* 7rng %* p nhiMt 5 cao# C%u,';h mt o(it 2_t 7rng %* p nhiMt 5 cao: ph8n 'ng (ong ngIci ta thu 5IJc C:$ gam =e N $$ ml %* 2 .5ktc1# %&ng th'c phRn t ca o(it 2_t l c&ng th'c no 2au 5RyO !# =e* <# =e"*$ %# =e2*" K# ;h&ng (c 5Tnh 5IJc C%u -' %ho pht 7idu 5fng N6 phIZng php nhiMt nh&m# !# -h&m che c thd kh cc o(it kim loi 5'ng 2au hi@ro trn @hy 5iMn ha# <# -h&m che c thd kh cc o(it kim loi 5'ng 2au !l trn @hy 5iMn ha# %# -h&m c thd kh cc o(it kim loi 5'ng trIc N 2au !l trn @hy 5iMn ha Ni 5i6u kiMn kim loi +y @x 7ay hZi# K# -h&m c thd kh t+t c8 cc o(it kim loi# C%u .' ;hi cho lusng khV hi@ro .c @I1 5i tua ng nghiMm ch'a !l 2*": =e*: %u*: Eg* nung nng: 5bn khi ph8n 'ng (8y ra hon ton# %h+t r_n c{n li trong ng nghiMm gsmO !# !l2*": =e*: %u*: Eg* <# !l2*": =e: %u: Eg* %# !l: =e: %u: Eg* K# !l: =e: %u: Eg C%u &/' Qd 5i6u chb can(i kim loi c thd @ng cc phIZng phpO !# Kng 42 5d kh %a* p nhiMt 5 cao# <# Kng kali kim loi 5y %a ra khqi @ung @Tch mui %a%l2# %# QiMn phRn nng ch8y mui %a%l2# K# %8 " cch !: <: % 56u 5IJc# C%u &&' %ho lusng 42 5i tua C: gam %u* nung nng# Sau ph8n 'ng 5IJc C:3A2 gam ch+t r_n # 4iMu 2u+t ph8n 'ng kh %u* thnh %u lO !# 3C <# AD %# C K# BC C%u &(' QiMn phRn 1 mui clorua kim loi ki6m nng ch8y thu 5IJc C:B3 lVt %l 2 .5kc1 p anot N ":12g kim loi p catot# %&ng th'c mui 5 lO !#-a%l <#;%l %# Gi%l K# )7%l C%u &)' -h`ng kim loi no 2au 5Ry c thd 5i6u chb 5IJc tX o(it 7rng phIZng php nhiMt luyMn nhc ch+t kh %*k !# =e: !l: %u <# /n: Eg: =e %# =e: En: -i K# -i: %u: %a C%u &*' ;~m tc @jng Ni @ung @Tch 4 2S*$ lohng: thm No 5 Ni giot @ung @Tch %uS* $# Gaa chon hiMn tIJng 78n ch+t (8y raO !#n m{n kim loi <# n m{n 5iMn ha %# 4i5ro thot ra mnh hZn K: Eu (anh 7ibn m+t C%u &5: -guyn t_c chung 5d 5i6u chb kim loi l !# o(i ha ion kim loi thnh kim loi# <#@ng kim loi mnh kh ion kim loi ybu hZn# %#kh ion kim loi thnh kim loi# K#thac hiMn tu tr,nh o(i ha kim loi# C%u &+: WhIZng php @ng mt kim loi c tVnh kh mnh hZn 5d kh ion kim loi khc trong @ung @Tch mui 5IJc goi l phIZng php !#nhiMt luyMn# <# 5iMn phRn# %#thy phRn# K#thy luyMn# C%u &,: WhIZng php c thd 5i6u chb 5IJc h9u hbt cc kim loi l !# thy luyMn# <# nhiMt luyMn# %# 5iMn phRn# K# thy luyMn N 5iMn phRn# C%u &-O %hon phat 7iu 5ung N 2I 5in phRn k !# Ga tua trinh o(i hoa khI (ay ra trn 7 mUt cac 5in cIc# <# Ga 2I phRn li cac chRt 5in phRn thanh ion tai cac 5in cIc# %# Ga tua trinh o(i hoa khI (ay ra trn 7 mUt 5in cIc khi cho @ong 5in m&t chiu 5i tua @@ chRt 5in li hoUc chRt 5in li nong chay# K# Ga tua trinh o(i hoa Na tua trinh khI cac ion @IZng Na ion Rm # C%u&.O -h`ng kim loi no 2au 5Ry c thd 5IJc 5i6u chb tX o(it: 7rng phIZng php nhiMt luyMn nhc ch+t kh %*k !# =e: !l: %u <# /n: %u: =e %# =e: -a: !g K# -i: %u: %a C%u (/' Qd 5i6u chb cc kim loi -a: Eg : %a trong c&ng nghiMp : ngIci ta @ng cch no trong cc cch 2au k
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
12

!# QiMn phRn @@ mui clorua 7ho h{a tIZng 'ng c Nch ngUn <# Kng 4 2 hoLc %* kh o(it kim loi tIZng 'ng p nhiMt 5 cao %# Kng kim loi ; cho tc @jng Ni @@ mui clorua tIZng 'ng K# QiMn phRn nng ch8y mui clorua khan tIZng 'ng # C%u (&: Qin phRn @@ -a%l : 5in cIc trZ : kh&ng co Nach ngUn : San phRm thu 5IZc g&m O !# 42: %l2: -a*4 <# 42: %l: -a*4: nIZc aNel %# 42: %l2 : nIZc aNel K# 42 : nIZc aNel# C%u ((: Kung @Tch no 2au 5Ry khi 5iMn phRn thac ch+t l 5iMn phRn nIc O !# -a%l <# -a2S*$ %#%uS*$ K# 4%l C%u (): H @ung @Tch Eg%l2 : phIZng php thVch hJp 5d iu ch Eg lOA. in phRn @ung @Tch Eg%l2 # 2F <# c& cn @ung @Tch ri in phRn Eg%l2 nng chy# %# @ng -a kim loi kh ion Eg trong @ung @ch# K# chuyn Eg%l2 thnh Eg.*412 ri thnh Eg* N kh Eg* 7ng %* p nhiMt 5 cao# C%u (*O Hrong tu tr,nh in phRn %a%l2 nng chy: p anot (y ra phn ngO !# o(i ha ion clorua %# kh ion can(i <# kh ion clorua K# o(i ha ion can(i C%u (5: Qd 5i6u chb kim loi -a: ngIci ta 2 @jng phIZng php !# 5iMn phRn @ung @Tch -a*4 # < 5iMn phRn nng ch8y -a*4# %# cho !l tc @jng Ni -a2* p nhiMt 5 cao# K# cho ; No @ung @Tch -a%l 5d ; kh ion -aF thnh -a# C%u (+: QiMn phRn @ung @Tch -a%l c mng ngUn: p catot thu 5IJc 28n phm g, k <# 42 %# %l2 K# -a*4 N 42 !# -a C%u (,OQiMn phRn @ung @Tch ch'a mui no 2au 5Ry 2~ 5i6u chb 5IJc kim loi tIZng 'ngk !# -a%l <# %a%l2 %# !g-*" K#!l%l" C%u (-: QiMn phRn !l2*" nng ch8y # Hi catot (8y ra tu tr,nhO !# o(i ha ion !l"F <# kh ion !l"F %# kh ion *2 K# o(i ha ion *2 C%u (.: Qin phRn @@ h&n hZp .%uS* $: ;<r1 : trong 5o n&ng 5& molw l cua 2 mu&i 7Ung nhau# -u thm Nai giot tuy tim Nao @ung @Tch 2au khi 5in phRn thi mau cua @@ thay 5&i nhI th naok !# ;h&ng 5&i mau <# Kung @Tch co mau 5o %# Kung @Tch co mau (anh K# Kung @Tch kh&ng mu C%u )/: ;hi cho lusng khV 4 2 .@I1 5i tua ng nghiMm ch'a !l 2*": =e*: %u*:Eg* nung nng 5bn khi ph8n 'ng (8y ra hon ton# %h+t r_n c{n li trong ng nghiMm l O !# !l2*": =e*: %u*: Eg <# !l2*": =e: %u: Eg* %# !l: =e :%u: Eg K# !l: =e: %u: Eg* C%u )&: QiMn phRn @@ ch'a 1:"Dg mui clorua ca mt kim loi E ha trT . 1 5bn khi catot c khV thot ra th, ngIng : thu 5IJc 22$ml khV p anot .5kc1# E l O ! /n <# %u %# Eg K#=e C%u )(: <&t %u co lRn tap chRt la 7&t /n Na 7&t W7 : @ung hoa chRt nao 2au 5Ry co th loai 7o 5IZc tap chRt k !# Kung @Tch %u.-*"12 <#Kung @Tch !g-*" %# Kung @Tch /nS*$ K#Kung @Tch W7.-*"12 C%u )): Qin phRn co mang ngUn .5in cIc trZ1 1CCml @@ Eg%l 2 C:1DE NZi cIZng 5& @ong 5in C:1! trong B3DC giRy # -&ng 5& mol wl cua @ung @Tch Eg%l2 2au khi 5in phRn laO !# C:12E <# C:1DE %# C:DE K#C:1E C%u )*: Qin phRn hoan toan 1:Bg mu&i E%l2 nong chay 5uZc C:$g kim loai E Z catot # %HWH cua mu&i laO !# /n%l2 <# %a%l2 %# Eg%l2 K# %u%l2 C%u )5: Qd kh hon ton 13g mt o(it kim loi c9n @ng 3:A2 lit 42 .5ktc1# ;im loi E lO ! # Eg < # %u % # =e K # %r C%u )+: QiMn phRn mui clorua ca 1 kim loi E nng ch8y thu 5IJc 3g kim loi thot ra p catot N ":"3 lit khV .5ktc1# %&ng th'c ca mui 5em 5iMn phRn lO ! # -a%l < # ;%l % # <a%l2 K # %a%l2 C%u ),: %ho khV %* @I 5i tua hgn hJp gsm %u*: !l2*" : Eg* .nung nng1 ;hi ph8n 'ng (8y ra hom ton thu 5IJc ch+t r_n gsmO ! # %u: !l: Eg < # %u: !l: Eg* % # %u: !l2*" : Eg K # %u: !l2*" : Eg* C%u )-: QiMn phRn 7rng 5iMn cac trZ @ung @Tch mui 2un}at ca kim loi ha trT Ni @{ng 5iMn c cIcng 5 3!# Sau 2B phft th+y khi lIJng catot tUng ":$Dg# ;im loi 5 lO ! # /n < # %u % # -i K # Sn C%u ).: %ho lusng 42 5i tua C: gam %u* nung nng# Sau ph8n 'ng 5IJc C:3A2 gam ch+t r_n # 4iMu 2u+t ph8n 'ng kh %u* thnh %u lO !# 3C <# AD %# C K# BC C%u */: %ho B:3Dg hgn hJp 7t !l: =e c te lM 2 mol n =e O n!l 0 1O 2 No "CC ml @ung @Tch !g-* " 1E# ;huy 56u cho ph8n 'ng hon ton thu 5IJc m gam ch+t r_n# mi trT ca m lO ! # "":BDg < # "D:2Cg % # "B:"Dg K # "D:"Bg C%u *&: Hhac hiMn ph8n 'ng nhiMt nh&m =e2*" . hon ton1 2au ph8n 'ng 28n phm thu 5IJc lO !# !l2*" <# =e %# =e N !l2*" K# ph8n 'ng kh&ng (8y ra C%u *): QiMn phRn @@ /nS*$ p catot (8y ra tu tr,nhO !# /n2F F 2e /n <# S*$2 2e S F 2*2 %# 42* F 2e 2*4 F 42 K# 42* 2e *2 F 2 4F C%u ** HX <a* c thd 5i6u chb kim loi <a tua Vt nh+t 7ao nhiu ph8n 'ng k !# 1 ph8n 'ng <# 2 ph8n 'ng %# " ph8n 'ng K# $ ph8n 'ng C%u *5: QiMn phRn DCCg @@ -a%l ":D1 . 5iMn cac trZ: c mn ngUn1 ;hV thu 5IJc p %atot l khV nok % thd tVch l 7ao nhiu litk !# ;hV %lo : ":"3 lit <# ;hV %lo : 3:A2 lit %# ;hV 4i@ro : ":"3 lit K# ;hV 4i@ro : 3:A2 lit C%u *+: -gRm 1 thanh kim loi %u c khi lIJng 2Cg No trong 2DC g @@ !g-*" 3: 5bn khi l+y thanh %u ra th, khi lIJng !g-*" trong @@ l 12:AD g # ;hi lIJng thanh %u 2au ph8n 'ng lO !# 2D:Ag <# 1$:"g %# 21:Bg K# 21:1g
C=C DNG BI TP PH>N I CNG KIM LOI

DNG &' KIM LOI T=C D?NG V@I PHI KIM C%u &' ;hi lIJng clo tc @jng NXa 5 Ni nh&m to ra 23:A gam !l%l" l
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
1"

$' 21:" gam B' 12:" gam# C' 1":2 gam# D' 2":1 gam# C%u (' Qt chy 7t !l trong 7,nh khV clo @I: 2au khi ph8n 'ng (8y ra hon ton khi lIJng ch+t r_n trong 7,nh tUng $:23 gam# ;hi lIJng !l 5h ph8n 'ng l $' 1:C gam# B' 2:13 gam# C' 1:32 gam# D' ":2$ gam# C%u )' ;hi lIJng %u tc @jng NXa 5 Ni clo to ra 2A gam %u%l2 l $' 12:$ gam B' 12: gam# C' 3:$ gam# D' 2D:3 gam# C%u *' %ho m gam " kim loi =e: !l: %u No mt 7,nh kVn ch'a C:B mol o(i# -ung nng 7,nh 1 thci gian cho 5bn khi 2 mol *2 trong 7,nh c{n C:3D mol N ch+t r_n trong 7,nh c khi lIJng 2:12 gam# mi trT m 5h @ng l $' 1:2 gam# B' C:2 gam# C' C:1 gam# D' 1:C gam# C%u 5' Qt 1 lIJng nh&m trong 3:A2 lVt *2# %h+t r_n thu 5IJc 2au ph8n 'ng cho ho tan hon ton No @ung @Tch 4%l th+y 7ay ra 3:A2 lVt 42 .cc ph8n 'ng (8y ra hon ton: cc thd tVch khV 5o p 5kc1# ;hi lIJng nh&m 5h @ng l $' :1gam# B' 13:2gam# C' 1:$gam# D' 2$:"gam# DNG > VAC WNH KIM LOAI Oe2 Cac 0>nh kim loai ta ca$n tRm khoi l/ng nguyen t% cu%a kim loai. Neu .ai toan cha cho hoa t'> cu%a kim loai thR goi n la hoa t'> kim loai D ) n ,E, &au 0o 3a !ao gia% thiet .ai toan tRm ) #h/ng t'Rnh * a2n &o n !a ", 'o$i .ien luan. Co t'/ng h/# ta #ha%i tRm khoi l/ng nguyen t% kim loai Mua khoi l/ng #han t% cu%a h/# chat cha kim loai. Neu ho7n h/# hai kim loai co cung hoa t'> thR goi Cong thc chung DC-CE cu%a hai kim loai la " BI TP T!AC NGHI7M KH=CH B2$N: Cau )O 4{a tan hon ton 1:$$g kim loi ) ha trT 7rng 2DC ml @ung @Tch 42S*$ C:"E# Qd trung h{a a(it @I c9n @ng 3C ml @ung @Tch -a*4 C:DE# H,m kim loi ) O !# /n <# =e %# Eg K# -i Cau *: oa tan hoan toan p,n g kim loai " t'ong 3ung 3>ch *=A8 0a+c nong thu 0/c 3ung 3>ch 9 !a ,,,nl kh( =A* 3uy nhat /% 0ktc. 1im loai " la: 9. Ca <.9l C. Cu ?. Fe Cau ,: Cho *,)n gam kim loai 9 tac 3ung hoan toan !/i 3ung 3>ch *=A8 0a+c nong tao 'a *,phnfl kh( =A* /% *g,,oC !a ) atm. 1im loai 9 la: 9. Bn <. 9l C. Fe ?. Cu Cau 8O 4o tan hbt m gam kim loi E 7rng @ung @Tch 4 2S*$ lohng : rsi c& cn @ung @Tch 2au ph8n 'ng thu 5IJc Dm g mui khan# ;im loi E lO !# !l <# Eg %# /n K# =e Cau hO Qd o(i ho hon ton mt kim loi E c ho trT kh&ng 5li .trong hJp ch+t1 thnh o(it ph8i @ng mt lIJng o(i 7rng $C lIJng kim loi 5h @ng# E lO !# =e <# !l %# Eg K# %a Cau n: Cho 8,hp gam mot oCit kim loai co hoa t'> khong 0o2i tac 3ung !/i 3ung 3>ch NA, 3 thu 0/c g,f, gam muoi nit'at. %&ng thc oCit kim loai la:9. <aA <. "gA C. 9l*A, ?. Oa# an khac Cau g: ai kim loai 9,< ke tie# thuoc nhom II9. Nay \,ff gam ho7n h/# hoa tan het !ao 3ung 3>ch Cl 3 tao \,ng* ml kh( * D 0ktcE !a khi co can thu 0/c m gam muoi . ai kim loai !a gia t'> m la: 9. "g !a Ca. ,,\)g <. Ca !a ='. *,phhg C. <e !a "g. *,f8g ?. =' !a <a. ),p8hg Cau f: oa tan hoan toan ho7n h/# U go$m )8,*g muoi cac.onat cu%a hai kim loai /% hai chu ky ke tie# thuoc nhom II9 .aWng 33 Cl 3 0/c ,,hf8l kh( CA * D0ktcE !a 3ung 3>ch L. ai kim loai la: 9. Ca !a =' <. <e !a Ca C. "g !a Ca ?. =' !a <a Cau p: 4o tan hon ton 1:2 gam kim loi E No @ung @Tch 4-* " @I thu 5IJc C:22$ lVt khV - 2 p 5ktc .28n phm kh @uy nh+t1# E l kim loi no @Ii 5Ryk 9. Bn <. 9l C. Ca ?. "g Cau )\: -hfng mt mibng kim loi E No @ung @Tch %uS*$: 2au mt lfc 5em cRn li th+y mibng kim loi c khi lIJng ln hZn 2o Ni trIc ph8n 'ng# E kh&ng thd l O 9. 9l <. Fe C. Bn ?. Ni Cau )): -gRm mt l k~m trong @ung @Tch mui 2un}at c ch'a $:$ gam ion kim loi 5iMn tVch 2F# Sau ph8n 'ng: khi lIJng l k~m tUng thm 1:g# %&ng th'c ho hoc ca mui 2un}at lO 9. Cu=A8 <. Fe=A8 C. Ni=A8 ?. C3=A8 Cau )*O -hfng thanh kim loi ) chIa 7ibt ho trT No @ung @Tch ch'a C:C" mol %uS* $# Wh8n 'ng (ong nh+c thanh ) ra th+y khi lIJng tUng 1:" gam# ;im loi ) l 9. 9l <. Fe C. Bn ?. "g Cau ),: -hfng thanh kim loi E c ha trT 2 No @@ %uS*$: 2au 1 thci gian l+t thanh kim loi ra th+y khi lIJng gi8m C:CD #ELt khc nhfng thanh kim loi tn No @@ W7.-*"12 2au 1 thci gian th+y khi lIJng tUng A:1 #<ibt rrng : 2& 1mol %uS*$: W7.-*"12 tham gia p 2 trIcng hJp nhI nhau #|c 5Tnh Ek !# /n <# =e %# Eg K# -i
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
1$
Cau )8: 1im loai " co hoa t'> khong 0o2i. oa tan het \,f8 gam " .aWng 3ung 3>ch NA , 3 gia%i #hong 'a \.,),nl kh( S /% 0ktc go$m NA !a N *A co t; khoi 0oi !/i * .aWng )g,f. 1im loai " la: 9. 9l <. Bn C. Fe ?. 0a# an khac Cau )h: oa tan mot oCit kim loai hoa t'> II .aWng mot l/ng !a 0u% 3ung 3>ch *=A8 )\m thu 0/c 3ung 3>ch muoi co no$ng 0o )),fm. 1im loai 0o la: 9. Bn <."g C.Fe ?. P. Cau )n: 4o tan hon ton mt lIJng kim loi ho trT 7rng @ung @Tch 4%l 1$:3 NXa 5 5IJc mt @ung @Tch mui c nsng 5 2$:1D# ;im loi 5h cho lO 9. "g <. Bn C. Fe ?. <a Cau )g: -'ong h\\ml 33 U co cha \,8p*hg mot ho7n h/# go$m muoi clo'ua !a hi3'oCit cu%a kim loai kie$m. P cu%a 3ung 3>ch la )* !a khi 0ien #han )H)\ 33 U cho 0en khi het kh( Cl* thR thu 0/c )),*ml kh( Cl* /% *g,oC !a )atm. 1im loai kie$m 0o la: 9. 1 <. C& C.Na ?. Ni Cau )f: Cho mot 33 9 cha *,fhg mot muoi halogenua cu%a mot kim loai tac 3ung !a 0u% !/i )\\ml 33 9gNA, thu 0/c f,n)g ket tu%a. "a+t khac 0em 0ien #han nong cha%y hoan toan D!/i 0ien cc t'/E a gam muoi t'en thR thay khoi l/ng catot taQng len f,)ng 0o$ng th/i /% anot co g,n)nl kh( thoat 'a /% 0ktc. Cong thc muoi !a no$ng 0o molHl cu%a 3ung 3>ch 9gNA, la: 9. CaCl*V \,g" <.Ca<'* V \,f" C. "g<'*V \,8" ?. "gCl*V \,n" Cau )p: oa tan 8g hh go$m Fe !a mot kim loai hoa t'> II !ao 33 Cl 0/c *,*8l kh( * D0ktcE. Neu ch; 3ung *,8g kim loai hoa t'> II cho !ao 33 Cl thR 3ung khong het h\\ml 33 Cl )". 1im loai hoa t'> II la: 9. Ca <. "g C.<a ?. <e % 2C# oa tan ),gg ho7n h/# kim loai 9 /% nhom II9 !a Bn !ao 33 Cl thu 0/c \,ng*l kh( D0ktcE. "a+t khac 0e2 hoa tan ),pg 9 thR 3ung khong het *\\ml 3ung 3>ch Cl \,h". 1im loai 9 la : 9.Ca <. Cu C."g ?. =' %Ru 21: 4{a tan hon ton 13:2g mt kim loi ha trT 7rng @ung @Tch 4-*":thu 5IJc D:3l .5kc1 hgn hJp | gsm -* N -2# <ibt te khi hZi ca | 2o Ni khV o(i 7rng C:B# |c 5Tnh tn kim loi 5em @ngk 9. 9l <. Fe C. Cu ?. Na Cau **:. 4o tan hon ton $D:Bg kim loi ) 7rng @ung @Tch 4-*" lohng thu 5IJc hgn hJp khV gsm C:" mol - 2* N C:Bmol -* # 4qi ) l kim loi noO 9. "g <. Fe C. 9l ?. Cu Cau *,: )n,* gam kim loai } tan het !ao 3ung 3>ch NA , thu 0/c h,nl ho7n h/# kh( N * !a NA /% 0ktc co khoi l/ng g,* gam. 1im loai } la: 9. Bn <. Fe C. Cu ?. 9l % 2$. oa tan 8g hh go$m Fe !a mot kim loai hoa t'> II !ao 33 Cl 0/c *,*8l kh( * D0ktcE. Neu ch; 3ung *,8g kim loai hoa t'> II cho !ao 33 Cl thR 3ung khong het h\\ml 33 Cl )". 1im loai hoa t'> II la: 9. Ca <. "g C.<a ?. <e
Cau *h: o7n h/# U go$m hai muoi clo'ua cu%a hai kim loai kie$m tho2 thuoc hai chu ky ke tie#. Oien #han nong cha%y het )h,\hg hh U 0/c ,,,nlD0ktcE /% anot !a m gam kim loai /% catot. Kia t'> m la: 9. *,*g <. 8,8g C.,,8g ?. ng
Cau *n. ;h hon ton mt o(it 2_t nguyn ch+t 7rng %* @I p nhiMt 5 cao# ;bt thfc ph8n 'ng: khi lIJng ch+t r_n gi8m 5i 2A:D# *(it 2_t 5h @ng lO 9. Fe*A, <. Fe,A8 C. FeA ?. C8 9,<,C Cau *g. oa tan *,8 g mot oCit &a5t ca$n !a 0u% p\ml 3ung 3>ch Cl )". Cong thc cu%a oCit &a5t noi t'en la : 9. Fe*A, <. FeA C.Fe,A8 ?. 1hong Cac 0>nh 0/c Cau *f: oa tan *,f8 gam ho7n h/# hai muoi cac.onat cu%a hai kim loai 9,< ke tie# thuoc nhom II9 .aWng 3ung 3>ch Cl 3 0/c \,fpnl CA * D/% h8,n oC, \,patmE. aE ai kim loai 9,< la:9. Ca !a =' <. <e !a "g C. =' !a <a ?."g !a Ca .E Cho toan .o l/ng kh( CA * tao 'a /% t'en ha# thu hoan toan !ao *\\ml 3ung 3>ch <aDA E* co no$ng 0o C" thR thu 0/c ,,p8 gam ket tu%a. Kia t'> C" la: 9. \,)" <. \,)*h" C. \.)" !a \,)*h" ?. Oa# an khac
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
1D
Cau *p: in #hZn !(i ain cc t'{ muWi clo'ua c0a m5t kim loì ho[ t'q II !(i cQng a5 3ong ain ,9. =au )p,\ giZy, thky khWi luong catot tdng ),p*gam. 1im loì t'ong muWi clo'ua lb kim loì nbo cho 3(i aZy z 9.Ni < . Bn C. Fe ?. Cu Cau ,\: in #hZn 33 U cha \,8 mol "DNA ,E* !b )mol NaNA, D" h7a t'q IIE !(i ain cc t'{ t'ong thQi gian 8f#hPt )hgiZy thu a_c )),h*g 1im Noai " tì Catot !b *,\)n l|t kh| Da ktcE tì 9not. U[c aqnh 1im Noai ". 9. "g <. Bn C. Ni ?. Cu Cau ,): oa tan ),fg muoi &unXat mot kim loai nhom II9 t'ong n/c, 'o$i #ha loa4ng cho 0u% h\ml 3ung 3>ch. Oe2 # het !/i 33 nay ca$n *\ml 33 <aCl * \,gh". Cong thc !a no$ng 0o cu%a muoi &unXat la 9. Ca=A8. \,*" <. "g=A8. \,\*" C."g=A8. \,," ?.='=A8. \,\," Cau ,*: Cho 33 U cha ,,f*g ho7n h/# * muoi &un#hat cu%a mot kim loai kie$m !a mot kim loai hoa t'> II. -hem !ao 3ung 3>ch U mot l/ng !a 0u% 33 <aCl * thR thu 0/c n,ppg ket tu%a. Neu .o% loc ket tu%a 'o$i co can 3ung 3>ch thR 0/c l/ng muoi khan thu 0/c la: 9. ,,)gg <. ,,*gg C.8,\*g ?. ,,\gg Cau ,,: "ot loai oCit &a5t 3ung 0e2 luyen gang. Neu kh% a gam oCit &a5t nay .aWng CA /% nhiet 0o cao ng/i ta thu 0/c \,f8g Fe !a \,88f l(t kh( CA * D0ktcE. Cong thc hoa hoc cu%a oCit &a5t t'en la: 9. Fe*A, <. FeA C. Fe,A8 ?. 1hong Cac 0>nh 0/c Cau ,8: oa tan het \,)h mol oCit &a5t t'ong 33 NA , 3 thu 0/c )\f,pg muoi !a V l(t kh( NA D*hoC !a ),*atmE. ACit &a5t la: 9. Fe*A, <. Fe,A8 C.FeA ?. khong 0u% gia% thiet 0e2 ket luan Cau ,h: Cho hh U co khoi l/ng )n,8g .ot Fe !a mot oCit &a5t hoa tan het t'ong 33 Cl 3 thu 0/c ,,,n l(t kh( *D0ktcE !a 33 L. Cho L tac 3ung !/i 33 NaA 3 thu 0/c ket tu%a B. loc ket tu%a B 'o$i '%a &ach &au 0o nung 0en khoi l/ng khong 0o2i thu 0/c *\ g chat 'a5n . Cong thc oCit &a5t 0a4 3ung /% t'en la : 9. Fe*A, <. FeA C.Fe,A8 ?. 1hong Cac 0>nh 0/c Cau ,n: oa tan hoan toan mot oCit &a5t 9 !ao 33 *=A8 loa4ng thu 0/c 33 <. ?ung 3>ch < co kha% naQng lam mat mau 33 1"nA 8 !a 33 <'*, 33< cu4ng co kha% naQng lam hoa tan .ot Cu. Cong thc cu%a oCit &a5t 9 la : 9. Fe*A, <. FeA C.Fe,A8 ?. 1hong Cac 0>nh 0/c Cau ,g: Chat U co cong thc FeCAy . oa tan *pg U t'ong 33 *=A8 0a+c nong 3 gia%i #hong 'a 8g =A*. Cong thc cu%a U la: 9. Fe*A, <. FeA C.Fe,A8 ?. 0a# an khac Cau ,f: oa tan hoan toan m gam mot oCit &a5t t'ong 3ung 3>ch *=A8 0a+c 3 thu 0/c #ha$n 3ung 3>ch cha )*\g muoi !a *,*8l kh( =A * D0ktcE. Cong thc oCit &a5t !a gia t'> m la: 9. Fe*A, !a8fg <. FeA !a 8,,*g C.Fe,A8 !a8n,8g ?. 0a# an khac Cau "BO Cho hh go$m .ot nhom !a oCit &a5t. -hc hien hoan toan #ha%n ng nhiet nhom Dgia% &% ch; co #ha%n ng oCit &a5t thanh FeE thu 0/c hh 'a5n < co khoi l/ng )p,f* g. Chia hh < thanh * #ha$n .aWng nhau: -Pha$n ) : cho t3 !/i mot l/ng 3 33 NaA thu 0/c ),nf l(t kh( * 0ktc. -Pha$n * : cho t3 !/i mot l/ng 3 33 Cl thR co ,,8g* l(t kh( * thoat 'a. Uac 0>nh cong thc cu%a oCit &a5t: 9. Fe*A, <. Fe,A8 C. FeA ?. 1hong Cac 0>nh 0/c Cau $CO 1h% hoan toan 8,\ng oCit kim loai .aWng CA /% nhiet 0o cao tao kim loai !a kh(. 1h( &inh 'a cho ha# thu het !ao 33 CaDA E * 3 tao g g ket tu%a. kim loai &inh 'a cho tac 3ung het !/i 33 Cl 3 thu 0/c ),)gnl kh( * D0ktcE. oCit kim loai la 9. Fe*A, <. BnA C.Fe,A8 ?. 0a# an khac Cau 8): Chia ,f,n g ho7n h/# U go$m kim loai 9 hoa t'> * !a < hoa t'> , thanh hai #ha$n .aWng nhau. -Pha$n I : hoa tan het t'ong 33 *=A8 !a 0u% thu 0/c 3ung 3>ch L !a )8,hnl kh( * D0ktcE. -Pha$n II : tac 3ung !/i 33 NaA 3 thR t o 'a )\,\f l D0ktcE !a con lai kim loai 9 khong tac 3ung la )),*g. 1im loai 9,< la : 9. Fe !a Cl <. "g !a 9l C. Ca !a C' ?. Oa# an khac
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
13

Cau $2O % C:2 mol hgn hJp mt kim loi ho trT N mt kim loi ho trT # Hhm No hgn hJp ny $:g magi 5IJc mt hgn hJp mi trong 5 hm lIJng ca Eg l AD # 4gn hJp 7an 59u ch_c ch_n c ch'a O !# /n <# %u %# Eg K# -a Cau $"O Cho )\,hg ho7n h/# * kim loai go$m 9l !a kim loai kie$m " !ao t'ong n/c thu 0/c 33 < !a h,nl kh( D0ktcE. Cho t t 33 Cl !ao 33 < 0e2 thu 0/c mot l/ng ket tu%a l/n nhat na+ng g,f gam. 1im loai " la: 9. Ni <. Na C. 1 ?. }. Cau 88: %ho DC:2 g hgn hJp ! p @ng 7t gsm =e N mt kim loi E c ho trT kh&ng 5li 7rng 2 . 5'ng trIc 4 trong @hy 5iMn ho1# %hia ! thnh 2 ph9n 7rng nhau# %ho ph9n 1 tc @jng Ni @ung @Tch 4%l @I th+y c C:$ mol khV 4 2# %ho ph9n 2 tc @jng hbt Ni @ung @Tch 4-*"lohng 5un nng th+y thot ra C:" mol khV -* @uy nh+t# ;im loi E lO 9E "g <E =n CE Bn ?E Ni Cau 8h: "5t oCit kim loì c7 t l #hvn t'dm c0a oCi t'ong thbnh #hvn lb *\m. Ctng thc c0a oCit kim loì a7 lb 9. CuA <. FeA C. "gA ?. C'A Cau 8n: Cho oCit 9CAy c0a m5t kim loì 9 c7 gi[ t'q khtng a;i. Cho p,n gam 9 CAy nguyen chkt tan t'ong NA, 3 thu a_c **,hn gam muWi. Ctng thc c0a oCit lb !# Eg* <# %a* %# =e* K# %u* Cau $AO Cho \,\) mol mot h/# chat cu%a Fe tac 3ung het !/i *=A8 0a+c nong 3 thoat 'a \,))* l(t kh( =A* la &a%n #ha2m kh% 3uy nhat. Cong thc cu%a h/# chat &a5t 0o la !# =eS <# =eS2 %# =e* K# =e%*" Cau $# Cho m5t 33 muWi clo'ua kim loì.Cho m5t tkm &it nung )\ gam !bo )\\ ml 33 t'en, #h]n ng Cong khWi l_ng tkm kim loì lb )\,) gam. Nì . m5t tkm cac3imi DC3E )\ gam !bo )\\ml 33 muWi clo'ua kim loì t'en, #h]n ng Cong, khWi l_ng tkm kim loì lb p,8 gam. Ctng thc #hZn t muWi clo'ua kim loì lb !# -i%l2 <# W7%l2 %# 4g%l2 K# %u%l2 %Ru $BO %ho $:$ lVt khV %* .p 5ktc1 tX tX 5i tua ng 2' nung nng 5ang gam mt o(it 2_t 5bn khi ph8n 'ng (8y ra hon ton# ;hV thu 5IJc 2au ph8n 'ng c te khi 2o Ni hi5ro 7rng 2C# %&ng th'c ca o(it 2_t N ph9n trUm thd tVch ca khV %*2 trong hgn hJp khV 2au ph8n 'ng l .%ho 4 0 1] % 0 12] * 0 13] =e 0 D31 !# =e*] AD# <# =e2*"] AD# %# =e2*"] 3D# K# =e"*$] AD# CZu h\. Cho )p,* gam kim loì " tan hobn tobn t'ong 3ung 3qch NA , 3, thu a_c 8,8f l|t kh| NA DaktcE. Cho NaA 3 !bo 3ung 3qch ta thu a_c m5t k^t t0a. Nung k^t t0a t'ong khtng kh| a^n khWi l_ng khtng a;i a_c m gam chkt 'in. 1im loì " !b gi[ t'q m lvn l_t lb :9. "g !b *h g <. Fe !b *g g C. 9l !b ,\ g ?. Cu !b *8 g Ki" #$Xi C &c 4Y !i" #$Xi C <+&' <Zc3 !iW" Cu 1: ob tan hobn tobn )g,ff gam hwn h_# U g2m * kim loì kixm 9, < !b kim loì kixm th; " !bo n(c thu a_c 3ung 3qch C !b \,*8 mol *. ?ung 3qch ? g2m a mol *=A8 !b 8a mol Cl. -'ung hob )H*C .lng 3ung 3qch ? thu a_c m gam muWi. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. )f,8ng. <. *g,8\. C. *\,*n. ?. *g,pf. Dng cho cu 2, 3, 4: ob tan hwn h_# <a, Na D!(i t l mol ):)E !bo n(c a_c 3ung 3qch 9 !b \,ng* l|t kh| *DaktcE. Cu 2: -h~ t|ch 3ung 3qch Cl \,)" cvn a~ t'ung hob 3ung 3qch 9 lb 9. ,\\ml. <. ,\ml. C. n\\ml. ?. n\ml. Cu 3: 1hWi l_ng muWi thu a_c &au #h]n ng t'ung hob lb 9. h,,pg. <. h,,gg. C. h,,hg. ?. h,,,g. Cu 4: Cho hn\ ml CA*DaktcE. hk# th/ h^t !bo 3ung 3qch 9. 1hWi l_ng k^t t0a thu a_c lb 9. 8,p*hg. <. ,,p8\g. C. *,phhg. ?. \,pfhg. Dng cho cu 5, 6, 7: Cho *g,8 gam <a !bo h\\ gam 3ung 3qch U g2m DN 8E*=A8 ),,*m !b Cu=A8 *m !b aun n7ng thu a_c V l|t kh| 9 DaktcE, 3ung 3qch < !b m gam k^t t0a C. Cu 5: Ki[ t'q c0a V lb 9. h,n\. <. n,g*. C. 8,8f. ?. f,pn. Cu 6: Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. ,*,,,gh. <. h*,g*h\. C. ,,,,*gh. ?. h*,g*\h. Cu 7: N2ng a5 #hvn t'dm c0a chkt tan t'ong < lb 9. ,,*)8m. <. ,,)ppm. C. ,,\,hm. ?. ,,,\hm.
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
1A
Dng cho cu 8, 9: ob tan *,)hgam hwn h_# g2m ) kim loì kixm 9 !b ) kim loì kixm th; < !bo *A thu a_c 3ung 3qch C !b \,88fl|t *DaktcE. ~ t'ung hob )H* 3ung 3qch C cvn V l|t 3ung 3qch Cl \,)" !b thu a_c m gam muWi. Cu 8: Ki[ t'q c0a V !b m lvn l_t lb 9. \,* !b ,,hg\. <. \,* !b ),gfh. C. \,8 !b ,,hg\. ?. \,8 !b ),gfh. Cu 9: -hem *=A8 3 !bo )H* 3ung 3qch C thu a_c ),)nhg k^t t0a. 9 !b < lvn l_t lb 9. Ni, <a. <. Na, <a. C. 1, <a. ?. Na, Ca. Dng cho cu 10, 11, 12: wn h_# L g2m , kim loì Na, 9l, Fe a_c nghixn nh t'5n axu !b chia thbnh , #hvn .lng nhau. ob tan #hvn ) t'ong \,hlit 33 Cl ),*" a_c h,\8l|t kh| !b 33 9. Phvn * cho t[c 3/ng !(i 33 NaA 3 thu a_c ,,p*lit kh|. Phvn , cho t[c 3/ng !(i n(c 3 thu a_c *,*8lit kh|. <i^t th~ t|ch c[c kh| ao + aktc !b th~ t|ch 3ung 3qch khtng a;i. Cu 10: 1hWi l_ng c0a Na, 9l t'ong L lvn l_t lb 9. ,,8hgV f,)\g. <. ),)hgV *,g\g. C. f,)\gV ,,8hg. ?. *,g\gV ),)hg. Cu 11: N2ng a5 molHl|t c0a Cl t'ong 3ung 3qch 9 lb 9. \,)". <. \,*". C. \,,". ?. \,8". Cu 12: 1hWi l_ng chkt tan t'ong 3ung 3qch 9 lb 9. ,h,p*hg. <. *h,8*hg. C. 8),8\\g. ?. *f,)\\g. Cu 13: Cho *\,) gam hwn h_# 9 cha 9l, "g, 9l *A, t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch NaA 3 thu a_c n,g*lit *DaktcE. "ut kh[c, nû hob tan h^t *\,)gam 9 !bo V l|t 3ung 3qch Cl )" thu a_c )h,nflit *DaktcE !b 3ung 3qch <. Cvn #h]i 3ng h^t ,\\ml 3ung 3qch 1A )" m(i t'ung hob h^t l_ng aCit con 3 t'ong <. 1hWi l_ng DgamE c0a 9l*A, t'ong 9 !b gi[ t'q c0a V lvn l_t lb 9. h,8 !b ),g. <. p,n !b *,\. C. )\,* !b ),g. ?. h,) !b *,\ . Cu 14: ob tan hobn tobn hwn h_# U g2m , kim loì kixm !bo n(c thu a_c 8,8f l|t kh| * DaktcE. Nû c>ng cho l_ng U nh t'en t[c 3/ng !(i A* 3 thr thu a_c , oCit !b thky khWi l_ng chkt 'in tdng m gam. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. ,,*. <. ),n. C. 8,f. ?. n,8. Cu 15: Cho 8n,ph gam hwn h_# 9 g2m 1 !b <a t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch 9lCl , 3 thu a_c )p,h\ gam k^t t0a. Phvn t'dm khWi l_ng c0a 1 t'ong 9 lb 9. *8,p*m. <. )*,8nm. C. gh,\fm. ?. fg,h8m. Cu 16: Chia *,,* gam hwn h_# U g2m Na, 1 !b 9l thbnh * #hvn .lng nhau. Phvn ) cho t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch NaA 3 thu a_c f,pn l|t kh| * DaktcE. Phvn * cho t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch Cl 3 '2i ct c`n 3ung 3qch thr thu a_c m gam chkt 'in. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. h),n. <. *h,f. C. 8\,\. ?. ,g,8. Cu 17: Cho f,h\ gam hwn h_# Na !b 1 t[c 3/ng h^t !(i n(c thu a_c ,,,n l|t kh| * DaktcE !b 3ung 3qch U. Cho U t[c 3/ng !4a a0 !(i 3ung 3qch Fe *D=A8E, thu a_c m gam k^t t0a. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. h,,h. <. )n,\h. C. )\,g\. ?. *),8\. Dng cho cu 18, 19: Chia *,,\ gam hwn h_# U g2m Na, 1 !b Ni thbnh * #hvn .lng nhau. Phvn ) cho t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch NA , losng, !4a a0 thu a_c ),)* l|t kh| N* DaktcE !b 3ung 3qch cha m gam muWi Dkhtng cha N 8NA,E. Phvn * hob tan hobn tobn t'ong n(c thu a_c V l|t * DaktcE. Cu 18: Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. 8f,g. <. h8,\. C. )g,g. ?. 8*,h. Cu 19: Ki[ t'q c0a V lb 9. 8,8f. <. )),*\. C. h,n\. ?. f,pn. Cu 20: ob tan ),,) gam hwn h_# U g2m Ni, Na, 1 !bo n(c thu a_c V l|t kh| * DaktcE !b 3ung 3qch L. -'ung hob L .lng 3ung 3qch Cl thu a_c 3ung 3qch cha ,\,fh gam muWi. Ki[ t'q c0a V lb 9. h,n\. <. f,pn. C. ),,88. ?. n,g*. Cu 21: Cho hwn h_# 9 g2m 9l !b Na t[c 3/ng !(i *A 3 thu a_c f,pn l|t kh| * DaktcE !b con lì m5t l_ng chkt 'in khtng tan. 1hWi l_ng c0a Na t'ong 9 lb 9. *,, gam. <. 8,n gam. C. n,p gam. ?. p,* gam. Cu 22: ob tan ),,f gam hwn h_# U g2m Ni, Na, 1 !bo n(c thu a_c V l|t kh| * DaktcE !b 3ung 3qch L. =/c CA* 3 !bo 3ung 3qch L thu a_c h\,8 gam muWi. Ki[ t'q c0a V lb 9. h,n\. <. f,pn. C. ),,88. ?. n,g*. Dng cho cu 23, 24: ob tan hobn tobn ),,*\\ gam hwn h_# Na !b 1 !bo n(c thu a_c 3ung 3qch U !b 8,8f l|t kh| * DaktcE. Cho h,*\\ gam hwn h_# g2m "g !b Fe t[c 3/ng h^t !(i 3ung 3qch Cl thu a_c 3ung 3qch L cha m gam muWi !b ,,,n l|t kh| * DaktcE. Cho U t[c 3/ng !(i L a^n khi #h]n ng hobn tobn thu a_c C gam k^t t0a.
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
Cu 23: Ki[ t'q c0a m lb. 9. )\,h*h. <. p,hf\. C. )h,fh\. ?. *h,)ng. Cu 24: Ki[ t'q c0a C lb 9. )*,\\\. <. )\,,\\. C. )8,fgh. ?. **,*,h. Cu 25: ob tan hobn tobn hwn h_# * kim loì kixm !bo n(c thu a_c \,88f l|t kh| * DaktcE !b 8\\ ml 3ung 3qch U. Ki[ t'q # c0a 3ung 3qch U lb 9. ). <. *. C. )*. ?. ),. Cu 26 (B-07): wn h_# U g2m Na !b 9l. Cho m gam U !bo m5t l_ng n(c 3 thr tho[t 'a V l|t kh|. Nû c>ng cho m gam U !bo 3ung 3qch NaA 3 thr thu a_c ),ghV l|t kh|. <i^t c[c kh| ao + cng aixu kin. -hbnh #hvn #hvn t'dm khWi l_ng c0a Na t'ong U lb 9. ,p,fgm. <. *p,fgm. C. 8p,fgm. ?. gg,,)m. Cu 27: Cho hwn h_# Na, 1 !b <a t[c 3/ng h^t !(i n(c, thu a_c 3ung 3qch U !b n,g* l|t kh| * DaktcE. Nû cho U t[c 3/ng h^t !(i 3ung 3qch 9lDNA,E, thr &W gam k^t t0a l(n nhkt thu a_c lb 9. g,f gam. <. )h,n gam. C. 8n,f gam. ?. ,,p gam. Cu 28: Cho m gam hwn h_# 9 g2m 1 !b 9l t[c 3/ng !(i n(c 3, thu a_c 8,8f l|t kh| * DaktcE. Nû cho m gam 9 t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch NaA 3, thr thu a_c g,f8 l|t * DaktcE. Phvn t'dm khWi l_ng c0a 1 t'ong 9 lb 9. f,,fgm. <. )n,),m. C. 8),p8m. ?. hf,\nm. Cu 29: Cho )f,n gam hwn h_# 9 g2m 1 !b 9l t[c 3/ng h^t !(i 3ung 3qch NaA thr thu a _c )h,nf l|t kh| * DaktcE. Nû cho )f,n gam 9 t[c 3/ng h^t !(i 3ung 3qch Cl thr &W gam muWi thu a_c lb 9. nf,,\. <. n,,f\. C. 8,,8h. ?. 88,,h. !i" #$Xi C a?it t3I&' Cu 1: ob tan hobn tobn *,)g gam hwn h_# , kim loì 9, <, C t'ong 3ung 3qch Cl 3 thu a_c *,*8 l|t kh| * DaktcE !b m gam muWi. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. p,*g. <. h,g*. C. n,fh. ?. n,8f. Cu 2: ob tan hobn tobn )\,8 gam hwn h_# 9 g2m Fe !b kim loì } Dc7 h7a t'q khtng a;iE .lng 3ung 3qch Cl thu a_c n,g* l|t * DaktcE. "ut kh[c, nû cho 9 t[c 3/ng hobn tobn !(i 3ung 3qch NA, losng 3 thr thu a_c ),pn l|t N*A 3uy nhkt DaktcE !b khtng tò 'a N 8NA,. 1im loì } lb 9. 9l. <. "g. C. Bn. ?. Ca. Dng cho cu 3 v 4: ob tan h^t hwn h_# U g2m Fe !b "g .lng m5t l_ng !4a a0 3ung 3qch Cl *\m, thu a_c 3ung 3qch ?. N2ng a5 c0a FeCl * t'ong 3ung 3qch ? lb )h,ghgm. Cu 3: N2ng a5 #hvn t'dm c0a "gCl* t'ong 3ung 3qch ? lb $' &&C,-,D' B' -*C(*)D' C' --C(&)D' D' &5C,5,D' Cu 4: Phvn t'dm khWi l_ng c0a Fe t'ong hwn h_# U lb 9. ,\m. <. g\m. C. *\m. ?. f\m. Cu 5 (A-07): Cho m gam hwn h_# "g, 9l !bo *h\ml 3ung 3qch cha hwn h_# Cl )" !b *=A8 \,h" thu a_c h,,* l|t kh| * DaktcE !b 3ung 3qch L. Coi th~ t|ch 3ung 3qch khtng a;i. ?ung 3qch L c7 # lb 9. ). <. n. C. *. ?. g. Cu 6 (B-07): Cho ),ng gam hwn h_# * kim loì + * chu k k^ ti^# nhau thu5c nh7m II9 t[c 3/ng h^t !(i 3ung 3qch Cl 3, tho[t 'a \,ng* l|t kh| * DaktcE. ai kim loì a7 lb 9. "g !b Ca. <. Ca !b ='. C. =' !b <a. ?. <e !b "g. Cu 7: Cho ,,fggam hwn h_# U g2m "g !b 9l !bo *h\ml 3ung 3qch U g2m Cl )" !b *=A8 \,h" thu a_c 3ung 3qch < !b 8,,nf l|t *DaktcE. Phvn t'dm khWi l_ng "g !b 9l t'ong U t{ng ng lb 9. ,g,*)m "g !b n*,gpm 9l. <. n*,gpm "g !b ,g,*)m 9l. C. 8h,*8m "g !b h8,gnm 9l. ?. h8,gnm "g !b 8h,*8m 9l. Cu 8: ob tan hobn tobn )h,f gam hwn h_# "g, Fe, 9l t'ong 3ung 3qch *=A8 losng 3 thu a_c ),,88 l|t kh| * DaktcE !b 3ung 3qch U. Cho U t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch NaA thu a_c l_ng k^t t0a l(n nhkt lb m gam. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. *\,n <. *n,\. C. ,*,n. ?. ,n,*. Cu 9: ob tan ),)p gam hwn h_# 9 g2m 9l, Bn .lng 3ung 3qch Cl !4a a0 thu a_c 3ung 3qch U !b V l|t kh| L DaktcE. Ct c`n 3ung 3qch U a_c 8,\, gam muWi khan. Ki[ t'q c0a V lb 9. \,**8. <. \,88f. C. \,fpn. ?. ),gp*. Cu 10: ob tan hobn tobn hwn h_# U g2m h,n gam Fe !b ,*,\ gam Fe *A, t'ong 3ung 3qch Cl thu a_c 3ung 3qch L cha m gam muWi. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. gg,g. <. g\,n. C. n,,h. ?. 8h,*.
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
1B
Cu 11: Cho h,,h gam hwn h_# U g2m "g, Fe, 9l !bo *h\ml 3ung 3qch L g2m *=A8 \,h" !b Cl )" thu a_c ,,p*l|t kh| DaktcE !b 3ung 3qch 9. Ct c`n 3ung 3qch 9 t'ong aixu kin khtng c7 khtng kh|, thu a_c m gam chkt 'in khan. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. *\,p\\. <. *n,**h. C. *n,,gh. ?. *f,n\\. Dng cho cu 12, 13, 14: Chia )n,p gam hwn h_# "g, Fe, Bn thbnh * #hvn .lng nhau. Phvn ) t[c 3/ng !4a a0 !(i V) l|t 3ung 3qch Cl *" thu a_c C gam muWi !b 8,8f l|t kh| * DaktcE. Phvn * t[c 3/ng !4a a0 !(i V* l|t 3ung 3qch *=A8 \,)" thu a_c y gam muWi. Cu 12: Ki[ t'q c0a C lb 9. **,nh. <. *8,\\. C. *f,\\. ?. ,),)\. Cu 13: Ki[ t'q c0a y lb 9. )g,fn. <. )f,\h. C. *n,h\. ?. *g,nh. Cu 14: Ki[ t'q c0a V) !b V* lvn l_t lb 9. \,* !b \,). <. \,8 !b \,*. C. \,* !b *. ?. \,8 !b *. Dng cho cu 15, 16: wn h_# 9 g2m , kim loì U, L, B c7 t% l mol t{ng ng lb ): *: , !b t% l khWi l_ng nguyen t t{ng ng lb )\: )): *,. Cho *8,hf* gam 9 t[c 3/ng !(i h\\ml 3ung 3qch NaA )" thu a_c 3ung 3qch < !b hwn h_# chkt 'in C. "ut kh[c, khi cho l_ng kim loì U .lng l_ng U c7 t'ong 9 t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch Cl 3 thu a_c *,*8 l|t *DaktcE. Cho t4 t4 V l|t 3ung 3qch Cl )" !bo < a^n khi thu a_c 3ung 3qch t'ong &uWt t'+ lì. Cu 15: 1im loì B lb: 9. "g. <. 9l. C. Bn. ?. Fe. Cu 16: Ki[ t'q tWi thi~u c0a V lb 9. \,f. <. \,p. C. ),). ?. ),*. Dng cho cu 17, 18, 19: ob tan hobn tobn ,* gam hwn h_# U g2m Fe *A, !b CuA !bo ),) l|t 3ung 3qch Cl )" thu a_c 3ung 3qch 9. Cho C gam 9l !bo 3ung 3qch 9 a^n khi #h]n ng hobn tobn thu a_c ),)* l|t kh| DaktcEV 3ung 3qch < !b y gam hwn h_# chkt 'in C. Cho < t[c 3/ng !(i NaA 3 thu a_c p gam k^t t0a. Cu 17: 1hWi l_ng Fe*A, t'ong U lb 9. 8 gam. <. f gam. C. )n gam. ?. *8 gam. Cu 18: Ki[ t'q c0a C lb 9. h,8. <. f,). C. )\,f. ?. ),,h. Cu 19: Ki[ t'q c0a y lb 9. )*,f. <. )n,8. C. )f,8. ?. )f,*. Dng cho cu 20,21: Chia *,*p\ gam hwn h_# "g, 9l, Bn thbnh * #hvn .lng nhau. Phvn ) hob tan hobn tobn t'ong 3ung 3qch Cl !4a a0 thu a_c ),8hn l|t * DaktcE !b tò 'a C gam muWi. Phvn * cho t[c 3/ng !(i A* 3, thu a_c y gam , oCit. Cu 20: Ki[ t'q c0a C lb 9. n,p\h. <. n,fp\. C. h,fp\. ?. h,gn\. Cu 21: Ki[ t'q c0a y lb 9. *,)fh. <. ,,**h. C. 8,*),. ?. h,ng*. Dng cho cu 22, 23, 24: wn h_# S) g2m Fe !b kim loì } c7 h7a t'q khtng a;i. -'5n axu !b chia **,hp gam hwn h_# S ) thbnh , #hvn .lng nhau. ob tan h^t #hvn ) .lng 3ung 3qch Cl thu a_c ,,npn l|t * DaktcE. Phvn * t[c 3/ng hobn tobn !(i 3ung 3qch NA , losng thu a_c ,,,n l|t NA 3uy nhkt DaktcE. Cho #hvn , !bo )\\ ml 3ung 3qch CuDNA ,E*, lic k a~ CuDNA,E* #h]n ng h^t thu a_c chkt 'in S* c7 khWi l_ng p,gn gam. Cu 22: 1im loì } lb 9. "g. <. 9l. C. Bn. ?. Na. Cu 23: Phvn t'dm khWi l_ng c0a Fe t'ong S) lb 9. fp,*8m. <. gg,npm. C. **,,)m. ?. )\,gnm. Cu 24: N2ng a5 c0a 3ung 3qch CuDNA ,E* as 3ng lb 9. \,,. <. \,8h. C. \,nh. ?. \,p. Cu 25: Chia m gam hwn h_# * kim loì U !b L c7 ho[ t'q khtng a;i thbnh * #hvn .lng nhau. Phvn ) hob tan h^t t'ong 3ung 3qch *=A8 losng thu a_c ),gp* k|t kh| * DaktcE. Phvn * nung t'ong oCi a^n khWi l_ng khtng a;i thu a_c *,f8 gam hwn h_# oCit. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. ),hn. <. *,*\. C. ,,)*. ?. 8,8\. Cu 26: ob tan hobn tobn ),gf gam hwn h_# , kim loì t'ong 3ung 3qch *=A8 losng thu a_c \,fpn l|t kh| * DaktcE !b 3ung 3qch cha m gam muWi. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. h,n*. <. ,,g\. C. h,g\. ?. n,h*.
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
2C
Cu 27: 9 lb hwn h_# * kim loì kixm U !b L thu5c * chu kr k^ ti^#. Nû cho 9 t[c 3/ng !4a a0 !(i 3ung 3qch Cl thr thu a_c a gam * muWi, con nû cho 9 t[c 3/ng !4a a0 !(i 3ung 3qch *=A8 thr thu a_c ),)f\ga gam * muWi. U !b L lb 9. Ni !b Na. <. Na !b 1. C. 1 !b }.. ?. }. !b C&. Cu 28: Cho )),\ gam hwn h_# 9l !b Fe t[c 3/ng h^t !(i 3ung 3qch Cl thu a_c f,pn l|t * DaktcE. Phvn t'dm khWi l_ng c0a Fe t'ong hwn h_# lb 9. 8p,\pm. <. h\,p)m. C. 8\,p)m. ?. hp,\pm. Ki" #$Xi C a?it c[ t\&3 $?i 3[a Cu 1 v 2: Cho )f,h gam hwn h_# 9 g2m Fe, Fe ,A8 t[c 3/ng !(i *\\ml 3ung 3qch NA , a DmolHl|tE. =au khi #h]n ng C]y 'a hobn tobn thu a_c *,*8 l|t kh| NA 3uy nhkt DaktcE, 3ung 3qch < !b ),8n gam kim loì. Cu 1: 1hWi l_ng muWi t'ong < lb 9. nh,,8g. <. 8f,n\g. C. h8,p*g. ?. ,f,h\g. Cu 2: Ki[ t'q c0a a lb 9. ,,*. <. ),n. C. *,8. ?. ),*. Cu 3: ob tan *,,8 gam K g2m 9l, Fe, Cu .lng m5t l_ng !4a a0 3ung 3qch *=A8 auc, n7ng, thu a_c )h,)* l|t kh| =A* DaktcE !b 3ung 3qch cha m gam muWi. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. )h,,\. <. ph,f. C. ff,*. ?. gh,f. Cu 4 v 5: Cho )f,* gam hwn h_# 9 g2m 9l, Cu !bo )\\ ml 3ung 3qch < cha NA , *" !b *=A8)*" !b aun n7ng thu a_c 3ung 3qch C !b f,pn l|t hwn h_# kh| ? DaktcE g2m NA !b =A *, t khWi c0a ? &o !(i * lb *,,h. Cu 4: 1hWi l_ng c0a 9l t'ong )f,* gam 9 lb 9. *,gg. <. h,8g. C. f,)g. ?. )\,fg. Cu 5: -;ng khWi l_ng chkt tan t'ong C lb 9. nn,* g. <. )*p,ng. C. pn,fg. ?. ))h,*g. Cu 6: ob tan ,gam hwn h_# 9 g2m kim loì } ho[ t'q ) !b kim loì " ho[ t'q * !4a a0 !bo 3ung 3qch cha NA, !b *=A8 !b aun n7ng, thu a_c *,p8 gam hwn h_# kh| < g2m NA * !b =A*.-h~ t|ch c0a < lb ),,88 l|t DaktcE. 1hWi l_ng muWi khan thu a_c lb 9. n,,ng. <. g,\ng. C. )\,hng. ?. )*,*ng. Cu 7: Cho )),*f gam hwn h_# 9 g2m Cu, 9g t[c 3/ng !4a a0 !(i *\\ml 3ung 3qch < g2m NA , )" !b *=A8 \,*" thu a_c kh| NA 3uy nhkt !b 3ung 3qch C cha m gam chkt tan. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. )p,,8. <. )h,)*. C. *,,)f. ?. *g,h*. Cu 8 v 9: ?ung 3qch 9 cha a mol Cl !b . mol NA ,. Cho 9 t[c 3/ng !(i m5t l_ng !4a a0 m gam 9l thu a_c 3ung 3qch < !b g,f8 l|t hwn h_# kh| C DaktcE g2m NA, N *A !b * c7 t% khWi &o !(i * lb f,h. -'5n C !(i m5t l_ng A* !4a a0 !b aun n7ng cho #h]n ng hobn tobn, '2i 3n kh| thu a _c Mua 3ung 3qch NaA 3 thky con lì \,hn l|t kh| DaktcE tho[t 'a . Cu 8: Ki[ t'q c0a a !b . t{ng ng lb 9. \,) !b *. <. * !b \,). C. ) !b \,*. ?. \,* !b ). Cu 9: Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. *,g. <. h,8. C. )f,\. ?. p,\. Cu 10: ob tan hobn tobn *8,,g 9l !bo 3ung 3qch NA , losng 3 thu a_c V l|t hwn h_# kh| NA !b N*A DaktcE c7 t% khWi h{i &o !(i * lb *\,*h. Ki[ t'q c0a V lb 9. n,g*. <. f,pn. C. )),*\. ?. ),,88. Cu 11: ob tan ,*g kim loì " t'ong 33 NA,3 thu a_c f,pnlit DaktcE hwn h_# kh| g2m NA, NA * c7 t khWi &o !(i * lb )g. 1im loì " lb 9. "g. <. 9l. C. Fe. ?. Cu. Cu 12: Cho p,p gam hwn h_# g2m m5t kim loì " h7a t'q * !b m5t kim loì } h7a t'q , t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch NA, !4a a0 thu a_c 3ung 3qch 9 !b )),* l|t hwn h_# kh| < g2m NA * !b NA c7 t% khWi &o !(i * lb )p,f. 1hWi l_ng muWi t'ong 3ung 3qch 9 lb 9. nh,gg. <. 8\,pg. C. pn,gg. ?. g\,fg. Cu 13 v 14: Chia h,hn gam hwn h_# 9 g2m Fe !b ) kim loì " c7 ho[ t'q khtng a;i thbnh * #hvn .lng nhau. Phvn ) hob tan h^t t'ong 3ung 3qch Cl 3 thu a_c ),hnfl|t kh| *DaktcE. Phvn * hob tan h^t t'ong 3ung 3qch NA, losng a_c ),,88 l|t kh| NA 3uy nhkt DaktcE. Cu 13: 1im loì " lb 9. "g. <. 9l. C. Bn. ?. Ca. Cu 14: Phvn t'dm khWi l_ng c0a Fe t'ong 9 lb
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
21
9. f\,hgnm. <. )p,8*8m. C. 8\,*ffm. ?. hp.g)*m. Cu 15 v 16: Cho a gam hwn h_# Fe !b Cu DFe chi^m ,\m !x khWi l_ngE t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch cha \,np mol NA, t(i khi #h]n ng hobn tobn, thu a_c \,gha gam chkt 'in 9, 3ung 3qch < !b n,\8f l|t hwn h_# kh| U DaktcE g2m NA*!b NA. Cu 15: 1hWi l_ng muWi t'ong 3ung 3qch < lb 9. h\,f*g. <. ,g,f\g. C. 8\,\8g. ?. n*,h\g. Cu 16: Ki[ t'q c0a a lb 9. 8g,\8. <. ,p,*\. C. ,\,*f. ?. 8*,\,. Cu 17: ob tan hwn h_# g2m "g, 9l, Bn t'ong V l|t 3ung 3qch NA , *" !4a a0 thu a_c ),nflit hwn h_# kh| U DaktcE g2m N*A !b N*. - khWi c0a U &o !(i * lb )g,*. Ki[ t'q c0a V lb 9. \,8*. <. \,f8. C. \,8f. ?. \,*8. Cu 18 v 19: wn h_# U g2m "g !b "gA a_c chia thbnh * #hvn .lng nhau. Cho #hvn ) t[c 3/ng h^t !(i 3ung 3qch Cl thu a_c ,,),n l|t kh| DaktcEV ct c`n 3ung 3qch !b lbm kht thr thu a_c )8,*hg chkt 'in khan 9. Cho #hvn * t[c 3/ng h^t !(i 3ung 3qch NA , thr thu a_c \,88f l|t kh| L DaktcE, ct c`n 3ung 3qch !b lbm kht thr thu a_c *, gam chkt 'in khan <. Cu 18: Phvn t'dm khWi l_ng c0a "g t'ong hwn h_# U lb 9. )\,n8m. <. fp,,nm. C. 88,nfm. ?. hh,,*m. Cu 19: Ctng thc #hZn t c0a L lb 9. NA*. <. NA. C. N*A. ?. N*. Cu 20: ob tan hobn tobn ),,nf gam hwn h_# U g2m 9l, Cu, Fe .lng 3ung 3qch NA , losng, 3 thu a_c ),hnf l|t kh| N*A DaktcE !b 3ung 3qch cha m gam muWi. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. 8f,8\. <. ,),\8. C. hg,\f. ?. n*,g\. Cu 21: Chia )8,f gam hwn h_# g2m "g, Ni, Bn thbnh * #hvn .lng nhau. Phvn ) hob tan hobn tobn t'ong 3ung 3qch *=A8 auc n7ng 3 thu a_c ,,,n l|t kh| =A*DaktcE. Phvn * nung t'ong oCi 3 a^n khWi l_ng khtng a;i thu a_c m gam chkt 'in. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. )g,*. <. )n,\. C. p,f. ?. f,n. Cu 22: Cho ,,gn gam hwn h_# U g2m "g, Fe, Cu t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch NA , 3 thu a_c ),,88 l|t kh| NA DaktcE !b 3ung 3qch L. Cho L t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch NaA 3 thu a_c m gam k^t t0a. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. g,f8. <. 8,gf. C. h,f\. ?. n,f*. Cu 23: ob tan hobn tobn m gam hwn U g2m 9l, Fe, Cu !bo 3ung 3qch NA , auc n7ng 3, thu a_c 3ung 3qch L cha ,p,pp gam muWi !b g,)nf l|t kh| NA * DaktcE. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. *\,)h. <. ,\,\g. C. ,*,*f. ?. )p,f8. Cu 24: ob tan hobn tobn )p,,, gam hwn h_# U g2m Fe, Cu !b P. t'ong 3ung 3qch NA , 3 thu a_c h,,gn l|t kh| NA DaktcE !b 3ung 3qch L. Ct c`n L '2i nung chkt 'in a^n khWi l _ng khtng a;i thu a_c m gam chkt 'in. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. n,,pg. <. *h,\p. C. ,\,fh. ?. 8\,\*. Cu 25: ob tan hobn tobn )8,\ gam Fe t'ong 8\\ml 3ung 3qch NA , *" thu a_c 3ung 3qch U cha m gam muWi !b kh| NA Dlb &]n #hm kh 3uy nhktE. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. 8f,8. <. n\,h. C. h),*. ?. h8,\. Cu 26: Chia hwn h_# U g2m Na, "g !b 9l thbnh * #hvn .lng nhau. Phvn ) hob tan hobn tobn t'ong 3ung 3qch NA, thu a_c *,*8 l|t kh| N* DaktcE. Phvn * cho t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch *=A8 losng thu a_c V l|t kh| * DaktcE. Ki[ t'q c0a V lb 9. 8,8f. <. h,n. C. ),,88. ?. )),*. Cu 27: ob tan hobn tobn p,n gam m5t kim loì " t'ong 3ung 3qch *=A8 auc n7ng 3 thu a_c ,,,n l|t kh| =A* DaktcE. 1im loì " lb 9. "g. <. 9l. C. Fe. ?. Cu. Cu 28 (B-07): Cho ,,f8 gam Cu #h]n ng !(i f\ml 3ung 3qch NA , )" tho[t 'a V) l|t kh| NA. Cho ,,f8 gam Cu #h]n ng !(i f\ml 3ung 3qch NA , )" !b *=A8 \,h" tho[t 'a V* l|t kh| NA. <i^t NA lb &]n #hm kh 3uy nhkt !b c[c th~ t|ch kh| ao + cng aixu kin. Tuan h gia V) !b V* lb 9. V* Y V). <. V* Y *,hV). C. V* Y *V). ?. V* Y ),hV).
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
22
Ki" #$Xi C <+&' <Zc3 "+]i (Tng gim khi lng) Cu 1: 1hi cho Na t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch 9l *D=A8E, thr &W l_ng #h]n ng tWi aa C]y 'a lb 9. ). <. *. C. ,. ?. 8. Cu 2: 1hi cho &it t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch 9gNA , 3 thr thu a_c muWi &it lb 9. FeDNA,E,. <. FeDNA,E*. C. FeDNA,E, !b FeDNA,E*. ?. FeDNA,E, !b 9gNA,. Cu 3: 1hi nhPng m5t thanh a2ng !bo 3ung 3qch Fe *D=A8E, thr thky 9. khtng c7 hin t_ng gr. <. thanh a2ng tan 'a !b c7 &it tò thbnh. C. thanh a2ng tan 'a !b 3ung 3qch c7 mbu Canh. ?. thanh a2ng tan 'a, 3ung 3qch c7 mbu Canh !b c7 &it tò thbnh. Cu 4: Cho hai thanh kim loì " ho[ t'q * !(i khWi l_ng .lng nhau. NhPng thanh ) !bo 3ung 3qch Cu=A8 !b thanh * !bo 3ung 3qch P.DNA ,E* m5t thQi gian thky khWi l_ng thanh ) gi]m !b khWi l_ng thanh * tdng. 1im loì " lb 9. "g. <. Ni. C. Fe. ?. Bn. Cu 5: Cho hwn h_# g2m Fe !b P. t[c 3/ng h^t !(i 3ung 3qch CuDNA ,E* thr thky t'ong Mu[ t'rnh #h]n ng, khWi l_ng chkt 'in 9. tdng 3vn. <. gi]m 3vn. C. m(i avu tdng, &au a7 gi]m. ?. m(i avu gi]m, &au a7 tdng. Cu 6: ob tan hobn tobn m5t l_ng Bn t'ong 3ung 3qch 9gNA, losng 3 thky khWi l_ng chkt 'in tdng ,,\* gam &o !(i khWi l_ng kcm .an avu. C>ng lky l_ng Bn nh t'en cho t[c 3/ng h^t !(i oCi thr thu a_c m gam chkt 'in. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb. 9. ),),*h. <. ),n*\\. C. \,f)\\. ?. \,g)fh. Cu 7: Cho hwn h_# U g2m \,) mol Fe !b \,) mol 9l t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch cha \,* mol CuCl * a^n khi #h]n ng hobn tobn thky khWi l_ng chkt 'in tdng m gam. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. g,,. <. 8,h. C. )*,f. ?. g,g. Cu 8: NhPng m5t thanh &it !bo 3ung 3qch CuDNA ,E* m5t thQi gian thky khWi l_ng thanh &it tdng \,f gam. 1hWi l_ng &it as tham gia #h]n ng lb 9. )),* gam. <. h,n gam. C. \,g gam. ?. n,8 gam. Cu 9: NhPng ) thanh Fe !bo 3ung 3qch ? cha Cu=A 8 !b Cl m5t thQi gian thu a_c 8,8f l|t kh| * DaktcE thr nhkc thanh Fe 'a, thky khWi l_ng thanh Fe gi]m ai n,8 gam &o !(i .an avu. 1hWi l_ng Fe as tham gia #h]n ng lb 9. )),* gam. <. )n,f gam. C. 88,f gam. ?. h\,8 gam. Cu 10: Cho )),n gam hwn h_# U g2m "g, 9l !b Bn t[c 3/ng hobn tobn !(i 3ung 3qch 9gNA , thky khWi l_ng chkt 'dn tdng n8 gam. Nû cho )),n gam U t[c 3/ng h^t !(i oCi thr thu a _c m gam chkt 'in. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. )g,*\. <. )8,8\. C. **,f\. ?. )n,,8. Cu 11: Cho )\,g gam hwn h_# U g2m "g, 9l !b Fe t[c 3/ng hobn tobn !(i 3ung 3qch Cl thu a _c g,f8 l|t kh| * DaktcE. Nû cho )\,g gam U t[c 3/ng h^t !(i 3ung 3qch Cu=A 8 thr thky khWi l_ng chkt 'dn tdng m gam. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. **,8. <. ,8,). C. )),*. ?. )),g. Cu 12: Chia )8,f gam hwn h_# g2m "g, Ni, Bn thbnh * #hvn .lng nhau. Phvn ) hob tan hobn tobn t'ong 3ung 3qch *=A8 auc n7ng 3 thu a_c *),f gam muWi. Phvn * cho t[c 3/ng h^t !(i 3ung 3qch 9gNA, thky khWi l_ng chkt 'in tdng m gam. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. *h,\. <. )g,n. C. f,f. ?. ),8. Cu 13: ob tan hobn tobn )h,f gam hwn h_# U g2m "g, Fe, 9l t'ong 3ung 3qch *=A8 losng 3 thu a_c ),,88 l|t kh| * DaktcE. Nû cho )h,f gam U t[c 3/ng h^t !(i 3ung 3qch CuCl * thr thky khWi l_ng chkt 'in tdng m gam. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. ,f,8. <. **,n. C. ,,8. ?. n),\. Cu 14: NhPng m5t thanh kcm c7 khWi l_ng *\ gam !bo 3ung 3qch CuDNA ,E* m5t thQi gian thky khWi l_ng thanh kcm gi]m )m &o !(i khWi l_ng .an avu. 1hWi l_ng kcm as tham gia #h]n ng lb 9. ),,\ gam. <. n,h gam. C. \,* gam. ?. \,) gam. Cu 15: ob tan hobn tobn *,,8 gam K g2m 9l, Ni, Cu .lng 3ung 3qch *=A8 auc, n7ng, thu a_c )h,)* l|t kh| =A* DaktcE. Nû cho *,,8 gam K t[c 3/ng hobn tobn !(i 3ung 3qch 9gNA , thr thky khWi l_ng chkt 'in thu a_c tdng m m &o !(i khWi l_ng c0a K. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. n*,,\f. <. ,)),h8. C. h*,,\f. ?. 8)),h8.
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
2"
Cu 16: NhPng m5t thanh &it !bo 3ung 3qch Cu=A 8 a^n khi 3ung 3qch h^t mbu Canh thky khWi l_ng thanh &it tdng \,8 gam. Nû lky 3ung 3qch thu a_c cho t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch NaA 3 thr thky c7 m gam k^t t0a tò thbnh. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. h,,h. <. p,\\. C. )\,g\. ?. 8,h\. Cu 17: NhPng m5t thanh kim loì " Dho[ t'q *E c7 khWi l_ng *\ gam !bo 3ung 3qch 9gNA , m5t thQi gian thky khWi l_ng thanh " tdng )h,)m &o !(i khWi l_ng .an avu. Nû lky l_ng " .lng l_ng " tham gia #h]n ng t'en t[c 3/ng h^t !(i 3ung 3qch Cl thr thu a_c \,88f l|t kh| * DaktcE. 1im loì " lb 9. "g. <. Ni. C. P.. ?. Bn. Cu 18: Cho m gam hwn h_# g2m 9l !b P. !bo 3ung 3qch CuDNA ,E* m5t thQi gian thky khWi l_ng chkt 'in gi]m C gam. -'ong th| nghim nby, chkt chic chin #h]n ng h^t lb 9. 9l. <. P.. C. CuDNA,E*. ?. 9l !b P.. Dng cho cu 19, 20, 21 : Chia ,,gf gam hwn h_# 9 g2m "g !b 9l. thbnh , #hvn .lng nhau. Phvn ) hob tan .lng *=A8 losng 3, thu a_c ),,88 l|t kh| *DaktcE !b m gam muWi. Phvn * t[c 3/ng h^t !(i 3ung 3qch NA , thu a_c V l|t kh| NA 3uy nhkt DaktcE. Phvn , cho !bo 3ung 3qch Cu=A 8 losng 3 a^n khi #h]n ng hobn tobn thky khWi l_ng chkt 'in tdng C gam. Cu 19: Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. g,\*. <. p,h8. C. 8,)8. ?. n,nn. Cu 20: Ki[ t'q c0a V lb 9. \,fpn. <. \,88f. C. \,ng*. ?. \,**8. Cu 21: Ki[ t'q c0a C lb 9. *,hf. <. \,\n. C. g,g8. ?. \,)f. Cu 22 (B-07): Cho m gam hwn h_# .5t Bn !b Fe !bo l_ng 3 3ung 3qch Cu=A8. =au khi k^t thPc c[c #h]n ng, lc . #hvn 3ung 3qch thu a_c m gam .5t 'in. -hbnh #hvn #hvn t'dm theo khWi l_ng c0a Bn t'ong hwn h_# .5t .an avu lb 9. )*,ngm. <. fh,,\m. C. p\,*gm. ?. f*,*\m. Cu 23: Cho hwn h_# g2m 9l !b P. t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch CuDNA ,E* m5t thQi gian thky khWi l_ng kim loì .q gi]m ai &o !(i khWi l_ng kim loì .an avu. Chkt chic chin #h]n ng h^t lb 9. CuDNA,E*. <. 9l !b CuDNA,E*. C. 9l !b P.. ?. 9l. Cu 24: Cho *\\ml 3ung 3qch 9gNA , *" !bo 3ung 3qch 9 cha ,8,)g hwn h_# Na<' !b 1<' thr thu a_c hn,8 gam k^t t0a < !b 3ung 3qch C. NhPng m5t thanh Cu !bo 3ung 3qch C. =au khi k^t thPc #h]n ng thky khWi l_ng thanh Cu tdng them m gam D.i^t 'lng tobn .5 l_ng 9g gi]i #h7ng 'a axu .[m !bo thanh CuE. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. n\,f. <. )h,*. C. 8,8. ?. )g,n. Cu 25: NgZm m5t thanh Cu c7 khWi l_ng *\ gam t'ong )\\ gam 3ung 3qch 9gNA , 8m, &au m5t thQi gian thky khWi l_ng 9gNA, t'ong 3ung 3qch gi]m )gm. 1hWi l_ng thanh Cu &au #h]n ng lb 9. )\,gn gam. <. *),h* gam. C. )),hn gam. ?. *\,nf gam. Cu 26: Cho *8,* gam hwn h_# g2m Bn !b Fe D!(i t l mol ):)E t[c 3/ng !(i Cu=A 8 m5t thQi gian thky khWi l_ng chkt 'in tdng \,n gam &o !(i khWi l_ng .an avu. 1hWi l_ng c0a Fe as tham gia #h]n ng lb 9. )),* gam. <. h,n gam. C. f,8 gam. ?. 8,* gam.
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
2$
Ki" #$Xi C "+]i (Bi n lu!n lng ") Cu 1: Cho hwn h_# 9 g2m 9l, "g, Fe t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch CuDNA ,E* a^n khi #h]n ng hobn tobn thu a_c 3ung 3qch U cha * muWi. C[c muWi t'ong U lb 9. CuDNA,E* !b FeDNA,E*. <. "gDNA,E* !b FeDNA,E*. C. 9lDNA,E, !b CuDNA,E*. ?. 9lDNA,E, !b "gDNA,E*. Cu 2: Cho hwn h_# 9 g2m 9l, "g, Bn t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch < g2m CuDNA ,E* !b 9gNA, a^n khi #h]n ng k^t thPc thu a_c chkt 'in L g2m , kim loì. C[c kim loì t'ong L lb. 9. 9l, Cu !b 9g. <. Cu, 9g !b Bn. C. "g, Cu !b Bn. ?. 9l, 9g !b Bn. Cu 3: Cho hwn h_# 9 g2m 9l !b Cu t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch 9gNA , a^n khi #h]n ng k^t thPc thu a_c 3ung 3qch U cha * muWi. Chkt chic chin #h]n ng h^t lb 9. 9l !b Cu. <. 9gNA, !b 9l. C. Cu !b 9gNA,. ?. 9l. Cu 4: Cho hwn h_# 9 g2m "g !b Fe t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch < cha CuDNA ,E* !b 9gNA, a^n khi #h]n ng Cong thu a_c chkt 'in L g2m , kim loì. Chkt chic chin #h]n ng h^t lb 9. Fe, CuDNA,E* !b 9gNA,. <. "g, Fe !b CuDNA,E*. C. "g, CuDNA,E* !b 9gNA,. ?. "g, Fe !b 9gNA,. Cu 5: Cho 9l !b Cu !bo 3ung 3qch cha CuDNA ,E* !b 9gNA, a^n khi #h]n ng Cong thu a_c 3ung 3qch U g2m * muWi !b chkt 'in L g2m c[c kim loì lb 9. 9l !b 9g. <. Cu !b 9l. C. Cu !b 9g. ?. 9l, Cu !b 9g. Cu 6: Cho 9l t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch < cha 9gNA , !b CuDNA,E* m5t thQi gian thu a_c 3ung 3qch U !b chkt 'in L g2m , kim loì. Chkt chic chin #h]n ng h^t lb 9. 9l. <. CuDNA,E*. C. 9gNA,. ?. 9l !b 9gNA,. Dng cho cu 7, 8: Cho ),hf gam hwn h_# 9 g2m "g !b Fe t[c 3/ng !(i )*hml 3ung 3qch CuCl * a^n khi k^t thPc #h]n ng thu a_c 3ung 3qch U !b ),p*g chkt 'in L. Cho U t[c 3/ng !(i NaA 3 thu a_c k^t t0a B. Nung B t'ong khtng kh| a^n khWi l_ng khtng a;i thu a_c \,gg chkt 'in g2m * oCit kim loì. Cu 7: Phvn t'dm khWi l_ng "g t'ong 9 lb 9. ff,n)m. <.)),,pm. C. *8,hnm. ?. gh,88m Cu 8: N2ng a5 mol c0a 3ung 3qch CuCl * .an avu lb 9. \,)". <. \,h". C. ),*h". ?. \,gh". Dng cho cu 9, 10, 11, 12: Cho *,,\ gam hwn h_# 9 g2m 9l, Cu, Fe t[c 3/ng !(i 8\\ ml 3ung 3qch Cu=A8 )" a^n khi #h]n ng hobn tobn thu a_c 3ung 3qch U !b m gam hwn h_# L g2m * kim loì. Cho NaA t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch U thr thu a_c l_ng k^t t0a l(n nhkt lb *8,n gam. Cu 9: C[c chkt #h]n ng h^t t'ong th| nghim ) lb 9. 9l. <. Cu=A8. C. 9l !b Cu=A8. ?. 9l !b Fe. Cu 10: Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. ,g,n. <. *g,g. C. )p,f. ?. 8*,). Cu 11: Nû coi th~ t|ch 3ung 3qch khtng a;i thr t;ng n2ng a5 muWi t'ong U lb 9. \,)". <. \,*h". C. \,,". ?. \,h". Cu 12: =W mol NaA as 3ng lb 9. \,f. <. \,8. C. \,n. ?. \,,. Dng cho cu 13, 14, 15: Cho ),hggam hwn h_# 9 g2m Bn !b 9l !bo )\\ ml 3ung 3qch < g2m CuDNA,E* \,," !b 9gNA, \,)" a^n khi #h]n ng C]y 'a hobn tobn thu a_c m gam chkt 'in L !b 3ung 3qch U ch cha * muWi. NgZm L t'ong *=A8 losng khtng thky c7 kh| tho[t 'a. Cu 13: =W l_ng chkt #h]n ng h^t khi 9 @ < lb 9. ). <. *. C. ,. ?. 8. Cu 14: Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. ),\\. <. *,\\. C. ,,\\. ?. 8,\\. Cu 15: Nû coi th~ t|ch 3ung 3qch khtng a;i thr t;ng n2ng a5 c[c ion t'ong U lb 9. \,,". <. \,f". C. ),\". ?. ),)". Dng cho cu 16, 17, 18: Cho hwn h_# 9 g2m *,f gam Fe !b \,f) gam 9l !bo h\\ ml 3ung 3qch < cha 9gNA, !b CuDNA,E* a^n khi #h]n ng k^t thPc thu a_c 3ung 3qch U !b f,)* g chkt 'in L g2m , kim loì. Cho L t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch Cl 3 thu \,ng* l|t kh| *DaktcE !b 3ung 3qch cha m gam muWi. Cu 16: C[c chkt #h]n ng h^t khi 9 @ < lb 9. Fe, 9l !b 9gNA,. <. 9l, CuDNA,E* !b 9gNA,. C. 9l, Fe !b CuDNA,E*. ?. Fe, CuDNA,E* !b 9gNA,.
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
2D
Cu 17: N2ng a5 mol c0a CuDNA,E* !b 9gNA, t'ong 3ung 3qch < t{ng ng lb 9. \,) !b \,\n. <. \,* !b \,,. C. \,* !b \,\*. ?. \,) !b \,\,. Cu 18: Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. )\,*h. <. ,,*f. C. ,,f). ?. *,f,. Cu 19: Cho 8,)h gam hwn h_# 9 g2m 9l !b Fe t[c 3/ng !(i *\\ml 3ung 3qch Cu=A 8 \,h*h" a^n khi #h]n ng C]y 'a hobn tobn thu a_c g,f8gam chkt 'in L g2m * kim loì. Phvn t'dm khWi l_ng c0a 9l t'ong 9 lb 9. ,*,h,m. <. ng,8gm. C. hp,h*m. ?. 8\,8fm. Dng cho cu 20, 21: Cho ,,hf gam hwn h_# 9 g2m 9l, Fe, Cu !bo *\\ml 3ung 3qch CuDNA ,E* \,h" a^n khi #h]n ng k^t thPc thu a_c 3ung 3qch U !b h,)* gam chkt 'in L. Cho U t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch N , 3 thu a_c ,,,n gam k^t t0a. Cu 20: C[c chkt #h]n ng h^t t'ong th| nghim c0a 9 !(i 3ung 3qch CuDNA ,E* lb 9. CuDNA,E* !b 9l. <. 9l !b Fe. ?. CuDNA,E* !b Fe. ?. CuDNA,E*, 9l !b Fe. Cu 21: Phvn t'dm khWi l_ng c0a 9l t'ong 9 lb 9. )h,\fm. <. ,),*fm. C. h,,n8m. ?. **,n,m. Dng cho cu 22, 23, 24: Cho g,* gam "g !bo h\\ml 3ung 3qch < cha 9gNA , !b CuDNA,E* a^n khi #h]n ng k^t thPc thu a_c 3ung 3qch U !b ,\,8 gam chkt 'in L. Cho U t[c 3ung !(i 3ung 3qch N , 3 thu a_c )),n gam k^t t0a. Cu 22: Chkt 'in L cha 9. Cu !b 9g. <. 9g !b "g. C. "g !b Cu. ?. Cu, 9g !b "g. Cu 23: N2ng a5 mol c0a 9gNA, !b CuDNA,E* t'ong < lvn l_t lb 9. \,8 !b \,*. <. \,* !b \,8. C. \,n !b \,,. ?. \,, !b \,n. Cu 24: Nû coi th~ t|ch 3ung 3qch khtng a;i thr t;ng n2ng a5 mol c0a muWi t'ong U lb 9. \,*. <. \,,. C. \,8. ?. \,h. Dng cho cu 25, 26: Cho )h,*f gam hwn h_# 9 g2m Cu !b Fe !bo ) l|t 3ung 3qch Fe *D=A8E, \,**". Ph]n ng k^t thPc thu a_c 3ung 3qch U !b ),p*g chkt 'in L. Cho L !bo 3ung 3qch *=A8 losng khtng thky c7 kh| tho[t 'a. Cu 25: Phvn t'dm khWi l_ng c0a Cu t'ong hwn h_# 9 lb 9. ng,\)nm. <. ,*,pf8m. C. ,g,npnm. ?. n*,,\8m. Cu 26: Nû coi th~ t|ch 3ung 3qch khtng a;i thr t;ng n2ng a5 mol c0a muWi t'ong U lb 9. \,**". <. \,88". C. \,ff". ?. \,nn". Dng cho cu 27, 28, 29 : Cho ),,h gam .5t 9l !bo )\\ ml 3ung 3qch < cha 9gNA , \,," !b P.DNA,E* \,," a^n khi #h]n ng Cong a_c 3ung 3qch U !b m gam chkt 'in L. Cho L !bo 3ung 3qch CuDNA,E* a^n khi #h]n ng Cong a_c f,h) gam chkt 'in B. Cu 27: C[c chkt #h]n ng h^t khi cho 9l t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch < lb 9. 9gNA, !b P.DNA,E*. <. 9l !b 9gNA,. C. P.DNA,E* !b 9l. ?. 9l, P.DNA,E* !b 9gNA,. Cu 28: Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. p,pp. <. p,8h. C. n,nn. ?. n,8h. Cu 29: -;ng khWi l_ng kim loì t'ong L as tham gia #h]n ng !(i CuDNA ,E* lb 9. ),8fg. <. n,ghg. C. h,*fg. ?. 8,nfg.
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
23

î& =3N&) _& "`& !i" #$Xi
Cu 1 (A-07): in #hZn 3ung 3qch CuCl * !(i ain cc t'{, &au m5t thQi gian thu a_c \,,* gam Cu + cattt !b m5t l_ng kh| U + antt. k# th/ hobn tobn l_ng kh| U t'en !bo 3ung 3qch NaA D+ nhit a5 thQngE. =au #h]n ng, n2ng a5 c0a NaA con lì lb \,\h". Ki[ thiet &th~ t|ch 3ung 3qch khtng thay a;i. N2ng a5 .an avu c0a 3ung 3qch NaA lb 9. \,)h". <. \,\h". C. \,*". ?. \,)". Cu 2 (B-07): ain #hZn 3ung 3qch cha a mol Cu=A8 !b . mol NaCl D!(i aiOn cc t'{, c7 mbng ngdn CW#E. ~ 3ung 3qch &au ain #hZn lbm #henol#htalein chuy~n &ang mbu h2ng thr aixu kin c0a a !b . lb 9. *. Y a. <. . I *a. C. . Y *a. ?. . J *a. Cu 3 (B-07): C7 8 3ung 3qch 'ieng .it: 9 D ClE, < DCuCl *E, C DFeCl,E, ? D Cl c7 ln CuCl*E. NhPng !bo mwi 3ung 3qch m5t thanh &it nguyen chkt. =W t'Qng h_# dn mon ain ho[ lb 9. ). <. *. C. ,. ?. \.
Cu 4O QiMn phRn mui clorua kim loi ki6m nng ch8y th, thu 5IJc C:B3 lVt khV .5ktc1 p anot N ":12 gam kim loi p catot# %&ng th'c mui clorua 5 l !# ;%l# <# -a%l# %# Gi%l# K# )7%l# Cu 5O ;hi 5iMn phRn @ung @Tch ;%l c mng ngUn th, p catot thu 5IJc !# %l2# <# 42# %# ;*4 N 42# K# %l2 N 42# Cu 6O ;hi ho tan !l 7rng @ung @Tch 42S*$ lohng: nbu thm Ni giot 4gS*$ No th, tu tr,nh ho tan !l 2~ !# (8y ra ch[m hZn# <# (8y ra nhanh hZn# %# kh&ng thay 5li# K# kh&ng (c 5Tnh 5IJc# Cu 7O ;hi cho hgn hJp gsm /n N =e ngRm trong nIc 7idn th, !# /n 7T Un m{n ho hoc# <# /n 7T Un m{n 5iMn ho# %# /n N =e 7T Un m{n 5iMn ho# K# /n N =e 7T Un m{n ho hoc# Cu 8O QiMn phRn 2 lVt @ung @Tch %uS* $ .Ni 5iMn cac trZ1 5bn khi khV thot ra p c8 2 5iMn cac 56u l C:C2 mol th, @Xng li# %oi thd tVch @ung @Tch kh&ng 5li# mi trT p4 ca @ung @Tch 2au 5iMn phRn l !# 2:C# <# 1:A# %# 1:$# K# 1:2# Cu 9O %ho @{ng 5iMn mt chi6u c cIcng 5 2! tua @ung @Tch -iS* $ mt thci gian: th+y khi lIJng catot tUng 2:$ gam: hiMu 2u+t 5iMn phRn l C# Hhci gian 5iMn phRn l !# 1gic 22 phft# <# 22$ phft# %# 2 gic# K# 1 gic $D phft# Cu 10O QiMn phRn 1CCml @ung @Tch !g-*" 1E Ni 5iMn cac trZ: hiMu 2u+t 5iMn phRn 1CC Ni cIcng 5 @{ng 5iMn l B:3D! 5bn khi p catot 7_t 59u tot khV th, thci gian 5iMn phRn l !# 1CCCgiRy# <# 1DCCgiRy# %# 2CCCgiRy# K# 2DCCgiRy# Cu 11: 1hi ain #hZn D!(i cc ain t'{, mbng ngdn CW#E 3ung 3qch cha a mol Cu=A 8 !b ),ha mol NaCl a^n khi n(c .it avu .q ain #hZn t'en c] * ain cc thr # c0a 3ung 3qch 9. m(i avu khtng a;i, &au a7 tdng. <. m(i avu khtng a;i, &au a7 gi]m. C. m(i avu tdng, &au a7 khtng a;i. ?. m(i avu gi]m, &au a7 khtng a;i. Cu 12: Ph{ng #h[# ain #hZn n7ng ch]y 3ng a~ aixu ch^ c[c kim loì 9. ang &au hia'o t'ong 3sy ain ho[. <. kixm, ki~m th; !b nhtm. C. ang t'(c hia'o t'ong 3sy ain ho[. ?. kixm !b nhtm. Cu 13: in #hZn 3ung 3qch 9gNA , D!(i ain cc t'{E. Nû 3ung 3qch &au khi ain #hZn c7 # Y ), hiu &ukt ain #hZn lb f\ m, th~ t|ch c0a 3ung 3qch a_c coi nh khtng a;i D)\\mlE thr n2ng a5 9gNA, t'ong 3ung 3qch .an avu lb 9. \,\f. <. \,). C. \,,*h. ?. \,)*h. Cu 14: -i^n hbnh ain #hZn *\\ml 3ung 3qch g2m Cl \,n" !b Cu=A 8 )" !(i cQng a5 3ong ain ),,8 9 t'ong thQi gian 8 giQ. <i^t hiu &ukt ain #hZn lb )\\m. -h~ t|ch kh| DaktcE tho[t 'a t'en anot lb 9. ),,88 l|t. <. ),hnf l|t. C. ),gp* l|t. ?. *,\)n l|t. Dng cho cu 15, 16: in #hZn *\\ml 3ung 3qch U g2m NiCl* \,)"V Cu=A8 \,\h" !b 1Cl \,," !(i cQng a5 3ong ain ,9 t'ong thQi gian )p,\ giZy !(i ain cc t'{, c7 mbng ngdn !b hiu &ukt ain #hZn lb )\\m. -h~ t|ch 3ung 3qch coi nh khtng a;i. Cu 15: -;ng n2ng a5 molHl|t c0a c[c chkt t'ong 3ung 3qch thu a_c &au ain #hZn lb
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
2A
9. \,*". <. \,*h". C. \,,". ?. \,,h". Cu 16: 1hWi l_ng kim loì tho[t 'a t'en cattt lb 9. \,n8 gam. <. ),*, gam. C. ),f* gam. ?. ),h\ gam. Cu 17: in #hZn *\\ml 3ung 3qch L g2m 1Cl \,)" !b CuDNA ,E* \,*" !(i cQng a5 3ong ain h9 t'ong thQi gian ))hf giZy, ain cc t'{, mbng ngdn CW#. Ki] & n(c .ay h{i khtng a[ng k~. 5 gi]m khWi l_ng c0a 3ung 3qch &au khi ain #hZn lb 9. ,,hp gam. <. *,,) gam. C. ),ng gam. ?. *,ph gam. Dng cho cu 18, 19: in #hZn *\\ml 3ung 3qch cha CuDNA ,E* \,*" !b 9gNA, \,)" !(i antt .lng Cu, cQng a5 3ong ain h9, &au m5t thQi gian thky khWi l_ng antt gi]m ),*f gam. Cu 18: 1hWi l_ng kim loì tho[t 'a t'en cattt lb 9. *,f gam. <. 8,g* gam. C. *,)n gam. ?. ,,88 gam. Cu 19: -hQi gian ain #hZn lb 9. ,fn giZy. <. ))hf giZy. C. gg* giZy. ?. pnh giZy. Cu 20: in #hZn 3ung 3qch < g2m \,\8 mol Cu=A 8 !b \,\8 mol 9g*=A8 t'ong thQi gian ,f #hPt ,n giZy !(i ain cc t'{, cQng a5 3ong ain h9. 1hWi l_ng kim loì tho[t 'a + cattt lb 9. p,p* gam. <. f,n8 gam. C. )),*\ gam. ?. )\,hn gam Cu 21: ob tan a mol Fe,A8 .lng 3ung 3qch *=A8 !4a a0, thu a_c 3ung 3qch U. in #hZn U !(i * ain cc t'{ .lng 3ong ain cQng a5 p,nh9. =au)\\\ giZy thr k^t thPc ain #hZn !b khi a7 t'en catot .it avu tho[t 'a .t kh|. Ki[ t'q c0a a lb 9. \,\)*h. <. \,\h\. C. \,\*h. ?. \,\gh. Cu 22: -i^n hbnh ain #hZn Dain cc t'{, mbng ngdn CW#E ) 3ung 3qch cha m gam hwn h_# Cu=A8 !b NaCl cho t(i khi n(c .it avu .q ain #hZn + c] * ain cc thr 34ng lì, thu a_c \,88f l|t kh| DaktcE. ?ung 3qch &au ain #hZn c7 mti t'Qng aCit !b c7 th~ hob tan tWi aa \,nf gam 9l*A,. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. 8,phh gam. <. h,,fh. C. 8,,g\. ?. h,pg\ gam. Cu 23: NhPng thanh kcm t'ong 3ung 3qch Cl )" Dth| nghim )E, nhPng thanh kcm t'ong 3ung 3qch Cl )" c7 nh !bi git Cu=A 8Dth| nghim *E, nhPng h_# kim kcm !b &it t'ong 3ung 3qch Cl )" Dth| nghim ,E. -h| nghim c7 tWc a5 tho[t kh| hia'o nhanh nhkt lb 9. th| nghim ). <. th| nghim *. C. th| nghim ,. ?. khtng C[c aqnh a_c. Cu 24: Tu[ t'rnh dn mon ! m`n tbu thu% Dch^ tò t4 th# cac.onE + khu !c m`n tbu ti^# CPc !(i n(c .i~n !b khtng kh| lb Mu[ t'rnh 9. dn mon kim loì. <. dn mon ho[ hc. C. dn mon ain ho[. ?. dn mon ho[ hc !b ain ho[. Cu 25O in #hZn 3ung 3qch hwn h_# g2m Cl, NaCl, CuCl *, FeCl,. -h t c[c Mu[ t'rnh nhjn elect'on t'en cattt lb 9. Cu*@ Fe,@ @ Na@ *A. <. Fe,@ Cu*@ @ Fe*@ *A. ,@ *@ @ @ C. Fe Cu Na *A. ?. Cu*@ Fe,@ Fe*@ @ *A. Cu 26: 1hi ain #hZn 3ung 3qch Cu=A8 ngQi ta thky khWi l_ng cattt tdng aPng .lng khWi l_ng antt gi]m. ixu a7 chng t ngQi ta 3ng 9. cattt Cu. <. cattt t'{. C. antt Cu. ?. antt t'{. Cu 27: in #hZn 3ung 3qch U cha \,8 mol "DNA ,E* !b NaNA, D!(i ain cc t'{E t'ong thQi gian 8f #hPt )h giZy, thu a_c )),h* gam kimloì " tì cattt !b *,\)n l|t kh| DaktcE tì antt. 1im loì " lb 9. Fe. <. Bn. C. Ni. ?. Cu. K30 $?it !i" #$Xi ab&' COc H> Dng cho cu 1, 2: ?n t4 t4 V l|t hwn h_# kh| U DaktcE g2m CA !b * Mua Wng & cha )n,f gam hwn h_# CuA, Fe,A8 !b 9l*A, nung n7ng a^n khi U #h]n ng h^t, thu a_c hwn h_# kh| !b h{i nung h{n khWi l_ng c0a U lb \,,* gam. Cu 1: Ki[ t'q c0a V lb 9. \,))*. <. \,**8. C. \,88f. ?. \,fpn. Cu 2: =W gam chkt 'in con lì t'ong Wng & lb 9.)*,)*. <. )n,8f. C. )g,)*. ?. *\,8f. Cu 3: ?n m5t lu2ng kh| CA 3 Mua Wng & ang Fe ,A8 !b CuA nung n7ng a^n khi #h]n ng hobn tobn thu a_c *,,* gam hwn h_# kim loì. 1h| tho[t 'a khi .rnh a_c 3n Mua 3ung 3qch n(c !ti t'ong 3 thu a_c h gam k^t t0a. -;ng &W gam * oCit .an avu lb 9. n,*8. <. h,,*. C. 8,hn. ?. ,,)*.
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
Cu 4: ?n m5t lu2ng kh| CA Mua Wng & ang m gam hwn h_# CuA, Fe *A,, Fe,A8 !b 9l*A, '2i cho kh| tho[t 'a hk# th/ h^t !bo 3ung 3qch n(c !ti t'ong 3 thu a_c )h gam k^t t0a. Chkt 'in con lì t'ong Wng & c7 khWi l_ng *)h,\ gam. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. *)g,8. <. *)p,f. C. *,\,\. ?. *8p,\. Dng cho cu 5, 6: wn h_# 9 g2m Fe *A,V Fe,A8V FeA !(i &W mol .lng nhau. Nky C gam 9 cho !bo m5t Wng &, nung n7ng '2i cho ) lu2ng kh| CA ai Mua, tobn .5 kh| CA * &inh 'a a_c hk# th/ h^t !bo 3ung 3qch <aDA E* 3 thu a_c y gam k^t t0a. Chkt 'in con lì t'ong Wng & c7 khWi l_ng )p,*\\ gam g2m Fe, FeA !b Fe,A8, Fe*A,. Cho hwn h_# nby t[c 3/ng h^t !(i 3ung 3qch NA , thu a_c *,*8l|t kh| NA 3uy nhkt DaktcE. Cu 5: Ki[ t'q c0a C !b y t{ng ng lb 9. *\,ff\ !b *\,nfh. <. *\,ff\ !b ),pg\. C. )f,f*n !b ),pg\. ?. )f,f*n !b *\,nfh. Cu 6: =W mol NA, as tham gia #h]n ng lb 9. ),\h. <. \,p). C. \,n,. ?. ),*n. Dng cho cu 7, 8, 9: Cho hwn h_# 9 g2m \,) mol Fe !b \,* mol Fe *A, !bo t'ong m5t .rnh k|n 3ung t|ch khtng a;i )),* l|t cha CA DaktcE. Nung n7ng .rnh ) thQi gian, &au a7 lbm l`nh t(i \oC. wn h_# kh| t'ong .rnh lPc nby c7 t khWi &o !(i * lb )h,n. Cu 7: =o !(i t'(c th| nghim thr &au th| nghim [# &ukt t'ong .rnh 9. tdng. <. gi]m C. khtng a;i. ?. m(i avu gi]m, &au a7 tdng. Cu 8: =W gam chkt 'in con lì t'ong .rnh &au khi nung lb. 9. *\,8. <. ,h,h. C. *f,\. ?. ,n,\. Cu 9: Nû #h]n ng C]y 'a !(i hiu &ukt )\\m thr &W gam chkt 'in &au khi nung lb 9. *f,\. <. *p,n. C. ,n,\. ?. ,8,f. Dng cho cu 10, 11: wn h_# 9 g2m CuA !b "A theo t% l mol t{ng ng lb ): * D" lb kim loì h7a t'q khtng a;iE. Cho ) lu2ng * 3 ai Mua *,8 gam 9 nung n7ng thu a_c hwn h_# chkt 'in <. ~ hob tan h^t < cvn 8\ ml 3ung 3qch NA , *,h" !b thu a_c V l|t kh| NA 3uy nhkt DaktcE. iu &ukt c[c #h]n ng a`t )\\m. Cu 10: 1im loì " lb 9. Ca. <. "g. C. Bn. ?. P.. Cu 11: Ki[ t'q c0a V lb 9. \,,,n. <. \,88f. C. \,**8. ?. \,ng*. Cu 12: Cho kh| CA Mua Wng cha )h,*g hwn h_# g2m CuA !b FeA nung n7ng. =au m5t thQi gian thu a_c hwn h_# kh| < !b ),,ng chkt 'in C. Cho < t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch CaDA E * 3 thu a_c m gam k^t t0a. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. )h,\. <. )\,\. C. *\,\. ?. *h,\. Cu 13: 1h hobn tobn m5t oCit c0a kim loì " cvn 3ng ),,88 l|t *DaktcE. -obn .5 l_ng kim loì " &inh 'a cho t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch Cl 3 thu a_c ),\\f l|t * DaktcE. Ctng thc oCit lb 9. Fe,A8. <. Fe*A,. C. FeA. ?. BnA Dng cho cu 14, 15: 1h hobn tobn ,*,*\ gam hwn h_# g2m CuA, Fe *A, !b BnA .lng CA + nhit a5 cao thu a_c *h,\\ gam hwn h_# U g2m , kim loì. Cho U t[c 3/ng !4a a0 !(i 3ung 3qch NA , thr thu a_c V l|t kh| NA 3uy nhkt DaktcE !b 3ung 3qch cha m gam muWi Dkhtng cha N 8NA,E. Cu 14: Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. h*,p\. <. ,f,ph. C. 8*,8*. ?. f\.f\. Cu 15: Ki[ t'q c0a V lb 9. *\,)n. <. n\,8f. C. n,g*. ?. 8,8f. Cu 16: Chia 8g,* gam hwn h_# g2m CuA, Fe *A, !b Fe,A8 thbnh * #hvn .lng nhau. Phvn ) kh0a hobn tobn .lng CA 3 + nhit a5 cao thu a_c )g,* gam * kim loì. Phvn * cho t[c 3/ng !4a a0 !(i 3ung 3qch *=A8 losng, thu a_c m gam muWi. Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. )*8,\. <. 8p,*. C. hh,n. ?. n*,\. Cu 17: Cho * 3 Mua f,)8 gam hwn h_# 9 g2m CuA, 9l *A, !b FeCAy nung n7ng. =au khi #h]n ng Cong, thu a_c ),88g *A !b a gam chkt 'in. Ki[ t'q c0a a lb 9. n,g\. <. n,fn. C. n,gf. ?. n,f\. Dng cho cu 18, 19: Chia 8f,* gam hwn h_# g2m CuA, Fe*A, !b BnA thbnh * #hvn .lng nhau. Phvn ) cho t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch *=A8 losng, 3 '2i lky 3ung 3qch thu a_c cho t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch NaA thr thu a_c l_ng k^t t0a l(n nhkt lb ,\,8 gam. Phvn * nung n7ng '2i 3n kh| CA ai Mua a^n kh| #h]n ng hobn tobn thu a_c m gam hwn h_# , kim loì. Cu 18: Ki[ t'q c0a m lb
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
2B
9. )f,h. <. )*,p. C. 8*,n. ?. *8,f. Cu 19: =W l|t kh| CA DaktcE as tham gia #h]n ng lb 9. )h,nf. <. ,,p*. C. n,g*. ?. g,f8. Dng cho cu 20, 21: Cho 88,hn gam hwn h_# 9 g2m FeA, Fe *A, !b Fe,A8 t[c 3/ng hobn tobn !(i CA 3 Dnung n7ngE thu a_c a gam chkt 'in. ?n kh| tho[t 'a !bo 3ung 3qch n(c !ti t'ong 3 thu a_c g*,\\ gam k^t t0a. Nû c>ng cho l_ng 9 nh t'en t[c 3/ng !4a a0 !(i 9l Dnung n7ng ch]yE thr thu a_c m gam chkt 'in. <i^t c[c #h]n ng kh &it oCit ch tò thbnh kim loì. Cu 20: Ki[ t'q c0a a lb 9. *),h*. <. ,,,\8. C. ,*,8f. ?. ,8,)n. Cu 21: Ki[ t'q c0a m lb 9. g,,g*. <. hg,h*. C. h),\). ?. g),hn. Cu 22: 1h hobn tobn )f,\ gam m5t oCit kim loì " cvn h,\8 l|t kh| CA DaktcE. Ctng thc c0a oCit lb 9. Fe*A,. <. FeA. C. BnA. ?. CuA. Dng cho cu 23, 24, 25: 1h hobn tobn np,n gam hwn h_# 9 g2m FeA, Fe *A,, Fe,A8 !b CuA + nhit a5 cao thbnh kim loì cvn *8,n8 l|t kh| CA DaktcE !b thu a_c C gam chkt 'in. C>ng cho np,n gam 9 t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch Cl !4a a0 thu a_c 3ung 3qch < cha y gam muWi. Cho < t[c 3/ng !(i 3ung 3qch NaA 3 thky tò thbnh gam k^t t0a. Cu 23: Ki[ t'q c0a C lb 9. h*,\. <. ,8,8. C. 8*,\. ?. *f,f. Cu 24: Ki[ t'q c0a y lb 9. )8g,g. <. ),\,). C. ))*,h. ?. *\f,*. Cu 25: Ki[ t'q c0a lb 9. g\,g. <. fp,8. C. ff,,. ?. fg,*. Cu 26: ob tan hobn tobn *\,\ gam m5t oCit kim loì .lng 3ung 3qch *=A8 losng thu a_c h\,\ gam muWi. 1h hobn tobn l_ng oCit a7 thbnh kim loì + nhit a5 cao cvn V l|t kh| CA DaktcE. Ki[ t'q c0a V lb 9. *,f\. <. h,n\. C. n,g*. ?. f,8\. Cu 27 (A-07): Cho lu2ng kh| * 3 Mua hwn h_# c[c oCit CuA, Fe *A,, BnA, "gA nung n7ng + nhit a5 cao. =au #h]n ng, hwn h_# chkt 'in con lì lb 9. Cu, Fe, BnA, "gA. <. Cu, Fe, Bn, "g. C. Cu, Fe, Bn, "gA. ?. Cu, FeA, BnA, "gA. BI TP LM THEM C%u &: S electron lp ngoi cng trong nguyn t ca cc nguyn t phRn nhm chVnh nhm l $' 1# B' 2# C' "# D' $# C%u (: S electron lp ngoi cng trong nguyn t ca cc nguyn t phRn nhm chVnh nhm l $' 1# B' 2# C' "# D' $# C%u ): Hrong 2 cc kim loi -a: Eg: !l: =e: kim loi c tVnh kh mnh nh+t l $' =e# B' Eg# C' !l# D' -a# C%u *: %+u h,nh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t !l ./ 0 1"1 l $' 1222222p3"22"p"# B' 1222222p3"22"p1# C' 1222222p3"21"p"# D' 1222222p3"22"p2# C%u 5: % thd 5i6u chb %u 7rng cch @ng 42 5d kh $' %u%l2# B' %u*# C' %u.*412# D' %uS*$# C%u +: ;im loi FhGng ph8n 'ng Ni @ung @Tch 42S*$ lohng l $' /n# B' =e# C' !l# D' %u# C%u ,: ;im loi FhGng ph8n 'ng 5IJc Ni @ung @Tch mui 2_t . 1 clorua .=e%l 21 l $' !l# B' Eg# C' /n# D' %u# C%u -: ;im loi %u tc @jng 5IJc Ni @ung @Tch ch+t no 2au 5Ryk $' Eg%l2# B' %a%l2# C' !g-*"# D' =e%l2# C%u .: nhiMt 5 cao: %u* FhGng ph8n 'ng 5IJc Ni $' 42# B' !g# C' !l# D' %*# C%u &/: -hfng thanh kim loi /n No @ung @Tch !g-* " 1E# Sau khi ph8n 'ng (8y ra hon ton th+y khi lIJng thanh /n tUng ln 1:D1 gam# Hhd tVch @ung @Tch !g-*" ti thidu 5h @ng l .%ho !g 0 1C: /n 0 3D1 $' "Cml# B' 2Cml# C' DCml# D' 2Dml# C%u &&: -gRm mt l /n trong 1CCml @ung @Tch !g-* " c nsng 5 C:1 molwl .E1# ;hi ph8n 'ng kbt thfc khi lIJng !g thu 5IJc l .%ho !g 0 1C: /n 0 3D1 $' 1:C gam# B' 1C: gam# C' 2:13 gam# D' 21:3 gam# "C GV: Nguyn Th M Dung

C%u &(: -gRm mt 5inh =e trong 2CCml @ung @Tch %uS* $# Sau khi ph8n 'ng kbt thfc: l+y 5inh =e ra khqi @ung @Tch ra nhu: lm kh&: nh[n th+y khi lIJng 5inh 2_t tUng thm C: gam# -sng 5 molwl ca @ung @Tch %uS* $ 5h @ng l .%ho %u 0 3$: =e 0 D31 $' 1E# B' C:DE# C' 1:DE# D' C:C2E# C%u &): %ho ph8n 'ng 2auO =e F %uS*$ =eS*$ F %u# nai tr{ ca %u l $' ch+t kh mnh# B' ch+t o(i ho mnh# C' ch+t o(i ho ybu# D' ch+t kh ybu# "F 2F 2F C%u &*: %ho ph8n 'ng 2auO %u F 2=e %u F 2=e # %h+t hay ion 5ng Nai tr{ ch+t o(i ho mnh l $' %u# B' =e"F# C' %u2F# D' =e2F# C%u &5: Qd lm 2ch mt loi thu ngRn .4g1 c l^n tp ch+t /n: Sn: W7: ngIci ta @ng mt ho ch+t 5 l $' @ung @Tch /n.-*"12# B' @ung @Tch Sn.-*"12# C' @ung @Tch W7.-*"12# D' @ung @Tch 4g.-*"12# C%u &+: % @ung @Tch =eS*$ c l^n tp ch+t l %uS*$# -gIci ta c thd @ng mt ho ch+t 5d loi 7q 5IJc tp ch+t l $' %u @I# B' =e @I# C' /n @I# D' !l @I# "F 2F 2F C%u &,: %ho cc ion 2auO =e : =e : %u # Khy cc ion 5IJc 2_p (bp theo chi6u tVnh o(i ho tUng @9n tX tri 2ang ph8i l $' =e"F: %u2F: =e2F# B' %u2F: =e2F: =e"F# C' =e2F: =e"F: %u2F# D' =e2F: %u2F: =e"F# C%u &-: Qd 78o NM Nq tu 7idn ngIci ta c thd @ng phIZng php $' m mt lp kim loi 76n ln Nq tu# B' @ng ch+t chng Un m{n# C' g_n l /n ln Nq tu# D' @ng hJp kim kh&ng ge# C%u &.: Hh' ta 2_p (bp cc kim loi trong @hy no 2au 5Ry theo chi6u tVnh kh gi8m @9n $' -a: Eg: !l: =e# B' Eg: -a: !l: =e# C' =e: Eg: !l: -a# D' !l: =e: Eg: -a# C%u (/: ;hi 5i6u chb kim loi: cc ion kim loi 5ng Nai tr{ l ch+t $' 7T o(i ho# B' 7T kh# C' nh[n proton# D' nhIcng proton# C%u (&: Khy cc hi5ro(it 5IJc 2_p (bp theo th' ta tVnh 7aZ gHIJ @9n tX tri 2ang ph8i l $' -a*4: Eg.*412: !l.*41"# B' Eg.*412: -a*4: !l.*41"# C' -a*4: !l.*41": Eg.*412# D' Eg.*412: !l.*41": -a*4# C%u ((: %ation EF c c+u h,nh electron lp ngoi cng 2222p3 l $' -aF# B' ;F# C' GiF# D' )7F# C%u (): HVnh ch+t no 2au 5Ry FhGng ph8i l tVnh ch+t 5Lc trIng ca kim loi $' tc @jng Ni phi kim# B' tc @jng Ni a(it# C' tc @jng Ni 7aZ# D' tc @jng Ni @ung @Tch mui# F 2F C%u (*: Hrong ph8n 'ng 2auO 2!g F %u %u F 2!g# %h+t o(i ho mnh nh+t l $' !g# B' !gF# C' %u# D' %u2F# C%u (5: Hrong ph8n 'ng 2auO -i F W72F -i2F F W7# %h+t kh mnh nh+t l $' -i# B' -i2F# C' W7# D' W72F# C%u (+: Sa ph hu kim loi @o kim loi ph8n 'ng Ni hZi nIc hoLc ch+t khV p nhiMt 5 cao: goi l $' 2a ge kim loi# B' 2a Un m{n ho hoc# C' 2a Un m{n 5iMn ho# D' 2a lho ho ca kim loi# C%u (,: <8n ch+t ca 2a Un m{n ho hoc l $' ph8n 'ng o(i ho kh# B' ph8n 'ng ho hJp# C' ph8n 'ng thb# D' ph8n 'ng trao 5li# C%u (-: %he ra 5Ru FhGng ph8i l 2a Un m{n 5iMn ho $' 2a Un m{n kim loi (8y ra p N[t 7rng 2_t 5d trong kh&ng khV m# B' 2a Un m{n kim loi (8y ra p N[t 7rng gang 5d trong kh&ng khV m# C' 2a Un m{n kim loi (8y ra p N[t 7rng thYp 5d trong kh&ng khV m# D' t+t c8 cc hiMn tIJng trn# C%u (.: Et N[t 5IJc chb to tX hJp kim /n %u 5d trong kh&ng khV# 4hy cho 7ibt N[t 2~ 7T Un m{n theo loi nok $' Un m{n ho hoc# B' Un m{n N[t l\# C' Un m{n 5iMn ho# D' Un m{n cZ hoc# C%u )/: ;hi 5i6u chb khV hi5ro trong ph{ng thV nghiMm 7rng cch cho l k~m ./n1 tc @jng Ni @ung @Tch a(it: ngIci ta thIcng cho thm Ni giot @ung @Tch $' -a2S*$# B' /nS*$# C' %uS*$# D' !g2S*$# C%u )&: % nh`ng cLp kim loi 2au 5Ry tibp (fc Ni nhau: khi (8y ra 2a Un m{n 5iMn ho th, trong cLp no 2_t FhGng 7T Un m{n $' =e /n# B' =e Sn# C' =e %u# D' =e W7# C%u )(: WhIZng php 5i6u chb kim loi l $' phIZng php 5iMn phRn# B' phIZng php thu luyMn# C' phIZng php nhiMt luyMn# D' t+t c8 56u 5fng# C%u )): WhIZng tr,nh ho hoc no 2au 5Ry thd hiMn cch 5i6u chb %u theo phIZng php thu luyMn $' /n F %uS*$ %u F /nS*$# B' 42 F %u* t %u F 42*# C' %u%l2 %u F %l2# D' 2%uS*$ F 242* 2%u F 42S*$ F *2#
C
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
"1

C%u )*: WhIZng php no 5IJc p @jng trong ph{ng thV nghiMm 5d 5i6u chb nh`ng kim loi c tVnh kh ybu $' phIZng php thu luyMn# B' phIZng php nhiMt luyMn# C' phIZng php 5iMn phRn# D' phIZng php nhiMt phRn# C%u )5: <rng phIZng php thu luyMn c thd 5i6u chb 5IJc kim loi $' kali .;1# B' magie .Eg1# C' nh&m .!l1# D' 5sng .%u1# C%u )+: WhIZng php nhiMt luyMn l phIZng php @ng ch+t kh nhI %*: %: -4 ": 42: !l 5d kh ion kim loi trong $' o(it# B' 7aZ# C' mui# D' hJp kim# C%u ),: %ho cc kim loiO -a: %a: !l: =e: %u: !g# <rng phIZng php 5iMn phRn c thd 5i6u chb 5IJc 7ao nhiu kim loi trong 2 cc kim loi trnk $' "# B' $# C' D# D' 3# C%u )-: <rng phIZng php no c thd 5i6u chb 5IJc nh`ng kim loi c 5 tinh khibt r+t cao .BB:BB1 $' thu luyMn# B' nhiMt luyMn# C' 5iMn phRn# D' nhiMt phRn# C%u ).: WhIZng tr,nh ho hoc no 2au 5Ry 7idu @ixn cch 5i6u chb !g theo phIZng php nhiMt luyMn $' 2!g-*" F /n 2!g F /n.-*"12# B' 2!g-*" t 2!g F 2-*2F *2# C' $!g-*" F 242* $!g F $4-*" F *2# D' t+t c8 56u 2ai# C%u */: WhIZng php ho hoc no 2au 5Ry 7idu @ixn phIZng php 5i6u chb !g tX !g-* " theo phIZng php thu luyMn $' 2!g-*" F /n 2!g F /n.-*"12# B' 2!g-*" 2!g F 2-*2 F *2# C' $!g-*" F 242* $!g F $4-*" F *2# D' t+t c8 56u 2ai# C%u *&: Hrong phIZng php thu luyMn: 5d 5i6u chb %u tX %uS*$ c thd @ng kim loi no lm ch+t kh $' ;# B' -a# C' /n# D' !g# C%u *(.Nien ket hoa hoc t'ong mang tinh the2 kim loai la 9. Nien ket Ion <. Nien ket cong hoa t'> C. Nien ket hi0'o ?.Nien ket kim loai C%u *)(1im loai 3a7n 0ien tot nhat la 9. Vang <. <ac C. Oo$ng ?. Nhom C%u **.1im loai co 0o cng me$m nhat la 9. 1im loai kie$m <. 1im loai kie$m tho2 C. Nhom ?. =a5t C%u *5.1im loai cng nhat 9. C'om <. =a5t C. Oo$ng ?. Nhom C%u *+'Cho 8 kim loai 9l, Fe,"g, Cu !a 8 3ung 3>ch BnNA,,CuCl*,9gNA,,"g=A8. 1im loai nao kh% 0/c ca% 8 3ung 3>ch muoi t'en 9. Fe <."g C.9l ?.Cu. S. -at ca% 0e$u &ai C%u *,'.Cho 8 kim loai 9l, Fe, "g, Cu !a 8 3ung 3>ch Bn=A8, 9gNA,, CuCl*, "g=A8. 1im loai kh% 0/c ca% 8 33 muoi la: 9. Fe <. "g C. 9l ?. tat ca% 0e$u &ai C%u *-.Nguyen to /% o th )p , chu kR 8 nhom I 9 D #han nhom ch(nh nhom IE co cau hRnh elect'on nguyen t% la 9 : )&**&**#n,&*,#n8&* < : )&**&**#n,&*,#n8&) C : )&**&**#n,&*,#n ,3h8&) ? : )&**&**#n,&*,#n,3)\8&) C%u *. (= aQn mon 0ien hoa Ca%y 'a cac Mua t'Rnh 9. = oCi hoa /% cc 3/ng !a & kh% /% cc am <. = kh% /% cc 3/ng !a & oCi hoa /% cc am C. = oCi hoa /% cc am ?. = oCi hoa /% cc 3/ng C%u 5/'Noai lien ket nao &au 0ay co lc hut tPnh 0ienz 9. Nien ket kim loai < .Nien ket ion !a lien ket kim loai C Nien ket cong hoa t'> ?. Nien ket ion C%u 5&.1im loai co t(nh 3e%o la !R 9 : =o elect'on ngoai cung t'ong nguyen t% (t . < : Oien t(ch hat nhan !a .an k(nh nguyen t% .e C : Co cau t'uc mang tinh the2 . ? : -'ong mang tinh the2 kim loai co cac elect'on t 3o C%u 5('( /# kim cng !a gion h/n cac kim loai t'ong ho7n h/# 0a$u !R 9 : Cau t'uc mang tinh the2 thay 0o2i . < : "at 0o ion 3/ng taQng . C : "at 0o elect'on t 3o gia%m ? : ?o co & tao lien ket cong hoa t'> nen mat 0o elect'on t 3o t'ong h/# kim gia%m C%u 5)'(Noai #ha%n ng hoa hoc nao &au 0ay Ca%y 'a t'ong Mua t'Rnh aQn mon kim loaiz 9 Pha%n ng oCi hoa - kh% < Pha%n ng hoa h/# C Pha%n ng the ? Pha%n ng #han huy% C%u 5*.Cho .iet khoi l/ng la Bn thay 0o2i nh the nao khi ngam la Bn !ao 3ung 3>ch Cu=A8 "2 GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
C
9. khong thay 0o2i < taQng C.gia%m ?.con tuy C%u 55'Co cac ca+# kim loai &au tie# Cuc !/i nhau 9l-Fe V Bn-Fe V =n-Fe V Cu-Fe 0e2 lau t'ong khong kh( a2m . Ca+# ma &a5t .> aQn mon la 9 : Chi co ca+# 9l-Fe V < : Chi co ca+# Bn-Fe V C : Chi co ca+# =n-Fe V ? : Ca+# =nFe !a Cu-Fe C%u 5+'.Co 33 Fe=A8 la7n ta# chat la Cu=A8, 0e2 loai .o% Cu=A8 ta 3ung: 9. 33 NA, <. .ot &a5t 3 C. .ot nhom 3 ?. NaA !a 0u% C%u 5,'.Cho .iet cac ca+# oCi hoa- kh% &au : Fe*@H Fe Cu*@H Cu Fe,@HFe*@ -(nh oCi hoa taQng 3a$n theo th t 9.Fe,@,Cu*@, Fe*@ < Fe*@ ,Cu*@, Fe,@ C. Cu*@, Fe,@,Fe*@ ?.Cu*@, Fe*@, Fe,@ C%u 5-'Cho .iet cac ca+# oCi hoa- kh% &au : Fe*@H Fe Cu*@H Cu Fe,@HFe*@ -(nh kh% gia%m 3a$n theo th t 9 Fe,Cu ,Fe*@ <.Fe, Fe*@,Cu C.Cu , Fe, Fe*@. ?.Fe*@,Cu , Fe C%u 5.'.- 3ung 3>ch muoi 9gNA, 0e2 0ie$u che 9g ta 3ung #h/ng #ha# 9.thuy% luyen <.nhiet #han. C.0ien #han3ung 3>ch ?.ca% 9,<,C C%u +/'9kn mon 0ien hoa !a aQn mon hoa hoc khac nhau /% 0ie2m 9 : 1im loai .> #ha huy% < : Co & tao 3ong 0ien C : 1im loai co t(nh kh% .> aQn mon ? : Co & tao 3ong 0ien 0o$ng th/i kim loai co t(nh kh% manh h/n .> aQn mon . C%u +&'Nien ket t'ong tinh the2 kloai 0/c hRnh thanh la 3o: 9. cac e hoa t'> tach kho%i nguyen t% !a chuye2n 0ong t 3o t'ong toan mang tinh the2 <. cac nguyen t% 0/c &a5# Ce# theo mot t'at t nhat 0>nh C. & t/ng tac 0a2y Mua lai gi4a cac ion 3/ng ?. lc t/ng tac tPnh 0ien gi4a cac ion 3/ng !/i cac e t 3o Cung Muanh C%u +(' Ng/i ta t'ang mot l/# Bn len cac tam ton .aWng the# , ong 0a7n n/c .aWng the# !R 9 : Bn co t(nh kh% manh h/n &a5t nen .> aQn mon t'/c , the# 0/c .a%o !e . < : N/# Bn co mau t'a5ng .ac 'at 0e# C : Bn khi .> oCi hoa tao l/# BnA co tac 3ung .a%o !e ? : Bn tao mot l/# #hu% cach li the# !/i moi t'/ng C%u +)'.-'ong &o cac nguyen to hoa hoc 0a4 .iet thR cac nguyen to kim loai chiem 0a #ha$n 3o: 9.nguyen t% cac nguyen to co .an k(nh l/n 0o$ng th/i 0ien t(ch hat nhan .e. <. nguyen t% cac nguyen to th/ng co ), *, , e l/# ngoai cung C. cac nguyen to kim loai go$m cac nguyen to ho &, 3, X !a mot #ha$n cac nguyen to ho #. ?. naQng l/ng ion hoa cac nguyen t% th/ng tha#. C%u +*'Oe2 0ie$u che 9g t 3ung 3>ch 9gNA,, ng/i ta lam cach nao t'ong cac cach &au )H ?ung Bn 0e2 kh% 9g@ t'ong 3ung 3>ch 9gNA, . *H Oien #han 3ung 3>ch 9gNA, . ,H Cho 3ung 3>ch 9gNA, tac 3ung !/i 3ung 3>ch NaA &au 0o loc lay 9gA , 0em 0un nong 0e2 0/c 9g*A &au 0o kh% 9g*A .aWng CA hoa+c * /% to cao . Ph/ng #ha# 0ung la 9:) < : ) !a * C: * ? : Ca% ) , * !a , C%u +5."ot tam kim loai !ang .> .am mot l/# Fe /% .e$ ma+t, co the2 '%a l/# Fe 0e2 0/c 9u .aWng 3ung 3Tch: 9. Cu=A8 <. FeCl, C. Fe=A8 ?. 9gNA, C%u ++'(- "gDA E* ng/i ta 0ie$u che "g .aWng cach nao t'ong cac cach &au )H Oien #han "gDA E* nong cha%y . *H oa tan "gDA E* !ao 3ung 3>ch Cl &au 0o 0ien #han 3ung 3>ch "gCl* co mang ngaQn . ,H Nhiet #han "gDA E* &au 0o kh% "gA .aWng CA hoa+c * /% nhiet 0o cao 8H oa tan "gDA E* !ao 3ung 3>ch Cl , co can 3ung 3>ch &au 0o 0ien #han "gCl* nong cha%y Cach lam 0ung la
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
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9 : ) !a 8 V < : Ch; co 8 V C : ) , , !a 8 ? : Ca% ) , * , , !a 8. C%u +,'.1im loai ch; co the2 to$n tai /% 3ang nguyen t% 'ieng .iet khi: 9. /% the2 lo%ng <. /% the2 h/i C. /% the2 'a5n ?. ca% 9 !a < C%u +-'"ot loai <ac co la7n mot (t 0o$ng ng/i ta loai .o% 0o$ng t'ong loai .ac 0o .aWng cach )H Cho loai .ac nay !ao 3ung 3>ch 9gNA, 3 Cu tan het , &au 0o loc lay 9g *H Cho loai .ac nay !ao 3ung 3>ch Cl, Cu tan het ta loc lay 9g ,H Oun nong loai .ac nay t'ong oCy &au 0o cho ho7n h/# &a%n #ha2m !ao 3ung 3>ch Cl 9g khong tan ta loc lay 9g 8H Cho loai .ac nay !ao 3ung 3>ch NA, , Cu tan , 9g khong tan ta loc lay 9g . Cach lam 0ung la 9 : ) !a * < : ) !a , V C : , !a 8 ? : ca% ),*,,,8 C%u +.'1im loai nao &au 0ay khi tac 3ung !/i 33 Cl !a tac 3ung !/i Cl* cho cung loai muoi clo'ua: 9. Fe <. 9g C. Cu ?. Bn C%u ,/'. a4y &a5# Ce# cac ion Cu*@, g*@, Fe*@, P.*@, Ca*@ theo chie$u t(nh oCi hoa taQng 3a$nz 9 Ca*@ I Fe*@I P.*@I g*@I Cu*@ <. g*@ I Cu*@I P.*@I Fe*@I Ca*@ *@ *@ *@ *@ *@ C. Ca I Fe I Cu I P. I g ?. Ca*@ I Fe*@I P.*@I Cu*@I g*@ C%u ,&'Cac ca+# oCi hoa khu% &au : Na@HNa , "g*@H"g , Bn*@HBn , Fe*@HFe , P.*@HP. , Cu*@HCu 0/c &a5# Ce# theo chie$u taQng t(nh oCi hoa cu%a ion kim loai . 1im loai 0a2y 0/c Cu 'a kho%i 3ung 3>ch Cu=A8 la 9 : Na , "g , Bn , Fe , P. < : "g , Bn , Fe , P. C : "g , Bn , Fe ? : Na , "g , Bn , Fe C%u ,('Co cac ca+# oCi hoa kh% &au 1@H1 , "g*@H"g , Bn*@HBn , Fe*@HFe ,Cu*@HCu , Fe,@HFe*@ 0/c &a5# Ce# theo chie$u taQng t(nh oCi hoa cu%a ion kim loai . 1im loai 0a2y 0/c Fe 'a kho%i 3ung 3>ch muoi &a5t III la : 9 : "g , Bn V < : 1 , "g , Bn , Cu V C : 1 , "g , Bn V ?: "g , Bn , Cu C%u ,)' o7n h/# go$m , kim loai 9g, Fe, Cu. Oe2 tach 9g 'a kho%i ho7n h/# 3ung 3ung 3>ch nao &au 0ay. 9. 3ung 3>ch Cl <. 33ich NA, loa4ng C. 33>ch *=A8loa4ng ?. 33>ch Fe*D=A8E, C%u ,*'.Oe2 0ie$u che 9l ng/i ta )H Oien #han 9lCl, nong cha%y *H Oien #han 3ung 3>ch 9lCl, ,H Oien #han 9l*A, nong cha%y t'ong C'iolitV 8H 1h% 9lCl, .aWng 1 /% nhiet 0o cao Cach 0ung la 9 : ) !a , V < : ) , * !a , V C : , !a 8 : ? : ) , , !a 8 C%u ,5'Ue# cac ca+# oCi hoa kh% &au theo th t taQng 3a$n t(nh oCi hoa cu%a cac ion kim loai: Bn*@H Bn D)E, Fe*@H Fe D*E, 9l,@H9l D,E, * @H * D8E, 9g@H9g DhE, Cu*@HCu DnE, Fe,@HFe*@ DgE 9. n I , I ) I * I 8 I g I h <. h I ) I n I * I , I 8 I g C. 8 I n I g I , I * I ) I h ?. , I ) I * I 8 I n I g I h C%u ,+(-'ong cac #ha%n ng &au: D)E Cu @ *9g@ Cu*@ @ *9gV D*E Cu @ Fe*@ Cu*@ @ FeV D,E Bn
@ Cu*@ Bn*@ @ Cu
Pha%n ng nao co 0/c theo chie$u thuanz 9. Ch; co ) <. Ch; co , C. Ch; co *, , ?. Ch; co ) !a , C%u ,,.Cho 8 ion 9l,@, Bn*@, Cu*@, Pt*@, chon ion co t(nh oCi hoa manh h/n P.*@ 9. Ch; co Cu*@, Pt*@ <. Ch; co Cu*@ C. Ch; co 9l,@, Bn*@ ?. Ch; ,@ co 9l C%u ,,.Cho 8 kim loai "g, 9l, Bn, Cu. Chon kim loai co t(nh kh% yeu h/n *. 9. "g !a 9l <. 9l !a Bn C. Bn !a Cu ?. Ch; co Cu C%u ,-(Oien #han 3ung 3>ch cha NaCl !a Cl co them !ai giot Muy. "au cu%a 3ung 3>ch &e4 .ien 0o2i nh the nao t'ong Mua t'Rnh 0ien #hanz
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
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9. Oo% &ang t(m <. Oo% &ang Canh C. Oo% &ang t(m 'o$i &ang Canh ?. Ch; co mau 0o% C%u ,..Cho 8 3ung 3>ch muoi: Cu=A8, BnCl*, NaCl, 1NA,. 1hi 0ien #han 8 3ung 3>ch t'en !/i 0ien cc t'/, 3ung 3>ch nao &e4 cho ta ) 3ung 3>ch .a/z 9. Cu=A8 C. NaCl <. BnCl* ?. 1NA, C%u -/' Cho cac nguyen to : 8<eV ))NaV hy3'oCit t/ng ng nh &au : 9. 1A J NaA J "gDA E* J <eDA E* J NaA C. "gDA E* J <eDA E* J 1A
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1. Chie$u gia%m 3a$n t(nh .a/ cu%a cac J 1A J 1A
<. <eDA E* J "gDA E* J NaA ?. "gDA E* J <eDA E* J NaA
C%u -&.Co n 3ung 3>ch 0ng t'ong n lo :DN 8E*=A8,N 8Cl, "gCl*, 9lCl,, FeCl*,FeCl, Neu ch; 3ung ) thuoc th% 3uy nhat 0e2 nhan .iet n chat lo%ng t'en , ta co the2 3ung 9. Na D3E <.33 NaA 3 C. <aD3E ?. 33 9gNA, S. 33 <aCl * C%u -((Co 8 lo 0ng 8 3ung 3>ch mat nha4n : Na*CA,,N 8NA,,NaNA,, 33 PP khong mau. Neu ch; 3ung mot thuoc th% thR ta co the2 chon 3ung 3>ch 9. 9gNA, <. NaA C. Cl ?. <aDA E* S. "ot 3ung 3>ch khac. C%u -).Cho cac ho7n h/# kim loai &au 0ay U) Y Ca,Na,=' U* Y 9l,Na,<a U, Y Bn,Na, 1 U8 Y Bn,9l,Ca Uh Y Cu,Na,Bn Un Y Fe,Bn,"g o7n h/# nao co kha% naQng tan het t'ong n/c khi chat lam tan 3 9. U),U* <. U),U, C. U),U*,U,,U8 ?. Uh,U),U* C%u -*.Cho cac ho7n h/# kim loai &au 0ay U) Y Ca,Na,=' U* Y 9l,Na,<a U, Y Bn,Na, 1 U8 Y Bn,9l,Ca Uh Y Cu,Na,Bn Un Y Fe,Bn,"g o7n h/# nao co kha% naQng tan het t'ong 3ung 3>ch NaA 3 9. U8,U* <. U),U* C. U*,U,,U8 ?. U),U*,U,,U8 C%u -+'Pha%n ng : Fe @ *FeCl, Y ,FeCl* cho thay 9. =a5t kim loai co the2 tac 3ung !/i mot muoi &a5t <. "ot kim loai co the2 tac 3ung !/i mot muoi Clo'ua cu%a no C. Fe,@ .> &a5t kim loai kh% thanh Fe*@ ?. Fe* @ .> &a5t kim loai o Ci hoa thanh Fe,@ S. -at ca% 0e$u &ai C%u -, .Pha%n ng : Cu @ *FeCl, FeCl* @ CuCl* cho thay 9. Oo$ng kim loai co t(nh kh% manh h/n &a5t kim loai <. Oo$ng co the2 kh% Fe,@ thanh *@ Fe C. Oo$ng kim loai co t(nh o Ci hoa kem h/n &a5t kim loai. ?. =a5t kim loai .> 0o$ng 0a2y 'a kho%i 3ung 3>ch muoi S. -at ca% 0e$u &ai. C%u --("ot tam kim loai .aWng !ang .> .am mot l/# &a5t /% .e$ ma+t. Co the2 '%a l/# &a5t 0e2 loai ta# chat t'en .e$ ma+t .aWng 3ung 3>ch nao &au 0ay: 9. ?? CuCl* 3 <. ?? Fe*D=A8E, 3 C. ?? 9lCl, 3 ?. ?? Bn=A8 3 C%u -..Ch; 'a 0ie$u &ai: 9. Clo tac 3ung !/i &a5t cho &a5t DIIIE clo'ua <. Flo 0a2y 0/c clo 'a kho%i 3ung 3>ch muoi NaCl C. Iot co .an k(nh nguyen t% nho% nhat t'ong cac halogen ?.Co the2 0ie$u che 0/c n/c clo nhng khong the2 0ie$u che 0/c n/c Xlo S. < !a C 0e$u &ai. C%u ./.Nhung mot la &a5t na+ng f gam !ao h\\ml 3ung 3>ch Cu=A8 *". =au mot th/i gian lay la &a5t 'a can lai , thay khoi l/ng la f,fgam. D VY con&tE . No$ng 0o molHl cu%a 3ung 3>ch Cu=A8 &au #ha%n ng la: 9. ),f" <. *,*" C. ),gh" ?.),n*h" S. *,h" C%u .&.Nhung thanh kim loai U hoa t'> II !ao 3ung 3>ch Cu=A8 &au mot th/i gian lay thanh kim loai 'a thay khoi l/ng gia%m \,\hm. "a+t khac cu4ng lay thanh kim loai nh t'en nhung !ao 3ung 3>ch P.DNA,E* thR khoi l/ng thanh kim loai taQng len g,)m. <iet &o mol Cu=A8 !a P.DN,E* tham gia /% hai t'/ng h/# .aWng nhau. 1im loai U 0o la: 9. Bn <. 9l C. Fe ?. Cu
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
"D

C%u .(( Nhung thanh kim loai ke4m !ao mot 3ung 3>ch cha ho7n h/# ,,*g Cu=A8 !a n,*8g C3=A8. o%i &au khi Cu !a C3 .> 0a2y hoan toan kho%i 3ung 3>ch thR khoi l/ng thanh ke4m taQng hay gia%m .ao nhieuz 9. -aQng ),,p gam <. Kia%m ),,pgam C. -aQng 8 gam ?. 1et Mua% khaC. C%u .)(Nhung mot la &a5t !ao 3ung 3>ch Cu=A8 ,&au mot th/i gian lay la &a5t 'a can na+ng h/n &o !/i .an 0a$u \,* g ,khoi l/ng 0o$ng .am !ao la &a5t la 9.\,*g <.),ng C.,,*g ?.n,8g C%u .*.Cho mot la &a5t D3E !ao 3ung 3>ch Cu=A8 . =au mot th/i gian !/t la &a5t 'a '%a &ach lam kho thay khoi l/ng la &a5t taQng ),ng . 1hoi l/ng 0o$ng &inh 'a .am len la &a5t la: 9 : )*,fg < : n,8g C : ,,*g ? : p,ng C%u .5'Cho h,ng Fe !ao *\\ ml 3ung 3>ch ho7n h/# 9gNA, \,)" !a CuDNA,E* \,*" =au khi ket thuc #ha%n ng thu 0/c chat 'a5n co khoi l/ng 9 : 8,g*g < : g,h*g C: h,*fg ? : *,hng C%u .+'Cho mot 0inh Fe !ao mot lit 3ung 3>ch cha CuDNA,E* \,*" !a 9gNA, \,)*". =au khi #ha%n ng ket thuc 0/c mot 3ung 3>ch 9 !/i mau Canh 0a4 #hai mot #ha$n !a mot chat 'a5n < co khoi l/ng l/n h/n khoi l/ng cu%a 0inh Fe .an 0a$u la )\,8g. -(nh khoi l/ng cu%a cay 0inh &a5t .an 0a$u. 9. )),*g <. h,ng C.)n,f ?. f,png C%u .,'Ngam ) la ke4m D3E!ao t'ong *\\ ml 3ung 3>ch 9gNA, \,h". 1et thuc hoan toan l/ng 9g thu 0/c la: 9. f,f g <. ), g C. n,h g ?. )\,f g C%u .-.Ngam mot 0inh &a5t &ach !ao )\\ ml 3ung 3>ch Cu=A8 &au khi #ha%n ng ket thuc lay 0inh &a5t 'a kho%i 3ung 3>ch, '%a &ach, lam kho thay khoi l/ng 0inh &a5t taQng them ),n g. -(nh C" cu%a 3ung 3>ch Cu=A8 .an 0a$uz 9. \,*h " <. ) " C. * " ?. \,h " C%u ..(Cho mot thanh 0o$ng na+ng )\ g !ao *\\ ml 3ung 3>ch 9gNA, \,) ". =au mot th/i gian lay 'a can lai thay thanh 0o$ng co khoi l/ng )\,gn g D gia% &% 9g &inh 'a .am hoan toan len thanh 0o$ng. Cac chat co t'ong 3ung 3>ch !a &o mol cu%a chung la: 9.9gNA, D\,\* molE !a CuDNA,E* D\,\\h molE <.9gNA, D\,\) molE !a CuDNA,E* D\,\\h molE C.9gNA, D\,\) molE ?.CuDNA,E* D\,\\h molE C%u &//' Cho )\\ ml 3ung 3>ch 9gNA, \,h " tac 3ung !/i ),*f g .ot 0o$ng. =au khi #ha%n ng ket thuc. a4y t(nh:=o gam 9g 0/c gia%i #hongz 9. *),n g C. h,8 g <. )\,f g ?. 8,,* g C%u &/&'Cho luo$ng kh( * 0i Mua \,f gam CuA nung nong . =au khi #ha%n ng thu 0/c \,ng* gam chat 'a5n. ieu &uat kh% CuA thanh Cu la DmE 9. n\ <. f\ C. p\ ?. gh S. 1et Mua% khac C%u &/(' ),*gam mot kim loai hoa t'> II tac 3ung het !/i clo cho 8,ghgam muoi clo'u9. 1im loai nay la. 9. "g <. Ca C. Bn ?. Cu S. g C%u &/)' oa tan het kim loai hoa t'> II !ao l/ng 3ung 3>ch Cl )8,nm lay !a 0u% 0/c 3ung 3>ch muoi )f,)pm. 1im loai 0o la. 9. Ca <. Bn C. Ni ?. "g S. 1et Mua% khac C%u &/*'."ot ma%nh kim loai U 0/c chia thanh * #ha$n .aWng nhau. Pha$n ) cho tac 3ung !/i Clo ta 0/c muoi <. Pha$n * tac 3ung !/i Cl ta 0/c muoi C. Cho kim loai U tac 3ung !/i 3ung 3>ch muoi < ta thu 0/c muoi C. U la: 9. 9 <. Bn C. Fe ?. "g S. 1et Mua% khac C%u &/5'1im loai } luon co hoa t'> II. *f,h gam muoi clo'ua cu%a } co &o mol .aWng 88,8g muoi Nit'at . } la: 9. Cu <.Fe C. "g ?.Ca S.<a C%u &/+'N/ng <a kim loai ca$n cho !ao )\\\g n/c 0e2 0/c 3ung 3>ch <aDA E* *,ngm la 9.,p,8g <.)p,gg C.8),,g ?.*n,gg S.*),fh C%u &/,' Oe2 oCi hoa hoan toan mot kim loai } thanh oCit #ha%i 3ung mot l/ng oCi .aWng 8\m kim loai 0a4 3ung. } la 9. 1im loai hoa t'> I <. 1im loai hoa t'> III C. 1im loai co 1hoi l/ng nguyen t% l/n h/n )*\0!c ?. "g S. Ca C%u &/-' .Cho ),n*hg kim loai hoa t'> * tac 3ung !/i 3ung 3>ch Cl lay 3 . =au #ha%n ng co can 3ung 3>ch thR 0/c ,,8g muoi khan . 1im loai 0o la 9 . "g <. Bn C. Cu ?. Ni
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
"3

C%u &/.' oa tan hoan toan p,ng kim loai } hoa t'> DII E t'ong *=A8 0a+c thu 0/c 3ung 3>ch U !a ,,,n lit kh( =A*D0ktc. Vay } la: 9. "g <.Bn C. Ca ?.Cu C%u &&/' Cho \,f8 g kim loai } !ao 3ung 3>ch NA, loa4ng lay 3 &au khi ket thuc #ha%n ng thu 0/c \,,,n l(t kh( NA 3uy nhat /% 0ktc : } la 9 : "g < : Cu C : 9l : ? : Fe C%u &&&' .Cho n,8g ho7n h/# "g - Fe !ao 3ung 3>ch Cl D3E thay .ay 'a 8,8f l(t *D0ktcE . Cu4ng cho ho7n h/# nh t'en !ao 3ung 3>ch Cu=A8 3 .=au khi #ha%n ng Cong thR l/ng 0o$ng thu 0/c la 9 : p,ng < : )ng C : n,8g ? : )*,fg C%u &&( .Oien #han ) l(t 3ung 3>ch 9gNA, !/i 0ien cc t'/, thu 0/c mot 3ung 3>ch co P Y * D Cem V Y con&t. N/ng 9g thu 0/c /% catot la. 9.\,*)ng <.\,)\fg C.\,h8g ?.),\fg S. 1et Mua% khac C%u &&)' ( Oien #han hoan toan mot 3ung 3>ch cha 9g*=A8,Cu=A8, Ni=A8 &e4 thu 0/c th t cac kim loai /% catot la 9.Ni, Cu,9g. <.9g,Ni,Cu. C.Ni,9g,Cu. ?.9g,Cu,Ni. S.Cu,Ni,9g. C%u &&*' Oien #han nong cha%y hoan toan ),pgam muoi Clo'ua cu%a mot kim loai hoa t'> II thu 0/c \,8fgam kim loai /% catot. 1im loai 0a4 0ien #han la:9. Bn <. "g C. Cu ?. Fe S. g C%u &&5' .Oien #han nong cha%y hoan toan ),pg muoi clo'ua cu%a mot kim loai hoa t'> II, 0/c \,8fg kim loai /% catot. 1im loai 0a4 cho la: 9. Bn <. "g C. Cu ?. Fe C%u &&+' .Oien #han 3ung 3>ch Cu=A8 .aWng 0ien cc t'/ !/i 3ong 0ien co c/ng 0o I Y \,h9 t'ong th/i gian )p,\ giay thR khoi l/ng 0o$ng !a the2 t(ch kh( A* &inh 'a la 9 : \,n8g !a \,))* lit < : \,,*g !a \,\hn l(t C : \,png !a \,)nf l(t ? : ),*fg !a \,**8 l(t C%u &&,' Oien #han 3ung 3>ch muoi "Cln !/i 0ien cc t'/ . catot thu 0/c )ng kim loai " thR /% anot thu 0/c h,n lit D0ktcE. Uac 0>nh "z 9 "g < Cu C Ca ? Bn C%u &&-' .Oien #han *\\ml 3ung 3>ch ho7n h/# go$m Cl \,)" !a Cu=A8 \,h" .aWng 0ien cc t'/. 1hi /% katot co ,,*g Cu thR the2 t(ch kh( thoat 'a /% anot la 9 : \,hn l(t <: \,f8 l(t C : \,ng* l(t ? : \,88f l(t C%u &&. .Oien #han mot muoi clo'ua kim loai /% t'ang thai nong cha%y. =au mot th/i gian ta thay catot co *,g8 g kim loai !a /% anot co 88f ml kh( D0ktc. Vay cong thc cu%a muoi clo'ua la:9. CaCl* C. NaCl <. 1Cl ?. <aCl* C%u &(/' .Oien #han *\\ml 33 Cu=A8 \,h " !a Fe=A8 \,h" t'ong )h #hut !/i 0ien cc t'/ !a 3ong 0ien IY h9 &e4 thu 0/c /% catot: 9. ch; co 0o$ng <. Va 0o$ng, !a &a5t C. ch; co &a5t ?. !a 0o$ng !a &a5t !/i l/ng mo7i kim loai la toi 0a
GV: Nguyn Th M Dung
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